Newspaper Page Text
CONGKESS.
Union necessarily implies the destruclion of done, unless (hey were prepared to yield the
• - Correspondence of the Charleston Mercury.
Washington, Jan. 24, 1S42.
'Seriate. To day, after receiving and refer
ring a large number of memorials'on the sub
ject of the Bankrupt law, Mr. Clay’s joint reso
lutions for the amendment of the Constitution
were taken up, and he addressed the Senate
for about an hour and a half in their favor.—
He contended that the Whigs had come into
power pledged to carry out, substan’ially the
principle of these resolutions—the restriction
of Executive power. Mr. Preston replied at
considerable length to Mr. Clay, and contend
ed that any alteration of the Constitution would
be perilous, and would he, in fact, a breach of
the compact of Confederation. He took strong
ground in favor of the Veto, as an eminently
conservative power, exercised by the mo t
Democratic branch of the Government. Mr
Buchanan then obtained the floor, and on his
motion, the further consideration of the sub
ject was postponed until Monday next, to-mor
row being assigned for the consideration of the
bill to repeal the Bankrupt law.
House of Representatives. Mr. Adams
claimed the right to proceed in his defence
against the charge of monomania; bnt the
House decided by a vote of 91 to 76 that he
had already said enough on the subject. Mr.
Wise then asked the opportunity to reply to
attacks made upon him by Mr. Adams; but
(his was laid upon the table, ayes 101, noes 78.
Mr. Adams then moved that the petition
charging him with monomania he received,
and referred to the committee on Foreign Re
lations, with instructions to select another
Chairman if they thought proper; but giving
notice that he intended to debate the motion of
instructions, it lies over. Mr. Gilmer inquired
if the Committee on Foreign relations could
notact on the subject without instructions.—
Mr. Adams said that the Committee could de
cide that point. Mr. Gilmer said they would
have an opportunity of doing so, as he would
bring the question before them. Mr. Adams
then •presented various Abolition petitions,
fvhich were excluded under the rule. He
tjien presented a petition of inhabitants of Ha
verhill, (Mnss.) praying Congress to adopt
measures peaceably to dissolve the Union of
these States,—because r.o Union can be agree
able or permanent, which does not present
prospects of reciprocal benefits; 2d. Because a
vast proportion of the resources of one section
of the Union annually drained to sustain the
views and course of another section, without
tyiy.ndequnte return ; and 3d. Because, judg
ing from the history of past nations that
Union, if persisted in, in the present course of
things, will certainly overwhelm the whole
nntion in utter destruction. This paper is
signed by forty six names of citizens .of Ha
verhill, many of them said to be easy la their
circumstances, and respectable in their stand
ing ; and every one of whom is said to he an Ab
olitionist. Upon the presentation of it there
was a very general burst of indignation from
the Democratic members and some of the
Southern Whigs, whom the occurrences of
the post few days have awakened from a delu
sion under which they have been long labor
ing, and who seem very much disposed to
shake ofT their allegiance to a parly which en
courages the fanatic while he holds the knife
to their throats, and tiie brand to their dwel
lings. Several motions were proposed in rap
id succession, by Messrs. Hopkins, Wise,
Holmes and Chapman, to reject the petition
and burnt it in the presence of the House, to
lay it on the table and print, to declare the
presentation of any such petition as cause for
censure, &c. but before any definite action
was had thereon, the House adjourned.
Thus has another day been passed in wit
nessing the vagaries of the honorable mono
maniac of Massachusetts. Public business
completely at a stand, the Treasury not only
without a cent in its coffers, hut bankrupt
for more than a million of dollars, and
yet Mr. Adams has been aided and counte
nanced by his Whig friends in consuming the
time of the House. Even some of the South
ern Whigs have assisted in this, when they
could dc it covertly. Mr. Stanly for instance
on Saturday last, though he . refused to vote
when the yeas and nays were called, on the
pretext that he did not understand the ques
tion, yet he passed through the tellers in favor
of permitting Mr. Adams to make the speech
in which he denounced with such fierce and
angry invectives the institutions of the South,
'l'hi's has had one good cfiect, in opening tiie
eyes of some of the party, and from some de
monstrations mad? by Messrs. Ray tier of North
Carolina and C. H. Williams of Tennessee, it
would not be very surprising should they soon
bid adieu to Whiggery and forever.
Washington, Jan.25,1842.
Senate. To-day a resolution w as adorned
after considerable debate, which directs that
hereafter no claim which has been once repor
ted on unfavourably, shall be again consider
ed, without the introduction of new testimony,
declared under oath to be important. Tiie
adoption of this rule was strongly urged by
Mr. Calhoun two years ago, but the Senate
were not ripe for it. The Bill to repeal the
Bankrupt law was then taken tip, and Mr. Ber
rien spoke for more than two hours in opposi
tion to the bill. In the course ofhis remarks,
he referred to the instructions of his Legisla
ture, to vote for the repeal of the law, and de
clared his intention to disobey theta. The
fate of the bill is extremely doubtful, and is
supposed to depend on the vote of Mr. Man-
gurir.
House of Representatives. The various
appropriation bills were reported from the
Committee of Ways and Means. The Treas
ury Note bill was then taken up, the question
being on concurring in the amendments of
the Seuate. Mr. Sprigg addressed the House
tor some time in opposition to the amend
ments. He contrasted the professions of the
Whigs, (declaring himselt to be one) on the
score of entrenchment and economy, with t he
expenditures of last year, and the estimates tor
the present, and declared that if the party
would not stick to its principles, he would.—
His remarks were arrested by the expiration
of the morning hour, and the consideration of
the unfinished business of yesterday was re
sumed.
The first question was the motion to lay Mr.
Gilmer’s motion on the fable. This was' neg
atived, ayes 94, noes 112. Mr. Marshall then
submitted ns a substitute the following;
Whereas the Federal Constitution is a per
manent form of government and of perpetual
obligation, until altered or modified in the
mode pointed out hy that instrument, and the
members of this House, deriving their politi
cal character and powers from the same, are
sworn to support it, and the dissolution of the
that instrument, the overthrow of the Ameri
can R: public, and the extinction of our nation
al existence. A proposition, therefore, to the
Representatives of the people, to dissolve the
organic law framed by their constituents and
to support which they are commanded by
those constituents to be sworn, before they can
enter upon the execution of the political pow
ers created by it, and entrusted to them, is a
high breach of privilege, a contempt offered to
this House, a direct proposition to the Legis
lature and each member ol it, to commit per
jury ; and involves, necessarily, in ns execu
tion and its consequences, the destruction of
our country and the crime of high treason.
Resolved, I'hcrefore, That the Hon. John
Q. Adams, a member from Massachusetts, in
presenting for the consideration of the House
of Representatives of the United Slates, a peti
tion praying the dissolution of the Union, has
offered tiie deepest indignity to the House of
which he is a member; an insult to ihe people
o| the United Slates, of which the House is
the Legislative organ, and will, if this outrage
he permitted to pass tin rebuked and unpun
ished, have disgrar ed his country, through
their Repres ntatives, in the eves of tiie whole
world.
Resolved further, That the aforesaid J. €1.
Adams, for this insult, the first of the kind ev
er offered to the government, and for the
wound which he has permitted to be aimed,
through his instrumentality, at the Constitu
tion and existence of his country, the peace,
the security', and the liberty of tiie people of
these Stales, might well be held to merit ex
pulsion from national councils : and the House
deem it an act of grace and mercy, when they
only inflict upon him their severest censure for
conduct so utterly unworthy of his past rela
tions to the State, and his present position.—
This they hereby do for the maintenance of
their own purity and dignity; for the rest
they turn him over to his own conscience and
the indignation of all true American citizens
At the close of the reading of the resolutions
there was a spontaneous burst ofapplause on
the floor, and in the galleries. Order being
restored Mr. Marshall in some very appropri
ate and eloquent remarks advocated the adop
tion of his resolutions.
Mr. Adams spoke half an hour in reply ;
and, though declining logo generally into his
defence until he ascertained whether the House
would entertain the resolutions, he insisted on
the propriety ofhis course, and the right of the
petitioners to make known their grievances
and demand redress. To preserve the Union,
he said, it was uecessajy that the free States
should be protected in their rights, and the
light of petition more especially, and without
this the Union could not long exist. He was
followed by Mr. Everett of Vermont, who
moved that the further consideration of the
resolutions be postponed until Tuesday next.
whole, which would be the effect of the aban
donment of this law.
The morning hour having expired,
Tiie Senate then took up the bill of the
Uonse of Representatives to repeal the Bank
rupt Law.
Mr. Benton resumed and concluded Ids re
marks from yesterday.
Mr. Williams explained the reason why he
should led himself bound to vote against the
repeal of the law. The State of Maine was in
favor of a bankrupt law to afford reliefto honest
and unfortunate debtors; and although he
wished to see the law of last session greatly
amended, and also extended to banking corpo
rations, yet believing the wishes of his State
did not extend to its repeal, lie felt that he
dionld best discharge his duty in voting as he
intended.
The question now being, Shull the bill pass?
Mr. Clay demanded the yeas and nays;
which being ordered and taken, were—yeas
22, nays 23, as follows :
Yeas—Messrs. Allen, Archer, Bayard, Ben
ton, Buchanan, Calhoun, Fulton, Graham,
King, Linn, RlcRoberts, Morehead, Pierce,
Prentiss, Rives, Sevipr, Smilhof Connecticut,
Sturgeon, Tampan, Woodbury, VVright, and
Young.—22.
Nays—Messrs. Barrow, Bates, Berrien,
Choatr, Clay, Clayton, Evans, Henderson,
Huntington, Kerr, Mangmn, Merrick, Miller,
Phelps, Porter, Simmons, Smith of Indiana,
Southard, Tallmadge, Walker, White, Wil
liams, and Woodbridge—23.
So the bid was rejected.
Before the vote was announced,
Mr. Mangum remarked that he had been re
quested to account for the absence of the Sen
ator from So. Carolina, [Mr. Preston.] That
Senator, by special appointment to attend to
some business with the Senator from Louisi
ana, [Mr. Mouton,] had paired off with that
Senator.
Mr. Clay moved that when the Senate ad
journ, it adjourn till Monday next; which
motion was agreed to.
On motion of Mr. Clay, the Senate then ad
journed.
House of Representatives. The journal
having been read,
Mr. Lewis Williams moved a call of the
House, which having-been carried,
The roll was called ; when it appeared that
170 members answered to their names.
ATHENS, GEORGIA..
FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 1849.
REMOVAL.
The Office of the Banner has been removed to the
new wood building a few yards west of the Post-Office.
on the principal thorough-fare through town ; where or
ders for job printing, advertising or new subscriptions
will be thankfully received; and receipts Jor dues already
incurred by our various patrons, made out and signed
at short notice.
The doors were then closed, and the absen
tees called, when it appeared that there were
201 members present.
On motion by Mr. Fillmore, further procee
dings under the call were dispensed with, and
The House resumed the consideration of
the resolution submitted by Mr. Marshall, to
censure Mr. John Quincy Adams, a member
of that House, for having presented a petition
from certain citizens of Haverhill, Massachu-
To Correspondents.
Longwood,” can have his communication return
ed, upon application, by paying the 23 cents postage
which it cost us. *
Mr. Flournoy’s remarks upon Liebig’s Organic
Chemistry of Agriculture and Physiology, will proba
bly appear next week.
Editorial Change.
The “ Southern Whig” has again changed hands.—
Doct. Fi.int, who for some time past has been con
ducting the editorial department, has tetired, and his
place is supplied by P. Clayton, Esq. whose saluta
tory appears in the last number. We welcome Broth
er Clayton to the fraternity, and trust that amid the
toils and vexations of an Editor’s life, he may meet
with those substantial rewards which arc necessary
to give him comfort and encouragement on his way.
Cultivation of Tobacco.
Most of our readers have probably seen among the
list of Legislative enactments, notice of one es
tablishing a Tobacco inspection in the town of Athens.
This law seems to us to be one of considerable im
portance to the people of this section of country.—
Cotton in this region has almost ceased to be a profit
able crop, and in many of the upper counties it cannot
be cultivated to any advantage at all. It consequent
ly beomes necessary that those of our people who
are dependant upon agricultural pursuits, should se
lect some other article of cultivation which may yield
them a betterreward fortheirlabor—and perhaps at this
time no cropwould be more profitable than thatoftobac
co. The price ofthis article is much greater than it was
when formerly cultivated here; and with a little care
in preparing the land, it might be made to produce as
much as it ever did. The advantage of having in
spectors at this place, is that the article may be pre
pared for market near the points of cultivation, and
thus the producer will be able to realize tiie same
prices as are obtained in other sections of the country.
Attention being turned to the subject, and an increas
ed number of persons being engaged in its produc
tion, manufactories will be established, additional
skill will be acquired ; and a trade may he soon es
tablished which will add largely the productive wealth
of this portion of the State.
As this is the season for making arrangements for
planting, we throw out these suggestions for the con
sideration of our agricultural friends.
Too little attention is paid to the practical operation
of proposed statutes, or to the practicability of en
forcing them. Evils are seen to exist, and laws are
made to remedy them, but in many cases the remedy
is as bad as the disease. Laws are eriacted, toe
harsh in their provisions, and too speedy in their op
eration, to be sanctioned by public opinion; hence
they are not enforced, and soon become a dead let
ter upon our statute books. We might instance some
in our own state, but they will readily occur to the
mind of the reader. The consequence is, that those
laws which are just and equitable in themselves, do
not exert the proper influence upon the minds and
conduct of our citizens. This we regard as a seriou#
evil.
The remedy will be found in returning to the good
old way from which we have departed. Let us
change our habits of thinking and feeling. Let it be
considered as more honest and honorable to gain in
dependence and wealth by working for it at some
useful and productive business, than by seeking it in
gambling in stocks, dealing in lots in imaginary cities,
or issuing shin-plasters. Drive away the idea that
show and parade are better than utility and comfort;
and let our individual tastes conform to the simplici
ty of our Democratic institutions. We will then rear
again a bulwark of integrity and virtue, which shall
protect us from the follies we have lately indulged,
and from the evils under which we are now suffer
ing. Let our legislators study more carefully to
adapt their enactments to the genius and spirit of the
people—let them make practicable as well as just
laws—and such scenes as those mentioned in the
beginning of this article, will he of rare occurence.
He said it was a subject which demanded the ! setts, to dissolve the Union.
greatest deliberation that could be bestowed
upon it, and it became them to look well to
the consoqnonros before they proceeded in it.
In his opinion, il these resolutions were pass
ed, it would be the initiatory step to a dissolu
tion of the Union which would l>e effected,
peaceably if they could, forcibly if they must.
Mr. Wise followed in reply to Mr. Adams,
and Showed by « documentary evidence dint
ever since he had been hurled from power by
the South in 1S28, he laid evinced the most
deadly hatred to that section of the Union, and
in furtherance of that hostility he was now
lending himself as the agent of the British
party to effect a dismemberment of this glori
ous Confederacy, determined to ruin if he
could not rule.
Without concluding, Mr. Wise yielded to a
motion for adjournment, which was carried.
It is hardly possible to conjecture what wili
be the result of the debate commenced to day ;
bnt be that as it may, it is time that the con
troversy was settled, and that the South knew
what she has to expect. The lrieuds of the
constitution however, iu the promptitude of
the present movement, have taken the incen
diaries at a disadvantage, and if it is followed
up courageously but prudently, it will result
in their annihilation.
FOR THE SOUTHERN BANNER.
Mr. Chase,—I send you for publication my annual
list of the deaths in Athens. Our town has enjoyed
during the last year an extraordinary degree of health,
the mortality not having reached one half of the
amount of 1839 and 1840. The deaths in 1841 have
been only 18, while those of 1839 were 40, and those
of 1840-were 38.
The average of the three years is lower by one half
than that of the principal cities of the Union, and
as I have reason to believe that my lists have been
full and accurate, we may be assured, that our town
is one half more healthy than these cities.
As far as a judgment can be formed from the ac
counts of the last three year3, no one season of the
year seems to bo more unhealthy than another. If
any difference at all exist, the spring months appear
to have the greatest mortality.
To whatever cause it may he attributed, the deaths
in the lower part of the town in proportion to the pop
ulation, are yet a little greater than those in the mid
dle and upper parts.
In the following list of the deaths in Athens for
1841, the letters M and F in the second column, stan
ding for Male and Female, indicate the sex of the de
ceased, the third column refers to the color, the fourth
contains the age, and the fifth the part of the town
[The proceedings of the 26th and 27th, were con
fined, in tbo Senate, to the consideration of the bill to
repeal the Bankrupt law, and in the House, to a dis
cussion of Mr. Marshall’s resolutions censuring Mr.
Adams.]
From the Globe of Friday, Jan. 2S.
Congressional Analysis.
Senate. After the presentation of the peti
tions, and the reception of reports from com
mittees, during the morning hour,
Mr. C lay presented several remonstrances
on the subject of the Bankrupt law, and em
braced that opportunity, the only one which
would be afforded him before action on that
subject, to make some remarks against Us re
peal. He knew that if this isolated question
of a bankrupt law was presented to Kentucky,
she would vote against it. But lie knew too
well her magnanimity—although this law
might to a very limited extent affect her inter
est injuriously—that when she was told it was
of vital interest to the other Stales of this Con
federation, and that it could not be passed un
less as a part of the system of measures, to
suppose that she would icfuse her support to
U. " he people ol that State, in a spirit of
sympathy, would say if the measure was de
manded hy the interests of the other sections
ofthe country, they would yield their object
ions to the one measure, and take it as a part
ofthe system. He pledged his life for it, that
when Kentucky was told that this was a link
in the great system of whig measures, inclu
ding the Bank and all, she would say, pre
serve Ihe entire system, rather than reject the
Bankrupt law. These measures of relief were
as necessary now, as they were at the extra
session. There was no return of public pros
perity, that we might dispense with them.—
The reverse was too true. All the considera
tions that existed at the extra session for their
adoption, ex'st much stronger than at that
at that time. They were not likely to be di-
raimshed inthe future. The circumstances
with which they were then snrronded presen-
ed to his mind a sad and gloomy future. The
embarrassments tinder which the country was
groaning, were he feared, to be increased.
He appealed to the Senators to know whether
thev would, when the country was writhing
under its distresses, repeal this law without a
moments warning. He argued that the
interests of the creditor were ns well taken
care of in this law as the interests ofthe debt
or,. unless they were prepared to say that the
creditor was not only entitled to the soul of
the debtor, but the sou Is of his wife and chil
dren. He appealed to the friends of the sys
tem not to permit one portion of it to be un-
The question being on the motion of Mr.
Thompson of Indiana, to lay the resolution on
the table,
Mr. Marshall appealed to Mr. Thompson to
withdraw the motion, to allow an opportunity
te reply to the misrepresentations of his reso
liiiiou, and to place himself right before the
country.
Mr. Thompson having consented and with
drawn the motion,
Mr. Marshall addressed the House nt great
length, in a most eloquent and masterly de
fence ofthe gioiind lie had taken, after which
Mr. Adams replied to it at great length, still
protesting against the jurisdiction ofthe House,
and demanding that if lie was to be tried, he
should be sent to a court of justice. If how
ever the House insisted on trying him, lie
sisted on postponement, and handed up save
ra! resolutions, which he wished the House to
adopt, calling upon the Executive Depart
ments for information to be used in his de
fence. Among the information required by
Mr. A. was tiie report of the trial of Captain
Bolton ; the correspondence between the Gov
ernment mid Mr. Stevenson, and the letters of
the Commodore Hull, relative to the return of
the Mediterranean squadron, the correspon
dence between the Hori. William Cost John
son and the President of the United States, rel
ative to the 21st rule, the act of the Legisla
ture of South Carolina, relative to free negroes
going to the ports of that State in merchant
vessels: and the opinion of Judge Johnson
with regard to the constitutionality ofthe act,
&c. <fcc. ’ "
In the course ofhis remarks Mr. A. called
for the reading of the three several reports
that were made to the House in 1838 on the
subject of the duel between Messrs. Graves
and Cilley, and while the Clerk was reading
from one ofthe reports, Mr. A. gave way for
an explanation to
Mr. Wise, who rose and said : He was glad
that he now had an opportunity of saying
re- what he had long wished to say, and he thank
ed God that there was a large assembly pres
ent to hear it, and that the time had at length
arrived for him to vindicate himself now and
forever, from the charge of instigating and ad
vising the duel of Graves and Cilley.
He had been charged by the gentleman
from Massachusetts with being the instigator
and adviser of that duel, and with being more
guilty than the man who pulled the trigger;
and he (Mr. A.) was reading from the journal
with a vie’/ incidentally of convicting him
(Mr. W.) of the charge. He was glad to see
that there were now present, and in that Hall,
two Senators from. Kentucky, who, at' the
nme of the duel, represented that State in the
Senate of the United States, one of whom (Mr.
Clay) was sitting immediately behind thegen-
tleinan from Massachusetts : aud he would
appeal to them to hear him witness, that his
advice was not given, relied on, or followed,
in a single preliminary of that duel: that it
was the advice of another, n better, a higher,
and a more distinguished man, that was relied
on; and ns to what occurred upon the ground,
was only there as an armed second, to guard
the life ofhis friend, with written instructions
in his pocket. His only regret now was that
he was induced logo, not approving the pre
liminary steps that he had been luken in that
fight. -
o ew t)r,ea ? s assets ofthejlnnk ofthe
united States, which includes, according to
d ” scr 'P , * on in Ihe Morning Advertiser, the
Banking House of the Merchants’ Bank, and
the adjoining House, and all the assets, notes,
&c. of the Bank, were attached bv the United
States Marshal on Thursday. Several of the
>1 wa s under the judgement recov-
ered at Philadelphia on the French Bill—bnt
™ A< ^ rt,Se . r , the c,aim amounts to over
two millions! We learn that the assets proper
i££a.-'” utee, "" ,uy re
The 9Iol> Spirit Banks—Legislation.
A Very serious outbreak of the populaco occur
red in Cincinnati, Ohio, recently, which resulted in
the destruction of several Banks and Shinplaster
shops, involving a considerable loss of property.
In Louisville, Ky. similar demonstrations to a smal
ler extent have taken place; only one of the manu
factories of the modern currency being destroyed.
Our own State, too, is not without an example of
the same kind of violation of law. Gen. Griffin, late
President of the Monroe Rail Road Bank, is stated
not long since to have fallen into the hands of a mob,
whose treatment he represents to have been any thing
but gentle.
These are not the only instances of recent occur
rence, where a portion of the people, deceived and
swindled by fraudulent Bank or corporation promis-
n. cs, have taken vengeance in their own hands, violated
the laws of the county, and added to the grievances
under which they labor, by destroying tiie little prop
erty which might have been used in payment of their
claims.
A wrong spirit prevails among the people. In
many, the hope of acquiring wealth wi’hout labor, has
tempted to the wildest speculations and the most kna
vish practices; and others who have been duped and
defrauded, let their passions triumph'over right, and
seek vengeance rather than just restitution. Tire sanc
tity of the law is thus invaded ; the respect which is
due it is lessened ; its hold upon us, is weakening ev
ery day; its administration is interrupted; and it has
almost ceased to be a terror to e\ il doors, or a shield
from oppression. People are becoming restless un
der its restraints, forgetting that while they throw off
its trammels, they deprive themselves of its protec
tion, and that thus the tendency of their conduct is to
confusion and anarchy.
It is no difficult matter to foretel the direful conse
quences which must ensue, if this spirit is not check
ed. But how shall this be done ! The answer is not
easily given.. It is evident, however, that the causes
which have produced the present laxity of principle—
which have lowered the standard of morality and pub
lic virtue —must be removed ; and a better sense of
right and wrong, and a more thorough conviction of
the necessitty of maintaining the supremacy of the
laws, as well for our individual happiness as fer the
stability of our government, be entertained. To
bring this about requires firmness, energy anti self-de
nial.
But what are the causes to which we have alluded,
and what should be done to remove them I We will
offer a solution of this question, such as satisfies our
mind, though doubtless many will differ with us in
opiuion. We think the evils under which we now la
bor aro mainly owing to the artificial stimulus which
for a few years past has been giveu to business and
speculation, through the agency of Bank facilities and
Bank paper. Tiie good old way of making a living
by the sweat of the brow, has, like the Union Bank
Bonds, been repudiated. Financiering has been
brought to such perfection, that people have discov
ered a way of making money without the intervention
of the precious metals, and of getting rich on paper,
without the use of labor or real capital. It would re
quire more room than we can spare, to detail all the
schemes which have been devised for speculation, or
to show how fortunes have been made or lost in a
day. But the mode is familiar to all. Until recent
ly, the modern system received no check ; but as ev
ery thing which violates the laws of nature or trade,
must come to a halt at some time, so it could net be
expected that the irredeemable paper currency which
was so profusely set afloat, could always maintain its
credit. Some people began to prefer the substance
to the shadow, and in seeking to exchange it, exposed
the rottenness of the system. Want of confidence
ensued—persons who had embarked largely in haz
ardous enterprises, (ailed to realize their hopes; and,
reckless in their investments, they have become des
perated in disappointment. The moral feelings, ener
vated by gambling speculations, and the extravagance
and luxury consequent upon them, have not regained
a healthful tone; hence infractions ofthe law are now
looked upon as crimes of smaller magnitude than they
were formerly.
Another reason why the laws aro not respected
may be found in tho character of our legislation.-
where the deceased
January 5
resided.
M B
19
Middle.
February 21
M
IV'
20
' “ '22
F
B
1
March 22
M
B
I
(a
April 4
F
W
26
Upper
May 15
M -
W
1
Lower.
J une 20
F
IV
1
i*
July 0
F
B
1
“
“ 24
M
B
7
Upper.
“ 25
F
W
1
Middle.
August 19
“ 30
F
B
5
M
W
45
Lower.
September 24
F
B
1
Middle.
October 19
F
B
1
Lower.
November 19
F
W
27
Upper.
“ 20
M
W
60
Lower.
“ 24
F
VV
29
••
December 31
F
B
35
Middle.
The deaths in Athens for the last three years have
been 96, which is one in 67 of our whole population.
In 1840 tho deaths in
Baltimore were 2,236 cr 1 in 45,
Philadelphia “ 4,949 “ 1 “ 45,
New York “ 7,863 “ l “ 40,
Charleston •* 605 “ 1 “ 49.
The deaths l'or the different months have been as
follows :
January,
February,
March,
April,
May,
June,
8
10
5
5
11
12
July,
August,
September,
Octoqer.
November,
December,
I estimate the population ofthe town the same as it
was last year, except that an addition of 50 is made
to the lower part, on account of the extension of the
corporate limits in that direction. The deaths and
their ratio to the population of each part of the town,
are as follows:
In the Upper part, 14, or l in 92.
“ Middle, “ 50, “ 1 “ 04.
“ Lower, “ 32, “ 1 “ 60.
Tho difference between the Middle and Lower
parts is very small.
From the New York Sun, Extra, 23d inst.
Arrival of the Britaunia.
THIRTY DAYS LATER FROM EUROPE.
The Royal Mail Steamer Britannia, Cnpt.
Hewitt, arrived at Boston last evenin' at 5
o’clock.
We have full files from Londou to the 3d.
and Liverpool to the 4tli instant. The news
will be found highly interesting and impor
tant. The aspect of financial and commer
cial affairs is decidedly more favorable than
was generally anticipated.
Foremost in importance is the intelligence
ot the appointment of Lord Ashbnrlon as a
special Minister ol the United States, for the
purpose of entering into negotiations for the fi
nal settlement of nil difficulties between tiie
two countries.
Tiie repudiation doctrines, about which so
much has been said in this country, caused no
excitement whatever in London. The papers
scarcely allude to the subject at all.
The Message of President Tyler had been
received and read with much iuterest and sat
isfaction. Its pacific tone caused immense rise
in the funds.
Among the passengers in the Britannia are
Mr. Charles Dickens, the celebrated author,
and his lady; Mr. Mosely, bearer of despatch
es, and Earl Mnlgrave.
Tiie news from Turkey and the East indicate
further disturbances. There lias been a
change of Ministry at Constantinople.
The French Chambers were opened hy a
speech from the King on the 27th ult. Eve
ry thing was quiet at Paris, and the reduction
of the army was progressing.
There had been several frightful rail road
accidents in England attended with extensive
loss of life.
The Queen Dowager is said to be conva
lescent—but some of the papers express doubts
of the fact, and suppose the announcement
made to prevent any gloom being throwu over
the approaching festivities at Windsor.
The Exchequer Bill Fra,--i.—The final
and revised statement of E. B. Smith to the
treasury is to the following efleet.
“ That he was introduced so long back as
1820 toRapallo, Solari, and one or two of their
associates. That soon after, becoming en
tangled in accommodation bills, ho was temp
ted to ‘borrow’ an exchequer bill of $1,000
in order to raise money to meet his acceptan-
ces. , r
“That a speculation was entered into by
Repallo and his friends, which, if successful
was to have extricated all parties from their
difficulties. But it proved most unfortunate,
and plunged them into increased perplexity
and trouble. 3
“That apparently it lay in his power at any
time to secrete and misapply almost any inun-
ber of bills, wanting only the signature, and
by a simple forgery to turn them into good
and valid exchequer bills.
“ That no person of rank or public charac
ter whatever was iu any way mixed up in ffi e
transaction; the parties being himself, Solari
Rapallo, and another individual, whose office
was in Basinghall street, at which place they
used to meet and concert their plans. ’
“ He believes the whole amount fabricated
to be about 3-10,0U0(; but it is doubtful wheth
er a sum of 40,000/ is or is not included in
this total.
“He still maintains that this whole amount
has been wasted, from time to time, iu gamb
ling transactions on the Stock Exchange.”
Dreadful Rail Road Accident.—On the
24th ult. a train of freight cars on the Great
Western Railway was suddenly arrested by
coming in contact with a mass ofthe embank
ment, that had fallen upon the rails at the deep
cutting called the gullet. A frightful scene
occurred.
Tiie engine, tender and cars were dashed to
atoms; eighty passengers were instantly kil
led and fifteen or twenty very seriously, some
of them mortally wounded.
They were mostly industrious laborers and
mechanics.
Gratifying news in respect to the Santa Fe
expedition, has been received at New Orleans
by the steamship Neptune which left Galves
ton on tho 13th instant.
The French frigate Sabine hrought to Gal
veston, Tampico dates of the 8th of January,
and Vera Cruz dates of the 21th December’.
The accounts by them are, that the prisoners
of Santa Fe had arrived at the city of Mexico
and were well treated. The story ofcrtteliies
practised upon them, is said lo be unfounded.
They were to be regularly tried on charges
brought against them. 8
The delay, it is hoped, will ennhle the
American messenger despatched by onr <mv-
ernment with despatches relating to their*de
tention, to reach the c ity Mexico before any
harm can happen lo the prisoners. The mes
senger, D. V. McRae, Esq. passed through
th.s city a day or two since, and is empower
ed to require at New Orleans, any government
vessel, to forward him to his destination as
soon ns possible. The revenue culler will
probably take him directly to Vera Cruz.
The Mexicans, it seems, are really making
preparations to make warupon Texas. Two
Mexican steamers, mounting Paixliau guns,
lately built in England, were daily expected at
Vera Cruz, for the purpose of forming an ex
pedition to blockade Galveston; and they taik
of sending twenty thousand men lo invade
Texas » On the other hand, a part of the
Texiunnnd Yucatan navy were on their evay
to blockade Vera Cruz ! Both paities had bel
ter stay at home,—Mobile Register.
Sir. Catlterwood nt, Uj^mal.
We have just seen a letter, dated November
27, written hy our friend Mr. Catlterwood, at
the ruins in Uxnml, of the Northern part of
Yucatan. He writes that their party had al
ready been several weeks busily occupied in
their researches among the ruins of that place,
and that so vast and so full of interest were
these ancient remains, that a month longer will
be necessary before they can complete their
drawings and investigations ; after winch they
will proceed to Chiteit, Iizan mid other places
in which some remarkable antiquities exist,
and which have not yet been described. 11 In
fact,” observes Mr. Catlterwood, “the whole
country is covered with ruins, and onr great
est difficulty is. in choosing those of most im
portance, which will tend to some definiteend,
find where wo. shall be most rewarded for cur
labors.” Several months he supposes will
still be necessary to accomplish their purpo
ses, as they do not intend to let arty thing of
importance escape their attention. The pro
prietor of Uxmnl mid of an extensive district
of country aropnd, Don Simon Peon, was with
our travellers, and had extended to them eve
ry facility they could wish in accomplishing
the objects of their visit. Dr. Cabot, a young
physician and naturalist lrotn Boston, was also
with them—Providence Journal.
The Senate of Louisiana has passed unani
mously. and sent to the House for concurrence,
an act “to prevent further violation ofthe law
by Banks.” It prohibits the further issue of
any sort of notes or post notes, or certificates
of deposites, by the Banks, payable in futuro
or on demand; and makes every officer issu
ing any such note, subject to criminal prose
cution ; any director authorizing it. or sanc
tioning it by his vote or presence at the board
when authorised, and not protesting against
it, and putting his protest iu writing on the
minutes ; or who shall not within ten days af
ter such issue is ordered, move and vote for
rescinding it, is also liable to prosecution, ntul
may be punished by fine from $500 lo$50l)0,
or imprisonment not more than two years, or
both, a*, the discretion of the court.—Mobile
Register.
From the Macon Messenger.
A meeting of the Stockholders of the Mon
roe Rail Road Bank, was helu in this place
agreeably to public notice, on Tuesday mor
ning. The meeting was large, consisting ol
some 200 Stockholders. A committee was
appointed to make an examination of the con
dition of the Bank, and a report was made set
ting forth the state of the Bank, its assets and
liabilities. The report has been the .subject
of much street talk, but we have not seen it
and therefore can say nothin? of it. We
learn informally—that the liabilities of the
Batik arc in round numbers $700,000. One
hundred and seventy five thousand of which,
are deposits and unclaimed devideuds, leaving
a circulation of bills, road certificates and
bonds, ot five hundred and thirty odd thous
and dollars. The assets exclusive of theroad
are about $500,000,$200,000 of which it is
calculated are unavailable. The meeting
elected the following gentlemen to control the
institution for the ensuing year.
JOSEPH DAY, President.
Directors, T. G. Holt, J. G. Moore, Jos.
Smith, Si. Lanier, Jno. D. Winn, and John
Daley.
Thirty Negroes belonging to Gen. Griffin,
of various ages and value, and assigned by
him for the payment of his Stock in the Morr-