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FROM PARISH Community Obligation Saints in Black and White THURSDAY, JUNE 11, 1964 GEORGIA BULLETIN PAGE 5 BY LEONARD F.X. MAYHEW The days are long gone since the Church was the dominant and determining factor within society. During the centuries which we call the Middle Ages, the Church was the sole religious pheno menon within the narrow bounds of western Europe. It also determined many aspects of social life which were not specifically religious. At the climax of the Middle Ages the secular states of Europe were considered to derive their authority from the Church. Their kings were vassals of the Pope. Whether this Church-oriented social system actually produced a society which was character istically Christian is very ques- [tionable. In any case, it is clear | that the Church exists in a very ^different condition in today's \ world. She is no longer the fo- | cus of the day to day course of history. Nor does she set, to | any significant degree, the j standards of social life for any- | thing approaching a majority of today's population. This is true even in no-called Christian societies and within the bounds of medieval Christendom. If we count the vast mass of not even nominally Chris tian cultures and nations, then the minority posi tion of the Church becomes really clear. THE CONDITION of the Church in twentieth- century society has frequently been compared with the diaspora or dispersion of the Jews among the pagan societies outside their own homeland. Like them, today’s Christian is by definition at odds with the society in which he lives. The Church is one social group within the whole. Her influence is only effectively exercised by suasion, not by direct legal power or even by indirect political tactics. Her mission can no longer be conceived as a man date to rule society, if it was ever correct to so conceive it. This "diaspora" situation of the Church deter mines her approach to the world, not only In terms of papal pronouncements and polity, but in terms of the kind of parish that is appropriate to our day. The two are, of course, closely related. The parish ought to reflect the realism of today's re- RECTOR OF INSTITUTE awakened sense of mission, exemplified so dra matically in Popes John and Paul and in the Vati can Council. The parish of today needs a clearly felt sense of community within itself. It needs to provide an en vironment in which the Christian can learn and preserve the convictions which mark him off from the society in which he must live and work and spend his time and energy. Since he will find him self at odds to some degree with a majority in the other social groups to which he belongs, he urgently needs the experience of shared attitudes and convictions within his religious community. This cannot be accomplished solely on the basis of authority. The Church and the parish must en gage his loyalty and freedom. THE PARISH community and the more genera lized community of the faith can not be allowed to degenerate into parochialism, a narrow preoc cupation with immediate concerns. This has been characterized as a "ghetto" mentality that has af flicted some areas of Catholic life in the recent past. In order to preserve the integrity of the faith, some considered it necessary to defend the members of the Church from contact with the* secular and differentiated culture around them. The so-called parallel organizations, exclusively for Catholics in various fields, serve many worth while purposes. In some instances, however, they have had the unfortunate effect of insulating Catholics from the thinking and concerns of their neighbors. And, they have effectively blocked understanding of Catholicism by society at large. Pope John pro claimed the Church open in mind and heart to the modern world with its virtues, problems and needs. The parish must focus its attention with clarity and charity on the community in which it exists and on the other groups within that com munity. The social group in which an American parish lives has an urgent need to understand, in a rat- lonaland freedom-respecting fashion, the implica tions of Catholic doctrine. Certain groups - the poor, the Negroes, other Christian denominations, the Jewish community - are of particular perti nence to the healthily aware parish. Common bonds must be strengthened; legitimate aspirations ought to be shared; honest differences should be discus sed openly and with maturity. ARCHBISHOP Vernacular Aids Worship Across 1. He served under Don .... of Portugal 6. His position was that of a 10. Empress; abbr. 13. Panther 14. Biblical country 15. For 16. Note; music 17. Yawns 19. Traveler 21. Viper (si.) 63. Annoyed 65. Pure Air 66. Credit 68. Female name 70. Iceland epic 71'. Cut 73. Murders 75. Ice (German) 76. A deep dish fruit pie 79. Ort 81. Eye (Scot.) 82. Every 83. Repositcd 23. Goods cast overboard; 85. He converted the Maritime law 25. Pull 26. Two 28. Shares 30. Blunder 33. Levitated 35. Marine 37. Roof edge 31’. Pagan 40. Storehouse 42. Troops 43. Active 45. Set systems 47. Road sign; abbr. 48. Sheep call 50. Fungus growth 52. Asiatic plant 54. Century 56. Having ears 58. Ghost 61. Tincture 87. Formerly 88. Groove 89. Rewards Down 1. Keystone State; abbr. 2. Incite 3. Twofold 4. Quick 5. Its capital is Salem 6. 17th letter • Hebrew alphabet 7. Emmet 8. Unspoiled 9. Take effect 10. Short poem 11. Title of address 12. Danish measure 13. He entered the .... Order 16. Mother (Sp.) J8- Mixed greens 20. Unique 22. Turkish Title 24. Not at all 27. Populous 29. Oust 31. Athwart 32. Tear 34. Crystalline salt 36. Water plant 39. Cheroot 41. Rhythm 44. Dewy 46. Arrest 48. A waslvng 49. Rate of exchange 51. Recites 53. Eat avnv 5 5. Elevate 57. Bargains 59. He went to the 60. Tantalize 62. Crypt 64. A dram 67. Streamlets 69. Eagle’s nest 72. A kind of duck 74. Lucid 76. May 7 7 . Chemistry suffix 78. River (Sp.) 80. Doctor of Pedagogy; abbr. 84. Delirium Tremens; abbr. 86. Uncle Sara ANSWER TO LAST WEEK’S PUZZLE ON PAGE 7 DETROrr (NC) — Arch bishop John F. Dearden of De troit expressed appreciation for the concessions for the exten sive use of English in the lit urgy but at the same time war ned that the use of the verna cular will not automatically bring about "that full, conscious and active participation in lit urgical celebrations which . , . is their right and duty," The prelate, who is chairman of the American Bishops'Com mission on the Liturgical Apos- tolate, predicted however that the use of English will be an "effective means for an active, understanding participation of the people in the liturgy," BUT HE indicated in an in terview here that there must be a concerted effort to assure a more profound understanding of the rites of the Mass and the sacraments so that priests and people can join in active and meaningful participation. In voicing gratitude for the speedy action of the postconci- liar liturgical commission in Rome in approving the Ameri can Bishops’ liturgical decrees of April 2, Archbishop Dear den indicated that so far as is known, the U, S, is among the first national groups to re ceive an approved text formu lated in the light of the ecu menical council's Constitu tion on the Sacred Liturgy. WHILE NO definite date has been established for introduc ing English in the Mass and in the complete rites of the sacr aments, Archbishop Dearden said it will go into effect "as Says Biblical Instruction Is A Positive Document ARNOLD VIEWING T eapots-Rhododendron BY-JAMES W. ARNOLD ROME )C)—The recent in struction issued by the Ponti fical Commission for Biblical Studies calling on Catholic scholars to apply both tradi tional and modern means of scholarship to discover the full meaning and significance of Re velation is a "positive and en couraging document." This is the opinion of one of Rome’s foremost Biblical scho lars, Father Roderick Macken zie, S.J., rector of the Ponti fical Biblical Institute. The tall thin, gray-haired Canadian Je suit said the document is of particular importance for the development of Biblical studies because "it is the first time an official document Issued by a commission of the Holy See almost sketches out the history of the formation of the Gos pels." FATHER Mackenzie explain ed that the instruction deals specifically "with the three stages of the development of the Gospels. First, what Christ said and did. Secondly, how the Apostles represented this to fit the conditions of the listeners of the time. And thirdly, how the Evangelists reproduced this for their readers." The Jesuit scholar said the instruction, while defending completely the divine inspira tion of the Gospels, neverthe less recognizes that the Gos pels were not written as "pure history or flat reporting of facts. Instead, he pointed out that the commission’s document stressed that the Evangelists in writing their accounts had certain goals in mind and chose the elements of Christ's life and actions according to the goal they had in mind, suiting them to the capacities of the people they were writing for. "THE GOSPELS preached, as the instruction says," stat ed Father Mackenzie. “The Gospels are highly functional. They were written to be used, not simply to be read passive ly as straight history." Therefore, Father MacKen- zie continued, the instruction urges Catholic scholars of the Bible to use not only the tra ditional methods of Bibical scholarship but also to employ all that is g 00( i i n modern techniques such as literary cri ticism, language analysis, the findings of archeology and com parative studies with other wri tings of approximately the same periods. FATHER Mackenzie noted that the instruction endorses completely the use of the his torical method in studying Bib lical texts and specifically the use of literary critism. This he identified as a form of studying the various parts of the Gos pels, or of the Old Testament for that matter, in terms of its composition, of analyzing the units of the Gospel in terms of style, construcion and the like. Moreover, he pointed out the instruction also authorizes the use of the "form criticism" but also cautions scholars against dangers surrounding this approach. He defined form criticism as "the analysis of the composition of the Gospel in its small units—a phrase or sentence of Christ’s—found in the instructional or narrative used in the apostolic preach ing. This analysis aims at get ting behind the written word to get at the phrase or sentence as it was uttered by Christ and not as it appears in an context of the text of the Evangelist." MANY conservative Catholic Biblical scholars have objected to the use of form criticism because they fear that it emp ties the Bible of its divine in spiration and of its miraculous events or that it will destroy the faith of many believers. The Jesuit scholar said that the historical method, and par ticularly form criticism, was developed initially by people with a philosophical or socio logical bias or by rationalists who refused to admit the su pernatural character of events recounted in the Bible or of Its divine inspiration. "Some went so far to claim that the Evangelists not only quoted Christ out of context but act ually Invented quotes and attri buted them . to him,’-^ he said. FOR THIS reason, he added, it was natural that the instruc tion cautioned scholars in ap plying form criticism. At the same time it did affirm that its use is legitimate and that it can and should be used not only in assessing the signifi cance of portions of the Old Testament but also of the New Testament. "The importance of the in struction is therefore to be found In its support of the use of modern, scientific means of Biblical scholarship," Father Mackenzie said. It opposes the position of those—and this is oversimplifying it a little— "who feel that the application of a little science implies the lessening of faith." ASKED IF the new instruction might require some alteration of the council's schema or pro ject on Revelation, Father Mac kenzie said he is of the opinion that the schema on Revelation is "in need of revision. It needs a more objective ap proach. As it stands, it is too defensive. What is wanted is a more calm presentation." Summing up his opinion of the instruction. Father Macken zie said it is a continuation of guidance for Biblical studies begun with the 1943 encyclical Divino Afflante Spiritu of Pope Pius XII, which laid down the guidelines for Catholic scho larship in Biblical studies. Housing Named For Cardinal NEW YORK (NC) —A large scale urban renewal project in the Bronx here will be named Cardinal Spellman Vil lage in honor of the Archbishop of New York, Announcement of the new name for the project was made by Mayor Robert F, Wagner at an interfaith dinner com memorating the 75th birthday and the 25th anniversary as Archbishop of New York of Francis Cardinal Spellman. The dinner was arranged by Bronx Borough President Joseph M. Periconi. Mayor Wagner disclosed the, name of Bronxchester for the project had been discarded in favor of Cardinal Spellman Vil lage. Start Television SALTO, Uruguay (NC>— The six-year-old Catholic dally newspaper El Pueblo has begun originating from its offices a daily television program of lo cal, national and international pews and commentary. It would be hard to imagine a more unlikely play to be made into a movie than ‘The Chalk Garden," which is one of those subtle dramas wherein aristocratic adult females insult each other indirectly in clipped British accents while puttering among the teapots and rhododendron. Meanwhile, offstage somewhere, something is happening. The answer is that screenwriter John Michael Hayes (a practical fellow frequently employed by Hitchcock) has redesigned Enid Bagnold’s 1956 h*a a vehicle for Hayley Mills, the restless Seepage actress whose talent koeps threatening to loft her taco orbit. The result makes a lot more sense - sometimes too predictably so - but 'TheChalk Carden" is still much more of an excellently photographed play than a movie. THIS KIND of statement an guishes many readers who like plays and prefer movies to have the same re liance on good writing and acting, on literate characters and verbal fireworks. The movies, in fact, are very good at reproducing plays with added insight provided by closeups, camera angles and background music, and by cutting away from the stagey "set" to other settings, both artificial and natural. They also give a performance per manence and make it cheaply available to a vast audience. But most filmgoers resent the use of their splendid medium as merely a better or more democratic way of staging plays. There is also the ancient problem of form and content; the sub stance of a work should be united inextricably with the medium in which it is presented. If Miss Bagnold’s play,in its entire idea and execution, was wedded to the stage, then on screen, in a dif ferent medium, it becomes a hybrid. SOME YEARS ago Bela Balazs laid down a sen sible rule for the adaptation of both plays and novels; their basic concepts must be used as "raw material" and reworked from the beginning in filmic terms. This means more, in the case of "Garden," than using closeups or showing things that couldn’t be shown on stage (the heroine's habit of setting bonfires or the pretty Dover countryside) or hav ing people talk on tennis courts or buses instead of talking in drawing rooms. On stage talk is nearly everything: the real drama, the climactic moments must be expressible in language. In movies there can be talk but the visual must take the lead: the heart of the narrative must be ex pressible in pictures, FOR THE record, "Garden" as a play was about an aging dowager of the disappearing upper class whose ties to an irrelevant way of life had dried up her relationship with her daughter and made a rebellious neurotic of her 16-year-old grand daughter, It explored the mother-daughter rela tionship - a woman’s need to live on in her off spring - as Arthur Miller has often done for fathers and sons. Coming into the situation, and somewhat incredibly mending it, was a coldly realistic middle-aged governess who recognized the hopeless fantasy pattern which had led to tragedy in her own girlhood. Scenarist Hayes has done away with almost all of the sociology, much of it incomprehensible any way to a non-Brltlsh audience, and substituted .straight Freudian possessive mother-love. He has shifted the main conflict to the more familiar one of governess vs. ungovernable child. And since the governess is to be Deborah Kerr, he has changed a dimly comic butler into a gently formidable male tower-of-strength (played by John Mills, Hayley’s gifted father). THE RESULT is a different play; and certainly an easier one to grasp. But it is still a play, whose big and little moments are nothing but character confrontations in dialog. This is despite able direction by veteran director Ronald Neame ("Tunes of Glory"), whose main error in taste is a mystery story, and really gorgeous ex terior color photography by Arthur Ibbotson. "Garden" is clearly a woman's sort of thing, with Mills chiefly providing counterpoint for the conflicting females (beautifully played by Hayley and Deborah, as well as by Dame Edith Evans as the dowager and Elizabeth Sellars as the estrang ed daughter). The garden - where plants will not grow without proper nourishment - is a frequent symbolic device, and there are deft feminine lines like (Dame Edith to Miss Sellars): "Did you wear that scarf on purpose to annoy me? What you wear is a language to me." Its point is laudable enough: only love repro duces itself, only love begets health and immor tality. But it takes a long time to reach this plateau, interrupted by too much pat Freudianism (e.g., Hayley shrieking around her psychological bonfires, or pouring out her love in secret on a doll), a purple dash of melodrama (Miss Kerr's sordid past), and of course, too much talk. CURRENT RECOMMENDED FILMS: For everyone: It’s a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World; Lilies of the Field. For connoisseurs: Tom Jones, 8 1/2 Better than most: America America, Dr.Strange- love, Love With the Proper Stranger* Billy Liar, Charade, Paris When It Sizzles, The Pink Panther. early as possible." But he said that time must be allowed for printing, pub lishing and distributii g new altar missals and rituals. Arch bishop Dearden predicted the use of an English ritual for the administration of the sacra ments "possible as soon as early fall." NOTING THAT the revis ion^ of the missalare much more extensive including the substitution of English for Latin for most of the prayer and readings which vary from day to day— the Archbishop said its preparation will take considerably longer. But he said he hopes the new missals will be ready by the first Sunday of Advent. Lay Catholics need not buy new missals to participate in the vernacular Mass, the Arch bishop said. He explained that the structure of the Mass re mains unchanged and that with the insertion of a onepage card containing the new translation of the Gloria, Credo, etc., any ex isting hand missal will be ade quate. ASKED A30UT the introdu ction of English in sung Mas ses, Archbishop Dearden said that a board of experts would be appointed to evaluate new musical scores submitted by composers to accommodate the English usage. This board will submit its recommenda tions to the American Bishops for approval. The prelate noted that this procedure will be time- consuming, Thus all indica tions are that the vernacular will be intrduced initially in recited Masses. Otherwise, he said, the entire vemacularpro- gram would be delayed still fur ther. PAVLA'S FIRST — Carol Ann Guss. 23 (above), of New Orleans is the first Negro in the United States to enlist in PAVLA-Papal Volunteers for Latin Amer ica. An alumna of Xavier University, New Orleans, she will soon leave for a three - year assignment in Brazil. Seminary Fund Remember the SEMINARY FUND of the Archidocese of Atlanta in your Will. Bequests should be made to the “Most Reverend Paul J. Hallinan, Archbishop of the Catho lic Archdiocese of Atlanta and his successors in office". Participate in the daily prayers of our semi narians and in the Masses offer ed annually for the benefactors of our SEMINARY FUND. ‘All I ever get are bit parts!” God Love You BY MOST REVEREND FULTON J. SHEEN Does not a letter like this make us ashamed? Read it and see if you are willing to give in proportion to this boy I 'I am a new convert to the Church and I am very proud to be a Catholic. It had been my dream for a long time. I Now that I am a Catholic, I feel many responsi bilities toward the poor Catholics of the world. I am only 15 years old, and I also feel the pain of be*ng poor, but not in the same way as the people .you mention in your columns. My worries are ‘small compared to those in Asia and Africa who | worry about having no church to go to Mass in, while many (as do I) go to Mass in a huge cahte- dral. Or those who don't have medicine, while ! many Americans spend a fortune on reducing pills. As 1 said, I am.poor also. I can’t afford to go to the theater and school dances, -and I can’t buy the latest records and clothes, but when I add dp all of my blessings and compare them to the sufferings of the less fortunate, I feel that I am cheating the poor er people of their right to worship God in at least half the luxury that you and I do. Therefore, I am sending you some extra stamps from my collection in the hope that you can use them in some way. They are not much, but they are all I can send you right now. Someday I hope to be able to send enough money to build 100 churches. I am also sending you a silver dollar my mother gave me some time ago. It has great sentimental value, but I want to show the unfortunates of Asia and Africa that they have friends who want to help them, that there are people who do care." GOD LOVE YOU to V.H. for $75 "In thanksgiving for the suc cessful sale of property and, in honor of Our Lady of Perpetual Help." ...to P.B. for $5 "I was going 20 buy sneakers with this, but I think the poor people need the money more to buy what they need." ...to E.M. for $10 "In honor of St. Joseph and the Blessed Virgin Mary." ....to M.K. for $2 "Asking for your prayers, I give this to the Missions." ...to Mrs. J. G. for $10 "In gratitude to St. Anthony and St. Jude for helping my daughter to find every thing that she had lost." Keep your family together during the summer by praying the WORLDMISSION ROSARY. Blessed by Bishop Sheen, each decade is a different color, representing the five continents where mis sionaries are laboring to bring Christ to the pagans. Send your request and an offering of $2 to The Society for the Propagation of the Faith, 366 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10001. Cut out this column* pin youn sacrifice to ft and mall it to Most Rev. Fulton J. Sheen,* National Director of the Society for the Pro pagation of the Faith, 366 Fifth Avenue, New York lx, N. Y. or your Archdiocesan Director, Very Rev. Harold-J, Rainey P. O. Box 12047 Northside Station^ Atlanta 5, Ga.