Newspaper Page Text
From tho rhiljKlelpliw renn»ylvaninn.
Glances at Congress—No. 1. .
It La common I > all. to form atr iJea *the*£
pearanceofTe object or tbo locality of which
They have spoken, or read; and in nearlyevery
caw. these portraits of them.nd are either laugh
ably unjust or pdiculously flattered. During a
aeiion of Congress as eventful and exerting^na
the present, those whose avocat.onsprevcntthem
from Eding to Washington, content themselves
with oictunna, after this fashion, the public men •
forced into not.cte, by the |l,
drssenslons or diputes arising out of the absorb
ing question of the day. When Col. Bissell. of
Ilf and Col. Jefferson Davis, of Mississippi,
were near coming to an issue about a statement
of lho fir.me»™of course everybody had his own
idea of the appearance of these liei oes--for o
they are, in the best sense of tho term. Colonel
Bissell has a stern countenance, with a coal-black
eveT and a calm, quiet manner. He is very so-
cfalinliis nature, and has a heart, as the saying
goes, “ in the right place.’ He is the ordinary
height, and looks like a roan bred to arms. His
speech on the slave question was L.afirst, as is
this his first session. It was delivered with em
inent coolness and deliberation,and with a reso
lution that showed he would stand by it. It pla
ced him at once before the country as a man of
mind and of mark. C. 1. Davis is about Bissell s
age, we think—say forty ; -but lie has been long
er in public life. He still walks with his cane,
from the effect of his wound, and is quite milita
ry in all his tastes. He has the calm look of a
very brave man, and his sunken eye is singularly
brilliant. There is an expression in his conn-
tenancor as if he constantly suffered horn lnju-
lies received in battle. Ho is one of the best
educated men in Congress, and one of the most
classical speakers. Stepping over into the pop
ular branch of Congress, the spectator asks to
see the two great rivals for the ^peakciship
Winthrop, of Massachusetts, and Cobb, of Geo.
Winthrop has the fresh complexion and the ad
dress of an English nobleman; is always dress
ed in perfect taste; an.' is tall and graceful.—
He rejoices in gold spectacles. IIis manner of
speaking is finished ; his nrticulntion distinct and
clear; and liis voice musical and cultivated. He
lives in elegant style, and is fond of gathering
about him the inlcllcctaud fashion constantly cen-
tred in Washington. His speech against Gid-
dings, and tlic free soilcrs, was as fine a speci
men of sarcastic eloquence, as has been heard in
the House for years. Mr.' Cobb, liis successful
competitor, is now in the Chair. Let us observe
him in that position. He is standing up, with
“ remorseless hammer” in hand, stating a a de
cision to tho House. A near view will impress
you most favorably of Mr. Colib. He is the pic
ture of good health ; is heavily built; but quick
in liis movements. His countenance is open
and frank; his eye blue; his thick and curly hair,
auburn. In conversation his face beams with
intelligence. His voice is * agreeable, and bis
manners prepossessing. You will notice how
plainly and distinctly he'is heavd all over the
house; how prompt hia decisions ; how lucid
his language in “ stating the questions.” Mr.
Cobb is still a young man ; not quite forty : and
is a gentleman ofhigli character and faultless hab
its. He has ho^ts of personal friends ill both
parties, and no enemies. You will notice that
tho House is now about going into “ Committee
of the Whole;” and, also, that Mr. Cobb has
called up a member into the Chair, from which
ho gracefully retires. That is his bosom fiicud,
Linn Boyd, the oldest member of the House,
and yet “ as straight as an arrow”—a form in
which health and strength are conspicuous.—
Linn Boyd is one of the finest looking men in
Congress. Ho is over six feet high, and well
proportioned. About the .only evidence of his
age is his white hair. He does not often take
part in debate, blit is one of the best and most
experienced members of the House. If you
will run.vqur eye along tfee left of the aisle divid
ing the House—tho democrats sitting on the
right, and the Whigs on tho left, fronting the
Speaker—you will observe two gentlemen in
earnest conversation. The contrast in their ap
pearance is, in all respects striking. One is Ro
bert Toombs, the other Alexander H. Stephens,
both of Georgia, and both Whigs. Toombs is
a ferocious looking man, on account of his long
black hair, and his dark complexion, and when
he speaks his vehemence gives to his countenance
an angry and bitter cast. His voice is harsh and
unmusical; but his ability is far above mediocri
ty. He is the idol of the Georgia Whigs, and
has great influence in the House. We never
will forget his appearance and manner shortly
after the Mcadc.and Duer difficulty, in Decem
ber, when he Tallied- the Southern members
about him, and excited them almost to freuzy
by liis terrific declamation upon the subject of
slavery. Stephens looks like a boy of fourteen,
who has grown prematurely old. His face is of
a livid palor. and is shrivelled as if .by disease
and age.; His band is small as a child’s, and he
holds nis slender cane with nervous grasp. His
voice is a shrill treble, but is not unmusical with
al. Tho House always listens to him with pro
found attention; for he is accounted a capital
speaker. A few seats from him sits Mr. Duer,
of New York, the whig member who had the
diffiealty with R. Kidder Meade, of Virginia.—
There is great character in-his face. His Ro
man noso anti keen eye indicato indomitable
courage. He is, unquestionably, ono of the lead
ing men of the House, and made a speech a fow
days ago on the President’s plan of scttliKg the
question, quite ingenious and eloquent. His
former foe, but present friend, Meade, is on tlie
other, or Democratic side, and has a fine manly
countenance, florid complexion, aud good figure,
—his enormous Watch chain - and seals worn in
the old fashion, anil frequently twirled on Ids fin-
S ers, while addressing tho Chair. Nobody
ouhts his ready courage, and his ardent sym
pathies for his native South are frequently ex
hibited. Virginia send* few better or purer re
presentative:) tlianMr.Meade. A fewscats from
aim will be seen Hon. Thomas Haynes Baylcy,
of tho same State, liis devoted friend, and ilie
present industrious and fearless Chairman of the
Committee of Ways aud Means. . He was com
pared to Washington in appearance, by a corres
pondent ; and his countenance has much in it
that is dignified and agreeable. His blue coat
yellow vest become him exceedingly, and
bis fine head i3 crowned with luxuriant auburn
hair. He is quite near sighted, and wears spec
tacles. There is Preston King now trying to
catch the Speaker’s eye—a round jolly face and
rolling gait, and fat heavy figure—all indicating
anything but the malice which enters so large!**
mto bn Totes and speeches. He, too, wears a
piue coat. The worst invcstment.be has made,
*!*“« *o get the House to
foldrfeJ5« C ° bV i E , U ! Uyof & r ge«7- A disgrace,
ly back \ US e " te rpiise. Immediate-:
diwrict ^ dg ® Thotn P 8on . of ‘bo Erie
countenaaoe and fre* 16 ’ ^ oso -S 0 °d-humnred
Tfcrj'*
over most men in the House advantage
is very strong and sonorous V* vo,ce ’ whl ®h
tention. ‘ HU speech, a fcJL comm ands at-
Census bill, was one ol the »L g °’ ° n ,he
Oo.be-Whig We thcr ° KSSrS-S
whom you would like to know. Edwawf e,
W. hS %%
abaina, and 1 homas L. Chngman, of North Oar
ohna. Mr. Stanley is one of the boldest debat
ers of his party in the House, and has a most
penetrating voice. He has a youthful face with
a large nose, and is below tbo average size.—
Mr. Hilliard, the member bo denounced so bit
terly a few days 8go, one whose peaceful char
acter as a Clergyman prevented him from resort
ing to tho code of honor; is a most prepossess
ing person. IIU dark hair is tinged with grey,
and his face is serious and complexion dark.—
His manner of speaking is correct and classical.
Mr. Cliogman rejoices -in well-trained-whiskers,
and a face, in which good-liumor U the most
prominent feature. Ho is very tropical in
his Soutlicrhism, and very wintfy to the North.
I he gentleman holding up a bundle of letters
beckoning for one of the pages on the other side
of the House, is Jacob Thompson, of Mississip
pi. One would take him for au. Irishman from
his face, Until Lis strong Southern accent dissi
pated the impression. He is one of the truest
and best members ic the House, and is 8 mem
ber of tho Committee of Ways and Means, ffie
belongs to that stern school of public men,
among whom “ Father McKay,” of North Car
olina, was prominent; and he watches zealously
all attempts to expend the public money. Mr.
Thompson is still a young man, and is one of
the very best speakers on tlie floor. But here
we must stop for today. We shall resume these
sketebes at our leisure.
€ljc Southern Banner.
ATHENS, 'GEORGIA.
Thursday, May 16,1850.
and PEACE is the great desiieratum of mankind. It
should be the end and aim of all governments.
We are, therefore, opposed to any stipulations with a for
eign power which limit oar empire, and think they ought
to be rejected by the Senaie. The Isthmus is oars, sooner
or later, by “ manifest destiny.”
BANE ROBBEB CAUGHT! *
We casualty omitted to notice iu oar last issue the (act
that George J. Bulloch, the rubber of the Central Bail road
Bank, had been apprehended, brought back, and impris
oned in jail at Savaiinoh, in order that he may sutler the
peually due to his crime. If he be guilty, we trust, that
the full measure*»f tlic law may be meted out not only up
on oaewvho coi)U be guilty of (he crime nf larceny, but of
first Comptroller of. the Treasury. Mr.J
ed. in all one hundred and fifteen I
and interest—a very pretty penny.'
part of thi% whole transaction. No i
in so large a claim against the
seek or accept a seat in the
temptation for poor human nature
cial influence will be used, in spite
ance of his claim. Nay the inference 1
sistible that Mr. Crawford songht-a scat!
die very purpose of pressing this claim 1
and pocketing a princely fortune for an An
From the New York-Globe a Democratic Paper.
The Slave Power.
The crceil and policy of the Federal (or Whig)
and Democratic parties have always been as
wide apait as the poles. A strict construction
of the Constitution and a rigid regard for the
reserved rights of the States, have been the glo
rious characteristics of the Democratic party,
whilst a desire to convert this confederated Re
public iuxo one nation, and to invest Congress
with almost unlimited poijer, has been the end
and aim of the Federalists and Whigs. From
the earliest period in the history of the Govern
ment, tho Southern States embraced the creed
of the Democracy witli ardor and sustained it
with firmness. The Democratic party, in the
darkest hours of its history, has always known
where to look for faithful alliance and unswerv
ing devotion. And they have never looked to
the South in vain. When the war of 1812 was
to be sustained against a powerful and insolent
foo, the South stood by the Democracy, shoulder
to shoulder. When it became ueccssary to root
out tlic Bank of the United States, which had
fastened its fangs upon the country so deep that
patriots almost despaired of its overthrow, upon
whom did wc rely in that contest with the mon
ster of the Moneyed Power? When abigh Tar
iff was consuming the vitals of the country, and
enriching Capital at the expense of Labor, who
were the iuithfnl allies of the Democracy in se
curing its overthrow? Everybody knows it was
the South, the true, the gallant, the faithful South,
which always came to the rescue of the North
ern Democracy, and secured its triumph. For
this reason, and for this alone, the Fcdcralists
and Whigs have always hated the South. The
Northern Democracy alone, they could have
vanquished, but resisted also by the unflinching
opposition of the’South, they have been kept
from power, with a few intervals, from the foun
dation of the Democratic party to the present
time, a period of nearly fifty years. But, know
ing well that the real cause of their hatred must
be concealed, they have affected to base a re
luctant warfare against the South, upon a holy
horror of what they have been pleased to term
“ the slave power.”
Piety and party joined hands together, and,
from the first triumph of the Democracy under
Jefferson, to the present day, they have made
the land ring with ejaculations upon the enor
mities of the slave power. It was tlic slave
power, which governed the country, was the cry
—it was the slave power which must he resisted.
The slave power was the burthen of the very
first resolution passed by the Hartford Conven-
tcion in 1812. It was the slave power? which,
in 1820, aroused the indignation of Mr.
Rufus King and the Federalists, to the admis
sion of Missouri. And, in latter days, it is the
slave power, which has so much distressed poor
Mr. Van Burcn. It was a new discovery to him,
and mode rather late in life—(after-the Balti
more Convention, we believe)—but age i» ven
erable and the reflcctions^of age are entitled to
particular regard. “The great Democratic par
ty must be dissolved, for in no other way can
the slave power be subdued—a great geograph
ical party must be formed to drive this moral
leprosy from the land.”
But, before we enter upon ibis pious crusade,
let us enquire, as briefly as our limits will per
mit, of what sins this so called slave power has
been guilty. The Crusaders of old sharpened
tlie spears for their recovery of Jerusalem, and
the tomb of the Saviour, because both were de
filed by the power of the Saracen. Let us en
quire, what is our justification for the new cru
sade, to which we arc invited by tlie Seward
Whigs and their new allies, tlic Messrs Van
Buren. We will dot down a few facts, by Way
of refreshing tho memory, and affording an ex
cuse. It was the slave power which cradled the
revolutions of ’9S—it was the slave power which-
sustained the war of ISI2, and achieved the se
cond Declaration of Independence—it was the
slave power which purchased the Florida*, and
crushed the U. S. Bank, the Protective TarifT,
and the grand scheme of Internal Improvements
—it was the slave power which sustained the
war with Mexico, and extended our possessions
to the Pacific—it was the slave power which
raised the exports from Zero to 100.millions of
dollars per annum-it was the slave power which
gave to-the country Washington, and Jefferson,
nnd Madison, and Monroe, aud Jackson, and
Pqlk. ' • ' • ;;
If there is any Northern Democrat, who now
feels uneasy about this so-called slave power, let
him buckle on his armor, and join the new cru
sade of the Seward Whigs, and the VanBurens.
But the Northern Democracy, true to its prin
ciples,.and true to it* history, will ntandy-wbero
it has always stood, ill firm and faithful alliance
with tlic Democrcy of the whole Union.
School Scene.—A green spectacled peda
gogue, enthroned on a three-legged stool, with
a sceptre of birch firmly grasped exclaims:
Big boys, come up and parse The Pig
Squeaks. Now tell wliat is Tho,”
The, sir, is a preposterous article; nomina
tive to Pig.”
Why do you call it a preposterous article?”
Because it stands before Pig. I wouldn’t
stand one for a shilling.”
" Next boy, parse l'ig.”
" Pig is a common noun.”
“ Why is it a common noun ?”
“ Because it’s so common that you can’t see
nothing else in the streets.”
“ Wbat is Squeak !”. *
“ A noun proper, sir.”
“ Why is it proper, Ezekiel ?”
“ Because it makes a proper loud noise, and
disturbs all the neighbor*.’’
That’s O. K. Now you fan all go and carry
on with the gals.”
Cotton in Jamaica.—It is said the plant con
triye's to bear for fivo years, and produces two
crops yearly. Ten acres produced 10,000 lbs;
but the land was fresh. It was the continued
return of the caterpiller which caused the West
ludia planter to abandon the cultivation of cot
ton. It is a well known fact that the farther South
the earlier and tlie more' frequent is the return
of this dreadful insect.
AGEHTS FOH THE SOUTHERN BANNER
New Tons.—Joseph Mason aud V. B. Palmer.
• Pmt.ADici.rHi a.—E. W. Carr and V. B. rainier. ’ .
Baltjxore.—William Thomson
Foustth Co.—Daniel McCoy.
Hall Co.—Joliu Gray, Att’y at Law, Gainesville.
Franklin Co.—B. A. B. Neal, Esq. Carnesville.
Union Co.—W. II. Stansell,Atty. at Law, Bluirsville.
Jobu Johnston, Esq. V. M.at IIuilsou P.O. Franklin co.
Jackson Co.—Satn’l F. Thurmond s Esq. Jefferson.
Madison Co.—Doct. B. M. Thompson, Dauielsville.
Flotd Co.—N. J. Omhcrg, Rome, Geo. ,
LEARN THE FBENCH!
We respectfully invite the attention (K the community to
the advertisement of Monsieur do Bnucard, in our colli in ns
Uwliy. It will lie seen that he proposes to teach that beau
tiful language, the French, amnug u*. He brings festimo-
uials of diameter and capacity of the highest order from
our suUjr state* of North uud Squill Carolina.
—— • • -<*•
THE NICARAGUA THE ATT—AH ATTEMPT TO
BOUND OUB EMPIRE.
Very recently a treaty has beeu negotiated at Washing
ton between Mr. Cluyton. the Secretary of State, and Sir
Henry Bulwer, die British Miuister, in relatiou to the pro
posed ship canal across the Isthmus of Panama through tho
jurisdiction of die Slate of Nicaragua. The treaty itself lias
not, as yet, we believe, been transmitted to the Senate for
ratification. At any rate, tlie terras of it liave not authori
tatively transpired. But iu this, as in most other nutters
of secrecy, either of state.or iu private utiairs, some third
parly usually contrives to get iuto possession of the myste
ry, and blabs it forth to Ihe world in spile of all confiden
tial injunctions. A correspondent of die New York Herald
seems to have been initiated, seme Low or other, into the
cabinet secrets, as it is to that paper that tlie public are in
debted for the principal features of the treaty. The most
objectionable of these has been brought to our notice by an
uhlirarticle in the Pennsylvanian of die 4di iust. and which
may be gathered from the following extract from that paper:
“The Nicakaoca Treaty.—We hare refniinj\l from
saying a wcnl on this subject, because we could uqi.believe
that tlie reports in circulaiiou concerning the cluirac.ter of
the Treaty, were true. We did uol decui it putfiibje that
any administration would pledge our govermnefltVrfty a
treaty with Great Britain, or any foreign power,'never to
annex any portion of Central America to the United Slates.
This would be the “ Monroe- doctrine” reversed; aud it
would he the best mode which the British Government
could adopt, to prevent the extension of our country over
North America. We snv' we did not deem it possible that
.even Mr. Clayton would negotiate such a Treaty; but,
from tho fact that the syllabus of the Treaty, published in
die Sew York Tribune, some days ago, lias been, at least
by implication, sanctioned l>y the government organ at
Washington, We now apprehend the worst. According
to this IMihlicatiou : *' The United States and Great Britain
mutually aud reciprocally pledge their faith to each other,
that they trill not lake, use, hold, occupy, nor exercise do
minion over, any part of Cental America, henceforth, and
forercr. We are one of those who have looked forward
with hope to the period when the whole of North Ameri
ca, embracing the Stairs of the Isthmus, would constitute
hut one great federal Republic. It is not many years since
St. Salvador, one of these States, applied to be adopted in
to our Federal Union. But now, it seems, w>- have hound
ourselves, by solemn treaty with Great Britain, no matter
wliat may hereafter he the necessity or propriety of the
measure, ‘"not to lake, use, hold, occupy, nor exercise do
minion orer, any part of Central America, henceforth and
forever!’” •
It is but seldom that we can find, even among onr dem
ocratic exchanges, a corresponding sentiment to our own
relative to the extension of our empire. But. thiiTarticle
from ottr democratic cotempomry of the Key-stone State
fills up our eye, aud dcumuds a cordial response nt our
hands.
We have no doubt that thousands of our fellow-citizens,
in both the whig and democratic ranks, think that our
views are those of an enthusiast, and that the time will nev
er arrive when our federal system will embraco with per
fect safety within its operations the eutiro continent of
North America. But those who take this view of the sub
ject seem to understand but little of the capacity of the fed-
A hole to creep out.—Tlie Convention editor* in tB
spite console u with the refl etiou that Gov. Towns is not I
larceny where confidence has been reposed. Iu all this to call a state convention ftir the admission of Califoi
we sliall have the concurrence of tlie banks and their fol
lowers, who will cry out with one' voice “ crucify him—
crucify him” for robbing the oautt of a bank which bad
been put-under his control.
But wbeu the bauks rob the people, ns they do when
their bills depreciate, and specie payment is suspended,
who cries out “ thief, felon, rubber, &c. Ac.”!
Bad as is the offence of Bulloch, we can see but little
difference between the crime of rubbing the hank and rob
bing the people.
Cadets 'at West Point.—From a communication in tlie
Washington Uuiou of the 8th inst. from Col. Totten of the
Engineer department, we find the following appointment
for 1850 of Cadets fur Ge.irgia, viz- v J. T. Mercer of tlie
second ’Congressional district—Abner Snead of the 3d—
Wm. S. Daniel of the 6th—and Lewis H. Kenan of the 7tli.
CALIFORNIA.
The Empire City and the Georgia have recently arrived
gl New York from Chagres, bringing highly important inr
telligence from California. The Cherokee which carite
down from San Francisco to Panama just before the sailing
of the first named vessels brought $1,700,000 in gold dust'
which 3ias probAbly reacted New York. It is estimated
that One hundred thousand persons are on their way to the
gold mines—which still continue to prove numerous and
rich. The most important intelligence, however, is of a
political character. The U. 8. Collector of the Customs at
the port of San Francisco had been ordered to pay over the
revenue collected by him iuto the State treasury under a
resolution of the legislature, aud strung efforts were making
to set up an iudependont government. We learn this lat
ter to lie a feet also by a letter received in this place from
a gentlemen ofliigli character and intelligence on the i) ot.
Commodore Jones, the Commandant of the Pacific Sqiad-
ruu, Inis notified the parties engaged in this attempt, that
he will enforce the sovereignty of the United States by tlie
thunder cf his batteries.
We think there i* very little danger, however, of Dixie
Sam losing Miss Cally-Forney. He is too kiud nud pro
tecting iu his character for auy of the family to quit his
houseliold. Besides, they are well aware that his fret rns
are not to' be disregarded.
alone, hut iufease Congress shall “admit into-th&Uuili
States, as a state of this confederacy, the sparsely ]
ted territoiy of California AND Sets Mexico.''
seems to be tlie language of the law at any rate. We
glad that it is so—that we shall tee none of the fool
state convention for the admission by Congress nf
fomia into the Union.
Southern Convention—Jndgc IIHtycr’s
Letter to Gov. Towns.
. Cuwpens, May 8th, 1830.
His Excellency Gov. Towns:
Sir—I have just received your proclamation making
known that I hare been daly elected a delegate’to the Nash-
ille Convention. . ’ ' ,
I am satisfied ( that the people of the Sixth-Congressional
district do uot desire to be represented in that convention.
’ have taken pains to ascertain public sentiment on this sub
ject. I have had vety extensive personal communication
with the people almost throughout tbo entire district. Aud
ain well convinced that the people of this district have no
sympathy with the contemplated movement ol'the Southern
States on the subject of slavery. This opinion is confirm
ed by the smallness of the vote cost at the recent election.
I feel it to he my duty, out of deference to what I believe
to be the well ascertained judgment of the people, to de
cline ail appointment which lias been conferred upon me it
is true by the forms of law, but which clearly is not sanc
tioned by the popular will. With high respect,
A Your obedient servant,
JUNIUS/HUlYER.
We cordially acd fully endorse thexiews put forth in tho.
above letter. It would bo ridiculous for either of the dele
gates voted for by so small a portion of this Congressional
district to claim to be Representatives of the people in the
Nashville Convention. Nay, it would be worse—it would
be an outrage upon popular sovereignty and representative
government.
THE COMPROMISE
, On Wednesday the 8th inst, Mr. Clay, in behalf ot the
Committee ofThirteen to whom had been referred the va-
rw<s psupauHiima concerning slavery and the territ-riw,
made a report to the Senate l T . S. accompanied with bills
to carry out the views and recommendations of the com
mittee, which are ns follow:
** 1. The, admission of any new State or States formed out
of Texas to be postponed until they sliall hereafter present
themselves to he received into the Union, wheu it will be
the duty of-Congress fairly and faithfully to cXeculo the.
compact with Texas, by admitting such new State or States.
S. The ndmissiou forthwith ot California into the Uuion
with the boundaries which she hns proposed
3. The establishment of territorial governments, without
the Wihnot Proviso, for New Mexico und Utah, embracing
all tlie territory recently arquired by the Uuitcd States
from Mexico uot contained iu the boundaries of California.
4. TJie combination of these two last mentioned meas
ures in the same hill.
5. The establishment of the western and northern boun
dary of Texas, and the exclusion from her jurisdiction
all New Mexico, with the grant to Texas of a pecuniary
equivalent. Aud the section for that purpose to he incor
porated iu the bill admitting California and establishing
lerriloriul governments for Utah mid New Mexico.
6. More effectual enactments of law to secure the prompt*
delivery of persons hound to sen-ice or labor in one State,
under tlie laws thereof, who escape into another State;
Aud 7. Abstaining from abolishing sla\ory ; hut, under a
heavy penalty, prohibiting the slave trade iu the district of
Columbia.” •
Onr readers will now very naturally inquire how tho
plan of the committee was received in the Senate, aud per-
l^ips some of them may desire to know tho opinion we en
tertain npon the subject.
We regret that it is not in our power, at present, to lay
the report nnd hills of the committee, together with the
remarks of leading Senators, North and Sonlh, upon them,
before the country, in order that every one might judge
for himself of their merits, and the probability of a pacific
termination oT the present sectional controversy. Wc shall
give tho report and bills in our next paper. Bnffice it, for
fc
passenj
commumC
tho fowarefl
all either. werJ
perish in the flam'
At the time the decS
tleman, ivith a child itr his
between the chimnies.
A largo number of hor
ly all burnt to deaths ”
S.
eral system, aided by the Steam-engine and the Electro- j the present, to say that tho propositions of the committee
mngnelic telegraph, for almost indefinite expansion.
Other forms of government, like those of ancient Rome
and Macedon, may tall asunder from extension, but ours ac
tually increases in streugtb and durability with the increase
of ,it* area. The great points to be guarded against ore
despotism and anarchy. Despotism is naturally jealous,
aud rule*either in person, or by a subordinate responsible
to the supreme power. Consolidation in government is its
essence. There cau, of course.'he no local representative
government for the distant provinces, mid rcbellkmoc their
port, rr that of tho governor, against the authority of the
sovereign, is the necessary consequencr. of “WTfr' ffi* 1 em
pire. Not so with our own system. Free, representative,
local governments uiakc the jieople contented ami happy
under every variety of climate, soil, language, or condition
—leaving to the federal authority, as a matter of.course in
attended empire, but a fow general duties to perform, be
cause the exercise of any others become absolutely Imprac
ticable. These may be summed up mainly under the heads
ot'Toreign relations and common defence.
Every step we take from tho centre weakens the ceutrnl
authority, hut strengthens the system, nuless it call he
made to appear that in avoiding consolidation we rush into
the opposite extreme of anarchy. But the more rational
liberty enjoyed by the people, the less danger of anarchy.
The tyranuy of a single ruler, or combinations adverse to
justice in a republican form of government, may produce
rebellion or resistance, but tlie preposition still remains un
answerable, that disorder- is the offspring of bad govern
ment. When the people aru treated with justice they nev
er rebel. Uence it is that our state governments, being en
trusted by tbo constitution with the exercise of almost all
the powers which immediately concern the btlppiuess of
the people, aud being nothing more than the reflex of tlicir
will, there are fewer causes of disorder .than under a dis
tant, (Cutral, or nn immediate proconsular aud' -irresponsi
ble, government.
The natural tendency of extension is to federalize the
system more and more in its administration, and in propor
tion ss this is done, contagion in common impulse* of inter
est or ambition—or in other words, combinations or log
rolling, the great danger ul republics, avoided.
Centralization has been the vice of modern Europe, so
far ns stability in government is'concerned, and the crown-
heads have lately reaped tlie reword of a principle natural
ly despotic, in the late scenes of rebellion and revelation.
The British statesmen begin to sec tlie necessity of federal
izing their system as much as possible in practice, in order
to avoid the danger of popular combinations and impulses.
They had better give to Ireland-her local legislature and
preserve a* much as possible her distinctive national char
acter, if they wish to avoid a grand popular movement ol
the masse* of both Great Britain anil Ireland. against the
existing older of things. The Tory politicians term to be
sensible of the efficacy of this principle, at least iq regnrd to
Wales. We once heard of a great desire to extend the
English language aud customs to that province. Bnt since
the masses of Europe have commenced congregating by-
means of common sympathies and impulses in fe^’or of lib
erty, we find a disposition among the roost poJotd«ting
the Tories to keep EngUuwl and Wules as much separate ns
possible. . Givo the English, Welch, Scoth aud Irish the
same language, government, religion, custom*—in short,
consolidate them together as one people, and the meuarck’s
crown, with all the subordinate incidents of the system,
would be much more insecure than at prescut.
The distinguishing character of the federal system is its
perpetuity—being less liable^? change than any otner.—
The more states—the larger the republic—the greater the
security also against foreign invasion. Sixty large states,
instead of thirty, will insure everlasting peace from abroad
were not received in such a manner by Senators from the
South as to augur l%ry favorably of their fiual adoption tiy
both Houses of Congress. We are inclined to thiuk, how
ever, tliat with some modifications, particularly in relation
to the boundary of California, the scheme will be eventu
ally successful. Wc are among those, who think that the
whole Pacific coast should not be yielded to California,—
Our readers are aware that we have always advocated 36°
SIP as her appropriate southern boundary. Our opinion still
remains unchanged, and we trust yet that this line will he
adopted. Such also seems to be the opiuion of many south-
ttgn Satiate** who spoke when the report was presented
There is one other feature in tho bills organizing territo
rial governments for Utah and New Mexico, which, howev
er it may accord with the opiuion of those iu the South
who deny the doctrine of Gen. Cass that the people of the
territories have a right to regulate the question of slavery
for themselves, is not very acceptable to ns. For we area
devout believer, with Gen. Cass, in the troth of that doc
trine, os an axiomatic principle in government. We also
perceive, that if, as tbo North contends, the Mexican anti-
slavery law be still of force iu the territories, the only pos
sible hope of their repeal i$ from the territorial legislatures'
If we look a)so to lurther acquisitions, ns we should, from
Mexico, aud the principle should he established by the le
gal tribunals that tho Mexicuu laws remain in force until
repealed by American legislation, we shall see at once, that
the doctrine ofGen. Cass is the ouly hope of extending oUr
domestic institution, at any rute short of those powerful
considerations which tnay cause the territories, after becom
ing stales, to repeal the anti-slavery clause iu their consti
tutions. Such a clause would, upon the hypothesis, lie ori
ginally inserted almost as a matter of course. The plan of
the cummittco provides that “ no law shall be passed (by
the territorial legi.slalyfes) in reyptcl to, African slf very.”
This was -a provision, we believe, in the Cluyton Compro
mise bill, hut wo never liked it, os it struck down the prin
ciple of local self-government,and, npon the hypothesis
(which it at least possible) that the Mexican laws remain
in force nntil repealed, it also excluded the South from the
territories. We shall be among the last, however, to per
sist in objections to a plan which may give repose to the
country, without sacrificing too much of tho rights aud hon
or of the Southern people. '
BTHatirlfa. C. Daw*o.n, of the U. 8. Senate, will be
pleased to accept our thanks for a copy of tlie speech of
Mr. Toombs iu the House of'Representatives on Ihe Presi
dent’s message communicating the constitution ol Califor
nia. V*
Telcgraphcd-ior the Charleston Courier.
Arrival of tAe Niagra.
Baltimore, May 8.
The stoamship Niagara arrived at Halifax
yesterday morning with Liverpool dates to the
27th ult.
The middling qualities of cotton and Fair Up
lands had advanced Jd on fair descriptions.—
The sale* of the week are 51,000 bales.
Brown and Shipley’s Circular agrees with
the above, and says that the market presents a
favorable aspect. Speculators took 15,000 bales,
and tlie trade bought largely.
The Committee’s quotations were for Fair
Uplands and Mobiles, 7; Fair Orleans 7$
Middling qualities, 6i 6^ 6f and6§. Sea Islands,
9£ a 16d. The total stock in Liverpool was
549,000 bales, of which 359,000 were Ameri
can.
The Havre cotton market was active, and
prices .had advanced Jd. The sales of tho week
were 14,000 bales.
At Liverool, flour was quiet at the same quo
tation as per Canada. Indian Corn was active
at Sn advance of Is. Rice, Good Carolina, 1S$
aud 19,6 for Fine. Sugar steady and in fair
demand. Coffee extremely dull. Tobacco
quiet. Naval Stores: 1000 bbls. Rosin, 2s lOd.
Of Turpentine and Tar no sales. Freights un
changed.
The advices from the manufacturing districts
continue promising. Brown and Shipley says
that the high prices in Cotton wpre anticipated.
Tho advance has been most in Uplands. - The
Europa had not arrived when the Niagara left.
The political news generally is unimportant.
The proceedings iu Parliament were without
interest. France was still excited about the elec
tions. No arangement has yet taken place be
tween Greece and England.
The money market was easier. Consols closed
at 96£. American Securities have advanced £
per cent.
The new steamship Atlantic was spoken 630
miles from New York, when 45 hours out. [An
average of 11 miles an hour.]
ApppiNTMjy^rg BY T ]j£ President.^
consent of the Senat?
,of Tennesaee, to be envoy extraor
and minister plenipotentiary of the United
tates to the court of his Majesty the Eniperor
of all the Russias. -
Edward H. Wright, of New Jersey, to be
secretary of the legation of the United States at
the court of his Imperial Majesty the Emperor
of all the Russias.
John D. Diomatari, of Georgia, to he consul
bf the Uniled'States for the port of Atbeus, in
Greece. *
Great Triumph!
The Cars through the 'funnel! !
Oh yesterday the Cars, fortLe first time, run
through the Tunnel. This is an unexpectedly
early triumph, and we r corgratnlate the Contrac
tors, Chief Engineers, and all concerned, in the
completion of this grand work. An uninterrup
ted thoroughfare is now opened between the nav
igable waters of tho West, and the Southern At
lantic oceaq. We shall not now hereafter, hear
any complaints about delays aind detentions.—«•
One thousand cheers to the State of Georgia.—
Chattanooga Gazette, of the 10 Inst.
From the Pennsylvanian.
Gold Statistics.
Wc have been kindly favored, by Col. Snow
den, Treasurer, of the Mint, with the following
statement: - .
Gold deposits, No. 1242, inclusive, payable
to-day.
Gold deposits, No. 1282, inclusive, payable’on'
Monday. -
Gold coinage of the year 1850,
to May 3d, is $5,684,865
Silver coinage of the year 1S50,
to 3d May, is 114,150
The amount of California gold
received at Philadelphia Mini,
to the end of April, is nearly
New Orleans Mint, to <he end
of March,
Total amount
California,
received from
$5,799,015
811,400,000
1,970^000
$13,370,000
New York, May 8, 6| P. M.
The news by the Niagara has produced no
effect on the market. Cotton is firm, the sales
amounting to 2000 bales, at previous prices,
Rice is unchanged. Flour steady. Corn, 61.
Stocks drooping. Sterling Exchange 9J.
A collision occurred on Lake Erie on Mon
day, between the British steamers Dispatch and
Commerce, in which the latter was sunk. One
officer and 24 British troops and 11 passengers
were drowned.
Washington, May 8. 6 P. M.
Mr. Cloy made his report to-day ftbm the
Compromise Committee. There is much South
ern opposition to tho boundary of California,
and the success of the Compromise is deemed
doubtful.
From the Clias. Mercury.
New YoRK/ May 7—7£ p.- m.
The cotton market to-day was firm, but prices
unchanged.
The steamships Empire City ant] Georgia
have arrived from Chagres with one month’s la
ter intelligence from California. The general
news is unimportant. The weather was pleas
ant and new mines have been discovered.
There was a severe storm at the Sandwich Is
lands on the 4th of March, which destroyed the
coffee plantations, and several vessels, among
them U. S. ship Humboldt {?] r '
Commercial affairs were depressed at San
Francisco, and property was declining. Several
merchants had failed. The rate of interest has
been reduced.
Flour, $9 per bbi.. Beef, $9; Bricks. 815 per
THE SECRETARY OF WAH AND THE G ALFHIN
. *?'*- CLAIM.
* Oglethorpe,” the Washington correspondent of the Sa-
va iunb Georgian, writes, under flute of the 3d ittst/an fol
lows : “ The'committee appointed to investigate the Gal-
phin claim will report On Tuesday next. The mam tiers of
it differ on tbc law point*; bnt a majority of them agree
that the ground on which the Attorney General allowed
the fotei«n*£ t* wholly untenable. As to the focu, they are
simply these. Mr. Crawford acted aa agent for the claim
with a contingent fee of^half the amount recovered, after
deducting expense*. When called to be Secretary of War,
he told General Taylor that he had. to prosecute a claim
against the Government; to which Gen. Taylor replied,
that being a Cabinet Minister did not -deprive him of the
rights of a citizen. Mr. Gmwfoitl. lliough h\ring another
attorney, prepared;aud revised lii* arguments, and pressed
the claim on tho Attorney General and the Secretary of the
Treasury with great zeal, even at cabiuet meetings. Tho
claim was at Iasi settled, in opposition to the decision of the
Lands in Alabama
“ “ Mississippi
Real estate in Macon
Probable loss roa^ be esti nated at
From tho Sav. Georgian.
Bank of the State of Georgia.
We have been furnished with a pamphlet con
taining a full estimate of'the business of this in
stitution for the htstkix months, being tlie report
made to his Excellency, the Governor, in pursu
ance of the requirements of tho law passed at
the last session of the Legislature. The report
gives a favorable accpunt of the condition of the
Bank. We publish the statement of the Cash
ier, J. K. Teft, Esq., made to the Directors,
which is a short synopsis from the.several tables
which accompany the report.
“ The following table will exhibit thfl net pro-
-fits of the Bank, at each semi-annual settlement
since the last general meeting of Stockholders,
on the 2flth April, 1846, viz :
April, 1846 $60,530 21
October, 1816 J 44,209 Iff
April, 1847 81,706 62
October,'1847 - a 51,645 98
April, 1848 - - 62,962 72
October, 1848 56,024 29
April, 1849 78,670 83
October, 1849 65,070 §5
8500,Sf9 95
Average 62,602 49
By which it will be seen that the overage pro
fits for each six months is $62,602 49
The Lands and real Estate yet unsold- stand
cltargedupon the Books at Macon, as follows:
7,366 95
14,544 39
40,2S7 69
$62,199 03
5,000 00
10,000 00
r; Jao.ooq oo
Probable ultimate loss $45,000
The estimated gain- to, the Bank, by the loss
of old notes issued since 1816, aitd which may
never be presented to the Bank for redemption,
may he fairly considered, 1 should suppose, am-
M., Coffee, 17 cts. per lb. Lumber, $60 to $100 .P^ 8 “ ffic «? nt m ® et this depreciation OI - C sti
per M. Shingles, $3; Clear pork, $32 per bbl. mated ,oss on Lands and Real e8tato -
New York, May 7—8 p. m.
The steamship Cherokee has arrived, having
left Chagres in company with the Georgia. She
brings 100 passengers, and two millions of dol
lars in gold. '
Georgia Railroad.—-Comparative State
ment of the business of tbe Georgia Railroad in
the mouth of April, 1849 and 1850:
Passengers, Freight, See. Amounts.
1S50 13,763 45 . 40,642 63 54,406 08
1849 10,839 42 34,375 51 45,214 93
lncr. $2,924 03 $6,267 12 $9,191 15
Connecticut.—It will be seen that the Dem
ocrats have finally elected their Speaker* in both
brtnehea of the Legislature of Connecticut, and
that tho gallant Seymour, and tbe other Demo
cratic state officers, have been elected to the pla
ces, for which they had respectively the largest
number of votes at the last election. It seems
to be pretty well established, that there will he
little or no difficulty in electing a democratic U.
’'S. Senator, though the Free Soilers have, as us
ual, formed a separate organization.—TeunsyU
v an tan. ^ - *
Wedding at Washington.
Miss Ellen B. Ewing, the daughter of that
Secretary of the Interior, was marnedin Wash
ington on Wednesday evening, to Lieut. Sbor-
mao, of the Army.* The nuptial party was very
large, aud the happy affair passed off with great
eclat. It took place at the residence of Mv.
Ewing. The correspondent of the Patriot
says:
“ The rooms, above and below were crowded
with “ belles and matrons, tnaids and madams.’ -
The President was there. The Vice President
waS there. The Cabinet were there. Sir H.^.
Lytton Btflwer. ladyxnd suite, with many of tk6 >.
Ditnplomaiiquc ««ijp, were Abe** Oflicers of , 4
the'Army apd Navy-were'there. Citizens and
strangers were there; and «'a3
’ Taylor,.Clay, Caw, Ueuton; and other* ^
Moved along like loving brothers. '
The many pleasing incidents of tbe evening,
the sayings and doings of such men as Winthrop,
Corwin, King, of Ala., McLean, Butler, of S. C. ^
Vinton, Pearco, Jones, of Iowa, would fill a vol
ume instead of this short letter. Tbe most
pleasing incident of tlie night wa?.the presenta
tion to the bride of a beautiful bouquet, by one
of the tallest pluihes of this confederacyj Harry i
