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the ALBANY PATRIOT,
,« rinuwti) ivnr TnwwBM aotioxn, n
NELSON TIFT & SETH N. BOUBHTON,
Editor* and Proprietor*.
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POETRY.
HOME AND FRIENDS.
Oh, tliere’s a power to make each hour
As sweet as heaven designed it;
Nor need v.o roam to bring it homo,
Though few there be tint bud it!
We seek too high for tilings close by,
And lose what nature found ua;
Kor lite hath here no charms so dear
As home and friends around us I
W« oft destroy the present joy
For fntnre hopes—and praise them;
Whilst dowers as sweet bloom at our feet.
If we'd but stoop to raise them I
For things afar still sweetest are ■
U'lirn youth’s bright spell hath bound n*;
got noon we’re taught tliat earth hath nought
Like Home ahd Friends around us!
The friend* that speed in time of need,
When Hope's last reed is shaken,
To *huw us still, tliat, como what will,
We are not quite forsaken:
Tlmnoh all w ere night—if but the ljgbt
From lVcnd>lii’’« alter crown’d ns,
Tivnuld prove the bliss of earth wa* this—
Our Homo and Friends around us!
I'rom Ih Wanhin ton Union.
THE RE-ORGANIZATION OF THE
MILITIA.
Mr. Black, of South Cnrolinn, from (lie
Committee on the Militia, hits submitted to
the House o! Representulivcs the following
report, ncconipunied by u bill which curries
the proposed system into its necessary d:>
tails. \Vc lay the report before our renders,
because h is essentially important, among
a free people, to give the greatest practica
ble efficiency at all limes, nnd especially at
tins nine, to this great arm of the public
service—this “cheap defence of nations”—
lull which will neither lie cheap nor effi
cient unless it be properly and actively or
ganized ; and because I he system proposed
in the hill from the committee is eminently
worthy of the public attention. The statis
tics embraced in the report are as cheering
as they arc instructive.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, JAN. 27, 184G.
Mr. J. A. Black, from the Committee on
|he Militia, mode the following report:
The Committee on the Militia, in submit
ting to the House “a kill more cffectual-
)y to provide for the national defence by
organizing and classifying the militia of
the United Stales, nnd providing for call
ing the same into the service of the U.
States, and for other purposes,” beg
leave respectfully to report:
Thai your committee have given to the
subject that grave consideration which its
importance to justly merits; and while
they abstain from any labored argument to
vindicate the importance, not to say the
necessity, of a wcl) regulated militia, they
deeittit not inappropriate to present-io the
the general considerations
House briefly „
which have influenced them to recommend
the adoption of the proposed measure, to
gether with an explanation of its leading
feature*. , , •
If it be the will of Heaven thai the liber,
tics and institution* of >hi* country shall be
? received and perpotualcd,. our main dc-
ence must essentially remain in the hands
nf a well armed and organized citizen sol
diery. . A large standing army in time of
peace U not only contrary to the nature of
our institutions and uncalled for hy the cir
cumstances of the country, but is equally
inefficient ns a reliable means of national
ilefe nee at the approach of danger. Sit tint
ed as we are, at a distance from tho powers
of Europe, and with no equal power on
this continent, wc may reasonably hope
that, in a'continued course of justice and
commercial good offices to all nations, our
wars will be few and after long intervals of
peace. The effect* of peace on a standing
army the last thirty yean sufficiently dr-
'noMfrate. From superannuated officers,
die country can hope for but lUths of that
efficiency which might be in keeping with
the gallantry of their youth; nnd while the
committee would be the last to deny to
them the gratitude and care of the country
t« past services, yet experience teaches
that the public safety forbids a reliance up-
'bem in the boor of danger. The sub
alterns are younger men, and, at a heavy
cost, are scientific; but it must not be for
gotten that, entering the army in time of
profound peace, many of them are encum
bered with families, and all more or less
enervated by the case and luxury of a peace
establishment. They are but ill calculated
for the duties of the field, or for anv thing
more than drill sergeants or men of mere
routine. It is true that in this they have
their uses, but they cannot be relied on us
a main defence.
Another great objection to a standing
army in lime of peace is the vast increase
which it brings to the patronage of the gov
ernment, already fcariullv, it not ruinously,
great.
Of all exiting governments, we are
most prone to imitate, in oar practice, that
of Great Britain. Deriving our descent
from the same people, s|ieaKing the same
language, and iu constant nml intimate in
tercourse, wc unconsciously adopt the hab
its and modes of thought of that country ;
and, unfortunately, .exhibit a dangerous
dpiitudc for imitation in all things.
In Great Britain the vast church estab
lishment and the immense army and navy
nfiord ample provision for the dependents
ol influential men and families. In this
country, thank Heaven ! we have no
church establishment; and, as yet, but a
small army und navy. But small as they
ore, the exert ions of those who arc disposed
to term a separate class from the great body
of the industrious community, mid lo find
sanctuary in the unuy and navy, are fre
quently more strenuous and zealous in
seeking a cadet’s appointment or a mid
shipman's warrant, than in reaching the
higher motions ol’ the government. In
view of the great danger from this source, it
becomes our imperious duty to guard
against the tuulign influence of such a dis
position, nnd to remove all apparent neces
sity for any tiling more limn a mere skele
ton army in lime of peace, with the ready
fuciliiy of a temporary increase in limes of
war or imminent danger. The first nnd
most important step to effect this object is
the organization ot an efficient militia. A
disposition, which has been evinced in the
community of late years, to suffer the mili
tia to fall into utter disorganization, is
eqtiully apparent and alarming, and, if not
arrested, must inevitably-result in a heavy
and increased |>citce establishment. Such
uu establishment, though it may not en
danger the liberties ol the people by its
force of arms, will exert n most disastrous
influence both upon the government and
society, by increasing the patronage of the
one, ami corrupting ilie momls of (Tie other.
Impressed with these views, your commit
tee have labored to make the militia efl|-
cient in limes of danger, and, at the same
lime, relieve it of unnecessary burdens in
times • of peace. To effect this, the bill
provides for classifying the militia, and for
an enrolment in times of peace, including
only those between the ages of twenty-one
and thirty years, together with the present
unform companies nnd volunteer corps;
while the enrolment for a war establish
ment includes all able to do malitia duty
between the ages of eighteen and forty-five
years, the clergy only except.
From the best data before the committee,
they are led to believe that the pence en
rolment will number about j(l,Olltt,tiOtl) one
million, nnd the war enrolment about (2,-
7;iii,0II.i) two millions seven hundred thou
sand men; so that in times of peace, mili
tia duty will fall on little more than one-
third, thus effecting a great suving in lime
to the community, while a perfect organi
zation is preserved, in order to a full enrol
mem in tne event of war.
The bill further provides that all of the
first class when draughted into the service
of the United States in lime of war, may
be required to serve twelve months—and
one year in every period of three years, if
ifeccssary. But their pay is increased by a
liberal allowance of (84. i) forty dollars per
annum in lieu of clothing, while substitu
tion in all cases whatever, is now legalized
for the first time. This will enable com
panies or corps, by a joint fund, to hire
substitutes or to stand the draught; and
enrol themselves in a separate and distinct
corps, and thus become liable'to furnish
recruits for the regular army in the propor
tion of oue to ten of their number. This
position they assume voluntarily, and with
out coercion of any kind Should they
refuse or neglect thus to enrol themselves,
they arc placed, by the law, in the first
class, and ore only Kabie to such duty as
is required in common from ail their fellow
citizen?. But should they avail themselves
of the privilege os vour committee believe
they will, the class which must number
from one million to one million two hun
dred thousand would be able immediately
to give onc-ten.h that number of recruits
to the regular army. It is not supposed,
however, that the whole number would be
required at once. Congress most likely
would husband the means of defence, by
calling out from one-half to three-fourths of
the supply of recruits, leaving the balance
to fill up the army at such times as the ex
igencies of the service might require.
Even with this liberal supply of recruits
to tile regular army, the committee have
no disposition lo limit the necessary de
fences of the country. Thcv offer these
means additional to those which already
exist; and should the supply of recruits
proposed lo be raised by this bill prove in
sufficient, there is nothing to prevent Con
gress, in limes of great public daugcr, from
increasing the army by the usual method
of enlistment.
The exemption allowed to those fur
nishing recruits!* not intended to limit the
means of the Slate respectively, or prevent
them from a full control over all their mili
tia in cases or insurrection, invasion or al
arm.
The committee propose that only regu-
these government would never require at
one lime more (ban l-5tl» of the 1st class,
(3»H»,t)ttO) three hundred thousand,
and 1-ltith of the Sd class would make
(120,013) one hundred and twenty thou
sand. Of these last, government could will
out at once from («o,iM0) sixty to (80,000)
eighty thousand, leaving as a reserve from
(40,000) forty to (6tyM») sixty thousand,
which would be more than sufficient lokeep
up the force first called out for it period of
five years’ war. If, then, the government
should find it necessary to enter into anv
great contest with a powerful enemy, it
coiiht carry it on for five years, under 'this
system, without calling out the same man
twice, or without asking for more than one
in ten of the second class. All which
respectfully submitted..
FORGIVE AND FORGET.
*r ns Atrmoa or u fboyeebixl nnuosonrv.”
Wires streams of ankindnem as bitter as gall.
Babble op from the heart to the tnngne.
And Meekness is writhing is torment and thrall,
By the hands of Ingratitude wrung—
In the heat of injustice, enwept and unfair,
While the anguish is festering yet,
Nooe, none hot an angel of Gud can declare
“I now can forgive and forget."
But, if the bad spirit is chased from the heart.
And the lips are in penitence steeped.
With the wrong so repented the wrath will depart,
Though scorn on injustice were heaped;
For the best compensation is paid for all ill,
•When tlie cheek with contrition is wet.
And every one feds it is possible still,
At onco to forgive and forget.
To forget ? It is hard for a man with a mind,
However liis heart may forgive,
To blot out all perils nnd dangers behind,
And but for the future to live;
Thqn how shall it ha J for at every turn
Recollection the spirit will fret,
And the ashes of injnry smoulder and burn,
Though we strive to forgive and forget.
Oh, hearken! my tongue shall the riddle unseal,
And mind shall be partner witli heart,
While tlico to thyself I bid conscience reveal,
And show thee how evil thou art;
Remember thy follies, thy sins, and—thy crimes,
How vast is that infinite debt t
Yet Mercy hath seven by seventy times
Been swift to forgive and forget
Brood not on insults or injuries old,
For thou art injurious too—-
Count not the sum till the tout Is told.
For thou ait unkind and untrue;
And if ull thy harms are forgotten, forgiven,
Now mercy with justice is met
Oh, who would not gladly tako lessons of Heaven,
Nor learn to forgive und forget f .
Yes, yes, let a man when his enemy weeps,
Be quick fo receive him a friend;
For thns on his head in kindness he heaps
Hot coals—to refine and amend:
And hearts that are Christian more eagerly yearn,
As a nurse on her innocent pet
Over lips that once bitter, to penitence turn,
And whisper, Forgive and forget
THE ORANGE” TREE INSECT.
Our friends on the scnconst of georgia
and Florida, <ire doubtless aware that n
lariy licensed preachers of the gospel shuli
be exempted froai militia service. They
hold that nil public burdens should fall as
equally as |>os?ible on every member of the
community, nnd, in times of public danger,
all xhould tlo their duty. Tlic lntv should
suffer no favored class to exist; under the
bill, in fact, there could be no apology for
exemptions, as nil are allowed to furnish
substitutes when called into service. Those
who arc unwilling to fight, or have better
employ iiienl at Lome, should at least lie
willing to pay others liberally who are wil
ling to fight *the battles of tlie- country.
In time of peace there is no duty required
of those between tlic ages of eighteen and
twenty-one years, thus forbearing to inter
fere with the relations of parent aud child,
and master nnd apprentices, or with the
pursuits and acquisition of education in
youth. Of those between the ages of
twenty-one nnd thirty years, duty is re
quired; but no duly is required of those
between the ages of thirty and forlv-fivc
years. Whatever advantages or disad
vantages may seem to attach to the one or
the other class are fully equalized and dis
tributed, as will readily appear, when it is
remembered that in a succession of years
every one is called to pass through each
class.
The only thing in the bill which may be
supposed to bear heavily on any portion of
the community is the extension of the time
ofdratight to twelve months. But when
the increase of pay, provided for in case of! specific against the scaly insect, that lias
a draught for six months ot more, is taken wrought sulsh devastation among the far-
into consideration, together with the prjv- famed orange groves of St. Augustinge,
ilege of substitution and the facilities of in- has been discovered in England. Has it
creasing thei regular army in lime of war, been tried in this country 1 OristheAme-
s r r .
RAPID PROSPERITY OF OHIO; 4
Ohio was s wilderness, exdtoiVelS
pied by the Indians, until ness th* close of
the last century. In 18HU its, population
amounted to 45,865, in the nett ten tehrt
it had increased live fold, and- in- tk* leh
which followed it ngnin doubted: - Id’1842
it had mi rhed 1,6011, DUO souls, all fro*, and
almost without any edmixtura of the col
ored race. In this short interval the : fort
es! Imd been transformed .into- a- land-of
steam boats, canals, and flourishing town*;
nnd would have been still mot* populous
hod not iltonsnndsof its netv settle!* emi
grated still further weal into Indiana nnd
Illinois. A portion of the public works
which accelerated this marvellous prosper*
ity were executed w ith foreign capital, but
the interest of the whole has been punctual
ly paid by direct tax. There is no ether
example in history, either in the old M new
world, of so sudden a rise of n large coun
try to opulence and power. The Sloth
contains nearly ot wide an extent of arable
land ns England, all of moderate elevation,
so rich in its alluvial plains as to be crop-
tied thirty or forty years without manure,
having abundance*of fine timber, a tem
perate climate, many large navigable fib
ers, a ready communication through Lake
Erie with ihe north and east, and by tho
Ohio with Ihe south and weel, and, lately,
abundances of coal in its eastern counties.
I am informed that, in tho begining of the
present year, 1842, the foremost band of
emigrants have reached the Platte ' River,
a tributary to the: Missouri. This point i*
said to be only linlf-wnv betweeh tlie At
lantic and the Rocky Mountains, and the
country beyond the "present frontier is as
fertile as ilini already occupied. De Toc-
quevillc calculated that along the borders
of the United Slates, from Lake Superior to
the Gulf of Mexico, extending a distance
of more than 1,2m) miles ns the bird flics,
ihe whites advance every year at n mean
rote of seventeen miles j and he truly ob
serves, that there is a grandeur and solem
nity in this gradual and continuous march
of ihe European race towards the Rocky
Mountains. He compares it fo "a deluge
of men rising ttnnbntcdly, and daily driven
onwards by tho hand of God.”—Lyeltt
Travel* in North JhnericSk
it is believed that this extention of the
time of service is neither oppressive nor
likely to increase the whole period of duty
beyond what is now required, while the
change is too obviously productive of grea
ter efficiency in the service to require
proofs.
To those nt all acquainted with the mili
tary service, it is a notorious fact, that from
three to six months’, drill is necessary to
make a soldier really serviceable in the field.
Under a draught or three or six months,
our militia, no utalier what may be their
gallantry or firmness, are often sacrificed
for want of discipline, and very frequently
discharged at the very moment when they
become capable of being really uselul to tlie
each who may ba draughted can cither eonntry. By the law of 1838, our militia
serve himself or hire a substitute. The re- was subjected to six months? service out of
suit, most probably, should this bill be- every twelve; by the bill, they are sub-
come n law, will be, Hint such os choose jeeted to twelve months? service out of illic
it bear a part in the active defence of the ty-six. Tlie amount of service, therc-
counlry will receive liberal contributions fore, required bv this bill, compared lo the
from such as remain al home in the ease requisitions of tliat act, is in fact reduced,
nnd comfort of tbeir firesides. It is true ihe act of 1838 has expired by ils
Our uniform companies and volunteer own limitation, while ibis is proposed to be
corps are retained so long ns they may permanent; but it is equally true, that all
choose lo preserve their organization.— demands on ihe militia, except in cases of
They are, however, subject to be called in- insurrection, invasion, or alarm, must be
to service for twelve months at a time, but made with thesanction of Congress, which
not to exceed one year in three, whenever snffcienilyguardstheexrerciseof the power
their services shall be deemed necessary against the danger of executive caprice in
to the government. But when called out, it* use. That this lengthened term of
an allowance of ($4<>) forty dollars per draught may have a tendency to sirength-
annttm to each, as compensation for uni- cit ihe government in times of public dan-
form, is to be made; and each corps or ger, vonr committee will not deny; but
company la to aerve as a whole under its at the same tune, they feel that it was the
own officers, and, where danger shall be object of 'hose who formed our institutions
encountered, shoulder to shoulder with .to make them strong in war, and os little
their own comrades. This the committee
deem doe to men who, even in times of
peace, have manifested n proper military
onerous as possible in time of peace.
If the committee be right in supposing
that all the people in the United States
spirit/and upon whom the country, there- liable to do militia dnty, aocordingto the
fore, in limes of danger, could confidently j requirements of the bill, amount in number
ro j v . i lo two millions seven hundred thousnnd,un-
To the second class, including those be- der a full war enrolment there will be in
tween the ages of thirty and forty-five years the first class about one million five hun-
the bill allows the privilege, on n general died thousand, and m the second, else* one
enrolment in time of threatened danger, to'million two hundred thousand. But .of
rican insect the same that infests orange
trees in England? Mr. Downing, in his
“Fruilsnnd Fruit Trees of America,” page
543, says:—Tlic orange plantations of
Florida have suffered very severely within
a few years, from the attack of the scale
insect (Cccut Uispcridum) which in some
cases has spread over whole plantations nnd
gradually destroyed all the trees. It
is the same small, oval, brownish insect so
common in qttr green-houses, which ad
heres closely'to the bark aud underside of
the leaves. ’ All efforts lo subdue it in Flor
ida have been nearly unavailing.
A specific, however, Mr. D. says ngninsl
this insect has lately been discovered in
England. It is .the use of the common
Chamomil*. It is stated (hat merely hang
ing up bunches of fresh chamomile' herb in
the branches, destroys the scaled insect,
nnd that cultivating the plants at the roots
of the trees, is an effectual preventive to
the attacks of this insect. Where the bark
nnd leaves are much infested, we recom
mend the stem and branches to be well
washed with an infusion of fresh chamo
mile in Water, and tho foliage to lie well
syringed with the same. Repeating ibis
once or twice, will probably effectually rid
the trees of the scaled insecL—South. Cul.
RELIGIOUS.
The Roman Catholics of Washington
City are about erecting a magnificent place
of worship, the cost of which, it is said,
will amount to $750UO. They have three
Chniches there already, besides a Convent,
College, and a society of Sisters of Mercy
in the adjoining town of Georgetown. The
same sect in Charleston intend erecting a
large Carhedral at the comer of Broad and
Friend-streets, near where St Finnbar’s
now stands, the funds for which we are
told, nrerapidly coining in from our citixens,
who have so far subscribed liberally. It
will be borne in mind that lq this spot ore
deposited the remain* of that great and
goqd imn, Bishop England—a name en
deared to citizens of tut denominations.
“The 'black regiment»’ which- Mr. Gid-
ding* stales Great Britain threaten* to pour
in ot) tho Gulf States, for that purpose,
from their emancipated West India Islands
iusiooci of freeing their sable kindred here,
would find themselves ‘put up to all they
know,’ to save their own wool. We know-
nothing which would tend to bring our
|H>|)iilaiion into the field with- ouch eager
ness and unanimity ns that capital idea of
the negro regiments Three or four thou
sand negroes lo be had-for Ihe catching, do
not turn up every day. They are tho very
felllows wanted in the new cotton fields of
the West, nnd wo opine most of them will
lie there within two months after landing,
in fact the affair, instead of being a battle,
would only be tne tallest sort of a hunt.
Montgomery Journal.
ashes! ~!.• ; 1 ’ ’
As a manure, ashes, on certain soils, are
invnluulile. V< o have frequently experi
enced the beneficial effects resulting front
t eir application, but never more convinc
ingly than (luting the present year. On n
piece of corn, containing about two staiutu
acres, wc applied about twenty bushels of
ashes and a little quunliiy oi gypsum, or
plaster of Paris—the ashes being applied on
every other row in order that the compara
tive value of the two articles might be ac
curately ascertained.
The result of this experiment was per
fectly in accordance wit It our previous
observations. Through the entire season,
the rows on which the ashes were applied,
took the lend, and nt harvest produced
one-third more corn than those which had
the gypsum. . ) . ’
*aV» c would commend toeveryone lo urn
nil the house ashes he possibly can. Even
leached ashes are two valuable to be thrown
away. Applied as top-dressing to grass
land's, they produce important effects.
One of'the most substantial farmers in
Massachusetts^ writing us on the subject,
says: — —
“I am now more fully than ever per
suaded of the value of aahes as a manure!
Nothing, iu the whole catalogue of man
ures, compares with them on my land.—
At the distance of nearly two' miles form
the sen-shore, I sowed, in 1835, ttvrldyrtii»
and a half bushels to the acre. The sui
eras a thin, clayey Ion in. nrd the. result of
the application was a crop fif cxcellebt clea
ver, where, for yearsj nothing had grown
but nwillen and rye. - The brad has not yet
forgot the application; ihe gmad On the
soil with ashes being greener and for more
luxuriant than on that where: no eneh opx
plication has bean made. On corn, beans
and wheat, ashes, leached or unleached,
operate with the beet effects. Fvmtcrl.v
we were in the practice of dUfroteg ofouir
ashes at from a shilling to twenty cents
per bushel; but experience has bow opened
our eves, nnd wo nire' purchasing all wd
can n't double the fortns*-price.” : ’
Maine Cultivator.
■- si I. T 1
being *n ineresto of 20,110 over last ye*r.
