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PAGE 2 GEORGIA BULLETIN THURSDAY, AUGUST 13, 1961
THEOLOGIANS ASSERT
U.S. Action In Vietnam
Is Justifiable Decision
WASHINGTON (NC)—A sample
polling of Catholic moralists
and political scientists has re
vealed a unanimous belief that
the U.S, was justified in its de
cision to strike back at com
munist naval bases in North
Vietnam,
A cross - section of moral
theologians and political ex
perts were asked by N.C.W.C.
News Service whether Chris
tian morality governing war
fare permits retaliatory at
tacks, and whether the air
strikes on North Vietnamese
FT boat installations were ex
cessive, especially in view of
the danger of their sparking a
wider conflict,
MOST OF those contacted
agreed that the American de
cision could not properly be
called “retaliatory/*
William E. Moran, Jr„ dean
of the School of Foreign Ser
vice at Georgetown University
and president of the Catholic
Association for International
Peace, said he thought the U.S,
response was “a reasonable one
given the circumstances, and
particularly since China and
North Vietnam had some ques
tion about our commitment in
Southeast Asia/*
"It isn’t a question of re
taliation," he said, 'The United
States had to make it perfect
ly sharp and clear to the other
side that this country is not a
‘paper tiger/ It was necessary
to take appropriate action
quickly so they will not con
tinue to be deceived. In this re
spect I can see positive mora*
action here,"
MORAN SAID the U.S, may
have been faced with a "choice
of evils," but declared this
country cannot refuse to take
action merely because of the
threat of nuclear war,
"If you take that line, you
have to ask what this means
to our freedom and our re
ligion," he said, "Do we have
to give all of that up just to
protect our hides?"
Father Edward Conway, S.J.,
research professor of political
science at Creighton Uni
versity, Omaha, Neb,, and di
rector of Creighton’s Center
for Peace Research, deplored
what he called "the widespread
use of the word ‘retaliation’ to
characterize our response to
this aggression,"
He said the word connotes an
"irrational and non-military
motivation" on the part of the
United States, The air strikes,
he said, were a "defensive
counter measure which I don’t
consider excessive in light of
the situation/’
THE ATTACK on the North
Vietnamese mainland falls
within the proper limits of self
defense, according to Father
Francis J. Connell, C.SS.R,,
former dean of the school of
sacred theology at the Catho
lic University of America.
Self defense, said Father
Connell, a moral theologian, can
imply more than merely return
ing the fire of PT boats which
twice attacked U.S. destroyers
in the Gulf of Tonkin.
"We can defend someone else
as well as ourselves," he said.
"In this case, by bombing the
naval bases, we were defending
ourselves, the people of
Vietnam and the free world."
The justification for the U.S.
action by international law was
upheld by two other members
of the Catholic Association for
International Peace. They are
Father George H. Dunne, S.J.,
assistant to the president of
Georgetown University of In
ternational Affairs, and William
V. O’Brien, professor of inter
national law at Georgetown.
FATHER DUNNE expressed
some doubts about the total U.S.
involvement in Southeast Asia,
but he said as long as this
country is actively engaged it
must take action when neces
sary.
"PT boats come from bases,
they don’t spring up out of the
sea," he said. "So we strike
back at the bases from which
they came. In international lsw
if violence is justified, it is
justified by something like
there. In fact, there is a great
er danger of escalation into a
larger conflict if we sit back
and do nothing.
O'Brien said he believed the
action was "proportionate" be
cause it was exclusively di
rected against the cause of the
aggression — the PT bases.
While admitting there is a
chance the incident would
"escalate" into a nuclear
struggle, he said the com
munist policy must have been
determined before the initial
aggression took place. As a
military action the communist
attack was "senseless," so it
must be concluded that the at
tack was an outgrowth of com
munist policy that is still un
clear to American observers.
EVEN while Americans dis
cussed the growing tension in
North Vietnam, the Vatican City
dally, L'Osservatore Romano,
warned against the use of vio
lence which might push nations
along the path to war.
In a front page editorial
(Aug. 6), the newspaper said
"the grave news from South
east Asia" should make world
leaders realize "that violence
resolves nothing and prejudices
everything, embittering 30uls
and pushing them to react."
The editorial went on to say
it was "difficult, not to say
impossible" for public opinion
to form a clear idea of the
"reasons, aspects, immediate
and long - term objectives of
these actions."
Documentary
NATAL, Brazil (NC) — A pro
duction unit of the Canadian
Broadcasting Corporation is
here to complete the filming
of a documentary report on
Catholic efforts in Latin Ameri
ca to achieve the aims of the
ecumenical council. The re
port is expected to be tele
vised in December.
Priest Honored
NEW YORK (NC) — Msgr.
Joseph T. Ryan, national sec
retary of the Catholic Near
East Welfare Association, has
received the Grand Official of
the Order of Independence de
coration from King Hussein of
Jordan, The monsignor, a native
of Albany, N.Y., also is presi
dent of the Pontifical Mission
for Palestine..
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ORTHODOX WEDDING IN CATHOLIC CHURCH—Because St. George Orthodox Church.
Phoenix. Ariz., could not accommodate all the invited guests. Rev. Anthony Gabriel,
pastor, asked permission to have the ceremony in St. Agnes Catholic church. Permission
was granted by Bishop Francis J. Green of Tucson. Here Father Gabriel is seen conduct
ing the Orthodox service at the altar in St. Agnes church for the wedding of Lynda
Saliba of Peoria, Ariz., and Kenneth Hadded cf Mesa, both parishioners of St. George.
Father Gabriel said that since he could ask for the use of another church it seemed right
that It should be a Roman Catholic church.
GULF OF TONKIN
Moscow Reaction To Viet
Attack On Ships Weighed
BY J. J. GILBERT
WASHINTON (NC) — Officials
here were slow to ascribe a
reason for the attacks upon
U.S. warships in the Gulf of
Tonkin area of the South Paci
fic. Some authorities professed
to be mystified, and one, only
recently returned from South
Vietnam, said "there are many
possibilities, but it would be
pure speculation to go into
them/*
In some quarters It was
thought the attacks might be part
of a larger plan which looked
to escalation of the fighting in
Southeast Asia. Others wonder
ed if the attacks were tests,
to see if the U.S. is a "paper
tiger," as the Red Chinese
have been telling their Asian
neighbors.
THE NEW problems arose in
Asia at a time when it was
being predicted here that
Soviet Russia would not agitate
international waters until after
this year's elections in this
country. Some observers
wondered if the attacks were
part of a Red Chinese attempt *
to "take the play away” from
Red Russia just at this time.
Various reasons were ad
vanced why Moscow, without
any announcement of its de-
RABBI WARNS
cision, might just quiet down
for several months period.
One explanation was that the
issues involved in the U.S. poli
tical campaign are such that
Soviet Russia would gain in the
long run by silence. Another
was that Soviet Russia is in
economic straits, and badly
needs our help.
Earlier this summer a
Senate subcommittee made
public a symposium of studies
which said Red Russia was fac
ing crises in agriculture, in
dustry, quality control, sup
plies of raw materials, and
planning. It said Moscow was
trying to increase its trade with
the U.S.; urged that the Western
nations develop a concerted
policy concerning trade with
Russia, and asserted the belief
that "a firm attitude on the
part of the West will produce
political concessions on the part
of the Soviets."
"SINCE THE Soviets require
our grain, our equipment, our
raw materials and our credits
as a matter of the greatest
urgency and perhaps even a
matter of survival, there is
every reason to believe that a
firm attitude on the part of the
West will produce political con
cessions on the part of the
Soviets, the study asserted.
This report did not provoke
much discussion. Perhaps
people in the U.S. believe it is
difficult to check actual con
ditions behind the Iron Curtain,
and trade with Russia is not a
popular topic of discuss ion in an
election year.
A development in recent days
has renewed interest in the
Senate study. A news report
from Moscow said Premier
Khrushchev had brought about
on his own initiative a meeting
with David Rockefeller, presi
dent of the Chase Manhattan
Bank in New York and a bro
ther of the Governor of New
York. Khrushchev had the
American financier fly to Mos
cow from Leningrad, where he
was attending a conference, and
in a talk "renewed his insis
tence that trade be increased
between the Soviet Union and
the United States."
ROCKEFELLER, the report
added, told Khrushchev that
there are a number of obstacles
to increased trade, including
legislation which bars the U.S.
from trading with Russia in
strategic materials, the Soviet
Union's failure to settle its $11
billion wartime Lend Lease
debt, and a lack of agreements
protecting patents and copy
rights.
Concern On Jewish
Statement Growing
MILWAUKEE, Wis. (NC>~
A Jewish leader has warned a
conference of Catholic nuns that
there is a growing concern and
anxiety in the Jewish commu
nity that the Vatican council's
statement on the Jews has been
watered down and may event
ually be discarded.
If this is true, said Rabbi
Marc H. Tanenbaum, national
director of the Interreligious
Affairs Department of the
American Jewish Community,
no one would be surprised if
major segments of the Jews
turn their backs on the whole
enterprise as another failure
of conscience of the Western
world with regard to the Jews,
THE RABBI addressed the
Sister Formation Conference
held at Marquette University
(Aug, 7).
'The many American bishops
who have in the most fraternal
ways fought to reassure Jewish
leaders of their personal sup
port of the Jewish decree in
its strongest form and who have
expressed publicly and privately
their optimism over the passage
of the decree, need to be made
aware of the growing skepticism
among Jews," he said,
"FROM THE newspaper re
ports and from other informed
sources, it appears that coun
cil parliamentary’ and voting
procedures announced several
weeks ago by the council secre
tariat is such as to reduce the
possibilities for open floordis-
cussion of this as well as other
decrees to a bare minimum.
"Given the experience of the
closing days of the second ses
sion (of the council) with regard
to the Jewish decree which was
introduced but withheld from a
vote, many Jews are openly pre
dicting a similar fate at the third
session. The decree will be in
troduced, those opposed to it will
find technical wasy to postpone,
to filibuster, and finally to
shelve the decree into limbo,"
he said.
RABBI Tanenbaum said re
ports that the decree has been
watered down have left a ter
rible negative reaction among
Jews, He said those in the "La
tin" and "Hispanic" world are
unaware of the effects this would
have on interreligious soli
darity.
"It will take literally genera
tions of effort to overcome the
divisive fall out in religious,
cultural, social and political
relation* that would inevitably
ensue should the Jewishdecree,
and with it, the religious li
berty decree, die at the third
session," he said.
There is little likelihood that
there will be any effort in the
near future to implement a sug
gestion that we increase trade
with Soviet Russia, even to gain
political concessions. At the
moment chief interest lies in the
fact that the Senate study may
have correctly gauged Mos
cow's economic sitution. If the
Russian Reds are in straitened
circumstances, their reaction
to latest actions of the Asian
Reds will be weighed even more
closely.
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