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• V' From the Harbinger.
f : GAMA GRASS, ^
* Its culture. recommended—-tctih some remarks
, .’ upon the genus Tripsacinn, and its species.
The grass which passes under this popu-
( IajpfiQHic, atid which is known to botanist&iui)-
daetyloides, and
.'t\$qnpstacfiyoh, has acquired a coiisidera-
t; ’bie degree of celebrity, and promises to be.
• came of ranch value to the agricultural inter,
estsof the Southern States. White the nor.
them and western portions of our country are
provided with a variety of valuable grasses,
suited to their climate and soil, the alluvial
portions’ of the Southern States age entirely
destitute of these usful auxiliaries : for, I be.
lieve, 'tbat ia these, neither clover, timothy,
. herd’s grass, orchard grass, nor any of those
grasses derived from northern climates have
proved, nor ever will prove'extensively ben-.
, eficial. The consequenco is, that through-
» out this extensive .portion of .country, no - hay
• is made, and the only native product relied
on'as provender for horses arid other cattle
is the , dried blades .of Indian corn. Hence
* the planter’s stock is generally stinted during
• • winter, and the products of his dairy- render-
cd extremely meagre; and butter, cheese,
*and even hay-for horses, are imported from
the north into the southern towns.' On the
.-contrary, the Guinea gross, so much valued
in the West India Islands, would probably
, prove hut an annual plant in this climat
that, is, the roots, as well as the stem and the
: leaves, would die from the effect of frost.—
- -The same circumstance destroys the value of
our crab-grass, (Digihiri-. sanguinaiis) and
our crowfoot grass, (Eleusine indica,) for
these are both annuals. They perish with
the approach of .winter, and arc renewable
-. only fron# the seed. Under these circiim-
stances, the ’ gama grass presents unusual
claims to our attention. It is a native of the
' alluvial, soil of the Southern States, grows
. well, ip every variety of soil, yields a most
abundant crop, and is a perennialplant, that
is* its roots preserve their ^vegetative powers
through the winter, and the crop is renewed,
-fhcseveral successive years, without the ne.
cessity of re.planting. The Zealous advo.
cates of this grass have assured us that it will
yield from 70 to 90 tons of green hay, or from
20 to 00 ions of cured bay to the acre. But
if there should be any exaggeration in this,
• we may reduce the estimate one half, and the
product will still remain ample enough to
:..make its cultivation highly profitable. Ten
tons of cured hay is equivalent to twenty five
ordinary'stacks of our fodder, and thus the
product jof fivo acres of gama grass would
equal 125 stacks of corn blade fodder! which
• is more than is obtained from 800 acres of
corn-on common soils, v -
..-It -appear*,that the attention of the Amer-
_ icon public was first drawn to thi.* grass by
,3 Mr* Hardeman, of Missouri, and Mr. Mag.
t^goffin of Alabama. These gentlemen repre.
. sent it a9 wonderfully prolific ; and recently
-W; B. Mcares, Esq. an enterprizing andskil-
jnl agriculturalist of this State, who has under,
taken the cultivation of it, confirms, in a great
degree, the previous statements of those gen.
tletnen.' Mr. M. has tried it in stiff pine
landb, and in loose, sandy soil, manured, and
found it to grow well in both situations. The
seed, when planted, should be put in drills,
from eighteen inches to two feet apart, and
hand.hocd once or oftener if necessary. In
the course of the first season they spread and
cover tiie whole surface. During the second
jaay be. cut once a month from May
to November. I do not know for what num
ber of years the same roots will continue to
yield fair crops, but probably for three or
four—perhaps more.
The genus Tripsacnm^ to which the Gama
grass belong^ according' to Nuttrfll, is exclu
sively North American, and consists of only-
two species, T. Daetyloides and T. Mon-
ostaphyofi,indigenous to the Atlantic coast and
theptairies of the Western States ; thus re-
jeering the species mentioned by Michaux
under the name of T. Cylindricum, having her
maphroditc flowers, and growing in Florida.
I find mentioned, however, in Loudon’s “En
cyclopaedia of. plants,” a species under the
name of Thripsactim hcnnapl roditum, said to
inhabit the West India Islands, and to be us.
ed there as provender, and it is difficult to re
sistthe conclusion that it is identical with the
T. Cylindricum of Michaux; having hermaph
todito flowers.
The characters of this genus are very accu
rately given inNuttall’s “ Genera of North
American Plaqtq,” and may be rendered
thus: Flowers morioicous, disposed in spikes
(with'an articulated or .jointed rachis) which
nre solitary or aggregated, upon flowers mas
culine or sterile, brought together by pairs,
thqdowcr jertile, the exterior valve indulated,
closing the excavation in which the seed is im
bedded, but perforated by two small holcsat the
base,and atwo-parted appendix for the egress of
the two styles,which are plumose & exserted.
The species T. Daetyloides is thus described
by Elliott: “Spikesnumerous, (3 to 4,) ag-
giegate; florets sterile near the summit, fer
tile at the baseand in his extended de
scription thus: “Flowers in the terminal
spikes; spikes three to four, bearing flow
ers on one (tho interior) side. Fertile florets
two to four, at the base of the spike, sittin
in the excavations of the jointod, scabrous,(f|
somewhat triquetrous rachis.” This descrip,
tion does not mention the spikes which ter
minate the branches of tho stem, and con
toms some errors. It may be given more
correctly thus: Flowers in terminal spikes
spikes of ■ the stem aggregate, two to four,
bearing flowers,sometimes alternately on two
sidj^spihetunes ,oa one,the exterior side. Fer
tile florets, four to fourteen, at the base
the spike. Spikes of the branclps solitary,
and somewhat cylindrical,” (precisely like
those of the T. Monostachyon.) These ag
gregated spikes represent a. cylinder-cloven
into two or more parts, and when brought
together recompose a isomewbai cylindrical
* body like a single spike of T. MouosUcliyo
The species T. Monostachyon appears to
differ from the preceding only in having all
its spikes solitary and nearly cylindrical.—.
Elliott indeed represents it as smaller, and
its leaves less scabrous or rough; but these
are not very important characters, and may
be caused by circumstances. Accordingly
Pursh has suggested. that T. Monostachyon
is but a variety of T. Daetyloides; and al»
• ough Elliot and Nuttnll havfe not recogni
zed the propriety of the suggestion, yet there
is strong probability of its truth. Mr. Herbe-
mont, of Columbia, South Carolina, in a re
cent publication, has advanced the opinion
that these species are one, .and grounds it on
the following facts ; He received some seeds,
all from one source, and 'planted them, one
portion in his garden, and another in his-farm
where the soil is not so rich as in his garden.
On examining the plants, he found some with
solitary spikes, and some with aggregated
spikes terminating the stem, whije those of
the branches were solitary. At the farm,
the proportion of single spikes was greater
than in the garden; and again, the, propor-
tion at the farm varied with the. quality of the
soil! thus apparently establishing the fact
that one of the species (as they have been
supposed) runs into the ether; and that there
fore they are not distinc t species. Mr. Her-
bemont proposes therefore to abolish both of
these specific names, and to substitute a third,
suggesting for that purrose, Tripsicum Gama,
in honor of the Spanish.gentleman who is
said to have introduced its culture into Mex
For myself, I have a preference for
ICO.
characteristic names, and as we* know so little
of the person to be commemorated, I will
suggest the appropriate name of Tripsacum
Heterostachyon, in allusion to the diversity
of its spikes.
. This plant appears to possess a surprising
adaptation to variety of. climate, as well as of
soil, growing spontaneously in the prairies of
the West and along the Atlantic coast from
New-Englond to Florida, (see Nuttall, Elliott,
Eaton.) In this State it has been found on
the Neusc, near Newbcra, by us, and on the
Cape Fear river in the counties of Brunswick,
New Hanover and Bladen. It can be pro-
pagated by its roots, as well as by its seeds.
U. B. C.
Newbem, 25th Aug. 1833*
From the American Farmer.
Method of conserving Gooseberries, Orlean
Plums, G.’een Gages; Damsons, Peaches,
Nectarines, and Bullaces.
Let the fruit be cleaned, picked, and not
too ripe, put it into wide-mouthed, or what
are called goose berry bottles: let the hot-
ties be filled as full as they can be packed,
and stick the corks lightly into them: then
place them upright in a saucepan of water,
heated gradually to about 100 or 170 deg.
F- ; tha^. is, till the water feels very hot to
the finger but does not scald. Let this de
gree of heat be kept up for half an hour, then
remove the bottles one by one, and fill them
up to within half an inch of the cork with
boiling water, when cold let the cork be fit-,
ted very close, and lay the bottles on their
sides, that the cork may be kept moist by
the water. To prevent fermentation and
mould, the bottles may be turned once or
twice a week for the first month or two, and
once or twice a month afterwards. When
applied to use, some of the liquor first poured
off may *serve to be put into the pie, or pud.
ding, instead of water, and the remainder be
ing boiled up with a little sugar, makes a rich
and agreeable syrup.
The fruit ought not to be cracked by the
heat: some trials were made by keeping the
bottles in a heat of 190 deg. for three quar
ters ofan hour, but the fruit was reduced near
ly to a pulp. It is also advisable that the
fruit be not quite ripe, nor should it bo bruised.
Some fruits may be preserved in a seccu-
lent state by being kept in water, without
boiling. This is practised in regard to the
cranberry: it also succeeds with the smaller
kind of apples. All pulpy fruits, such as dam
sons, dec., if gathered when not quite ripe,
and not wounded, may likewise be preser
ved, by putting them into dry bottles, so as to
exclude the air, by scaling over the cork, and
then burying them in a trench with the cork
downwards.
our own partial inquiries. These facts we
mention, merely to guard against .-any defi
ciency you may observe in ojir remarks,
and any inaccuracies, should there be such,
in the details which we communicate.
As the Expense Account embraces the
various expenditures for salaries, making and
" _ >$f...butt.
dings, repairs, and, taxespn real estate, station
ary, printing and contingencies of ail kinds it is
necessarily so large and in tricate, that we deem
ed it expedient at present to confine our in
investigation to that portion which embra
ced expenditures, calculated. to operate on
the elections, as they seepa^ito be the ob
jects of inquiry suggested by you. All ex
penditures of this kind introduced into the
Expense Account, and discovered by us, we
found to be, so far as regards the institution
in this city, embraced under the head of Sta-
tionary and Printing. To if, therefore, we
chiefly directed our inquiries; and an exami.
nation of that item of the account, for the last
three years, undoubtedly presents circumstan
ces which iu our opinion, fiilly warrant the
belief you have been led to entertain.
The Expense Account is made up at the
end of every six months, and submitted with
the vouchers to the Dividend Committee, for
examination. Commencing with, the last six
months of tho year 1829, we" find "that the
hum paid for Stationary and Printing amounted
to 83,765,94, which we presume to be the
necessary expense, of the. institution, under
this item, when nb extraordinary disburse
ments are made. During the year 1830,
the expenditures inereased fo 87,131 27 du
ring the first, and 6,950 20 during the last
half year, and entries are made in both, of
large sums, making together, about 87,000,
paid for printing and distributing Mr. M’Duf-
fie’s report and Mr.Gallatin’s pamphlet. These
seem
Gaflatin on Banking, and 2,000 copies' of
Professor Tuckers’ article.
During the second half year of.1831, the
item of stationary, and printing was 813,224-
87, of which 85,010 were paid on orders of
the President and stated generally to-be un
der the resolution of March 11th, 1831, and
other sums were paid to individuals, as. in the
previous amounts for printing and distributing
documents.
During the first half year of 1832, the item
of stationary and Printing was <812,104 16,of
which 85,010 are stated .to have been paid on
orders of the President, under the resolution
of March 11th, 1831. There are also vari
ous individual payments, of which we notice
106,38 to Hunt, Tardiff & Co. for 1,000 cop-
ies of the review of Mr. Benton’s speech,
200 for 1,000 copies of the Saturday Courier;
1,176 to Gales & Seaton fo; 20,000!. copies
of “ a pamphlet concerning the Bank,” and
6000 copies of the minority report relative to
the Bank ; and 1,800 to. Matthew St* Clair
Clarke for « 300 copies of Clarke & Hall’s
bank book.”
During the last half year of 1832, the item
of stationary and printing, rose to 26,543 72,
of which 6,350 are stated to have been paid
on orders of the President, under the resolu
tion of the 11th of March, 1831. Among the
specified charges we observe 821 78 to Jas-
per Harding, for printing a review of the ve.
to ; 1,671 04, to E. Olmstead, for 4,000 cop
ies of Mr. Ewing’s speech, Bank Documents,
and Review of the Veto ; 4,106 13 to William
Fry,for 63,0Q0 copies of Mr. W ebster’s speech;
Mr. Adams’ and Mr. M’Duffie’s reports, and
the majority and minority reports ; 295 for
14,000 extras of «the Protector,” containing
Bank Documents '; 2,583 30 to Mr. Riddle
for printing and distributing reports, Mr.
Webster’s speech, dec. ; 150 12 to Mr. Fin-
to be the commencement of a system i nail, fair printing the speeches of Messrs. Clay,
of expenditure which was the next year, im- Ewing and Smith and Mr. Adams’ report;
mensely increased, and receive!) the sanction
of the Board, as appears by the entries on
the minutes, and two resolutions passed at
the close of this year and jn the succeeding copies ■ of Mr. Webster’s speech. There is
spring. J ' j also'a charge of 5,040, paid on orders of the
On the 30th November, \l830, it is stated President, stating that it is for expenses in
in the minutes, that « the, President submit. \ measures for protecting the Bank, against a
1,512 75 to Mr. Clarke, for printing Mr.
Webster’s speech and articles on the Veto ;
and 2,422 65 to Nathan Iiale for 52,500
ted to the Board a copy t <\f,an article on
Banks and Currency, jiist published in the
run oh the Western Branches.
During the first half year of1833, the item
American Quarterly Review, of this city, of stationary and printing was $9,093 59, of
containing a favorable notice of this institu- ; which $2,600 are stated to have been paid,
tion, and suggested the expediency of making ! on orders of the President, under the resolu-
the views of the author morp- extensively ; tion of the 11th of.March, 1831. There is
known to die public, than they, can be by also a charge of Messrs. Gales & Seaton of
means of the subscription list—-whoreupon it ■ 800, for printing the Report of the Exchange
was, on motion, Resolved, That the Presi. j Committee.
dent be authorised .to take such measures, in i Having made this .examination of the Ex-
regard to the circulation of the contents of | pense Account, we were not only struck with
the said article, either in whole or in part, as j the large sums that had been expended, un-
he may deem most for the interest of the jder the head of stationary and printing in the
Bank. On the 11th March, <1831, it again : two years to which you refer, but also to that
appears, by the minutes, that « the President • evident necessity there was that the accounts
stated to the Board, that in consequence of the should be so stated, as to enable'the Directors
general desire expressed by' the Directors, at and Stockholders to ascertain the particular
one of their meetings of the Ipst year, subse- sums of money paid, the quantity and names
we offered; as an amendment, .the following
resolutions : “Resolved, that while this board
repose entire confidence in the integrity of
the President; thpy respectfully request him
to cause the particulars of the expenditures,
made uflder the resolutions of the 30th of Nol
veraber, 1830, and the 11th of March, 1831,
to be so stated, that the same may be readi.
|y submitted to aiid examined by the.Board
of Directors and the Stockholders. Resol.
yed, that the said .resolutions be rescinded,
and no further' expenditures be made under
the same.”
Ibis amendment met with the same (ate as
bur previous resolutions, being rejected by
the same vote, and the resolution offered as a
substitute was passed.
These, sir, are the circumstances attending
the best examination we have been able to
make in regard to the matters referred to us,
by yoUr letter of the 3d instant. Should they
not prove sufficiently miuute^or our report
sufficiently explicit, we must infer, firom the
course pursued by the Board, when our reso
lutions were submitted to them, that a more
exact statement can only be obtained, by an
agent directly authorized by the Executive.
We have the honor, to be,
With great respect, yourob’t. servts.
H. D. GILPIN,
JOHN T. SULLIVAN,
PETER WAGNER,
HUGH McELDERRY.
• - --
We see that the opposition press are ex
tremely solicitous to avail themselves of the
weight of Secretary Cass, as being peculiarly
inimical to the views of the President in rela
tion to the removal of the Deposites. It is
true Governor Cass deemed it inexpedient to
remove the Deposites under existing circum
stances, but he thought the mere question of
removal, an overrated one.
He gave no written opinion as we said, but
stated his views verbally to the President.
In allusion to these circumstances, we spoke
yesterday of his indifference in regard to the
matter, and trust the opposition will not again
assert as a means of sustaining themselves
that he anxiously opposed the measure, or
assume that he, in any degree approved the
conduct of the Batik as exposed in the Presi
dent’s opinion delivered to his Cabinet.—
Globe.
quentto the adjournment qf Congress, and a
verbal understanding, with, the Board, ..meas.
of the documents furnished, and the expenses
of distribution and postages. With this ob.
ures had been taken by him in the course of! ject we stated, at the 'last meeting of the
that year for furnishing nmnerons copies of j Board, tho result of our examination of the
ilcUtCcal.
REPORT
Of the Government Directors of the Bank of
the United States to the President relative to
the Printing Expenses of that Institution.
To the President of the United States:
Puiladelphia, August 19, 1833.
Sir—Wo had the honor* to receive your
letter of the 3d instant, directing us to exam
ine and report upon the Expense account of
the Bank of the United States, for the last 2
years. Those of us to whom it was address
ed, requested the attendance of our colleague,
Mr. M’Elderry, to assist us in the examina
tion. On his arrival, we proceeded to inves
tigate the various charges, and to look in
to such of the vouchers on which they were
founded, As we had time and jopportunity to
do. These are so numerous, and embrace
so many small items of various kinds, that a
full view of them can only be given to you,
by transmitting copies, made by some person
authorized or requested by you or the Secre
tary ofthe Treasury. The time and labor
necessary for this mode, would have preven
ted our resorting to it at present, even had
you authorized vs to do so, for wo have be
lieved it would be more consistent with your
wishes, that we should at. once report the re
sult of our own labors, leaving you to decide,
after you shall have be en made acquainted
with them, whether such a more minute state
ment of the Expense Account be requisite.
We may add, too, that finding the particulars
of many expendituros were to be ascertained,
only by an investigation of numerous bills and
receipts, we requested, a t the Board, 1 that the
Cashier might furnish such a statement of
them as might be susceptible of ready exam
ination ; but as this request was not complied
with, wo wero obliged to depend entirely on
the reports of General Smith and Mr. M’Duf.
fie, on the subject of the Bank, and for wide,
ly disseminating their contents, through the
United States ; and that he has since, by vir
tue of the authority given him by a resolution
of this Board on tho 39th day of November
last, caused a large edition of Mr. Gallatin’s
essay on Banks and currency to be published
and circulated, in like manner, at the expense
of the Bank. He suggested, at the same
time, the propriety and expediency bf extend,
ing, still more widely, a knowledge of the
concerns of this institution, by means of the
republication of other valuable articles, which
had issued from the daily and periodical press
—whereupon it was, on -motion, Resolved,
That the President is hereby authorized to
cause to be prepared and’circulated, such
documents and papers as may^ communicate
to the'people information in regard to the
nature and operations ofthe Bonk;”
In pursuance, it is^resumed, of these res
olutions, the item of stationary'.and printing
was increased, during the first half of the
year 1827,to the enormous smh <Lf $29,079 92,
exceeding that Ofthe previous half year by
$23,000, and exceeding the semi-annual
expenditure of 1829, upward* bf $26,000.
The Expense Account itself, as made up in
the book which was submitted to us, Contained
very little information relative to the partic
ulars of this expenditure, and we were* obli-
ged, in order to obtain them, tb resort to an
inspection of tho vouchers..*' Among other
sums was one of $7,891', Stotedlo be paid on
orders of the President, tinder the resolution
ofllth March, 1831, -and the orders them-
selves were the only vouchers of the expen.
diture which we found .ym file—some .nf the
orders, to the amount of about, $1,900 stated
that the expenditure was for distributing Gen
eral Smith’s and Mr. M’Duffie’s reports,
and Mr. Gallatin’s pamphlet; but the rest
stated generally that it waf mai|e, under the
resolution of March 11th, 1831, v There were
aiso numerous bills and receipts for expend!
tures to individuals ; among them of Gales
& Seaton, $1,300 for distributing Mr. Gal
latin’s pamphlet; of William Fry for Garden
& Thompson, $1,675 75 for 5,000 copies Qf
General Smith's and Mr. M’Duffie’s reports,
&c.; of Jesse Harding, 8410 . for .11,000 ex
tra papers ; of,the American Sentinel $125.
74 for printing, folding, packing,and postages
on 3,000 extras ; of William Fry, $1,830 27
for upwards of 50,000 copies.of the National
Gazette, and supplements containyig address
es to members of the State Legislatures, re
view, of Mr. Bentoq’s
Mr. Gallatin’s articles.
Quarterly Review, and editorial article on the
projeet of a Treasury Bank ; of joules Wil
son, $1,447 75 for 25,000. copies of tho re
ports of Mr. M’Duffie andMr.'’ Smith, and for
25,000 copies of the address to members of
the State Legislatures, agreeably to order
and letters from- John -Sergeant, JEsq. and of
Carey & Lea 82,850 for. 10,000 copies of
We understand (says , the Washington
Globe of the 27th ultimo,) that the following
Banks have been selected by the Secretary of
the Treasury,for the deposite ofthe money of
the United States, in the places where they
are respectively situated. The change to be
made on the first of October next:
Baltimore—The Union Bank of Maryland,
Philadelphia—The Girard Bank.
New York—The Mechanics’ Bank.
“ The Manhattan Company*
« The Bank of America.
Boston—The Commonwealth Bank.
« The Merchants’ Bank.
Expense Account, and submitted. the follow,
ing resolutions: ’
“ Whereas, it appears by the Expense Ac
count of the Bank for the years 1831 and
1832, that upwar~ls of eighty thousand dol-
lars were expended and charged under the
head of Stationary and Printing during that
period—that a large proportion of this was
paid to the proprietors of newspapers and pe
nodical journals, and for the printing,- distri
bution and postage of immense numbers of
pamphlets and ’ newspapers—and that about
twenty thousand dollars was expended, under
the resolutions of 30th November, 1830, and
11th March, 1831, without any account ofthe
manner in which, or the persons to whom the
same were disbursed. And whereas it is
expedient and proper, that tho particulars qf
an expenditure, so large, and unusual, which
can now be ascertained ouly by the examine
tion of numerous bills and receipts, should be
so stated as to be readily submitted to and
examined by the Board of Directors and the
Stockholders. Therefore, Resolved, That
the Cashier furnish to the Board, at as early
a day as possible, a full and particular state
ment of all these expenditures, designating
the sums of money paid to each person, the
quantity and names of the documents printed
by him, and his charges for the. distribution
and postage of the same ; together with as
foil a a statement, as may be, ofthe expend!
tures on orders, under the resolution of 30th
Nov. 1830, and 11th March, 1831. That
we ascertain whether expenditures of the
same character have leen made at any of the
offices, and if so, procure similar statements
thereof with the authority on which they were
made._. ‘ That the said resolutions be rescin
ded, and no further expenditures made under
the same.”
These resolutions were postponed on the
motion of one ofthe directors, for the purpose
of introducing a substitute for them, by the
vote of all present, except ourselves and one
other member of the Board. The resolution
substituted was as follows : “ Resolved that
the board have confidence in the wisdom and
integrity ofthe President, and io the propriety
ofthe resolutions ofthe 30th of November,
1830, and the llih of March, 1831, and en
tertain a full conviction of the necessity of a
renewed attention to the object of those reso-
Unions; and that the President be authorised
and requested to continue his exertions for
the promotion of s'aid objects.”
Viewing this as indicating an intention
(which was indeed avowed) to continue, and
even extend, tho system of lavish expendi
ture^ and to authorize disbursements, tho par.
ticulars of which could not be clearly asce’r
tained either by the board or their constituents.
And regarding it also as evincing a desire
to encounter our remonstrances, against the
continuation of such a system, by a reference
of the personal character and motives of the
President of the Institution (which were not
drawp into discussion or question by us)
The following Banks, in addition to thi s
heretofore mentioned, have been selected by
the Secretary of the Treasury as depositories
ofthe public money. We uaderstand that
sufficient information has net yet been receit-
ed.to enable the Secretary to complete his
a ra tgements, but it is expected that the whole
w.l, oe accomplished in a few weeks. And
in several places where only one Bank is now
selected it is probable another will be added.
Maine Bank, Portland Me.
Commercial Bank, 'Portsmouth, N. H.
Bank of Virginia, Richmond, Va.
Do. Branch of, at Norfolk, Va.
Bank of South Carolina, Charleston, S. C.
Planters’ Bank of Savannah, Savannah
Geo,
The Branch ofthe Bank ofthe State of Al>
abama at Mobile.
Planters' Bank of Mississippi, Natchez, Mis.
The Union Bunk of Tennessee, Nashville.
The Franklin Bank of Cincinnati, Ohio.
by personal observation, by information and
from the Map, we think a rail way could be
constructed on it cheaper than on any we
ever heard of. From Macon, you have bat
moderately hilly country for the first 19
miles, till you gain the ridge between Sandy
and Commissioners creek, which you follow
io the Oconee. Leaving- the Oconee, the
heading the waters of
the Ohoopie, and', traversing, as we are in.
formed, a very level foufitry. till yo.u” strike
the bea'd of the Ogeeqheeas it flqws out of
Jefferson county ; andCihancewitfi thfc Ogee,
chee on your left,"you have an almost unin.
terrupted level, to Savahnah; ^ crossing the
Ogeechee where you please; Init probably
before you get out of Bulloch county, so as to
head the waters of little Ogeechee.
These two routes marked out by the. finger
of nature herself, lead from the best markets
into the very heart of the wealthy planting
regions of the State. And every planterto
the West or North is equally interested with
those by whose doora these roads would go;
for his distance from market is shortened as
much by cutting,off ten miles from one end
of his journey, as from the other. It is indeed
more for the benefit of the planter in Do
Kalb for instance, to-have ten mUes of bis
distance talcqn off of the further eqd, than
from that nearest home; for in the first case,
his wagon stops ten miles short of Augusts
or Savannah, which distance is therefore en.
tirely saved; whereas, if his cotton was taken
from his own door and carried ten miles, and
there put down, he must go there with big
wagons and take it up. It is therefore mas.
ifest not only that those of our people wbo
live farthest from market and grow, as they
generally do, the heaviest articles, are most
deeply interested in getting forward the means
of cheap and rapid transportation, but that
their interest is also best promoted, by their
being commenced at the farther end.
Suppose, for round numbers, a rail way
from Macon to Savannah* to cost $5,000 per
mile, which is a liberal estimate; and sup.
pose the length to be 200 miles, which is cer
tainly beyond the truth of the case. The
cost will then be one million of dollars.
The shipments of cotton from that place la
the season of 1828-9 was about 45,000 bak,
which by a gradual increase had reached at
the lastseason (the fall and winter of 1832.3,)
to between 70 and 80 thousand bales. Had
the preceding crop season been good, it
would probably have nearly reached 90 thoo.
sand. Instead of a'hundrcd and twenty a
thirty thonsand bales per annum, let us csti.
mate her down freight for the future at no more
than 100,000 bales, and instead of $2 00 or
$2 25 now given, put it down at $1 50 per
bale. This freight amounts to - $150,000
The up freights are generally
considered as nearly equal. We
will estimate them, however, as
equal to 60.000 hales of Cottonma
king . 00,000
The travelling and way freights
including the lumb r from the for
ests, all along the route,, though it
will amount to more than all the ebt- ' '
ton now sent from Macon, we will
put dowQ at only two-thirds of the
supposed up freights 60,000
Making gross amount of freights
per annum, 300,000
Now deduct from this, such a ‘
sum as, with the interest on it, will
at thq end often years, replace the
rail road; supposing against all pro
bability that then it must be built
anew , $60,000
Deduct also, ten per cent on the
original investment, 100,000 160,000
Elections in BaltisIohe.—The opposi
tion in Baltimore presented no candidates.—
Mr. Heath, Jackson Republican, has succee
ded by 218 votes over Mr. Howard, the late
member. Mr. M’Kim, a firm and original
firiend of General Jackson, and supporter of
his Administration, has probably succeeded
over-Colonel Stuart, (a* Clay man,) in the
District composed of Ann Aurundel—part of
Baltimore and Annapolis. The Jacksonians
ofthe Mechanics’ party have succeeded for
the Assembly by an average majority of 1,500
over the regularly' nominated ticket. San
derson, (a Jackson man,) elected Sheriff.—
Globe.
£utcrn«U Ktnptofcement.
From the Georgia Journal.
Rail Roads.-—Begin at Augusta, and trace
with the point of your knife, a course nearly
os the road is marked on Wellborn’s and
Green's Map of the State, from Augusta to
Warrenton. Thence nearly with the road
by Crawfordville, keeping between the wa.
ters of little River on the right, and. the wa-
ters of the Ogeechee, and afterwards those of
the Oconee to the left, on through Taliaferro,
Greene, Oglethorpe and Clark to Athens.—
Thence ascending between the North and
Mulberry forks of the Oconee, by Jefferson,
you keep on a dividing ridge till you get with
in 4 or5 miles of Gainesville, whore you come
to tho mountains. In this whole route you
cross no considerable stream, except the
North fork of the Oconee. Small head bran
ches of smaller streams there doubtless are,
which sometimes interlock, forming occasion
ally considerable undulations of surfuce, but
as their tendency all is to a level as they ap
proach the diriding ridge, a level,, or nearly
a level can. of course-be obtained, by curving
Or raising and excavation, or partly by each.
This is one natural route, high into, the inte
rior, which probably will best be joined from
Putnam, a little West bf Warrentoii, and from
Greenesboro’, some 8 or 10 miles'North West
from that towd.
Another natural route is from Macon to Sa
vannah. From what we know of this route
$140,000
It seems to us that all these estimates mqst
be considered too low. The freight down
and up the whole line, without extending it to
Columbus, which certainly would be done,
will before than .web ave stated it.; .and the
freight from intermediate points and the tra*
veiling must yield much more.* The price
of freight may be higher .than our estimate,
if necessary, for at the present, or even high
er prices, such is the safety and quickness of
this mode of transportation, that it must mo
nopolize all tho business; and we see upon
this cautious estimate, that a dividend of ta
per cent, is paid to the stockholders; enough
is laid by to re-construct the road, at the end
often years, and a hundred and forty thousand
dollars is left to defray the incidental and |
contingent expenses. We know of no route
in the Union where the receipts must be so
immediate and so large in comparison with
the investment.
We have no data from which to form so
ready an estimate of the earnings of the oth
er route ; but any comparison between them
would be idle,' when it is manifest to us, that
with such agricultural regions West of theiU)
they both will, as m every other instance we
have beard of, outrun all the sober qaleuto.
lions that have or will be made for years to
come. The upper route may and probably
will be somewhat more expensive in'the con.
struction; but the freight it will command,
will be equal, and probably even greater than
that ofthe lower one. 4
.We are now at the dawn'of a new era.-—
Fifty—nay thirty years will produce a grea
ter change in the condition of most civilized
countries, and add more to the mass of so
cial comforts, than, five centuries heretofore
have done. Some faint idea of this may
be conceived by the stupendous miracles,
that steam has wrought on the watery but
what that hits accomplished and will periorin
on' navigable rivers, rail ways will do eve
ry where; trad more than that ; for rivers
oven with the aid of that mighty agent; arb
to become secondary in speed, cheapness and
salety of transportation. It is not worth the
while of anyone to sit down and predict the
astonishing changes, that almost the annihila-
tion of time and distance is soon to produce.
It would look so like the visions of a heated
imagination, that every one who is careful of
his reputation for discernment, fend jealous far