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The Southern Israelite
Page 41
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J. H. ROLL
WALL PAPER
(ioods—Artists Materials
Pictures and Frames
:t\ Fourth Avenue N. Phone 3-3*60
HUGH SEALES
Fresh Cut Flowers
ALSO
blooming and Decorative
nts 1 rom Our Own Greenhouses
Daily
TELEPHONE 31686
409 North 19th Street
A A
McLaughlin Coal Co.
! 4212 Convene Ave., Phone; 6-1974
1908 Ave. A, Phone 6-5362
1201 Arkadelphia Rd., Phone 3-4271
315 South 15th Place, S.W.—6-9034
A A
Pridal Bouquets—Cut Flowers
Funeral Wreaths
M
I lORST’S FLOWERS
EVERYTHING IN FLOWERS
FRED L HORST
= § =
Store 4-6294 — Greenhouse 9-6376
2437 Seventh Avenue So.
rn* infers — Surveyors — Draftsmen
Bethel W. Whitson
Company, Inc.
map makers
BLUE PRINTERS
'ces: 108) North 21st St. Phone 3-6670
V
John Cruse & Son
auto service
CRUSE, Pres, and Mgr.
s uth 23rd Street Phone 4-6360
The Jews in Sweden
By THELMA NURENBERG
Although Jews were said to have been
in Sweden during the time of the Vik
ings, there is no evidence to substantiate
this belief. Hugo Valentine in his "His
tory of the Jews in Sweden” states that
when the Swedes came back from their
predatory raids in Russia, they brought
with them many captives. Among them
were natives of Kazan. They had been
observed worshipping in a different man
ner, and supposedly a different liety than
the other natives. Description points a
great similarity to the Jewish custom of
worship, at that period. But the first J<w
to he officially recognized, and recorded
in Swedish court Chronicles was a !)r.
Phillipis Wulf, court physician to the
royal family in 1557.
I he earliest definitely known contact
between the Jews and Swedes was in the
eleventh century, when the Polish anil
German Jews visited Sweden as traders.
But it was not until the period of the
Reformation, when Europe began to stir
with intolerance and persecution, that the
German Jews began to migrate to Sweden.
The first official acquiescence to Jews
as subjects came during the time of
Queen Christine, one of Sweden's most
enlightened and tolerant rulers. She ex
tended an invitation to men of science and
letters to come to her court. Dr. Bened c-
tus de Castro (Baruch Nehcmias, 1597-
1984) of Hamburg, a mail well known as
a scientist—was urged to come to her
court. On establishing himself, Dr. De
Castro entered into communication with
Manassah ben Israel, describing the pos
sibilities of the land for his co-religion
ists. A few Jew's responded to his invi
tation. Before R»85 there were no rules
pertaining to Jews, therefore there were
no obstacles preventing them from living
and trading in Sweden. And as they never
tried to make converts of the Sw'edcs,
(as did the Catholics) they were gen
erally safe from intolerance and persecu
tion.
By the 18th century Lutheranism had
not only become the state religion, but
the Swedes had developed an intensity for
religion which was paralleled only by the
Catholics in Spain and Portugal; with
the difference, however, that its natural
outcome, intolerance, resulted not in per
secution, but in a gradual elimination of
rights for non-Lutherans. Prohibitive
edicts enacted were promulgated for Jews
as well as Catholics. Among the thirteen
prohibitive acts were—no franchise, no
court protection, therefore no right to
sue. no Jew could hold a state position,
no political influence of any kind, in
institutions for religious observances and
educations, religious ceremonies and fes
tivities were not permitted, and partici
pants were brought to trial, they could
live only in a prescribed area, and in the
three cities of Stockholm, Gottcburg and
Marrk >ping. They were not permitted
membership of the guilds, and while they
could own and operate stores and fac
tories, they were not permitted to be ar
tisans. Also, they could not own land.
Gustavus III was favorably disposed
towards the Jews, whom he recognized as
a positive asset for the economic develop
ment of his country, due to their genius
for commercial pursuits, and associated
them with the growing prosperity of this
country, lie had plans to introduce free
exercise of religious rights for foreign
ers—and tolernace once more became
Sweden’s attitude towards the Jews. In
1775 Aaron Isak, a poor Jewish engraver
from Brandenburg, Germany, wrote to
his friends that the D>rd Mayor of
Stockholm gave the Jews permission to
build a synagogue. Aaron Isak en
couraged his friends to migrate to Swed
en- and he formed a little German com
munity in Stockholm. He wrote his mem
ories and left to Swedish Jews their only
records of Jewish life in Stockholm dur
ing the 18th century.
On January 24th, 1781, a tolerance
edict was decreed which abrogated many
of the thirteen prohibitive rulings. Then
Jews began to migrate to Sweden, from
Poland and Germany. In 1815 the first
known census of Jews was taken, and the
figures totalled 785, although it is said
that there were numerous Jews who were
not included in this census. Some of the
leading Jews in Sweden today trace their
ancestry to the Jews who were enrolled
in that census.
During the first decade of the 19th
century, when streams of Jewish popula
tion flowed into Sweden, many of them
jjoverty stricken families who were un
able to adjust themselves economically in
Sweden. Swedish people brought com-
(Continued on Page 46)
Roberts Radio Repair Shop
EXPERT REPAIRS AND INSTALLATIONS
GEORGE ROBERTS, Service Manager
4000 Third Avenue S. Phone 9-6028
A. R. LONG, Pre*ident
H. P. CULLIGAN, Vice-President
ALBERT ALLISON, Secy.-Trea*.
J. H. MOORE, Sales Manager
Brookside-Pratt Mining Co.
PRODUCERS AND SHIPPERS
High Grade Steam and Domestic Coals
BROWN-MARX BUILDING
Birmingham, Alabama
SANITARY MARKET
J. A. NORRIS
2029 Second Avenue N. Phone 3-7637
vv
Wansley Battery Co.
Willard Storage Batteries
M
10 Years Service and Sales
Henry H. Wanaley, Prop. & Mgr.
611 South 2Ut Street Phone 4-0023
SUNBEAM COKE-COAL
COMPANY
Phone 7-15 83
Willis P. Woodruff, Manager
==§==
▼ ▼
Ball & Dyer Electric Co.
General Contractors
905 South 22nd Street Phone 7-2314
▲
▲
STANDARD AUTO
SERVICE CO
“Flat Rate Labor Charges”
R. O. BRANNON, Prop.
1714 Sixth Avenue N. Phone 7-4652
= § =
vv
PHOENIX CAFE
J. H. LOWE, Prop.
vV
1766 Second Avenue Phone 4-9665