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Rome and
H\ Fnw vi</> I)
After twenty years of Fascism, Mus
solini has reduced himself to the role
of Hitler s Gauleiter in Italy. Today,
the descendants of the Orman bar-
Itarians who destroyed the Roman
Km pi re are promenading among the
nnmuments. the palaces and triumphal
arches of Rome. They stroll on the
Roman Forum where the Arch of I i-
tit" stands. Gestapo agents, Nazi tour
ists and members of the army of oc
cupation are casting arrogant looks
on their preferred monument the
arch of the Kni|ieror who was a fore
runner to their Hitler.
live years ago, Mussolini illumi
nated the Arch of Titus with bright,
multicolored reflectors to please his
guest, the Fuehrer, and to pay him
homage during bis five-day visit in
Rome. He then adopted the Nazi ra
cial credo and inaugurated the policy
of subsen ieuce which made Italy "an
unhappy, abject, subject province of
Germany.” to use Churchill's incitive
expression. I nder Nazi pressure, the
Italian Jews are facing da\s of anx-
iel\ and the \rch seems to come to life
again with the recurrence of tragedy.
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For nearh 2,000 \ears the Arch of
litns lias been standing in the "Kter-
nal City.” To the tourists, it meant
one more beautiful ruin in the eitv of
ruins. To the Romans, it was a re
minder of the glory that was Rome.
To the native Jewish population it
brought home the epilogue of Jewish
national indejiendenee.
I he \rrh of l itns along with the
Wailing Wall in Jerusalem are the
onl\ yisihle monuments related to the
final and tragie chapter of tin* Jew
ish struggle for independence. That
the Roman Kmperor must have felt
sure of his victory over the people of
Israel and proud of his conquest may
be gauged from the fact that the tri
umphal arch in his honor was erected
on the highest spot of the "Sacred
Road." along which the victorious pa
rades of ancient Rome used to march
on their way to the Capitol.
It is significant that while motives
of single battles are represented on the
arches of Constantine and Nero, the
scene of the triumphal march pro
ceeding along the "Via Sacra" is
carved on the Arch of Titus: Roman
legionaires with their "fasces." sena
tors in long, draped togas, soldiers
with shields hearing the names of con
quered cities, oxes destined as sacri
fices to pagan divinities. An aged
man. leaning on an urn representing
the riyer Jordan yyas drawn by three
legionaires. Rivers in ancient Rome's
mythology were symbois «f con
quered. subjugated provinces.
Jerusalem
>. Klkinlkher
The most impressive arid significant
detail among the sculptured orna
ment' on the Arch, however, is the
Menorah. tin- seven-branched candela
bra of the Temple of Jerusalem, yvhich
was carried into Rome at the head of
l itns" triumphal procession.
For generations, the Romans in
their native piety have gazed upon the
Menorah and wondered what all this
glory meant. They even called the
\reh “Ami della Lucerna," and
created innumerable legends and epi-
sodes relating to the presence of the
Menorah in Rome. There yyas a wide
spread conviction that the Menorah,
the tropin plundered from the Tem
ple of Jerusalem, brings ill lurk and
tragedy u|h>u those who have it in
their midst. They believed the dese
cration of the Jewish Temple could
not pass unavenged. Therefore, Km-
prior Maxentius. haunted by the pop
ular legend, ordered the removal of
the Menorah at the climax of the Hat
tie of I’ons Milvinm. in 306 A. 1).
\iid it v\as east into the Tiber.
\fler many generations, the people
of Rome still firmly believe that the
Jewish candelabra is lying at the bot
tom of their river. There is no doubt
that many a pious Italian associates
the present debacle with the age-worn
legend of the avenging Menorah.
# * #
The Jews of Rome never pass the
\rch of l itns. There was a tacit un
derstanding and enduring sentiment
against it. The inhabitants of the
Homan ghetto admonished their chil
dren who plaved and strolled among
the wreckage of the Forum to avoid
the \rch. It is also said that Jewish
officers and soldiers of the Italian
army, which entered Rome in 1H70.
dropped out of the ranks when they
approached the Forum and the Arch
of Titus.
In the hearts of the Jrv\s of Rome,
direct descendants of those prisoners
that Titus brought to the shores of
the Tiber from Jerusalem, the Arch
ever arouses poignant memories of
humiliation and sufferings. It sym
bolizes the destruction of the Temple
of Jerusalem, the sorrow ful event
which is marked on tin* 9th of Ah.
I he Arch on the Roman "\ ia Sacra
spells to Jews throughout the vxorld
tears and mourning for the homeland
they had, and the splendor that they
knew in the land of Israel. This year,
more than any other in the bi-millen-
nial history of the Diasporah. brings
out the black gleam of the Arch more
boldly and casts its shadows more
gloomily.
The Arch of Titus has never car
ried more significance, and borne
more sorrow, to the Jews than today.
[14]
The Southern Israelite