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Jfff.RS0F rEAVEL.
Iiuilii»iT a Short Visit
at riorenre.
U .Hi: VO- XXVIII.
V;>: . Italy, July 23, 1S7G.
tllV last Mur in Romo,
, vc ;i notice, from the
[ !. : ivo traveled nearly
i, ( ,f tlie Kingdom ot
; Iiunce, we had a view
ir : above ground of the
n cvi-iy four, or fivt
,.f an elevated plain,
about five by eight
;,] that one can enter
l travel tin indefinite
narrow subterraneai
h.ith nicies by tombs of
. •; r-i-.ii;
ai.
■ a .mans. 1
i iiiuii-ai
v , veil millions—have been
esc- tombs are like
Is upon thousands
:o
... .. Florence, for the first
• W V aioug the banks of the
’ r.,e livtt.mi lands are from two
... ' . wide, for the first twenty
. p.t.itivatcd in wheat, oats and
.iucir-i: heavy crops. It seemed
Mr that on these lands
na clives. lias, or other trees,
things to break the monot-
. . vi w were numerous “rieks’’
• ,< T...n. tin-re being no houses
-.hab’.v en ac count of the frt-
• r; '..in> ef the river.
rkipine hill-sides, and espe-
tht-ir tops, are numerous
• kalians and not a few pala-
,. ces. surrounded bj T forests
o_-s sra)itetc. It was along
only two threshing ma-
in Italy were noticed. They
; k- steam machines, seemed
nicely,and one would sup-
Italians would observe their
i ;v nvt-r their present inodes of
i,hi the corn,” and adopt
v cvulierc struck with the
i.-rtility of this country.
...ci ilitlic very primitive way
.. tin* agricultural work is
i. 1 have not seen a real good
.;....v ii. the Kingdom. They
a clumsy, awkward
mc'-i*-’. wiiti an iron point
: aide mould-hoard, faced
• : ir.-:.. with a beam extending.
; the ox-yoke By this
h rUp tiie ground to tin
-\,e: .*i■;hi inches, without
• .- :..i : and yet the lands
- crops as you will see
lands in America, though
.: m cultivation, in many
■■ years.
...tie principal reason why
•• " kept up with the times’"
■ lias been almost contin-
. 1 in wars, foreign and
• v.-r rii.ee the fall of the
. : very notable thing is lliat
. - i.o factories, and it is
-vie -.: all the grapes are con-
for nearly one-fourth
ui'ivatcd land is in vine-
-h t". m with their juicy
vi:_• tl.e Tiber, we pass
■ hly .vui.try, and pass many
h mi the hill-tops and
• I -y oi.ee high walls, but
:oiv in dilapidation.
‘ I veil as in all other
wii.gd mi. you will notice
■ Vci.nl of old Roman roads,
”- ; "l a-e! macadamized, with
-'."iiv bridges on Roman
: '■ a. at 11 A. M., and ar-
■ -r«;cc at 7 P. M.—200 miles
This is about the av-
: >/. express trains on ltal-
.'.'.ays. Tor the last twenty
reaching Florence, our
v c.)ic.- down the valley of the
■ tie banks of which this
1 in- M-i-ticry is exceeding-
ah as you approach the
:,r " hundreds of modern
-'."a'ci‘c'11 among the hills,
" p'-rli-ct models of beauty
■—to-, and these lovely homes
:i "-' crowning feature of Flor
is -tried die fanciest city
r! - I iit-se hills form an am
"Uid tin- city, and give to
- | ti-pirt-sipteni-ss.
hills still stands the
'■.d-i-„. and the birth-
" *> pointed out with
1 i" Italians.
''"■pal thing that has
latnous is the great at-
- been paid to the the
•i"i.s of paintings and
::! -b as the best in the
nc Michael Angelo’s best
“ere is the \ eiius de Medici,
1 most perfect statue in
•Uul here is Titian’s Venus,
the best colored painting
: the,,-
il,
. 'Vonderful curiosity in this
... " ^"ptistery, where all the
,,r " baptised—some 4,000 or
^“-and annually. The doors
’“M two of them were exe-
1 ‘* jert h "nd they are about
tZ ‘ ar ‘^ ® wide. They repre
ss !■ l ' le creation of Adam,
et e' r °® * ar adise, Noah after the
to Abraham, Esau
'a r .', t Jlrt * 1 ' n nht, Joseph and his
E'th.h ' Ca '’ l ' le "' a ^ s °f Jeri-
v t ^ " r scen es in Bible history'.
' :rj rite' lr ^ C ^ a; l * le w °rk of
!“ ^- ur °De, though there is
. ronze gate in Venice that
cit , us a work of art.
J ls 'ey neat and clean, but
“WISDOM, JUSTICE A^D MODERATION.”
TWO DOLLARS PER ANNUM.
VOLUME XXX.
the houses are quite plain, and the only
peculiarity that I noticed was toe entire
absence of old buildings, and I en
quired of the guide if there were no
poor people in Florence. He replied
that the poor people lived in large
buildings, divided up into very small
tenements, which they got at very low
rent.
After rather a hasty visit to the most
noted galleries of Florence, we departed
for this place, via Bologna, on the 21st.
Between Florence and Bologna, we
crossed the Apennines, affording very-
wild and picturesque scenery for some
30 or 40 miles miles. The road winds
around in the ascent, affording some of
the loveliest views to be found any
where; and passes through twenty-two
tunnels before reaching the summit.
One of these, over a mile long, had the
strange peculiarity of being quite
warm, instead of cold, like all other
long tunnels, and this fact was quite
suggestive of late experience in ascend
ing Mt. Vesuvius. It is quite likely
that Vesuvius does not monopolize all
the pent up fires there are in this sec
lio.i of the globe, but other places—
though they have no ventilation yet—
may, at some time, break forth, and,
perhaps, rival it in grandeur and works
of feaiful destruction.
As we approached the summit of the
mountains, it was very' interesting to
notice the snug little stone houses of
the enterprising inhabitants, stuck into
the steep sides of the mountain, with
little patches of wheat, frequently not
more than three cr four yards wide, on
the natural terraces. But these moun
taineers look as contented and happy
as those who live on the more produc
tive plains below. And it may be very
doubtful whether luxurious living in
creases the rtnl comfort or happiness
of any people. My opinion is that it
does not, and that, take mankind gen-
rally, the middle class—those who
have to labor, and, by practicing rigid
economy, can only supply themselves
with tiie ordinary comforts, and very
rarely with a few of what are termed
tiie luxuries, of life—are by far the
happiest. The fact is, a man who is
never real hungry don’t know what it is
to enjoy good eating, no matter how
luxurious the food might be to one
with a keen appetite ; nor does he ap
preciate rest, unless he has experienced
evere fatigue.
We arrived at Bologna at noon, and
remained until 5 1*. M. We were un
fortunate in getting a guide—accepted
what seemed to be the best that offered,
who could only speak French. My
friend, the Russian Lieutenant, thought
lie could speak that language sufficient
ly to get along with him, but he turned
out to be very stupid—the guide, I
mean,—and we frett&l away most of
our time there in a very unsatisfactory
manner. We visited what is claimed
as the oldest college in the world, in
which Galvani was a professor; a
church erected in the year 700 ; a pic
ture gallery; the cemetery with two
wonderful statues over the gateway,
representing Grief; and an old cathe
dral that has a brass bar extending the
whole length of the marble pavement,
which marks the north and south line,
or meridian, of the place.
or the first 40 or 50 miles, after
leaving Bologna, we were in the midst
of a wide, fertile plain, rich in the usu
il products of this country, but monot
onous to a traveler. We were not in
lit, yet not far from, the AdriaticSea.
Before reaching this city, however, we
passed through a range of beautiful
hills, and witnessed one of those “ gor
geous sunsets,” for which Italy is so
celebrated, but which it has been my
misfortune to see but few of.
Arrived in Venice at 10 P. M., and
took a gondola for Hotel St. Mark,
which fronts on the famous square of
that name.
The very singular and unique features
of this city make it very interesting.
It is built on seventy-two law, muddy
islands—with mere lagoons—at the
north extremity of the Gulf. There is
one grand canal that winds round
through the city, around these islands,
forming a complete letter S by its
course and directions. This canal
varies from SO to 120 feet wide, and its
depth, at low tide, from live to ten feet.
The tide is about three feet here. Be
side this large one, there are 120 small
canals, from 12 to 20 feet wide. All
these 72 islands are completely covered
with buildings, except a very few open
paved squares, and streets lrom six to
twelve feet wide. There are now three
bridges over the grand canal—the old
Rialto, a heavy stone bridge, and two
modern iron ones. All the bridges,
except the two iron ones, are shaped
like the ridge to a house, and have a
stone stairway over them.
Of course, there are no carriages or
horses in this city. The only horses
about the place are three kept in a
public garden outside for a show, and
our guide stated that there are proba
bly 5,000 among the population of 100,-
000 who have never seen a horse.
Nearly every building in the city is
washed by a canal on one side, and all
the transportation is done in gondolas
on the canals. The foundations of all
the buildings are laid by first driving
piles, some 20 feet, into the mud-earth
of these lagoons, and then building on
these. Nearly all the houses are four
five stories high, and built of stone
of brick and stuccoed over. I hose
u.. the grand canal—the old palaces of
the Doges and nobility-have marble
fronts, richly ornamented with col
umn?, statuary, bay windows, etc.
ROME, GEORGIA, WEDNESDAY MORNING, AUGUST 30, 1876.
odj i;
——i
NEW SERIES-NO. 52
.
Many of them now, however, are
browned with age and neglect, and
have quite a dingy appearance. Every
where, one seeB plenty of evidence that
the glory of Venice has departed.
The gondolas are long, black boats,
turned up at both ends, the figure-head
is an enlarged model of Turkish board
ing pike, and most of those intended:
for passengers have a little cabin jnst
high enough to sit in. By a law en
forced since the days of Doges, all gon
dolas have to be made after the same
pattern and color. Tiie reason of the
law for this is said to have been that
the citizens, in their pride and ambition
to excel one another in their “ turn,
outs,” ran into great extravagance, cov
ering them largely with gold and trim
ming with silks and rich velvets. These
boats are of different sizes, and some
of them now have awnings, instead of
the little oval-topped cabins. The me
dium sized ones are generally propelled
by a single gondolier with one oar. He
stands in the rear end and directs it
with great precision, but never changes
his oar from side to the other. No
doubt, there still exists much of the
poetical romance connected with these
famous boats, moonlight excursions,
dark night elopements, with love and
romance generally, but somehow these
black things look too much like hearses
to suit the gorgeous hopes of young lov
ers, and, as is usually the case, stern
Reality plucks the fairest plumes from
Fancy’s wing.
The square of St. Mark, or the Piazza,
as they call it, is the principal place of
public resort, and, in fact, the only
place, outside the public buildings,
where any considerable number would
have room lor assembling. This is an
open, paved court, GOO feet long by 300
wide, without a tree or shrub, or any
thing else, to break the monotony, and
it resembles an open hall. The build
ings surrounding this Piazza are uni
formly four stories high, all of a light
yellow color, and the lower stories in
variably occupied by merchants and
shop-keepers, with a large number of
cafes. Every night, in summer, a fine
band plays here from Si to 10}, and
the gay inhabitants assemble by thou
sands, and seem to have very social,
jolly times. On Sunday night, I think
there were, at least, 5,000 people on
the square. They promenade until
they get a little tired, and then take a
seat at some one of the thousand tables,
set out in front of the cafes, and call for
coffee, wine, beer, ice-cream, or what
ever else they moy want.
The grand masquerades and all large
assemblies are proverbially free from
all disturbances, for it seems to be the
maxim here for everyone to enjoy
himself as he pleases, and allow every
one else the same undisturbed privi
lege.
At the northeast corner of the grand
square is a short, wide street that leads
to the open bay, where large ships can
come and lie at anchor. On the wharf
here are two solid granite pillars, about
30 feet high. On the top of one is a
statue of St. Theodore, the patron saint
of Venice; and on the other is the
winged lion, the symbol of St. Mark.
Between these columns all public exe
cutions took place. As you go from
the grand Piazza to these pillars, you
pass the old palaze of the Doges. This
building, though erected in the four
teenth century, is in a perfect state of “^do not myself believe that slavery
preservation, and many a building 50
years old shows age quite as much as
this. It is 300 feet long, by 150 wide,
and five stories high, and has an open
court in the centre 100 by 50 feet. As
you go through this court, and ascend
the first stairway, you arrive at the very
spot, where, in the name of republican
liberty, hundreds of innocent men
were murdered. At the head of this
staircase is the open lion’s mouth,
where anonymous letters of accusation
were deposited, and woe to the man ac
cused, if he could not prove himself
innocent. In another place, inside the
Senate Hall, is another similar lion’s
mouth, where accusations of political
offenses were deposited. The lion’s
heads have been removed, but the holes
in the wall and the boxes that received
these anonymous communications re
main. The grand assembly room con
tains the largest oil painting in the
world. It is by Tintorello. It repre
sents Paradise, and is S7 by 35 feet.
The Senate Chamber, the Hall of the
Council of Ten, also that of the Three,
are all in perfect preservation, and you
can easily imagine how those masked
men in black crapes looked as they sat
there in silence, and noted the white or
black ball, which gave life or death to
the trembling victim before them.
A canal about 20 feet wide separates
this palace from the prison, and the
notorious Bridge of Sighs, connecting
them, is about 30 feet above the water.
Hundreds and hundreds of good men,
anonymously accused by some coward
ly enemy, were arrested and thrown
into this prison, and wliat became of
them afterwards was never known, ex
cept to the Council of Three; for, after
being condemned the victim was close
ly masked, and even the executioners
did not know whose bodies they carried
far out by night and sunk in the deep
sea.
The Church of St. Mark is one of the
most interesting places about Venice.
It stands at one end of the grand Piaz
za, and, though the present edifice was
commenced in the year 97i, is yet, ex
cept the pavement, in a fine state of
preservation. Over the grand entrance
are four bronze colossal horses
that have traveled quite extensively.
They were cast in Greece, and first
erected in the Hippodrome-in Constan
tinople. When the Venetians captured
that city, they were brought to Venice;
then, when Napoleon captured Venice,
he carried them to Paris; buGifi;4.'il5
they were returned to their preseht lo
cality. This ehuroh is 243 feet loig,
by 171 wide—lias five domes, GOO
piilars. In rich marbles of great
variety .fine tombs, and paintings by the
old masters, it is only excelled by St.
Peter’s Church in Rome. The best
piece of sculptured bronze in the world
is here. Tt is a door, or gate, on which
Sansovani spent tweDty years. It rep
resents Scriptural scenes, in has relief.
The settling of the foundation has
caused the marble pavement to be
somewhat uneven, but the walls show
no signs of decay.
In the church of Santa Maria Gloriaso
de Frari, are the Tombs of Titan and
Conova, and behind the former hung his
firat, beet and last paintings. His first at
the age of 14, is the visitation of St.
Elizabeth, his best The Assumption of
the Virgin, and his last at the age of S5
is The Deposition. From this churcli
we went to the house of Shylock, then to
the first bank in the world, then' to the
first newspaper office, and the took a
gondola down the grand canal and saw
where Othello, and Desdemnna are said
to have died, also the house of Iago, the
last is still owned hy a man of that name.
I have seen no city that so well entcr-
tertains—by its various objects of inter
est—a traveler, as Venice, and would
spend iceeks instead of days here.
_ M. D.
The Campaign Opened.
Speech of Hon. J. W. Wolford, Candidate ior
Elector for the Slate at Large in Georgia
onTildenand Hendricks ticket. Delivered
at Cedarfown, Ga., on the 22nd day of
August. 1876.
Fellow-Citizens : This is an impor
tant era in the history of the
great Republic. A political war is
now being waged between the two politi
cal parties of the country, for the posses
sion of the machinery of the government.
These parties are the Republican party
and the Democratic party. The Repub
lican party has been in power since the
4th of March, 1861, when Mr. Lincoln
was inaugurated President. The issues
which were prominent in the public mind
when he was elected are now dead : in
deed, all the issues between the Republi
cans and Democrats, and which brought
on the late war, and issues which grew out
of its results are dead. The war was
waged to preserve the Integrity of the
Union. Its integrity lias been preserved
and it stands to-day cemented with the
blood, of both sections. If the people
of both sections from now on do their
duty, it will stand forever.
A consequence of that war was the
freedom of the negro held in bondage in
the slave States, the enactment of fundi-
raental and other laW3 for his protection
in all the privilege of a citizens,
and the transfer to him of all the political
rights of any other citizen in the Re
public.
These amendments to the Constitution
and tne laws passed in pursuance of them
are acquiesced in by every mau, wo
man and child in Georgia. So far as my
experience and observation goes, there is
no one here, who would abridge the rights
and the political privilege of the black
was ever a benefit to the Southern peo
pie. I am perfectly confident, that the
Southern people are now universally con
vinced of the truth of this proposition.
And if the question of a re-enslavement
of the black man was to-day submitted to
the people of Georgia, it would be voted
down fifty to one. The tenacity with
which the Southern people clung to the
institution of slavery was not based on
their love of it in the abstract, but was
fostered in the opposition that is bred in
the heart of any one when his rights are
unlawfully invaded by another.
Slavery was peculiar to tiie cotton
States and a few of what was known as
the border States; a great political organ
ization grew up in the Northern section ot
the Union, the avowed purpose of which
was the destruction of this institution
pecular to our section. Our right to the
ownership of slavery was as old as Con
stitution itself, and one recognized by
both the fundamental and statute law.
When therefore a respectable and power
ful organization—composed of the ablest
anil most intelligent men of the North
was created for the express and the sole
purpose of the annihilation of slavery,
the feeling of resistance which God has
planted in the breasts, of all us, came
into play in all its force, and was fed and
vitalized by the protracted and angry dis
cussions indulged in by politicians of
both sections until it culminated in the
the election of Mr. Lincoln and the at
tempted secession of the Southern States
from the Union.
There is not now, and there never has
been a people on the earth who would
have acted differently, and there is not
an intelligent man in world who docs not
know this to be true.
When the Southern people were sub
jugated and their former slaves were de
clared free men and the political equals
of their old masters, and this after one of
the most bloody conflicts on record, the
rational tendency wa3 to make the negro
arrogant, protected as he was by the bay
onets of the government. This taken in
connection with the universal poverty, of
the whites, and the bad uses to which the
negroes were put by bad men after politi-
privileges, were conferred upon them, and
the fact that the negro was being used, as
an element in hostility to the real or sup
pled interests of the whites, produced
naturally an. estrangement between the
races. And this never went to the ex
tent of hostility .on the part of |he
whites to the negro as such but mainly
to the men who used and the mean pur-
poai* to which his voting -powers were
perverted.
If there is a race on earth who under
the same circumstances and the same
provocation would have acted with mpre
forbearance and more charity than the
white people of the South acted
towards the black people after the ,I.iLjLc-r
were freed, I want to see that people, for
they are not of the seed of Adam.
There has never heen a day or an hour
from Jnne, 1865, to this blessed moment
when the black man of-the South did hot
ha-.e a friend in the white man of thd
sam,^section. ’ '
Under the law of Georgia a slave could
not hold property. HI3 accumulations
aiid-eafilings, were carried to the master,
consequently at the “ surrender” in the
spring of 1865, there was not a freedman
in .the State who owned one dollars
worth of properly. There were in June,
1865, in Georgia about SO,000 colored
men over twenty-one years of age.
These colored men have from then tc now,
by their owu exertions supported their
families as renters ou the land.of the
white people and as hirelings to the white
people educated their children more or
less and have accumulated $5,393,885
worth of property. In the next ten
years, with the improved facilities, in
creased knowledge from experience, more
general education, their aggregate proper
ty will go to $30,000,000. For nearly
the whole of the $5,000,000 now
owjpd by the colored men of Geor
gia was made iu the last six years; the
first five years after the “Surrender” was
spent by the colored men in politics, and
in looking for the “forty acres and a
mule” promised by Radical politicians
from the scanty means of tiie Southern
whites.
As a lawyer I have defended a great
many colored people ; every lawyer of
much practice lias done the same thing;
zeal for the client has never abated on
account of color; this is done every day
in every court of Southern States. In
almost every instance this is done without
reward or the hope of it. The better
class of black people do not commit
crimes. More than that, the records of the
courts will show, and to this I challenge
a contradiction, that there is as large a
per cent, of black men acquitted of crimes
by white juries, as are of white, jnctn ac
quitted of crime hy the same juries. I
here assert, and the records will disprove
it if I am wrong, that this is true of every
court in Georgia from the lowest to the
highest.
This I say, to the honor of Georgians
is true, in a State where every officer is a
Democrat, and where almost every black
man is a Republican.
A striking illustration of the feeling,
when uninflnenccd by bad men, that ex
ists iu the South between the blacks and
the whites, is found in the conduct of the
great Bishop Pierce of the Methodist
Church South, meeting the with colored
people of Georgia in their annual confer
ence preaching and praying with them,
and giving them the full benefit of his
ripe experience—pure Christian charac
ter—in |jie management and control of
their affairs as a denomination of Chris
tians. No feeling iu that good man’s
heart but love for his fellows without
reference to the color of their skins.
Another illustration of a class that
might be prolonged indefinitely: Bishop
Ward is a black mau—a very black
man. He was for four years, ending last
spring, the Bishop iu charge of the Meth
odist church o f the colored people in
Georgia. He preached at all places
where his duties called him. Among
other places he preached to the colored
people in Cartersville, where I live; the
white people learning of his presence
they went to hear him; he is a very able,
eloquent man. Sometime afterwards his
business brought him there agaiu; the
desire to hear him had became so general
that lie was invited by universal acclaim
to preach in the Methodist Church of
the white people, the finest building in
the place. Ilis audience was mixed in
color, but was large, respectful and intel
ligent. Nothing but good feeling pre
vailed aud a common desire to hear the
black Bishop agaiu.
The people of Georgia pay annually
of taxes to defray interest on the public
debt and tiie other expenses of the
State Government about $1,300,000.—
Of this amount the colored people pay
$26,969 42. It will be remembered in
this connection there are 121,819 white
males in the State over twenty-one
years of age, and S7 569 colored males
in the State over twenty-one years of
age. Now, in a State every department
of which is governed by white Dem
ocrats, and which pays to the public
school fund of the State over $300,000
annually, and in.which there areabout
400,000 children of-school age both
white and black,' 160,000 of whom are
black, without, reference to the fact
that the total tax paid by all the col
ored people in the State is only a little
over $26,000, and the white people pay
over $1,300,OOQ,'the fund is equally
distributed, and each black child in
Georgia gets, just os much benefit from
the fund as each white child in Geor
gia. Teachers for the white schools
and teachers 'for the colored schools
are examined by the same commis
sioner and paid from the same fund
and precisely ''the' same amounts per
scholar. V _
And yet it is «tid we are the ene
mies of the colored people. In the
light of the truth, I am wilTirig to' sub
mit to a candid world whether' the
charge is true or t&lse, * . . I ■]
It-is not our opinion that the -mass’
of the Northern people wish to do jus
injustice. They have b^en educated,to
their present opinions: what ’ we need
is the'trath presented to their minds.
One hundred years from now, in the
face 61 the tale history will tell, it wjH
appear incomprehensible to impartial
men, that the President of the United
States, he who should know no ser~
tion,-he who should boVe no prejudices,
no partialities, he who should sit as
the goddess of justice, blind to all bnt
perfect equity, should have said in Oie
solemnity of a message to the congress
of the nation, that the officials of one
bUthe greatest States in tiie Union hold
tbeirpkoes by Virtue of'Weans 1 foul
enough to disgrace savages. Yet that
was said without proof to sustain it,
and by a man who sits where Wash
ington once sat.
A distinguished writer in Harper’s
Weekly of this week said in an elabor
ate article, over his own name, upon,
the political situation, that it would re
quire an “influx of gentle school mis
tresses from the North, to educate and
tame the savage spirits of Georgia and
Texas.”
Texas can speak for herself; but as
to Georgia, I ask in the name of her
people where is the outcroppings of
the savage spirit to which this writer
refers ? I here assert, that there is not
a negro church nor school house in
Georgia of any consequence, to the
building of which the money of the
white white people has not been con
tributed. I challenge the whole of
Radicalism to show this is not true.
The immediate cause of the Presi
dent’s gush of passion, the Hamburg
murder, finds no more approval in
Georgia or South Caroliana that it
would find in New York or Massachu
setts. The murder of unarmed and
defenseless prisoners, no matter what
tl-eir personal guilt might be, is an
outrage of such enormity as to meet
the just indignation of every good
man.
The people of South Carolina as a
people, are no more responsible for
thatruffi m act, than are the people of
any community responsible for the
death of an innotent man shotdead by
011 assassin. Yet this is done, in this
country, but too often ; and done North,
South, East and West. Life in no part
of this country is as dear as it ought to
be. Blood runs loo freely and for oc
casions too slight. A drunken, reckless
vagabond, without the fear of God or
man before his face, shoots an inno
cent man dead, or a number of them
combine and do the same thing,and the
community in which it is done is held
up to scorn and contempt for the act.
The latter is a crime of just a little less
magnitude than the other.
Two years ago when the Orangemen
paraded through the streets of New
York, it required all the police force of
of the city to protect them from vio
lence. Without such protection many
lives would have been lost, hundreds
of persons injured and much property
destroyed. That was purely a political
and religious difference. No sensible
man ever thought of holding the city or
State of New York responsible for the
conduct of the Irish Catholics who
menaced the Orangemen with violence
and blood shed ; nor has any sensible
man proposed to hold the better class
of Irish Catholics responsible .for the
conduct of their ignorant and more
supersticious brethren. Yet it could
be done with just as much propriety
and just as much decency and truth as
to hold South Carolina responsible for
the murder of negro prisoners by reck
less, irresponsible men.
I am a supporter of Gov. Tilden,
not because I expect any peculiar fav
ors at his hands for the people of the
South, but because I believe he will
hold the scales evenly, and give an ex
confederate soldier the same protection
under the Constitution that he accords
to the soldiers of the Union. So far as
I am concerned I ask no more; I be
lieve the Southern people expect no
more.
I was as j’ou know a delegate from
the State at large to the St. Loui3 Con
vention. I went there a Tilden man
because I believed him the most faith
ful exponent of an idea that ought to
prevail in this country, and that is the
idea of Reform in the administration
of the government. The Western dele
gates to the St Louis Convention com
plained to the Southern delegates that
they had entered into a combination
with tiie people of the East—an alliance
they said wholly unnatural and unpre
cedented. They said a-natural affinity
exists between the Western and North-
Western people and the Southern peo
ple. Those to whom I talked, I told we
had but one purpose in our course and
that was to secure the nomination of
the best men who could be elected, and
the best man was the man most accept
able to the Northern Democrats. That
Mr. Tilden seemed the best and most
practitable representative of the most
popular idea. That we recognized in
Mr. Tilden the fact that he was an un
compromising Union Democrat during
the war; that his opposition to us had
ceased only when our hostility to the
government ceased. That we felt the
hand of power heavily upon us; and
heavier than it bears upon the people in
other sections. That small afiairs with
ns, are magnified for political purposes
into huge mountains of sin; that what
we ask is no favor, but simply an equal
right; to stand before the jaw wijh the
negroes' who live anlCng Us. *
And more than that, the Republican
party is shown to have served its pur
pose. There is no longer any- national
'demand Tor its existence. Abuses have
grown htr with its long lease of power,
and it’s impossible for it to reform itself.
Experience proves no political party
has ever done so, and there is nothing
in the conduct of the Republican party
to proVe it an exception to that well es
tablished rule.
If the Democratic party was in power
just as long, it would no doubt become
just ns corrupt. The country will profit
by a change.
The platform as adopted by both
parties, makes reform the watch-cry and
slogan of their songs.
Can the Republican party make good
its promises with Gov. Hayes as Presi
dent of the United States ? I say not,
and will attempt to show you why.
I have never believed General Grant
personally' corrupt. I have never be
lieved' that he directly or indirectly
shared iu the plunder with which many
of his officers have enriched themselves.
Nor Is Gen. Grant a weak man. To the
contrary he is a strong man. He is not
a statesman, as we ordinarily under
stand that word, but he is a man of
ability and great personal courage.
Now that I concede his personal in
tegrity and courage, it is equally fair to
say that his administration of the af
fairs of this government has not been a
success. For while his own hands are
clean, it is universally known that cor
ruption, fraud and peculation have
crept into high places; his ministers
have been detected in crime; villiany
has been traced to his personal staff.
In a word, Gen. Grant’s administration
is without a precedent in the matter of
defaults, frauds upon the government
and peculation on the part of high offi
cials. It is to be doubted if more cor
ruption was ever shown in any country
among those entrusted with power.
Then I say, if all of this has grown
up under the very nose of Gen. Grant,
and he unable to detect and stop it,
how is it possible for a man like Gov.
Hayes to do it? Governor IIaye3 is
personally honest; so is Gen. Grant;
but Gov. Hayes is one of those routine
commonplace, genteel, quiet gentlemen
who will do his individual duty as he
understands it, but who lacks the ele
ments necessary for a reformer to a much
greater degree than Gen. Grant. Is it
not folly then to expect of a man like
Gov. Hayes what a man like Gen. Grant
has been unable to accomplish ? Gov.
HayeS is now serving his third term as
Governor of Ohio; has served several
sessions in Congress; but he has failed
to leave his impress on the country in
any, except to say he has never stolen
anything and discharges' faithfully the
duties of his position according to his
ability. Is it not a sad commentary
upon American Statesmanship, that it
has come to the point where a candi
dates chief recommendation is, that he
has never stolen anything ?
Governor Tilden possesses, in an em
inent degree, the elements of a reformer.
First, he is possessed of a high order of
ability; he has an iron will, tireless en
ergy ; and last, but not least, he has a
deathless hatred of rogues.
The Democratic party has given an
earnest of its intentions to reform and
economize in the expenditure of public
money.
The present House of Representatives
of Congress has a Democratic majority.
The Republicans call it the Confederate
House of Representatives. All I wish
for is that the people of the United
States may never have a House which
legislates less in the interests of the
people than the present one. If all
that are to follow do as well, the coun
try will prosper.
We will look now at a few items of
savings to the country But, before we
do that, I will ask you to note if the
machinery of the Goverdraent does not
run just as well for the next year as it
has for the last.
Take the fortifications first; The
Government asked for an appropriation
of $3,406,000. House committee, where
all appropriations must originate, rec
ommended $315,000. It was so passed
in both Houses; over $3,000,000 saved
there. Congress, la it year—it was a
Republican "’Congress — appropriated
$ 17,001,006.40 to the Navy. Govern
ment this year asked for $20,871,606.10;
House passed hill giving $12,432,Boo. 10;
Senate recommended an increase on
House bill so as to make it $10,1G7,S55-
.40. On conference between the Senate
and the House, the bill was passed for
$12,740,355.40. Little over $8,000,000
was saved there.
The last Congress appropriated for
postoffice department $S37G,205. Gov
ernment asked this year for $8,431,602.-
99; Senate recommended $7,2SS,G17;
bill, as finally passed on conference be
tween the Senate and House, $5,997,-
498. Nearly $3,000,000 saved there.
If House bill had passed the Senate,
over $4,000,000 would have been
saved.
For the army, last Congress appro
priated S27,933,S30. Government asked
this year for $33,343,748.50; House ap
propriated S23,179,819.52 ; Senate rec
ommended $27,717,877.20; the bill, as
finally passed on conference between
the Senate and House, $25,9S7,1G7.
saved there, nearly SS,000,000.
To sundry civil service bill -ast Con
gress appropriated $26,644,350. Gov
ernment asked this year for $32,560,475;
House appropriated $14,857,326.54;
Senate recommended 818,501,601,24;
square one month*. $ ^ jj®
Oae'iqaaro three months*..... *..*..
One square six months-*..*.******
One square twelve months *..*.
One-fourth column one month.........*.*
One-tourth column threo months —
One-fourth column six months
Ono-fourth column twelve months.**.*.
One-half qolomn.one month.*
One-half column throe months
One-half column six months*...*
One-hall column twelve months*
One column one month.......*....*.. *.— •><> VJ
One column three months...* .*..****.-• v®
One column six months 7 tot
One column twelve monll.s.:.-I' 1 -
jar The foregoing rates are fir. c.iiie; 'ffeoklj-
or Tri-Weekly. When published in both jmpers,
:»JUer t'rtjttirHbSia.upon »abfe>*t«l.
bill, as;fitJ$lly pasted pu conference be
tween the Senate an^l House,- $16,357,-
901x47. Amount saved there, about
Si6,000,000.
Savings made in appropriations to
Navy yard, public buildings, etc., by
j>he 'House, is^evar hall" *ur million ol
dollars. Appropriations to the Military
academy lastyear,$361,710. < rovcrruiient
asked, for this rear, $137,470; House
appropriated $231j241 y bill,..as finally
passed on conference between ibe Sen
ate and the House, $290,035. An*nurit
sa7ed, about $150,000.
LastCongress appropriated an Indian
bill, -5,360,554.55. Government asked
for this year,,$5,7S7,995.60 ; House ap
propriated $3,979,602; Senate recom
mended $495,361.27; bill, as finally
passed pn conference between Senate
and House, $4,'670,117.02. About $1,-
000,000 saved there.
If the Senate had passed the House
bill far appropriations to the Consular
and diplomatic service, the saving
would have been about $-100,000; but,
as finally passed on conference, it saved
only about $30,000.
To the Legislative appropriation bill
the la3t Congress appropriated $18,932,-
23q. Government asked this year for
$20,836,307; House appropriated S12,-
998,895; Senate recommended $16,035,-
33S; bill, as finally passed on confer
ence between the Senate and House,
$15,373,960. About $5,000,000 saved
there.
Last year, Congress gave, by the usu
al appropriation bills, $177,663,327.
Government asked for this year, on
same bills, $203,099,025 ; House appro-
propriated $137,233,135; Senate recom
mended for same purpose $159,260,598;
bills, as finally passed on conference
between the two Houses, $147,719,674;
it will thus be seen that amount actu
ally, between that given by the last
Congress and what was given by the
present Congress, is 829,944,253. If the
Republican Senate had passed the ap
propriation bills as they passed the
Democratic House, the saving between
what was given last year and what
would under Housebills have been given
this year, would have been $-10,430,192,
And if they had not been there, a con
stant menace to the Republican rulers
in their extravagance, the appropria
tions would have heen what was asked
for by the Government, to-wit: $203,-
099,025: the difference between that
asked by the government officers and
what the House on conference with
the Senate, is $55,379,951. The last is
the actual amount saved to the people
of the United States by a Democratic
House. If the bills had passed the
Senate just as they did the House, the
actual saving between what would have
been given and what the Government
officials asked for, would have been
SG5,S05,S90.
A Democratic House of Representa
tives has, in time of peace, saved more
money from the civil expenses of the
Government for one year than was
spent by President Polk in the same
time in carrying on a war in a foreign
country, including all civil expenses at
home.
Is this not an earnest of the good
faith of the Democratic party, and of
the public virtue of the Confederate
House of Representatives, as some Re
publicans call it ?
In what I have said I have attempted
to establish these propositions—every
one of which can be established lay the
record:
1. That the Southern people are not
the enemies of the black man.
2. That Southern people are the
friends of the black man.
3. That in the Southern States, espe
cially in Georgia, the colored people
enjoy all the political privileges of the
white people, and all the immunities of
the white people.
4. That in Gecrgia tiie percentage of
the increase of the property of the col
ored people is greater under Democratic
rule, than it was before Gov. Bullock
fled from the State.
5. That the percentage of the increase
of the property of the colored people
is greater in Georgia which is ruled by
Democrats, than in South Carolina,
which is govet ned by carpet-baggers at id
negroes. Provided, the office-holding
negroes who have stolen fortunes are
excluded from the estimate.
6. That the Republican party cannot
reform itself.
7. That Gen. Grant lias more of the
qualities of a reformer than Gov. Hayes,
and if Gen. Grant can’t purify the party
it’s impossible for Gov. Hayes to do it.
S. That the Democracy lias proven its
faith by its work; it has inaugurated
reform and economy in the administra
tion of the government.
9. That it has for its candidate, the
embodyment of the reform movement,
Gov. Tilden.
10. That the corruption day exists in
the Republican party.
If these propositions arc true, then
the Republican party ought to be de
feated, and the Democratic party ought
to succeed.
Death of a Distinguished Divine.
—The Rev. Wm. Hooper, I). D., L. L.
~,, died on Sunday at Chapel Hill,
. C., after an illness of several weeks,
the advanced age of eighty years.
Dr. Hooper entered the pulpit and the
professor’s chair, at an early age, filled
professorships in the North Carolina
University, and other institutions, and
for years was connected with the South
Carolina College. He was a ripe schol
ar and able divine and accomplished
much good during his long life.
Georgia ha3 forty cotton mills, aud
that’s what ails New England.—Detroit
Free Pres*.
fit
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