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‘EFFECTIVE BUT DIFFICULT
Agreements, Controversy
Mark Rhythm Symposium
BY RUSSELL SHAW
(N. C. W. C. NEWS SERVICE)
WASHINGTON — Rhythm
works and, correctly practiced,
is as effective for family plan
ning as most contraceptives—
but it isn’t easy.
This was the principal con
clusion emerging from three
days of discussion and debate
by experts at the first Inter
national Symposium on Rhythm
cosponsored by the Family Life
Bureau of the National Catholic
Welfare Conference and the Na
tional Federation of Catholic
Physicians* Guilds.
note talk that it is now 35 years
since pioneering work by Drs.
Ogino and Knaus established the
foundations for rhythm by show
ing that the time of ovulation
is related to the time of the next
menstruation, occuring in
most women 12 to 16 days be
fore.
BUT, Dr, Marshall said, com
paratively little has been done to
perfect the system and almost
nothing substantial by Catho
lics, who have the biggest stake
in rhythm since it is the only
form of limitation — apart
from total abstinence—sanc
tioned by the Church.
continence as a family planning
method for them has been about
the same as the effectiveness
reported in other studies for
contraceptive jellies, foam tab
lets and diaphragms.
Dr. Hilton A. Salhanick of
Harvard University, reporting
on research on improved meth
ods of detecting ovulation, said
detection is theoretically possi
ble at any one of several points
during the ovulatory process.
Currently, he said, the “best
bet" for an improved test ap
pears to lie in measuring tell
tale hormones in a woman’s
urine.
AUXILIARY BISHOP —
Msgr. George H. Guilfoyle,
whose appointment by Pope
Paul VI as Titular Bishop of
Marazanae and Auxiliary
Bishop of New York was an
nounced Oct. 21 by Arch
bishop E g i d i o Vagnozzi,
Apostolic Delegate in the
United States. Bishop-elect
Guilfoyle, since 1956 execu
tive director of the New
York archdiocesan charities,
is a former president of the
National Conference of Cath
olic Charities.
MORE than 300 doctors,
priests and other persons con
cerned with medical and moral
problems of family life attend
ed the symposium (Oct. 20-22)
which by coincidence came at
the same time that the ecumeni
cal council was taking up popu
lation questions in its debate on
the schema on the Church and
the world.
Speakers, most of them doc
tors, discussed many aspects of
rhythm and related matters, in
cluding future developments in
fertility control and the contro
versial "pill"—the oral pro-
gestins that prevent conception
by apparently suppressing ovu
lation.
SHARP, unscheduled debate
erupted several times on the
pill. The disputants raised such
questions as whether and how
these drugs may be used in con
nection with rhythm and wheth
er there is truth in charges
that they achieve their results
by contraception (creating the
implantation of a fertilized
voum in the wall of the womb)
as well as by suppressing ovula
tion.
But several doctors attacked
such claims and said there is
no sure evidence that the oral
progestins really work this way.
THE issue came to a head
when four doctors circulated a
mimeographed letter "urgent
ly" requesting a ruling on the
pill by the Church. The doctors
specialists in gynecology, said
the oral progestins work "in a
contraceptive manner." They
scored the so-called "sequen
tial" use of the drugs—-giv-
ing them from the expected time
of ovulation (around the 15th
day of the cycle) until the time
of the next menstrual period-
saying that, where ovulation has
already occured, the drug is not
needed and, where it has not oc
cured, the drug suppresses ovu
lation and acts as a contracep
tive. They further challenged
the use of the drugs to regula
rize irregular menstrual cy
cles, saying such treatment is
"ineffective because the men
strual periods ordinarily re
vert to their former irregulari
ty after the cessation of thera
py/’
THE letter came under sharp
attack from many of those at
the meeting, who disagreed with
its statements on medical
grounds or said they did not
feel that an "educational" sym
posium should issue "manifes
toes." Following debate, there
was no further effort to make
the letter an official statement
of the symposium.
Despite the clash on this and
other points, a broad consensus
did appear on many issues. It
was generally agreed that rhy
thm is an effective means of
family limitation—indeed, when
properly used, more effective
than some common artificial
birth control procedures.
IT WAS also agreed that
rhythm can be made more ef
fective by prudence—for ex
ample, by charting temperature
rises to determine the tme of
ovulation and confining marital
relations to the post-ovulatory
phase of the woman’s cycle. The
temperature method was held to
be much superior in effective
ness to reliance simply on so-
called "calendar rhythm."
But there was also general
agreement that not enough is
known about rhythm, that there
is an urgent need for more re
search, and that Catholics have
been remiss in sponsoring and
conducting such studies.
Dr. John Marshall of Lon
don, director of Britain's Cath
olic Marriage Advisory Coun
cil, noted in a hard-hitting key-
insisting that periodic con
tinence is "not folklore, not
mumbo jumbo," the British
nuerologist said studies have
shown that where couples limit
marital relations to the post
ovulatory phase of the cycle,
as determined by the tempera
ture method, the incidence of
pregnancy is less than one per
100 women per year.
MARSHALL accused Catho
lics of "timidity about new
knowledge" and said they have
not been nearly as active as
they should be in research to
improve the periodic continence
method and make it more wide
ly acceptable.
'K)ur love of our brethren who
are in need in this matter can
only be expressed by increasing
our knowledge about this rob-
lem,*' he said.
FATHER John C. Ford, S.J„
Catholic University of America
moral theologian and author,
with Father Gerald Kelly, S.J.,
of the 1963 book, "Contempo
rary Moral Theology II—Mar
riage Questions," said that
"just as a matter of fact" the
average couple desiring to
space children has morally ac
ceptable reasons for practicing
rhythm.
Later, during a panel dis
cussion at the end of the sym
posium, he added that the whole
problem of demonstrating ade
quate moral reasons for the
practice of rhythm has been
"exaggerated, and I despair of
getting it across to the older
clergy."
FATHER Ford noted that "for
many couples the attempt to
practice periodic concinence
may be an occasion of sin
against chastity.' If such dan
gers are actually present and
are "rashly courted," he said,
then the practice of periodic
continence is not morally per
missible. But where couples
have a "proportionate reason"
and act prudently, he said, the
risk is permitted.
Questioned about the morality
of the "sequential" use of oral
progestins, the Jesuit moralist
said it would appear that in
such therapy the drugs are being
used simply to suppress ovula
tion, Some doctors agreed,
while others disputed this con
clusion. Father Ford noted that
priests require accurate in
formation from medical men to
reach their conclusions on
moral problems related to med
icine,
WILLIAM H, Jarrett, Cani-
sius College sociologist who has
been analyzing data on rhythm
supplied by the Family Life
Clinic of the Buffalo, N.Y., dio
cese, said the "outstanding so
ciological fact about family plan
ning" is that the middle and up
per classes are "much more ef
ficient at it" than the working
classes. This "class bias" is
even more pronounced with re
gard to the effective pracrice of
rhythm, he added. Other speak
ers indicated that this had not
been the experience of the Mon
treal and Paris groups. They
said they had had greater suc
cess with lower economic or
"blue collar" groups.
Asserting that "normal pat
terns of medical care and spir
itual advice have failed to meet
the demand for Information
about rhythm," Jarrett said new
ways of giving information must
be found and exploited "to stem
the tide toward increasing de
pendence on illicit. • . techni
ques."
THE sociologist said studies
indicate that couples using
rhythm will typically vary in
efficienty between 60% and 86%,
He said a survey of clients of
the Buffalo clinic indicate that
the effectiveness of periodic
REPORTS on Catholic ven
tures in providing rhythm ser
vices on a mass basis were
given by representatives of the
Buffalo Family Life Clinic, the
Cana movement of Chicago, and
the Serena movement of Mon
treal. The Chicago and Mon
treal groups reported increased
effectiveness when rhythm ser
vices are on a "couple-to-
couple" basis, with lay couples
trained to give counseling to
others seeking help.
NEW PRESIDENT
SAN FRANCISCO (NC)~Fath
er Paul Boyle, C.P., of Louis
ville, Ky„ was elected president
at the 26th annual Canon Law
Society of America convention
here. He succeeds Msgr. Paul
Harrington of Boston.
aiii'
For the first time in the so
ciety's history a layman was
ciety’s history a layman was
elected to a national office,
Stephan Kuttner, who occupies
the newly established Chair of
Roman Catholic Studies at Yale
University, was chosen vice
president, Kuttner is a former
member of the canon lawfacul-
LISBON, Portugal (NC) —
Portuguese Foreign Minister
Alberto Franco Nogueira has
described the scheduled visit of
Pope Paul VI to India later this
year as a "gratuitous offense"
Administrator
LA CROSSE, Wis. (NC) —
Msgr. Charles W, Gille, vicar
general, has been elected ad
ministrator of the La Crosse
diocese by the 10 priest consul-
tors of the diocese. Bishop John
P. Treacy of La Crosse died in
a hospital here Oct. 11 of a heart
attack.
band and wife, thus permitting
the realization that in someeeeet
the realization that in some cir
cumstances couples may ex
press their love better by re
fraining from marital rela
tions.
THE symposium's closing
general discussionunderscored
both the broad areas of agree
ment and the sharp points of
conflict that had already ap
peared.
ty at the Catholic University of
America, Washington, D. C.
FATHER Peter Shannon of
Chicago was elected recording
secretary and Msgr. Clement
Bastnagel, dean of the Catholic
University school of canon law,
was reelected general secre
tary and treasurer.
Father Boyle, a member of
the Passionist Fathers, is a
native of Detroit and was or
dained to the priesthood in 1953,
He received degrees in theo
logy and canon law after studies
in Rome.
to Portugal.
The Pope has announced he
will make a brief trip to India
to attend the 38th International
Eucharistic Congress being
held in Bombay Nov. 28 to Dec.
6, Relations between Portugal
and India have been ruptured
since India took control of the
former Portuguese territory of
Goa on the Indian coast in De
cember, 1961,
Nogueira told newsmen (Oct.
21) that the papal visit is "use
less and unjust, carried out by
the head of the Catholic Church
against a Catholic nation."
Canon Law Society
Elects Kentuckian
Pontiffs Trip Irks Portugal
In connection with the Chicago
report, Father Walter J. Im-
biorski, directolof the Cana
Conference of Chicago, cited the
lack of Catholic research on
periodic continence and said
Catholic institutions have yet
to give "dollar one" for such
studies,
FATHER Imbiorski also
urged Catholics not to have
"closed minds" about the oral
progestins in areas other than
their use as contraceptives.
"Any request at this time to
close the question off is out of
the spirit of the times and out
of the spirit of the Church,"
he declared.
In disputes over public policy
on birth control, the Chicago
priest added, Catholics should
not try to hold a "hard line
until we are beaten into the
ground by the votes.*’ Instead,
he said, Catholics, acting in an
ecumenic&l spirit, should seek
mutually satisfactory arrange
ments with other groups in the
community.
SEVERAL doctors who ad
dressed the symposium were
sharply critical of their medi
cal colleagues, Catholic and
non-Catholic, who downgrade
standing it and who are unwill
ing to give women the persona
lized counsel they need to make
it work.
The need for proper atti
tudes toward sex as an essen
tial part of the successful use of
rhythm was stressed by Dr, and
Mrs. John C. Willke of Cin
cinnati. The Willkes, authors
of a new book on sex education
of children, said the marital act
must be seen as only one "ex
pression" of love between hus-
In a free-wheeling debate on
the oral progestins, several
doctors accused their Catholic
colleagues of being ’‘hypocriti
cal" in their approval of the
pill. A physician from Rhode
"Rhode Island irregularity”
and said he had never before
seen so many patients referred
- to him by priests for treatment
of supposed "irregularities" in
their cycles as in the past six
months.
WHEN one doctor cited stud
ies which conclude that the oral
progestins are "very safe" as
far as their side effects are
concerned, another retorted
sharply that it is a mistake to
rely on the testimony of drug
houses in such matters. "You’ll
have to be pretty simple-mind
ed to accept" the alleged safety
of one particular drug, he com
mented.
A priest stated from the floor
that one of the biggest problems
about rhythm is the "panic but
ton" approach of couples who
have had three or four children
in rapid succession and then
turn to periodic continence in
desperation. He urged that cou
ples be taught from the start
to develop patterns of behav
ior in their marriage that will
fit into the practice of periodic
continence when and if it be
comes necessary,
AT THE meeting's close, it
was announced that an ad doc
committee representing the
N.C.W.C. Family Life Bureau
and the Federation of Catholic
Physicians* Guilds was being
formed to examine ways of
implementing the vaious ideas
for cooperation and further
study put forward during the
symposium.
THURSDAY, OCTOBER 29, 1964 GEORGIA BULLETIN PAGE 7
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