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m 1 VO ‘SM3H1V snoisiaic sso11 is Iooov S3t«vaan V IOU030 JO A INft Z 800Z-H-C9 Nnr News Objective DECEMBER, 1962 8,400 More m wa ste igk i be eke: owl ink at ) k£ mai: sys- regr. ^roe Segregation-Desegregation Status egroes in Biracial Schools 7.8 Per Cent of Negro Pupils Are in Classes with W hites State Total School Districts With Negroes & Whites Deseg. Enrollment White Negro In Desegregated Districts W T hite Negro Negroes In Schools With Whites No. %tt Alabama . 114 114 0 527,075** 280.212** 0 0 0 Arkansas . 417 228 12 320,204*** 108,841*** 58,993 13,801 250 .230 Delaware . 87 87 87 74,417 17,073 61,045 11,684 9,460 55.4 Dist. of Columbia 1 1 1 22,141 110,759 22.141 110,759 87,749 79.2 Florida . 67 67 10 917,557 219,380 531,946* 99,292* 1,168 .532 Georgia . 198 182 1 668,548 327,656 58,629* 51,991* 44 .013 Kentucky . 206 167 150 610,000* 43,000* 460,000* 34,000* 22,765** 52.9 Louisiana . 67 67 1 451,778* 297,427* 39,352 59,428 107 .036 Maryland . 24 23 23 515,093* 152,667* 510,219 152,667 62,121 40.7 Mississippi . 150 150 0 297,419** 288,089* 0 0 0 — Missouri .1,633 214* 203* 766,800* 85,200* NA 75,000* 35,000* 41.1 North Carolina .. . 173 173 16 802,188 339,841 165,621 78,305 901 .265 Oklahoma .1,180 240 195 513,064* 41,600* 301,430* 34,493* 10,555** 25.4 South Carolina .. . 108 108 0 361,162 250,058 0 0 0 Tennessee . 154 143 25 671,348* 161,000* 289,096* 96,095* 1,817 1.13 Texas .1,481 919 174 1,951,613* 310,341* 1.100,000* 125,000* 6,700* 2.16 Virginia . 134 132 31 679,230** 221,037** 355,229 100,913 1,230 .553 West Virginia ... . 55 43 43 412,878* 25,250* 412,878 25,250 15,500* 61.4 TOTALS .... .6,229 3,058 972 10,562,515 3,279,431 4,366,579( 1,068,678 255,367 7.8 ‘Estimated **1961-62 ((Proportion of Negroes ***1960-61 (Missouri not included in schools with whites to total Negro enrollment. Southern Education Reporting Service ALABAMA State University Leaders Urge Calm If Negroes Are Admitted :tl & flu* s*\ ,e 4 < lo j d* * e" i< (io- v , ad* > iff * MONTGOMERY T'he University of Alabama’s Board of Trustees, President Frank A. Rose, the faculty and Alumni Council issued statements in November calling for law and order and a suppression of mob violence should Negro students be admitted to the campus. The university is still under a perma nent injunction, dating from the Au- Inerine Lucy case of 1956, to admit qualified Negroes. Miss Lucy, driven ' :om the campus by a series of riots, later expelled by the Board of rustles for accusing the university of ’■'net*® * n the disturbances. S. District Judge H. H. Grooms of J-mingham, the same judge who had ered .Migs Lucy admitted, upheld 'd: as a valid use of college y^Plinary authority. Miss Lucy had ; at tf*ded classes three days. 1956, the university revealed, [Kj. e S r °f5 -have initiated applications ’blure^ Com P^ e t ec t the required pro- Luth M t ntg0mery ° ct 19 ' Dr - Martin ‘m ri, • n . g dr ’> President of the South ed = “ ris t* an Leadership Conference, P r aDar U a° UnCe ^ tbat dve Negroes were v ers i t ec l to see k admission to the uni- ieast f ^ ater it was announced that at SSM V \? these had decided to wait. November.) Applications Received Th ^university reported receiving one SS N a PPhcation Oct. 24 from a Negro of tij’ 0Vem ber), unidentified because 'baling Umver sity’s policy against re- ve aduiiu^ 3 a PP bcants before they r ecej v ^ OV ‘ the university confirmed ^egr 0 5 t applications from two more Il ail ) Pnents in post-Thanksgiving Misj v* n . dec kning to identify them. Jt Al a k.’ Vla ^ M.done, now a student ’°v. jg ., a A & M at Huntsville, said 'ants— nr at she J v as among the appli- * A totaling three so far. c °tteg e , , ’ a state-supported Negro ducati on ° ,* s ma joring in business 11 Personr,'’ Wants to pursue a career Th e 2ft roanagement. •b ttttiverstf' r ~°l d Mobile student said at As,-,l °ffers courses not avail- ! s aid eg ? n unac credited college. s he j- e , oes not expect trouble S for ¥ She said s he was a jV ne , Wor d from the university. 3: l f her Sem ? Ster begins in Febru- ii, s he wil , applica t‘ on is denied, she lL^AACP PUrsUe it, probably seek- JV No assi f ance - !n Mobile, J. L. & e -iidS:t a t r , and p ° staiem - ■j is SDn Mobile Citizens Com- t tion. Sp ° ns °nng Miss Malone’s ap- ” a ced and resolutions (excerpts from texts acompany this report), called for law and order and the suppression of mob violence. President Frank A. Rose, in his re port to the Board of Trustees Nov. 9, warned against the dissipation of uni versity resources on lesser goals than academic excellence. The Board of Trustees responded, unanimously, by expressing its “deter mination that law and order must be maintained at all times on the . . . cam pus.” The board said it “will not con done, and will take such measures as It may deem necessary to prevent vio lence, riot or disorder.” The resolution was offered by Gess- ner T. McCorvey, Mobile attorney and prominent States Rights Democrat. It was seconded by Montgomery con tractor Winton M. Blount. A week later Blount was re-elected to a second term as president of the Alabama State Chamber of Commerce. Both are mem bers of the Board of Trustees. Alumni Council ■’-if,.Egroes f„ h !, POSsibi l it y °f admit- I . 4 n UI aUIIilL- Univ ersitv ° ‘ he al . 1 -white campus, ’ 111 a ser ies of statements The Alumni Council followed Nov. 10 with a similar statement, presented by Judge Dan T. McCall, president elect from Mobile, pledging support to the President and the Board of Trus tees. The council commended Gov. John Patterson and Gov.-elect George C. Wallace for their assurances that law and order will be maintained (see “What They Say”). The council also praised officials and citizens of Tusca loosa and Tuscaloosa County for their similar assurances. The council represents 60,000 Uni versity alumni. University faculty members adopted Nov. 14 a statement prepared and passed two days earlier by the Uni versity chapter of the American Asso ciation of University Professors. It said, in part: “. . . This institution must discharge its duties in a manner consistent with the law of the land. ... It is the duty and purpose of the faculty to teach all students at this institution. . . . Learn ing can flourish only in a peaceful at mosphere free from the threat of vio lence. . . .” The resolution, introduced by Dr. John Henderson, AAUP University chapter president, was approved as read to more than 600 members of the fac ulty and administration. j/\bout 8,400 more Negroes are attending public schools with whites in the Southern and border states this fall than were enrolled last spring. The 255,367 Negroes in desegregated elementary and high schools this fall are 7.8 per cent of the total Negro enrollment in the region. This compares with 246,988, or 7.6 per cent, last spring, making the increase two-tenths of one per cent. Enrollment in the 17 Southern and border states, plus the District of Co lumbia, totals 13,841,946 for the 1962-63 school year. This includes 10,562,515 whites and 3,279,431 Negroes. The number of desegregated public school districts rose from 912 last spring to 972 this fall, while the total of school districts dropped from 6,368 to 6,229 because of consolidations. The school districts include 3,058 in which both races live and 3,171 that are either all-white or all-Negro. Registration Closed The University announced Dec. 3 that registration for the spring semes ter, beginning in February, had been closed Nov. 30. No transfer student who had not completed registration by that day would be accepted for the second semester, according to President Rose’s instructions to the admissions records office. None of the applications of the three Negroes who seek admission had been completed by the deadline, the univer sity said. Registration for beginning freshmen was also closed. In the case of both classes of stu- (See LEADERS, Page 2) Record Compiled The record on desegregation in pub lic schools and colleges is compiled by Southern Education Reporting Service and is published annually in a Sta tistical Summary. The 1962-63 edition has just been printed and is ready for distribution. In addition to enrollment figures by race, it contains up-to-date information about teaching staffs, court cases, legislation and other subjects. When in May, 1960, the Statistical Summary first recorded the number of Negroes in schools with whites, the re gion had in this category 181,020 Ne groes, or 6 per cent of the total Negro enrollment. Subsequent surveys show ed these figures: November, 1960—195,- 625 Negroes in biracial schools, or 6.3 per cent; May, 1961—213,532, or 6.9 per cent; November, 1961—233,509, or 7.3 per cent; and last May—246,988, or 7.6 per cent. The new summary shows that 32.6 per cent of the region’s Negro students live in desegregated districts, but of these 1,068,678 Negroes, only 23.9 per cent attend desegregated schools. Border Area The border area (Delaware, the Dis trict of Columbia, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, Oklahoma and West Virginia) Hard Nut to Crack SOUTH CAROLINA Judge Orders Speed in Clemson Suit COLUMBIA A United States district judge ■t*- has ordered “full speed ahead” in the handling of Harvey B. Gantt’s suit to enter Clemson College and thus become the first Negro to enter South Carolina’s white schools. The jurist is 77-year-old C. C. Wyche, for over a quarter-century the judge of the Western District of South Caro lina and a former law partner of ex- Secretary of State and Supreme Court Justice James F. Byrnes and S.C. Gov.- Elect Donald S. Russell. Judge Wyche, concluding a three-day trial on Nov. 21, told attorneys that “time is of the essence” in the Gantt case. He is under pressure from the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals, which on Oct. 5 remanded the case to Judge Wyche with a request that it be han dled expeditiously so that any possible appeal could be heard in January. This would enable 19-year-old Gantt, of Charleston, to enter Clemson in January at the start of the second semester if the case is decided in his favor. Attorneys for Clemson and for Gantt agreed to submit written briefs on their arguments and Judge Wyche ordered them to begin work on them imme diately. He also directed the court ste nographer to give precedence to the case in transcribing it. To Work Over Holidays The judge, who has four weeks of heavy dockets facing him in up-state Anderson, where the Gantt case was heard, and at Florence in the lower sec tion of the state, said he would devote the Christmas holidays to a study of the records and the arguments in the Gantt case and have a decision by Jan. 1. (South Carolina’s federal courts are crowded because two of the state’s four federal judgeships are vacant due to one death and one retirement.) The November trial came after Gantt’s attorneys, headed by Mrs. Con stance Motley, of the NAACP’s New York legal staff, and Matthew Perry of Columbia, had been before Judge Wyche last summer. At that time, they asked for a temporary injunction to admit young Gantt, who then was en tering his junior year as a student at Iowa State University, to Clemson’s School of Architecture pending a trial of the case on its merits. Judge Wyche denied this injunction and so did the Court of Appeals, sitting in Alexandria, Va., on appeal. Two Major Points Gantt’s attorneys, who brought the case on behalf of the principal plaintiff and others similarly situated, made their case around two major points: • That Clemson has a policy of not admitting Negro students; and • That Gantt’s application had not (See JUDGE WYCHE, Page 8) Summary Ready The latest information on the status of desegregation in the public schools and colleges of the Southern and border states is provided in the 1962-63 edition of Southern Educa tion Reporting Service’s Statistical Summary, now ready for mailing. Developments for this school year, the ninth since the U. S. Supreme Court’s 1954 decision, are reported for each of the 17 states, plus the District of Columbia, that in 1954 had laws requiring racial segrega tion in their public schools. Several tables summarize information for the region and give comparisons with previous years. The Summary is available at one dollar a copy. has 475,549 Negro students, or 14.5 per cent of the region’s total Negro enroll ment. But this area has 243,150 Negroes in desegregated schools, representing 95.2 per cent of the region’s Negroes in schools with whites. The states of Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, North Carolina, Tennessee, Texas and Virginia, have 1,985,523 Negroes enrolled, or 60.5 per cent of the region’s total Negro enroll ment. The public schools in these eight states have 12,217 Negroes attending classes with whites, comprising 4.8 per cent of the region’s Negroes in biracial schools. Three states—Alabama, Mississippi and South Carolina—remain completely segregated at the elementary and high school levels. They have 818,359 Negro students, or 25 per cent of the region’s total. The District of Columbia reported a decrease in the number of Negroes in schools with whites this year. The fig ures for 14 states increased. In Missouri, Oklahoma and West Virginia, where only estimates of the Negroes in bi racial schools are available, the figures remained unchanged from those of last spring. District of Columbia Public schools in the nation’s capital have an enrollment that is 83 per cent Negro. The white enrollment continued to decline this fall and the Negro en rollment to climb. Last May, the Dis trict had 20 all-Negro schools with combined enrollments of 14,925 and five all-white schools with 2,100 students. This put 88,881 Negroes in biracial schools. This fall the District has 23,100 Negroes in 26 all-white schools, 1,066 whites in three all-white schools and 87,749 Negroes in biracial classes. Maryland experienced the greatest (See 255,367, Page 15) In This Issue Slate Reports Alabama 1 Arkansas 11 Delaware 11 District of Columbia 15 Florida 13 Georgia 4 Kentucky 6 Louisiana 5 Maryland 12 Mississippi 14 Missouri 13 North Carolina 6 Oklahoma 3 South Carolina 1 Tennessee 7 Texas 10 Virginia 9 West Virginia 8 Special Articles Regionwide Survey 1 Texts Statements in Alabama 2 Katzenbach on Schools 16