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PURPOSELESSNESS Sub-Rational Violence Saints in Black and White STS. CYRIL and METHODIUS BY REV. LEONARD F. X. MAYHEW The tragedy of purposeless and sub-rational violence was, one thought, brought home to the whole country last November. But the pattern continues. The most recent incident is the murder on a dark, country road in Georgia of an outstand ing Negro educator. That the victim last Novem ber was the young vigorous President of the na tion and the victim last week was returning from service in his country's army only heightens the perversity of the crimes. Over and above the un speakable wrong done to the victims and their families, there is an even more sinister shadow cast by the circumstances of the two events. Various commentators made the point last No vember; Governor Carl San ders made it with righteous anger after last week’s murder of Lemuel A. Penn. The lesson of two tragedies does not hinge solely on any estimate of the demented personalities of the assassins. There is an atmos phere of violence abroad in America that is alien to our best self. It is frightening and dangerous. And it is being deliberately fomented by persons who occupy positions normally styled "responsible.” THESE people speak lightly of defiance of law and of bloodshed. They give inflammatory speeches to audiences who will take them literally. They apparently welcome the adherence of groups who publish the incredible volume of hate litera ture - aimed at minority groups and widely as sorted individuals - which daily clogs the mails. One point about this phenomenon - unique, at least in recent American history - is that these men would not, for the most part, actually do the things they are understood to advocate. Most of them would not commit murder or burn down churches or beat people with metal cfraibs of pipes. The violence they unleash in others, how ever, is something they cannot control or direct. The very mildest verdict that may be passed on them is irresponsibility and conscienceless self- seeking. Governor Sanders’ statement implied a verdict of irresponsibility upon another group who would not associate themselves with the hate-mongers and violence-preachers. He warned that the sil ence, in-attention and lack of interest of so- called moderates is also dangerous and harmful. "Moderate” has become a comfortable and popu lar word. It possesses respectability and it does not make too many obvious demands. HOW MANY murders, burnings and beatings does it take before we recognize that our idea of moderation needs adjustment? It is not modera tion to ignore the moral law. It is not moderation to countenance or refuse attention to gross in justices done to our fellow men. It is not the victims of such hate and violence who need to be counselled with moderation. It is the advocates and perpetrators of such vile deeds who need to be moderated and restrained. Governor Sanders made a dark and terrifying comparison between the demagoguery and fana ticism current in America today and that which brought the course of Nazism to Germany and the world a generation ago. The point cannot be dis missed as too far-fetched for consideration. A relatively small group, willing to use any and all means to achieve its ends, can terrorize a majori ty and enslave it.Bully tactics, big lies, hate cam paigns - abetted by the silence of "moderates” - ruled the day in Nazi Germany and could do the same here. QUESTION BOX Baptism Of Blood? Q. After our class read your article entitled, "Who are the Members of the Mystical Body of Christ?" a question arose. Can a member of the Mystical Body have attained his membership through Baptism of Blood? A Baptism of Blood is not a baptism unless martyrdom for the Faith of Christ is suffered, and yet dead persons are not members. As an example the massacre of the Holy Innocents was mentioned. This brings us to a bigger question; "Can one be a member of the Communion of Saints without being a member of the Mystical Body?" A, This question comes from a grade school, and the writer says she represents room 2, Surely they must start numbering their rooms from the top in her school. And her class is doing some sound thinking - and making me think too. As regards the baptism of blood, the principle which should guide us in this; Sanci- ty must be attained in the course of our human life on earth. If we die without sanc tifying grace we cannot enter heaven. So baptism of blood-which confers all the graces of baptism of water-must be operative before the moment of death. Therefore it makes its "victims’’ mem bers of the Mystical Body for a fractional moment- at least. With adult martyrs there is less of a problem than with the Holy Innocents. The adult may well have a baptism of desire before his martyrdom begins, and he gives supreme expression of many vintues; faith, love and courage, especially. The baptism of blood adds the great benefit (like bap tism of water) of remission of every fault and pun ishment due for sins-unless the person retains voluntary attachment to sin. Death is essential to martyrdom-and so to the baptism of blood-but this does not mean that its merits come after death.The merit is in accepting the death-accepting it rather than deny the faith, accepting it for love of God (which means pre ferring death to sin). A martyr may live for some time after gaining the merits of martyrdom, which began when he accepted the fatal wounds. In the case of the Holy Innocents the means and methods of their sanctification is more difficult to understand. About all we can say is that the merits of Christ’s death were applied by him in special manner to those who died for him, even though their martyrdom was not a voluntary act. In point of time, Jesus did not die until after the Holy Innocents; but the saving benefits of his death were applied to them in anticipation-as they were to all those who were saved before the Re deemer came. And this brings us to your final question. Sure ly Abraham, Moses and Aaron are members of the Communion of Saints, but they lived long before the Church of Christ-his Mystical Body-came into existence. We honor St. John the Baptist, St. Joseph and the Holy Innocents as saints, and yet they all died before the Church was established. St. Joseph is the patron of the Church, but in a technical sense he was never a member of the Church. So we should say that those who lived and died before the death of Christ were never members of his Mystical Body, as we understand that term today. But they may be members of the Communion of Saints. However, since the death and resurrection of our Savior, his Mystical Body is the mystery of his sanctifying and saving action on earth. No one has ever been saved except through him, but now no one is saved except in him-in the specific sense of living as part of his Mystical Body. But we know not the limits of his Mystical Body, because we know not the limits of his mercy or the good inten tions and saving desires of men. This is doubly true of those who have been baptized into member ship, but have drifted in good faith beyond the visible limits of the Church, TRUTH ABOUT SUDAN Your World And Mine CONTINUED FROM PAGE 4 sion, but he was never allowed to visit Sudan’s Jails or attend trials before its military courts. NEITHER are other independent observers per mitted to travel and report freely. Contrary to the claims of Sudan Embassies, a special permit had to be obtained in Khartoum from the Interior Ministry before Sudan Airways (the only carrier) would honor my ticket to the south. And this per mit was obtained only because they believed I was an in-offensive American tourist anxious to swell their dollar reserv* s. Various U.S. and British officials assured i„e that a newsman could not hope to obtain a permit. Nobody would speak to me until I had provided documentary evidence that I was not a Sudanese agent. Every informant warn ed me that disclosure of his identity would bring dire reprisals for telling the truth. The basic fact about the Sudan is that the dicta torship is engaged on a ruthless policy of imposing the Arab language and culture of the north, along with its Moslem religion, on the south. As a first step, it has eliminated the leadership of the south’s four million black Africans, some of whom are Chrlitiana and the rest Animtita (pagans). The educated people are in exile, in Jail or dispersed lit 'Villages in the north. The Christian mission aries had first been isolated and their schools had been seized over the past eight years, But the peo ple still rallied around them. The policy of geno cide required their elimination, and so they have gone. PERHAPS the most cynical of the assertions of the Interior Minister is that Sudanese priests will replace those expelled, and that the government In tends to pursue a policy of active training of in digenous clergy. The fact is that the mission au thorities had long seen the writing on the wall. Since 1956, both Catholic and Protestant missions had been refused visas for new missionaries. AS EXPULSIONS were stepped up, they ap pealed continuously to the authorities for permis sion to increase the intake of candidates to Junior seminaries and for permission to start additional junior seminaries. These requests were absolute ly turned down. In consequence, Sudan has only a handful of ordained clergymen for service in the south, and some of these are in jail, others in exile from which they dare not return. Within the Sudan no voice can be raised in pro test, The dictatorship controls all newspapers, ra dio and television. The army has an iron grip on the people. World opinion, as yet strangely unmoved, lathe one hope of the weak, oppressed and leaderless Negroes now at the mercy of their traditional enemies. y 3— 3 y * /9 <1 h THURSDAY, JULY 16, 1964 GEORGIA BULLETIN PAGE 5 POPE AT MEETING Approves Sainthood For 22 Uganda Negro Martyrs w ry rr - Down 1 4 8 11 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 24 26 27 30 33 88 40 43 45 46 48 50 51 53 55 56 58 00 61 63 05 07 71 74 77 78 79 81 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 •2 Inexperienced Interweaving stitches manufacturing of business machines elfin Indebted attitude of mind Latin pronoun Mendacity girl’s name man’s nickmane stake nge vessels Word uttered by Our Lord on the cross Biblical name cuddle quash St. Methodius worked alone after his brother’s Tibetian mountain devotee moan inscrutable person Iranian coin genus of sen slugs challenger pertaining to the Edda slow (music) graphite checked manner of acting essay eccentric vital organ mythical spirit Their are celebrated together rain spout (Scot) French pronoun dale lyrical poem triturate Weathercook alegar crop go wrong 111 contend Dutch meters keel-billed cuckoo ’’Old Curiosity Shop” girl scruple (nbbr.) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 23 25 26 28 29 31 32 34 35 37 38 39 40 41 42 44 47 49 52 54 57 59 62 64 66 68 69 70 71 72 73 75 76 79 80 82 83 Catholic Informed periods of time accomplished Ohio college town muse in reverie Estonian measure of weight absorb apis twist vanished European republic Includes 4 seasons theological degree diphthong lofty part of a course earth (Scot.) salutation care for puppet rodents heron daub late The relationship between the saints (French) assistant lowest point century in which they IKed alignment gland swelling whale Norwegian saint clamor before Celtin invaders aglet Islands of Malay archi pelago (abbr.) Nations to whom they preached purposive expression of contempt- Place where their rellcs-are preserved E. Indian vine Information regular hub A M. caricaturist samovar nothing annex ANSWER TO LAST WEEK’S PUZZLE ON PAGE 7 VATICAN CITY (RNS)—Saint- hood in the Roman Catholic Church was approved by the Sacred Congregation of Rites for 22 beatified Negro converts martyred in Uganda in the 19th Century for refusing to re nounce their new faith. Final approval was voted by the congregation at a meeting, attended by Pope Paul VI, in which it accepted as miracu lous two cures attributed to the martyrs. MEMBERS of the first Ugan da Christian community, the 22 — ranging in age from 14 to 50 — are expected to be canon ized at solemn ceremonies in St. Peter’s Basilica on Sunday, Oct. 18. The rites are to be attended by the Pope and some 2,000 bishops from around the world in Rome for the Vatican Coun cil's third session which starts Sept. 14. Dramatizing the Catholic Church's stand against racial injustice, canonization of the Uganda martyrs will make them the first Negro Africans de clared saints in modern times. They were converted by mis sionaries of the White Fathers who first arrived in Uganda in 1878. The White Fathers, who began research on the martyrs' lives in 1886 and have since promoted their cause for saint hood, sponsor a Uganda Mar tyrs Center in Washington, D.C. THE SACRED Congregation’s approval was warmly com mended by Father John A. Bell, W.F., the center’s director, who observed: "I think this public act on the part of the Church will reinforce statements and pronouncements by the Church on the fundamental equality of all men in the eyes of God.” All male, the 22 martyrs were ARNOLD VIEWING World of Henry Orient BY JAMES W. ARNOLD Some years ago a famous psychological study of the movies (by Martha Wolfenstein and Nathan Leites) discovered an interesting difference in plot themes between American and European films. In French pictures, for example, "missed sexual opportunity” is usually tragic, while in U.S. films it is usually comic. The untiring Briton, Peter Sellers, now seems to be making a career of this American theme, as the would-be Don Juan who never wins his diplo ma (cf. "Pink Panther," World of Henry Orient"). Part of Sellers’ gift is in making his man the right mixture of clown and cad, sharpie and schlemiel. The audience dis likes him enough to want him to fail but not enough to withhold sympathy; it accepts him as real but rarely to thepointwherehis roguery is painful. His clear cowardice and final humiliation are, of course, moral in effect if not in explicit intention. IN "ORIENT,” Sellers, as a dandyish concert pianist who preys with uncertain success on mar ried women, is only half the show. The rest con cerns the lively mischief of two female adole scents (Merrie Spaeth, Tippy Walker) who belong to the world of J.D. Salinger: of the high I.Q. off spring of divorced aristocrats fighting off bore dom in the prep schools and adult playgrounds of Manhattan’s fashionable East Sixties. These attractive youngsters, in the story by old pros Nora and Nunnally Johnson, are exhilarating to both eyes and spirit. Incredible as it seems, they look (floppy skirts and hair, all legs and el bows), talk ( on tee^ braces, leg shaving) and act (each step is a headlong lurch) as real 14-year- olds sometimes do. Although now and then on screen a bit too long, they avoid the unforgive- able: they never become totally cute. When it does not bog down in tepid adult dia log, "Orient" is often rousing cinema. For vete ran TV director George Roy Hill, it is the best movie yet (after "Toys in the Attic, "not a crash ing compliment). The sequences involving Sellers (serenely smuggling nervous Paula Prentiss in and out of his lair, banging his way through a horren dous modern concerto) and the kids (romping through Central Park and other real Gotham loca tions) are choice. The camera work is in vivid colors. One too brief series of shots uses slow and fast motion, wide angle lenses and rhythmic repetitive cutting in the most effervescent tour of Manhattan since the engaging bit in "Breakfast at Tiffany's.” TIPY HAS a fascinating Oedipal relationship with her screen-mother (Angela Lansbury), A William Inge-ish monster who competes both for the girl's sometime father (gentle Tom Bosley) and her teenage crush (Sellers), Miss Lansbury, apparently fated to blacken endlessly the image of American motherhood flast time; "All Fall Down"), loses both ends of the doubleheader. Di rector Hill's serious interpretation of this ele ment jars the film’s basic joie de vivre (Sellers, on his side, is playing for farce), and renders its dramatic effect ambiguous. "Ladybug, Ladybug” is a dreary second effort by the creators of "David and Lisa" (scenarist Eleanor Perry, producer-director-husband Frank Perry). They began with a stimulating idea - what if teachers and pupils at an isolated school mis took an erroneous nuclear attack alert for the real thing? - but let it suffocate in more pretentious moralizing than we have seen since editorialists took on the Twist. YET EVEN a Perry flop gives patrons more to think about than most of the items that pass for movies these days, "Ladybug", made on an in credible $320,000 budget with unknown profes sionals at a rural school south of Philadelphia, has that flat, understated documentary look. The child actors try to grapple with what they per ceive as impending death, and are often moving when not obliged to debate the morality of war. Now and then they are stunningly photographed (e.g„ single file, low-angled against the sun). Director Perry's major flaw is his reluctance to cut. In one nicely conceived scene, a pregnant young teacher, still believing the alert is real, walks through a deserted kindergarten with its poignant symbols: childish decorations welcom ing Spring, instructions to "draw a baby animal,” toy soldiers besieging a toy fort. The impact is dissipated as the scene drags on. Perry also blinds the customers by cutting back and forth between underground shelters and characters in bright sunlight. For those of us who staggered through the Cu ban crisis on martinis and aspirin, "Ladybug" is not quite convincing. We veterans puzzle over the adults’ failure to consult radios or other adults, and wonder why, if they believe attack is imminent, they keep meandering about in the open as if on a bird-watching expedition, I, for one, would have been down in the cellar with my flashlight and pow dered milk in less time than it takes to show the coming attractions. The Perrys missed the best way to tell this story: from inside the mind of one of the confused children. One supreme bit of irony emerges in "Lady- bug," A teacher (Nancy Marchand), in near-panic, finally gets a lift from a truck driver. Lips quiv ering, she asks him to turn on the radio. He re sponds, and the caterwauling of rock-n-roll re veals that, for now at least, civilization is pre served, CURRENT RECOMMENDED FILMS: For connoisseurs: Tom Jones, 8 1/2, Bridge on the River Kwai (re-release), Superior entertainment: It’s a Mad Mad, Mad, Mad World; Lilies of the Field, Dr, Strangelove. beatified in 1920 by Pope Bene dict XV. Beatification, a major step toward canonization, per mits the Blessed to be honored locally in public worship. Fol lowing canonization, a saint is honored in public worship throughout the universal Church. The Church requires two miracles attributed to the Bles sed before canonization. How ever, miracles are not requir ed for martyrs if the Pope grants dispensation. But spon sors of the 22 martyrs’canoni zation asked for no such dis pensation. Preliminary approval of the two medical miracles attributed to the intervention of the Ugan da converts was given by the Sacred Congregation of Rites in 1941. The congregation has now voted final acceptance of the cases as miraculous. THE TWO cases in which the miracles are said to have occured involved pulmonary plague. One of the cures af fected Mother Maria Louisa Griblet, a Swiss nun; and the other, Sister Rachilda Buch, a German nun. They were mem bers of the Missionary Sisters of Our Lady of Africa, known as the White Sisters -- a coun terpart of the White Fathers. In 1941 the two nuns were re ported dying when a novena to the martyrs was started in a Uganda parish on their behalf. Later the nuns recovered. Sis ter Rachilda died in 1953 in Belgium. Mother Maria is now serving in Hoima, Uganda. The 22 Uganda converts were put to death in various ways between 1885 and 1886 by order of King Mwanga, their native chief. Twelve of them were pages in the king's court and their ages were between 14 and 25. The other ten were from 25 to 50 years old. A LEADING figure in the court, Joseph Mukasa, who was among the early converts, was martyred first because offears that his influence would Chris tianize the kingdom. He was sentenced to be burned alive, but instead was beheaded by the royal executioner. Another convert leader, Charles Lwanga, supported the 12 pages who declined to give up their new faith. He and the pages were burned alive in 1886. The remaining eight Africans were martyred later in various wavs. Seminary Fund Remember the SEMINARY FUND of the Archidocese of Atlanta in your Will, Bequests should be made to the ' Most Reverend Paul J. Hallinan, Archbishop of the Catho lic Archdiocese of Atlanta and his successors in office*’. Participate in the daily prayers of our semi narians and in the Masses offer ed annually for the benefactors of our SEMINARY FUND* God Love You BY MOST REVEREND FULTON J. SHEEN Americans are among the richest people on the face of the earth; they give hundreds of millions of dollars a year in answer to var ious appeals. It is not, however, the man who gives the most who will receive the greatest reward. It depends upon the motivation of our giving. To build a field house, or a gymnasium, or a science building to glorify one’s own name is not worth as much as giving a cup of cold water to a thirsty man in the Name of Christ. Our works and deeds have merit because they are united with and done in Christ; or as He put it: "In My Name.” Why was it that God told Moses that if he built Him an Altar, "to use any tool in the making of it is to profane it (Ex, 20:25)? The reason is because no creature is to "have any ground for boasting in the Pres ence of God" (I Cor, 1:30). It was also to indi cate that "He saved us; and it was not thanks to anything we had done for our own justification" (Tit. 3:5), Sinfulness cannot approach the thrice-holy God with anything in hand which its own labors have produced. That is why the Lord did not respect the offering which Cain brought to Him: Cain pre sented the fruits of the ground, the product of his own labors, as if man, through his own efforts, could redeem himself. Abel, on the contrary, offered a bloody sacrifice, for it is only through the blood of the All-Holy Lamb that our sins are forgiven. When it comes to making your Will, you will do more good for your soul if you leave a little money to the Vicar of Christ to spread Redemption through the world, than if you leave a million dollars for a law building with your name inscribed in stone. None of us can be sure that he has acquired sufficient merits for salva tion, Think well then on any material possessions which the Good Lord has given to you. Leave them in His Name for His purposes. Leave them particularly to His Vicar on earth, the Holy Father. This you will do by writing in your Will: "I give, devise and bequeath to the National Office of The Society for the Propagation of the Faith, the sum of $ , This amount is to become part of the General Fund, and will be dis tributed through the Holy Father and his Congregation of the Propagation of the Faith," For further details, write to the Na tional Office of The Society for the Propagation of the Faith, 366 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York. 10001. GOD LOVE YOU to a Teenager for $5 "I have just about every thing I could ask for, so please accept this gift I might otherwise have used foolishly," ...to B.W, for $7.10 "Nickles for picking up splits and doubles for bowling season." ...to M.R.C. for $12.50 For some time I have felt that I wanted to make a worthy con tribution but as a working widow my income is quite limited." Send us your old gold and jewelry—the valuables you no longer use but which are too good to throw away. We will resell the ear- nngs, gold eyeglass frames, flatware, etc., and use the money to relieve the suffering in mission lands. Our address: The Society Y^rk 10001 Pagati ° n ° f ** Falth * 366 Fifth Avenue . New York, New Cut out thi* column, pin your, sacrifice to it and mail it to Most Rev. Fulton J. Sheen, National Director of the Society for the Pro pagation of the Faith, 366 Fifth Avenue, New York lx, N. Y. or your Archdiocesan Director, Very Rev. Harold-J, Rainey P. 0. Box 12047 Northalde Station, Atlanta 5, Ga.