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From tin X. Y. American. Less than a year ago, a girl appa rently about 19 years of age, of mild, modest, and interesting deportment, made application to the District At torney of this city, for assistance and redress, under the following ciruin stances: About a year previous, she had arrived a stranger in this country from Switzerland, with a brother about 16 years ol age. They had inet with disappointment in obtaining the assis tance they had been led to expect; and although her family was respecta ble, but notaflluent in her native laud, she was induced to become a govern ess in a respectable private family,and her brother was bound by indentures to a shoemaker in the city. She com plained that her brother was ill treat ed by his master, who not only refused to pav the amount stipulated in the agreement, hut had otherwise abused and injured him. The District Attor ney inquired into the matter, and ha ving reason to believe the statement well founded, caused an indictment to be preferred against the shoemaker, who was brought to answer at the Court of Sessions, lie employed counsel and resisted the claims ol jus tice and humanity. He was cast, how ever in the suit, compelled to pay the stipulated pittance to the boy, ami the indentures were cancelled. Much gratitude was expressed at the time by the sister and brother, for the in terference of the public authorities in rescuing a helpless and unprotected stranger from the power of his op pressor. Nothing however of a parti cular nature was heard from them un til yesterday, when the young woman presented to the District Attorney a written testimonial of the gratitude of the father and of the magistrates of the Canton of Vaud, for the protec tion afforded to one of their youths in a foreign land. She had stated the circumstance in a letter to her fattier, and the document alluded to was en closed in his reply. It is written in French, and we have obtained permis sion to translate and publish it, as an indication of the simplicity of charac ter, the strong love of justice, and the paternal solicitude felt by a little political family among the mountains of Switzerland, towards each of its members, wherever they may be dis persed. -Although the act of our pub lic officers of justice was only perform ed in the regular discharge of their duty, for which they will neither ask nor expect peculiar commendation, vet such an expression from a distant country, and from those who among the nations around them have been in the habit of seeing the weak crushed with impunity by the strong, cannot hut afford gratification, at the same time that it confers honor upon our judicial system, whose independent regard for impartial justice, is thus publicly testified in an interior pro vince in Europe. Vaux sur Morgues, Canton of Vaud. } Switzerland, 15th Aug. 1823. ) Air. Advocate. —I hardly know how to express to you my thanks and my gratitude for the goodness you have show n to my son anti daughter, res pecting a law suit they hid in the U. States',in which you were good enough to be their adviser and protector; and in the conduct of which you have not only exhibited admirable talents, but the goodness, the zeal, and the disin terestedness, which characterize u per fectly honest man. I also beg to thank the gentlemen Judges and Jurors ofthe Tribnnal.who rendered justice to two young people without friends or protectors, and far from their country. The blessing of God will be extended upon a country which produces magistrates of sucli integrity, and who exercise justice with equal impartiality justice and kindness towards foreigners. Accept, Mr. Advocate, the sincere wishes 1 make for your continual pros perity, and that of the Judges and Ju rors of the Tribunal of the United States. LOUIS BRIANT. The Municipality of Vaux, met un der the Presidency of the Syndic, con siders it a duty and a pleasure to thank you, Mr. Advocate, for the act of be nevolence which you have rendered to two young people, natives of our‘Com mune.’ W e express also our just gra titude towards the worthy magistrates nt New-\ ork, who did such good jus rice to these young people—which is not only engraven on our hearts, but of which the official record shall be deposited among our archieves, as an eternal memorial of our lati tude. We pray you to accept our respect ful salutation, In the Municipality, Francis Panchacd, Grejfer. J. Lot is Panchacd, Municipal. The Judge of the Peace, of the Cir cle of t'ollombier, Canton of Vaud, in Switzerland, certifies as true the above signatures. Dikared, Judge of the Peace. Colloinbier, 2Sd Aug. 1823. This document is also under the seal of the Canton. Indian Antiquities. —Gen. Coving ton has handed us some specimens ol Indian Antiquities which he has dis covered at his salt W orks on Drake’s Creek, twelve miles from Howling Green. As his hands were digging away the earth for some purpose a few davs ago, they came to numerous fragments of salt boilers, with the remains of furnaces, great quantities of c inders, coals, &c. There was every indication that our predecessors used the spot for the same purpose for which the General is now using it.— Among the specimens which lie brought us are two pieces ot boilers. — They are made of clay, mixed with a shining substance, not unlike the com position cT common crucibles, as hard as our best potter’s ware,about a quar ter of an inch thick, and from the curve of the pieces we would judge that the vessels were from two and a half to three feet in diameter, with fiat bottoms. The ashes in vast beds have turned to a stony substance res emblaing pumice stone. The Gen eral intends further excavating the place and examining the whole ex tent of this ancient salt manufactory, lie informs us that trees of the largest dimensions grow upon 1 lie spot. The Indian antiquities scattered over this portion of our continent have not excited our attention in the same degree that they have many other persons, Our views and enquiries have been generally confined to the affairs of the living, and of those na ti*is which have been sufficiently con spicuous to attract the historian’s no tice or sufficiently enlightened to be their own annalists. Hut incurious as we are on the subject of the nbro igines of our country-, occasionally some evidence of their ancient civili zation obtrudes itself upon our view in such a way as cannot fail to arrest attention and excite enquiry. That those people who inhabited this part of the American continent when first examined had greatly deteriorated from the arts and civilization of their ancestors, or that this continent was many ages ago, inhabited by a race entirely distinct from the present In dians, is so frequently and fully de demonstrated as to leave not a shad ow of doubt. We do not pretend to suppose that they ever approached the ancient inhabitants of some coun tries of the old continent in arts. Had they ever built Romes, or Car tilages, or Palmyras, we should have discovered the ruins. Ilad they sculp tured marble, or brass, or gold we should have found some specimens.— But that they ir excelled the misera ble hunters that overspread our vast wilderness, is extremely evident. We hope that men having a taste for such enquiries may pursue them, and we do not despair that a clue to the mys terious history of our tawney prede cessors may yet be discovered. Cer tainly it is an interesting subject to the antiquarian, the philosopher and the historian.— Howling-Green, lCy. Cur. Bear Encounter. —On the 27th ult. as Mr. Wm. Fisk and his son were hunting in Rockland county in this state, they discovered the tracks ol three bears, which they pursued about three miles to a den. They urged their dog, but in vain, to enter and attack the fericious beasts. II being near night, a fire was built, and they watched until the next morning, when thev collected a number of the neigh hoi s, and about twenty dogs, three on ly of which had courage to enter and attack the bears ; and after a serious fight two cubs presented themselves at the mouth of the den and were shot while the old bear kept possession of her fastness. The dogs, satisfied with their partial conquest, could not be prevailed on to renew the fight. Mr. Fisk got his Green Mountain courage up, and determined not to give up the victory. He accordingly, assisted by another with a light, entered the cave and after crawling in more than fifty feet, discovered the glaring eye and heard the threatning and gnashing of of his potent adversary. He discharg ed two rities when the smoke drove them from the cave. On entering af terwards, they drew from the extrem ity of the cave (sixty-five-feet,) an en ormous sjie bear. JS\ Y. E. l’ost. “ She that bridleth not her tongue,’’ shall pay five thousand dollars ! A lady bv the name of Mary Patton, has been sentenced to pay 85000 at Clarksburg, (Pa.) for slandering the character of Mr. Eskridge Hall. General Felix Buckley, the oldest officer in the British army, who enter ed it in the reign of George Ist, died on the 14th September, at the age of 114 years. ffcrrian JiUcUffltncr ♦ I From the London Courier of Xov. 10. It seems strange that any per sons should view our sentiments upon the South- American States as Loathing either war or defiance. — It is a policy upon which, we con tend, other European powers have no right to imetlere with us—nor do we pretend to interfere with them. They may or may not ac knowledge and treat with those States; that is their business. — But they cannot justly complain ol our exercising the same privelcge. And here; in order to clear away, in limine , the ground ol some ob jections that have been urged, we must desire the public to bear in mind—that it Is not the case ol an incipient insurrection of the Col onies against the parent state —that it is not a struggle in which the power of one side is balanced by the other and, the issue doubtful — it is not a case in which a third party stepping in turns the scale and decides the conflict in favor ol the side to which it carries its weight.—lt bears no resemblance to the case of our American Col onies, when France and Spain in terfered ; the conflict is decided. — the issue is arrived—and Spain is not more divided by the seas from her ancient possessions, than she is by the difference of their respec tive institutions ; nor has she more sovereignty over them than we had over France, though we con tinue to bear the empty title of her King. The question has been well put by one of our cotemporaries— “ As to independence, the question is at rest —the states are free— the acknowledgement by Spain is not worth a straw to England —all colonies are dejure sovereign states the moment in which they achieve their independence, de facto. T his for the clearest of all reasons, be cause the foundation of their alle giance is their enjoyment of pro tection from the parent state. When the colonists cease to want protec tion, they are no longer bound to pay the price of it; and this is one of a class of cases in which power becomes the eveidence of right.” This is what we wished to lay down in limine. The South Amer ican States are to all intents and purposes free and independent States with which any other State may act and negociate, and form alliances without any violation of treaty or good faith towards any other Power. But it is said, Spain has not ac knowledged their independent., and therefore, you are guilty of an attack upon their sovereignity.” Indeed ! Let us see the absurdity to which this porition would lead. The South American States might have, their independence—might exercise all the acts of a sover eign and independent power— might have entered into commer cial and political relations with other nations—Spain would not be able to take any step to do any act calculated to resume her former authority over the States, or to ar rest for a moment, the inarch and exercise of their independence— nay, might remain totally inactive and supine ; yet, because she re fused to acknowledge them as free states we are to refuse all inter course, all political relations with them whatever ! Why, does not every one see the utter absurdity and childishnees of such reasoning, if reasoning it can be called ? But we are told of a congress of European powers to settle the fate of the American colonies. We should like to see what sort of preamble such a congress would draw up to their deliberations. “ Whereas a certain tract of coun try some thousands of miles dis tant fro*i Europe, containing about 470,0CX) square leagues and a pop ulation ol 17 millions, has deter mined that it will be governed by its own institutions, and will no longer continue in dependence (which they do not want and which is injurous to their best interests,) upon a nation containing 25,000 square leagues, and ten millions ol inhabitants ; We, the Powers of Europe, are assembled in Con gress to devise the best means of putting an end to so unsatisfactory a situation of affairs, and of conclu ding some arrangement that shall be more congenial to the policy, &c. ike. ?” Congress may deliber ate, pass protocol upon piotocol, multiply confcrrence, upon confer rence, but what would the seven teen millions on the other side of the Atlantic say ! Or. what means could the congress possess of en forcing their edicts ? To frame re solutions which you have no means of executing, or, to use an old pro verb, “ to show your teeth when you cannot bite,” is, in private concerns, not a very wise proceed* ing : hut in public matters, in the intercourse between nations, not only idle, but positively dangerous. We think the continental powers will pause before they hold any con gress : but whether they do or not, we shall neither be a party to it, nor send a Minister to it. We shall leave the continental powers to act as they like, whilst vve shall act as a\c think best for our own inte rests. The American states have achieved their emancipation—a chieved it by their own efforts,with out foreign aid, foreign councils, or foreign encouragement. We, w ho, of all nations; could have ren dered them the most powerful as sistance, did not, through our gov- ernment, express even a wish in their favor. They fought the fight they gained the victory, without us. Their independence is established —the tide cannot be rolled back.— The American states are free sove reign states, with w hich any nation is at liberty to treat, without afford ing any just grounds of offence or complaint to any other pow er. We have sent consuls and Com missioners; other powers may,and probably will, do the same. We call this step a de facto acknowl edgement of the sovereignty of the American states —and we may ex pect further, that a higher diploma tic character will either he sent out or that someone of the commission ers has, or will have, the power of taking upon himself that character, as soon as the different Consuls have made their reports upon the situation and feelings of the states, to which they have been respective ly sent. The execution of Riego, is an event, w r e believe, without a paral lel in modern history*—He has been tried and hung as a traitor. The circumstance which constitutes the singularity, and the atrocity on the part of the present Spanish govern ment is, that Riego has acted al along up to the time of his capture under the authority of the country —the very government under which the king himself acted during the same period. Spain had no other government at the time. The mock Regency established by the Duke d’Angouleme, was not clothed with the least authority derived either from the people or the laws or usuages of Spain. The evidence of this fact is drawn from their own declarations, when they were called upon by the Duke to nomin ate fit persons for the purpose.— They replied that the case was not provided for in the old laws of the kingdom,and peremptorily declined the act. The Duke then appointed a Regency of his own. Now against this spurious government treason could not be committed, because it had no legitimate authority. The king from the first acknowledged the constitution ; he solemnly swore to observe it—he acted under it for three years —Riego acknowledged his authority, and acted under his orders ; and yet he has been bro’t to an ignominious death on a charge ot treason against this miserable puppet ot foreign powers, when they were both engaged in the same cause. If there were no other charge against the King of Spain this alone would stamp him with the deepest infamy. The King of Erunce. —A correspon dent of a morning paper gives the fol lowing portrait of Louis XVIII, w hom he saw during the lute celebration of Te lieum at Notre dame:— “ 1 had heard that he was very much fallen off of late, but before 1 had the near view of him which my position yesterday gave me, I could not have believed the report to the half of its extent. 11 is torincr enbonpoint has entirely left him, or fallen down upon his legs and lower extremities, which are proportionably large and unwield* ly. His eyes were sunk, hollow, and troubled, retaining nothing of their former vivacity ; his cheeks have fall en in, his lips have lost their round ness and tension, and his whole coun tenance had an exhausted and cadave rous appearance, which betrayed a state of health more fitted for tile qui etness and retirement of his bedcham ber, than the bustle of a public cercnio ny. For the last eighteen months, he bus entirely lost the power 0 r B his lower extremities, but the the countenance re n , ai „ cl,a..g<-.i *,ll lately. Tl,” R age or disease are now, B l.v extending upwards, and it file that Louis Will, will n ‘ keep the sceptre from Charles v'"“W The arm-chair in which he u d up the nave of the cathedral, *B name which he had occunii-il coach. He had been let the latter without leaving the i or at all changing his ii kind ot slope covered, with r,. ’■ like tlte .Vote*,,,, tunned at the great gate of the cl, B so that he could be rolled in>ao.l B without the necessity of hVirnr ifß over the steps. This chair, w|ij c J te ß placed within the frame that ed the canopy, was so extremely | B that in passing along the guards, lie was looked down nnJB them, and by the spectators whii.tl B behind them. His legs jvere extuntlß. at lull length—his feet were cov er 'B with black cloth shoes; both preternaturally swollen, unwicSH and torpid.—His hands onbothsid'B had a firm hold of the arms of the cjß on w hich his elbows leaned, Ids he was a good deal sunk between n S shoulders, and his whole person, i tlt M out life or energy, seemed that o[B man suffering from an acute To the bystanders, who cheered hiS as he passed, he never lifted his ei X nor showed the least token of ricoß nition or pleasure. In short, 1 seldom, witnessed ai more painful B hibition, and may venture to add nM not one individual who saw liimwJß have exchanged situations with i'M for the royal canopy, and being)rollß to Te Benin between a double line 2 roval ;uarils.” I J CT A letter from Paris, dated Nov.[B speak thus of the king : His chesti| entirely filled with water; his mB is a mass of corruption ; and thetoß from his lower extremities is so ml that it penetrates in a quarterofaiß hour a double covciingof flannel,kl sides a wrapping of bark and ovvM He cannot survive a month. I The Bishop of Meaux has onSB that M. Manuel shall not be allowefl to be a god-father at the baptimfl fount. [Manuel is the person r® some months since was expelled frooH the French Chamber of deputies.] ■ It is not without emotion that ® announce to our readers the ih® of Lord Erskine. The place in pub® opinion which had been for nearly ® years assigned to this lamented nt® man, he enjoyed without a dissent® voice but that of extreme and vx® less faction. He enjoyed it too, ® liapily, during that long period, un® turbed by any memorable rival, fl died on the 17th Nov. at Alniondal® miles from Edinburgh, in the 76th v® of his age.] I Bell’s M eekly Messenger, a l '® informed paper,of the 9th ult.conttii® an article on the Holy Alliance,® which it is said undoubtedly to bet® purpose of the Ministry to reman® peace if possible ; but England"® not permit the discussion of thef® tion respecting the affairs of J"® America, in the proposed Congress:® that is t'o say, that her minister"® withdraw himself in the first instance® and will enter a solemn protest again® any common measure. The grow® of this protest will be, that any aid to I Spain for this purpose,will not ben® ranted by the law of nations, but"® be equivalent to a confederacy ford® turbing the state of possession ol a l third power ; w hich power as to si® confederates with Spain, is effecw and in fact, independent. indeed, if she thinks proper, makes® an effort herself; but as it rega™ 5 | third powers, these provinces a^ 1 ’ I fact independent, and they ha' e ® long acted under that character,H becomes a question whether the c" 111 'I mercial interests of England ar-d rope at large can allow a conlcder I ]’ I to put them down. If this re" 1011 strance fails, says the editor, tlietE”, tion will be, shall we go to tcar of the Suutli Americans ? To t^ s answers, that there is a middle stM between peace and w r ar, to w!iic” ] thinks England will resort —that that a strong naval force, tleteri''- and precautionary in its nature, s MU,l ‘ be sent forthwith to South and that the South Americans S ' lO E tie liberally assisted with money. ,l ; lie thinks, the powers of Europe, 1 France in particular, would ® c: ]/ CL ‘; venture their fleets in the lace sU ]. an armament. Whilst he (lep rcC,l L war, he should be sorry to see the ciple of legitimacy assisted by the* ly Alliance in the new world. . It is evident,we think, that the tisli government will not l )i ' aC j,j r i permit any interference in the a of South America, by any othei P er than Spain hersell ; and it |( known to us all, that Spain ot can do nothing, ltt the tneal r j t ish there are indications that the p are determined not to be taken . y puze or unprepared. Conseq uc