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Page 65
The Southern Israelite
of the
-when the High Commis-
(1 the sentences of twenty-
wenty-five condemned to
tnr three were executed.
. been under a cloud during
Zionists have charged that
undations of the Jewish
have been undermined by
titude. It is evident that no
rk is possible until a clefi-
- Miring policy is enunciated
•ii>tration. Until that time
• n the country is at a stand-
arp division between Arab
not helped by the hearings
ng Wall Commission of the
Nations toward the end of
Although it was evident that
monv made a fine impression
I.rago
the year.
Jewish tr
unissioners it is unlikely that
n will be cleared up, since the
! aders have refused to bind
t.. the decision of the Wailing
Wall ('oinmission.
editions in Palestine uncer-
II, nuns throughout the world have
, , !i | ,tral\ /t-d ; some estimate that there
I | . i< licit of $1,000,000 by the end
tif tlu- year.
Poland
The ec i omic situation in Poland, which
is In t ii oppressive to all elements of the
illation, has lx>rne with particular
weight on the Jews. The burden of tax-
fallen largely on the urban
f'ltient- \nd since the Jews form a
in most of the Polish cities they
been the victims of the dreaded
io>ver" tax, which is more ruinous
than tin taxes of any country in the
It lias not been denied that dis-
lioatit m against Jews is to be found in
'i' 1» ’ t v Old-time Czarist restrictions,
'till in torce. interfere with the activities
t Jewish traders and shopkeepers. Al-
tntli Hinds raised in America are sup-
'■ I to hr devoted to the relief of Jews
m ! the money is entirely inadequate
h with the situation which involves
three million Jews. Almost all of
tttt r from the economic system,
b' dish government has made re-
ost rtions of its friendliness to the
both officials in Warsaw and the
l r to the United States, Titus
have displayed a sympathetic
but nothing active has been done
■ some of the taxation statutes
been complained of.
anti-Semitic incidents have
np now and then, the most recent
that at Kovel. The explanation
wicz that this was in effect a
; ‘w) lends itself to credibility.
Rumania
mtry of Rumania is always as-
t large place in any review of
ar .v Jewish history. Liberal
lf or peasant control—the Jew-
' m remains the same. The
ich has been made that the
arty has been using its prom-
including Dr. William Filder-
h r to stir up animosity against
cabinet is too absurd to need
hat has happened in Rumania
past year has had no parallel
ays of the Kishineff program
I he general economic situation
! 'try has given the last fillip
ng anti-Semitism that has al-
hirmant in the heart of the
citizenry.
'btl was only a few days
'iirnl
c nten
Rnvrri,
chary,-
bibera
irn-nt
the p
denia
durii .
since
in D.
in th-
to a
ways
Ruma
The
old when Rumanian students began throw- I
mg Jews from trains. This was an old
pastime of the students and did not seem
to forecast anything unusual. Similar in-
cidents took place throughout the year.
Rut events took an entirely different turn
when, in the early part of May, Prof.
Alexander Cuza was elected to Parlia
ment. This not only returned to power
the only rival of Adolf Hitler for the
anti-Semitic leadership of Europe, but
served as an indication of the temper of
the population. From then on anti-
Semitism was on the crescendo. I^ooting
of Jewish shops, attacks on Jewish
passersby, the march of hooligans on
Jewish quarters and Jewish villages cul
minated with a conflagration at Roraz
which left 3,(XX) Jews homeless. The gov
ernment investigator reported that the fire
was not of incendiary origin. But the
Jewish population and a number of lead
ing Rumanian newspapers declare that
the evidence is irrefutable that Roraz was
destroyed by anti-Semites.
The fire at Roraz seemed to set all of
Rukovina and Transylvania aflame.
Some observers have felt that the low
price of wheat and the burden of taxa
tion drove the peasants into a frenzy
against the Jews, some of whom served
as bankers to the impoverished farmers.
Whatever the cause, the entire Jewish
population of Rumania has suffered. The
accession of Carol to the throne did not
make much difference, except that it coin
cided with a new spurt of excesses. The
government seems to be making a deter
mined effort to suppress the anti-Semitic
agitation. It realizes that its prestige in
the eyes of the entire world must in
evitably suffer. It is doubtful, however,
whether anything permanent—at least for
some years to come—can be done to stem
anti-Semitism in Rumania. It has become
ingrained into the peasant by a process of
education, by emulation of some of Un
political leaders. When these are thrown
into the discard Rumania will have a
change of heart as regards the Jew.
Russia
The Jewish situation in Russia is still
the province of rumor and legend Ih.*
outstanding event of the year, however,
was the liquidation of the Yevsektsia, the
Yiddish branch of the Communist Party.
It is generally admitted that it was the
Yevsektsia which was largely responsible
for the unfortunate situation of the Jews
as regards their religious activities. 'I he
Yevsektsia was largely a spy system com
posed of Communistic zealots. I heir
frenzy against Hebraism and Zionism de
termined the government's attitude. Rut
with that organization dispersed as repre
sentative of the Jewish population it is
believed that religious Jews in Russia will
have a breathing spell.
Whether due to protests abroad or to a
realization by the Soviet leaders of the
inadvisability of their vigorous anti-re
ligious program, a change has occurred.
Rut this general leniency has favorably
affected every interest of the Jewish
or the declassed, have been given a num
ber of privileges during the year which
place them on a footing with the pro
letariat. The custom of confiscating
synagogues, which has been in vogue since
the Revolution, suffered a decline when
the Soviet officials made it emphatic that
no synagogue was to be closed unless the
local population agrees. Another indica-
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