Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page.

COMHEKCIAL CONVENTJO.V. CONVENTION Agreeable lo public noliee. the Convention of Merchants and others assembled in the Masonic llwll yesterday at 1* o’clock. The meeting was organized bv calling Ker Boyce Esq. af Charles lon to the Chair. noil the appointment of ,\n ilrstv J, At if Iwr ns Secietaiy aml proceeded in call over ilit* n'inn's of ihe member* in attendance, which weic as follows t ROUTII CAROLINA. f}#o. McDuffie, J. Cuthbert, w. W. Starke, W. It.unwell, Janies Alltel, S. (I. Barkley, Kr Boyce, E. Delius, It. W. Fort. L. Howie. Anil. Wallace, J- L. Pearson, J. Wright, GEO ROI A—A tie u*ti. John Phinizv, F. M. Robertson. Jnlm Bones, Robert Caoi|iliell, 11. 11. Cummins, Haynes Itowdre, It. 11. Warren, A. Ciinuwinf, Robert F. Pup, C. .!• Jenkins, A. J. Miller, 1). W. 9t. John, A Johnson, Samuel Hale, O. W. Crawford, John M Adams, Peter Bcnnoch, John Kerr, James Harper, ‘V. W. Holt, A. Sibley, I'. I?. Beall, \V. M. D'Amigoae, Paul Fitzimons. SAVaKNAB. Jos. Cnntming, Renj. E. Slyles, John Ciliuiiiiiig. D. L. Adams, 8. B. Parkm.in, ATHENS. W. Dealing, 8- C. A. Fraser, It. Pope, W. Brown, W. L. Mitchell, COLUMBUS. J. 11. Howard. T. F. Foster, T. Iloxie, T. Pres Sea. Jones, V. A. Gailaid, TV. P. Young, MACO.N, E. Hamilton. A. 11. Cliappel, . J. T. Rowland, MIX.LEDCCVII.LE. J. A. Cmhbert, K, K. Ilises, A. 11. Kenao. SPARTA. H. S. Sayr. N. C. Sayr, J. L. Swinney, MADISON. N. G. Poster. W. A. Shields, TBOXASTOIS. A. J. White, W. Cobb, E. Birdsong, LOUISVILLE. J. XV. M. Rerrier, D. E. ftolhwell, P. It. Connlly, BRUNSWICK. T. Butler Kin*. CRAWroRDISILLE. T. D. Rica, J. L. Dakar, Pierce O’Lesry, On Motion of tha Hon. George M’Duflia, Resolved. That a cnmciiuae he appointed to take into coruileratiou tile business fur wtiieli the Conyeniion was assembled, and to make a report thereon- The Contention then adjonrned to A o'clock, P. M. to enable tha Piosidcul to select said cow initiee. Four o'clock. The Convention met pursuant to adjournment. On motion of Mr. Bones, it was ordered that suit-lid* seats be provided for such of the editors in A iiuiiwt v as desire to take minutes of the pro ceedings of the Convention. The President called on inch members as had arrived since the adjournment of the morning to come forward and sign their names, whereupon ihe following gentleman came forward; J. M Gonder, Esq. of Span* ; A. Young. F.sq. id S. C ; and J. W\ Bnihwell. Esq. of Louisville Ga The President then read a letter Iron! Colam bus Miss., signed hy all the Merchants of that place, approving of the objects of ihe Conven tion. which on motion was laid on laid*. The Piesidqnl then announced the Inllnwing gentlemen as the Committee appointed under the resolution of Gen. McDuffie, Gen. G. McDorriE of Abbeville. .Jn.sr.rrt Cummiko of Savannah. ‘F Butler Kisro, of Brunswick. William Dkahino, of Athens. J. \. CUTHBERT. of Millogevlll*. Searoks Jo.sr.s, of Columbus. A. Johnso*. at Augusta* Tl. II CciiMtse. til Augusta. A. 11. Chappell. of M icon A. Wallace, of Columbia, James Outhbkrt, of Charleston. \V W. Starke, of Hamburg. Alex. Black of Charleston. I’ aas moved bv John Bones. F.sq and second ed by the linn. George McDuffie, tha! wliei. this | Convention adjourns it adjoin ii to meet to-mor row morning, at eleven o’clock, at the Piesbyte riao Church. On motion, the Convention tlipn adjourned Augusta Sent inti. Frost the Augusta Cmohlutionaliit. ItCPOIIT. The Comniittse ere deeply impressed witk the Importance of the duty Assigned them, and have bestowed upon it all the attention their limited time would permit. They regard the present tierangemeot of the currency and exchanges of the country, however we may deprecate its causes and deplore its im mp-’iale effects, as furnishing in occasion, which, if wisely imptoved, will relieve the staple-grow ing States from a Mate of commercial depend ence, scarcely less reproachful to their industry ami rnterpiize, titan it is incompatible with their substantial prosperity. The ttaple-gruwing States, while they produce two thirds of the domestic exports of the U. States, import scarcrly ene tenth wf the foreign merchandize which is teceived in exchange for it. Almett the whole of the foreign commerce which is founded upon ilia productions of our in dustry, is carried on by the citizens of other Slates, causing their cities to flourish, while ouis In vi* hern sinking into decay. I l * 'he opinion of the Committee, the period arrived, when oor ritiEens are invoked hy the ‘".iled voice of interest and patriotism, to put an end to ihi* voluntary tribute amounting annually t< something like ten million of dollars. It is btlieved lltal (lie quota of Georgia and South Car olina alone, jiiiiounls to not less than three mil lion of dollars—lt may not be disguised, bow ever, that this extraordinary and unequal sule of enr commercial relations, had its origin more in the fiscal operations of t lie federal government than any supposed deficiency in tho industry and enterprise ol our citizens. The high duties im posed by die tariff of 1816 upon the productions of Southern industry, aud the still more enor mous duties imposed by those of 1824 and lE2B, combined wiih the unequal system of depositing and disbursing live revenue thus collected, almost exclusively in the Northern cities, operated as a bounty to the commerce of those cities, which Ihe m ist perseverving industry and euterprizc on our part, could not overcome. Great and obvi ous as were the it ilisral advantages of our South ern cities, they iver imre than counterbalanced hv these operations of the government. And whilst wo stoo Ia midst tho foiris tlni< produced bv nisgavernntent, mmy of our citizens were ut terly unable t > nocoont fur the phenomenon, and some of our c.haiitable neighbors supposed it to he owing to the curse of Heaven upon our do mestic institutions. E very pr act ie and ill i u ho wever, will at once per - eeive tb it the deposit* of almost the whole of Ihe tavern it ant funds, in the hanks of the Northern eit ts, wm eq tivalent to alnso of a l.kc Sum with- out interest, and that the immense so,us disbursed by the giiverßiiienl t l lie tame points, operated even more decidedly to give those riih-s an un due ascendancy, fine of the most nliv.ous Him salutary consequences which we may confidently anticipate from the reduction of the duties and the withdrawal of the government deposite from the banks, will be the restoration of the South ern citivs to a condition of comparative equality in the business of foreign commerce. In a fail and equal cnmpeti'ioil. it cannot be doubted, that they will he able to exchange onr domestic pro ductions for the manufactures of Europe, by j a direct trade, mors advantageously, than the ! Northern cities can do it, hy a circu'.ions peoct-es, I involving inleiniediate transfers and agencies, all increasing the risk and expense of the opera lion. There never was presented lo the capitalists of the Sooth and South-west such an opening for profitable enlerprize, and they are invited liv the innsl powerful considerations to impiove it. Now that llie fiscal operations of Ihe federal govern ment Ii ive been so gieally reduced, and the field of competition fairly opened, if they should still look on with lis'less apathy, while the mighty current of our own peculiar commerce is flow ing literally hy them, to nourish distant cities and fertilize the barren bills of distant commu nities, ws must then acquiesce ill the judgement which the world will pronounce, that we deserve onr destiny. But the Committee indulge the confident belief that such a reproach will no lon ger rest upon us. The public spirit of our peo ple has been roused into action, they have been awakened to a sense of their condition, and all are prepared to co-opemte, in their respective spheres, in the great work of throwing off the shackles of our present colonial condition and es tablishing our commercial independence upon a lasting foundation. The staple-growing Slates never can he prac tically independent and enjoy the full measure ol ihe bounties which Providence has so abundant ly provided for them, until the commerce which is ioundvrl upon their valuable pmdnctio'i shall be carried on hy our own merchants, permanent ly resident amongst us. whether they be native or adopted. The pursuits of commerce tnnst be liberalized, the commercial class must be eleva ted ill public opinion to lh rank in society which properly belongs to it. The avocation ol the merchant requires as much character and talent and is of as much dignify and usefulness, as any other pursuit or profession ; and the senseless prejudice which would assign to it an inferior rank, has lieen blindly borrowed Irnm those an cient republics and modern despotisms, whose policy it was lo regard war as the only honorable pursuit. As agricultural productions, which find their market principally in foreign commies, con stitute the almost exclusive source of our wealtli the mercantile class is as indispensable to our prosperity as the agricultural. Tlisir interests are inseparably identified, and whatevei affects the prosperity of the one, must have n corres ponding influence on the ether. Mow much, then, does the general vvellareof the staple grow ing States depend upon diverting into the pur pursuits es commerce, a laige portion of the capital, the character and the talent, which have been hitherto directed toe exclusively to agricul ture and the learned professions ? It is the de liberate opinion es the Caiiniitee that no one change could be made in onr pursuits, that would so largely contri! ute to the public prosperity; and that those public spirited citicens who shall take the lead in this new carter of useful enterprise, will drseive to be regarded as public benefactors. The prevailing habit of investing almost the whole proceeds of our cotton crops in land and negroes, has produced a constant tendency to over producing in this great staple: sud nothing the extraordinary increase of ns consumption in the great markets oi the world, has prevented us iroin experiencing the ruinous consequences of our mistaken policy. In tilts view of the sub ject every dollar that shall be diverted from the production of cotton, to some other profitable pursuit, will be so much clear gain to the plan ter and to Ihe country. It is a well established principle in political economy, that an excess of supply beyond the efficient demand, diminishes the price of art atti tude more than in proportion to the excess, and thst a deficiency of supply increases tne price in a corresponding degree. Fur example, it is believed that if the present cotton crop of the United Slates should be only 1,200,000 bales it would produce a laiger aggregate sum to the idanters, than if it should prove to he 1.500,000 hales, the ptice being more enhanced than the quantity would be diminished. It was upon this principle that the Dutch East India Company, actually burnt one-half of their spices, that they might obtain more lor the remaining half than could he obtained for the whole. Let us pursue a still wiser policy. Instead of burn ing our surplus, let us direct the capital and in dustry th-il produce it. to other profitable pur suits, which will up sis new sources of wealth, end at the same time increase the value of those al ready in existence.—ln connexion with this view of ihe subject, the policy of raising every snp | ply which the soil will produce, cannot he 100 strongly recommended. Bv whatever >-pecions reasons a contrary policy may he countenanced experience proves them lo be fallacious. If eve ry planter would raise his ow n supplies of the va rious productions of the soil, and of the animals which feed upon those productions, it would tend greatly to limit the excessive production of our great staple, and increase at ttie same time the independence and the income of the agricultural class. The committee will now proceed lo examine a little in detail the relative advantages ol the South ern Cities for the business of foreign importation compared with those of the Northern cities. In the first place, house rent is much higher in the latter tlinn in the former, a very important ele ment in the calculation. In the second place, freight is habitually higher Iroin Europe to the Northern than to the Southern Cities for the plain rrason that ships coining to the South for cotton, would have to come in liallast if they were not freighted with merchandise. All the oilier ele ments that constitute'lie cost of importation, are believed to be as cheap in the Southern as the Northern cities. It is thus demonstrable that | foreign merchandise nan be actually imported and said in the former at cheaper rates titan in j the lattct place. When to this ae add the ex penses of transhipment at New York or Philadelphia, the loss of interest, the freight and insurance to the Southern Cities, and the expenses ol landing and storing there, it will be apparent that tne Merchants of the South and South West, will find it greatly to their advan tage. to make their purchases of foreign mer chandise in our own cities in preference to New York ol Phil idelpliiir Tile name course of rea soning will show that our Colton can be expor ted directly from our own seaports, with similar Advantages over the mure eurcuitous route of the Northern cities. It seems therefore perfectly clear to the com mittee, that our capitalists who shall enter into the business of iuipmtiiig foreign merchandize, cannot fail lo realize ample profits, and yet sup ply the meich.nits of the interior on terms more advantageous than, they ran obtain Iroin the Northern importers. They have every natural advantage in the competition, and are invited by every motive, public and private, to embark in the business and reap the rich harvest th.it lies be fore them. It cannot be doubted that the mer chants of the ulterior will give diem a preference since, to the motives of interest, those o( patrio tism will he superadilrd. Among the measures which will most effectu ally promote me gient object which ha* brought this Convention lotjeihi r, none are more promi nent, in the estimation of the committee, than the completion .of the great works of internal improvement, by which the Southern Atlantic cities are to he connected with the Valley of the Mississippi. In aid of ike individual capital and enlerprize engaged in these works, it is believed I that the patronage of the Stales intersected. might be wisely and beneficially bestowed. Their completion would greatly promote the system of direct importations through our own sen ports ; and these importations would equally promote the completion of the works in question. They are parts es one great system, and will mutually sustain each other. If Georgia and South Car olina, with that haimmiy and concert of action which the inseparable identity of their interest so strongly recommends, would bring their indi vidual eneig.es and resources to the completion of those lines of communication connecting their allautic cities with the navigable waters of the West the day would not be distant when our most ardent hopes and sanguine anticipations would be realized. The committee beg leave to suggest tn the Con vention, another measure, which in their opinion | would lie eminently conductive to the great ob ject we have ill viewi. One of the obstacles in the way of establishing a system of direct im portations, is Ihe want f the requisite capital applicable to that object. The country, it is be lieved, contains a sufficiency of Capital, if mo tives could lie presented to give it a proper tlitec line. To effect ibis, the committee can suggest no measure, which in their opinion would be so effectual, as a law limiting the responsibility ol copartners to the sums which they shall put into the copartnership. A large portion of the capi tal to whirh we must look Inr carrying an the hit siness of direct importations, is in the hands ol planters; and men of fortune who have retired from business, who would les willing to put a portion es llieir snpplus capital into nopoi'ing copartnerships under the management ol men of charactei 'id capacity, but would never con sent t make tkeir whole InrlHiies responsible for the success of the undertaking. If they actual ly contribute a certain ammiii’ of capital. Rod the public is apprised that their responsibility extends no further, it is obvious that the credit ol the concern will rest npoo the *irt*lan'ial fotuxl;ioil of Ihe capital paid in.—Nothing can he more fair as it regards the public, and nothing would so effectually direct the capital aud enterprise of onr citizens into channels wheie it is so much , wanted. The committee think it would he ex-; pedient to memorialize the Legislatures on this I subject, and recommend to the Convention the appointment of committees for that purpose. Another measure Inch would greatly facili tate the establishment of a system of direct im portations, would lie the formation of a connec tion aud correspondence between some of our hanks and some of those in England, by which each should have a standing credit with the oth er. This would enable the banks here lo fur- j nisli the merchants who might wish to purchase goods in England with letters of credit, upon re ceiving adequate security. The beirer of such a letter could have to pay interest only from the time be actually diew the ainney to pay for his purchases. This would prevent the loss of in terest which he would incur il compelled to pro vide himself with money before he set out on his adventure. Cotton purchasers from England would derive th? same benefit by obtaining simi lar letters, from the Hanks there, upon those of onr banks, with which (bey should have an establish ed credit. If in addition to these facilities, oor banks would establish agencies in Europe, and advance a limited amount upon Cotton consigned to them it would greatly contribute to accomplish our common object, by enabling onr citizens <o ex port their own cotton, as well as to import their own merchandize without the intervention of any Nmtberu agency. lo concluding their report, the Committee can not but express their strong conviction, that the success ol this great movement tow anlt the eman cipation of the staple-growing States Iroin their Commercial trammels, will depend more upon in dividual enleipi ise sustained and supported by all enlightened public o|Hiiion, than upon any mea sures o| legislation, lion ever important these may he.—The business of direct importations must be commenced at one ; for if the present occa sion vs permitted lo pass away unimproved, one equally propitious may never occur. Tim Com mittee recommend the Convention to adopt the following resolutions, in furtherance of the views expressed in the foregoing report : I. soltrit. That in the opinion of this Con vention, (be present conjuncture in our commer cial affairs is eminently propitious for the estab lishment of a system ol direct impoi lalious, i through our Southern and South-western Cities, and that we ate called upun by every considera tion of interest and of patriotism, to throw off tht- degrading shackles of oor commercial de pendence. t. Resolved. Tint with a view to induce public spirited capitalists lo embark in this business, the people of the staple-growing Stales he recom mended to give public nisriitestatinns of their de termination to encourage am! sustain importa tions through llieir own seapoits. 3. Resolved. Tn.it two Committees bes ppoin tetl hy the President ol this Convention, to me morialize respectively, thv legislatures of Georgii and South Carolina on the subject of limited co pa rl net slops. 4. Resolved. That a Committee he appointed to prepare an address to the people of the South ern and South-western States, setting forth the advantages and practicßliiliiy of carrying on a direct trade with foreign nations—exhibiting in ! detail the extent of llieir resources, j 5. Resolved. That said Committee, in prepar- I ing such address, embody and conform to Ihe | views of the Convention as expressed in the : Preamble and resolutions adopted. On motion, the Report and Resilutions were ordered lo he read separately j The secretary then read the first resolution. As soon as he finished Geo. McDuffie rose, and spoke in favor of the resolution and the objects of the convention. He was followed hv Joseph Gumming Esq, of Savannah ; Seaborn Jones Eq. of Columbus ; and Mr Chappell of Macon, jail of w hum spoke at length on the benefits which the meeting of this convention was likely to pro ’ duce lo file soutliei .1 stales, il the citizens thereof I would only lake the subject matter into serious j consideration, and lay hold of it with hand and | Iteait. Altet Mr Chappell had finished speaking. Mr. Will. Bearing, of Alliens then rose and moved that the covenlion lake a tecess until four o'clock, which on being pul tn vole Mas lost. The question on ihe adoption of the first reso lution, was then put and carried unanimously. The second tasolutmn was then read Ivy the Secretary and was adopted without dehate as was also the third - The fourth resolution was then read, lint be fore the question was taken, Mr. Seaborn Jones rose and stated In the convention that lie had -a resolution which he wished to otVer to the con vention. and that if approved of. should preccetl the resolution just read : he then read the follow ing resolution. Itesolved. That it is a sacred duty which the citizens of the Southern and southwestern slates owe to themselves, their posterity and their coun try, tn give a decided preference in procuring their supplies, to our ineicltaiits who carry on a direct trade with foreign nations. Joseph Ciiniiuing nt Savannah opposed the resolution—lie thought it was unnecessary and would do no good, merchants would liny where they could procure their goods on the best terms; and that if the south could not alTord greater facilities than the North—they would still iesnrt to northern markets. Hot he believed that the south could IToid as great or greater induce ments, i ltd if she did, there was tin need to ap peal to the patriotism of its citizens, for troth pat riotism and interest would induce them to trade with us. “ Mr. Jones then replied to the arguments of Mr. Cuitiuiing. and after some lurthrr remarks from Messrs. Jenkins, of Augusta. King, of Brunswick, anil Alexander, of Charleston, Mr. Bones, of Augusta, offered an amendment, that after the words'* decided preference” rite follow ing be added— te/iere the term* are equal —which amendment was received hy Mr. Jones, and the lesolutinn, as amended, was put to tlie Conven tion and adopted. Mr. Seaborn Jones llten rote and asked leave in add to the third resolution passed an amend ment. which he read. Mr. McDuffie opposed Hie motion as did also Mr. J. l.’uthberl of Mil ledgeville— Mr. Jones spoke in favor of his mo tion, but after a few remarks from .Mr, Bark man. of Savannah, he withdrew his amendment. The fourth and fifth resolutions were then read and adopted. Joseph Gumming, Esq. of Savannah, then ’ rne, and after a few pref .iory lem.trks, nflereri ! the following resolution, which was seconded hy Mr. A. Alexander, of Charleston 1 lit solved. That tins Convention recommend to the citizens of the South and Smith Western Slates to appoint Delegates In meet in Conven tion at Augusta on the first Monday in April, 18.18. to continue the interest and objects of this Convention before the people. Mr. Alexander, of Charleston, rose and made a few remarks; he was followed.hy Col. llayoe. of Charleston, who spoke at length on the bene fits to lie derived tiv the adoption of the resolution —but the resolution being out of order a call was made for the question on the adoption of the Report and Resolutions offered by the Seieet Committee which being put by the Chair, the Report and Resolutions of the Committee with that added by Mi. J ones, were ado) led. Joseph Ctimmiiig. Esq. then uffeed his rcso lotion, which was adopted* Mr. C. Jenkins, in heliaif of ti e Augusta Delegation offered the following resolution ; Resolved, That as an introduction to a direct importing system at the South, it is indispensa bly necessary'hat the crop of the present vear be directly exported hv Southern Merchants and Planters, and that in effect this object the South ern Hanking I list it ill ions should lend such aid as they safely and conveniently can. Adopted. On million of difl'eient members, the following Resolutions were unanimously adopted. Resolved. That the thanks of the Convention he tendered to the Committee for their aide and jndiconv report. Rrsnlrtd, That the thanks of the Convention he tendered to the President tvnd Secretary, (nr tin able manner in which they have discharged their duties. Resolved, That the thanks nf the Convention he tendered to the Trustees fur the use ul the Presbyterian Church. Resolved, That the thanks nf the Convention he tendered to the citizens of Augusta lor their hospitality. Resolved, That the thanks of the Convention be tendered to the Directors of the Georgia in surance and Trust Company for the use of their room bv the Committee. Resolved. That the proceedings of the Con vention and tiie address to the people nl the ! Southern and South western Stales he printed in paniplet form and extensively circulated, and that the delegates from Augusta he appointed a Commute to superintend the publication. After this resolution was read, a motion was made that a subscription be matte hv tlie mem bers of the Convention to defray the expenses of printing the proceedings of tlie Convention, whereupon Mr. 11. Cnmming rose, and in be half of the Augusta delegation, stated that with the permission of the Convention, they would undertake the superintendence of the printing ol the Report and proceedings of the Convention, and would defray all expenses. Seaborn Jones Esq. then rose and offered the following resolution, which was adopted. Resolved, Tb.it the thanks of the Convention br tendered to the Delegates Irons Augusta, fdr their liberality in defraying the expense of the publication of the proceedings ol the Conven tion. On motion of Mr. Cnthbert. of Georgia, the Convention then adjourned sine die. Committees appointed under 3d Resolution. For South Carolina- —Alexander Black. Da vid Alexander, Charles J. Shannon, James Ail ger. S. G. Barkley. Georgia, —Augustus 11. Kenan, Adam John ston, Lancelot Johnson, Benjamin E Stiles, Seaborn Jones. Committee to prepare the Address. George McDuffie, Thomas Butler King, Hen ry H Cuinming, Absalom IL Chappell, Janies Gadsden. DINNER TO THE MEMBERS OF TIIE CONVENTION. List evening at 6 o'clock, a Splendid Dinner was given at the Masonic Hall, by the citizens of Augusta to the members of the Convention. His Honor the Mayor of the city presided, assis'ed by Gen. W. W. Montgomery. Judge Holt, C. J. Jenkins, Esq. and John Kerr. Esq., as Vice Piesidenls. A number of regular and volunteer toasts were drank, amid the deafening applause of the very large anti respectable company pre sent. A sentiment in honor til South Carolina, j called an eloquent response from the distiuguish , ed andtalanted citizen of that State, Gen. Me Duffie. A sentiment in honor of Georgia, cal | let! up Col. A. 11. Chappell of Macon, in a j beautiful and interesting speech. Col. Arthur i I*. Ilayne nf Charleston. Col. Seaborn Jones of | Columbus, Mi. Stiles of Savannah. Col. Thom i as Butler King of Brunswick. Col. John A. Cnthbert of Milledgeville. Mr. Dearingof Alli ens. Col. E. Hamilton of Macon, C. J. Jenkins nf Augusta, and Alex. Black, Esq. nf Charles ton, each responded to sentiments in honor of their respective cities. Col. Jno. H. Howard of Columbus being called upon addressed the Com pany. The speeches were listened to with the greatest attention and Called lortli immense ap plause. The best feeling prevailed. South Car olina and Gemgia were toasted and applauded over and over again. The company was highly entertained hy songs ami sluriev interspersed with the toasts, and adjourned in the best order at a 1 seasonable hour. The feeling which has anima ted the members of the Convention anil others in attendance is such as will carry triumphantly through, tile great wor k nf -achieving the commer cial independence of the Mouth, and giving her that prepoudrrence in the Union to which tier vast resources have long since entitled her.—u gusta Sentinel. From the Augusta Sentinel. Washington. Oct. 14, IBS7. The Sub Treasury Ri\t r.aited to the table oj the House and etinched. The House of Representatives have done a noble act to-dav They laid nil ill# table bv a vote of Ayes 120, Nays 107, the Sob Treasury 1 Bill ; and a motion to reconsider having been made, they laid that motion on the table hy a vote of Ayes 118, to Nays 106 - still a majority of 13. So that the atrocious scheme has not only been defeated, hut the House lt-n twice giv eii its deliberate verdict against it. Glory enough for tine day ! I cannot liubear to mention again the efforts of Mr. King nf lie rgia. in the Sen aie and of Col. Dawson in the House, to defeat this measure. Their conduct has been such as cannot fail to increase the high esteem and res peel universally felt for them. When I closed my letter yesterday, the debate was going on in the Committee of the Whole. Iri the evening session we had a speech from Eli Moore, the OIK lor of the Loco Focns of New Voi k, who went toto eoleo for the hill. The ora tion of this demagogue was as flat, stale and un profitable as any tiling could be, and as he (lid on a former occasion, he gave wav on a plea of in disposition, and was borne from Ihe Hall by some of his friends. He gave a promise that he would put in print the speech lie had intended to have delivered to the House ! Mr. Cushing of M iss, followed him ; and re plied at some length to the observations of Mr. Pickens. on the capitalists anti laborers of ihe North. Then up rose Cambreleng and gave as an elaborate defence of Ihe Bill ; and attempted to controvert the arguments of his opponents. In the course of his remarks he made an attack upon his colleague, that distinguished barrister Ogden Hoffman, which that thought offensively personal, and to which lie rejoined in a short speech which has been pronounced hy the best and oldest members of ihe House, as the most beautiful and powerful lelmt they ever heard in Congress. It was splendid in eloquence ami most severe and withering in its effects. Mr, Adams paid the triumphant colleague ul Cain hreling, a handsome compliment. He said he had intended to answer Cam Imt he could out think nl touching a Head adrersary. “ Fur God's sake take him off,” said Mr. Bouldiu of Va.,nne of Cams’ most earnest friends. After this animated personal scene. Mr. Wise took the floor, and addressed the Committee until half past twelve o'clock, in opposition to the measure. When lie finished the question was taken on Col. Dawson's proposition to make the State Banks special depositories of the accru ing revenues nl the government, and was nega tived. The Committee then rose and reported the hill to the House, which immediately adjourned. To dav the first thing done was a motion hy Mr. Sherrod Williams in lay the measures on the table, which aliei various preliminary motions for calls of the II ouse, &lc. prevailed hy the ma jor it v I have mentioned above. The hill tu settle with the Deposiie Banks was next takeu up, and is now under discussion. The Semiie to dav passed the hill to extend the time on Merchant's Bonds as amended hy ‘he House, and then went into Executive ses sion. Nothing will be (lone with the resolution for an inquiry respecting the Florida W ar.— AL Tulhe Editor of the Georgia Constitutionalist. SENATE Chamber, Oct. a. 1837. Pear Sir —Justice to myself compels me le* luctantlv to notice an article in the Constitution alist of the 3d inst. In that article you do me great injustice. You assail me where lam must sensitive—but at the same time must invulnera ble. If | have any pride as a politician, it is the pride of consistency , ill have any claim to mer it it is an adherence to principles; if I have any b enevolent virtue, it is lasting gratitude to inv ‘■ lend ; <od I wish on other distinction than that (ifau honest devotion to the interests of mv con stituents. My claims and pretentious being hum ble. I assert them with the more resolution, and hope von will neither mistake my teiupei, nr my object, it I call on yon to retract or prove some ul Hie charges you bring ngaiust me. I ask then what are ‘ the gieat principles which the democratic party profess.” which I have abandoned, and what “changes of sentiment” I have undergone which place me” in oppnstion to that party,” or the “ solemn rieclaratn ns ol the Legislature.” It imports that I should know this, for it is perfectly true that i•• was twice elected hy tlmt party to the exalted station” I hold ; and with the destiny ol that party 1 have united my own—and shall stand or fall with it. Reminding me ol this generous confidence was cratnitnus and unnecessary. It can neither in crease mv gratitude, or add to my obligations.— No one knows better than yin, sir, that if my honors were unmerited, they were also unsolici ted ; and have always Ireeu a’ the disposal of those, who so generously conferred them. But what” solemn declarations (J the Legis lature” have I disregarded ’ Do you refer to my uniform opinion on the subject of the United States Bank ? Mv opinions on that subject have never been concealed or “ changed,” and were well know to the Legislature at the litre they elected me. So were those of my t rn gifted colleague, whose opinions were in accordance with my own. What ‘•change” then, have I un dergone on this subject, that merits your animad version? I have done nothing, further than to defend myself from unmerited denunciations, and these too, frequently from the mere popin jays of power, who most miraculously “changed” their opinions. I am not yet a convert to the modern doctrine (ol tome democrats) of forcing blessings upon the people, and I have neither given, or threatened any vote at all calculated to alarm them on this subject nr which throws me “ in opposition” to these •• solemn declarations.” i In what else have 1 “ recently taken a stand” in opposition to the great principles of the democrat ic party ? Is it my opposition to the self-willed follies of the Executive, adopted and persevered in against the almost unanimous res stance nf tlie legislative authority ol all parties ? The act which I most condemned wasnpposed in the huffy of which I am s member, hy a unanimous vote with the exception of one. It had no support in the cabinet before it was adopted, anil was after wards, on fria/, condemned hv the people ; and again condemned with great unanimity hy the I whole legislative authority. What “ change” is I there here ? I. with my other democratic friends resisted this measure Iroin the beginning ; and I step by step, foretold most of tlie mischievous consequences that would flow from it. By un necessarily and unnaturally embarrassing the European money market and manufacturers, it struck down the exports ol our southern planters 30 or 40 per cent; it did this as plainly as the sun affords heat and light—in addition to all the | other mischiefs it produced. With this convic tion resting upon my mind, it is true that I did not join some others in applauding this Execu tive triumph over Hie legislative authority ; or ob sequiously estimate the gloiies of Executive vio lence hy the misery and mischief it produced. I did uot know (lint “ the great principles of the democratic party” lequite me to do this, or to consider one man the party, and another man the government. Nor did I know that mv constitu ents required me to lick the hand that plundered them, and applaud the very measure, that I know to have taken from their mouths, the bread which their honest industry has earned. If I have mistaken the great principles of the parly m this particular, it is obvious that I am not a fit . representative for it. I shall therefore return home in a few weeks and snrrendei a inisi, you say I cannot honorably hold. llt ive from our friends many written evidences, that they still consider democracy to mean the will of the people. But it is enough for me to know, sir, Hint some of'ttiy friends are dissatisfied ; and I wish it un derstood, that I shall not embarrass them by be ing a candidate for re-eleciinn. By tl e kindness of my friends, I came into office without trouble! to myself l intend In go out, will.out trouble to them That they can select a successor who will serve them with more ability. I readily admit ; that they can select one who will feel a more holiest devotion to their inteiests, I with confi dence, deny. In conclusion, I hope you will withdraw your charges of inconsistency and aposlacr, or do n e the justice to publish this let ter. with gratitude to y ourself and other friends for past confidence, and regret that you have withdrawi, it. 1 am, Sir your friend. And obedient servant, JOHN F. K'NO. CotTraponiknl of the Chnrlrtlnn Courier. t W Asni>o i(i.i, Oci. |4, 1537. \ A number of remonstrances against the uilinif. ‘ion ol Texas. were presented by Mr. liochanait and Mr. M'Kmr. In the House nf lleprevnluivei, die Divorce Kill wasbrought into the House, out of Coiiimii tee of the whole, when amotion was made hy Mr. Sherrod Williams to lav die hill on the table. This motion was decided in the affirmative— Yeas 120, Nays 107. A mol ion was then marie to reconsider the vote and a motion was made to lay that motion on the table, which was agreed to—Yeas 119, Ngvs 100 The Divorce Rill, therefore, is disposed off , r the present session. What may he its Inlg ,| le nest, is involved in clumis and daik', <sSi ‘'j.| ler(l would seen, to he little chnnce, of its passage without some modification ny which some four* teen or fifteen votes ruay he obtained. Mr. Cal houn seems to lie very much disconcerted bv the result, lie was afterwards in conference will) Mr. Wright and Mr. Buchanan, hut he can do nothing now, It is a characteristic of great men dial when they commit mistakes, they are great mistake*. * The bouse after winds took tip the bill to ex tend the limb to the deposits banks for tbe pav ment of their debts to the United Slates, and u has in its turn, to run Ihe gnantlet through all o, e orators and would he orators of the House. The fate of this hill and the merchants’ extension bonds lull hangs yet on a thread. The Jersey election*, according to Gen. Wall the administration Senator, give the anti-admin, timi party a majority in the Council, and a ma. jority in the house ; am! accniding to Mr. R„ c j,’ Moan, the Pennsy Ivauia elections given whig mi! jority in the Senate, mid an adiniuislri.tinii ma” jority in the House of 20-uccording to M r . •’ Kean, from 7 to 12. Fayetteville, (N. C.) Observer Office 3 Monday, October 14, 1837. ‘ { AWFUL CALAMITY. ’ NEARLY ONE HUNDRED LIVES LOST. Mr. 11. Vanderzer. a passenger in the steam packet Home, passed through this place, Hiis morning, and in a lew moments of Ins stay’ KaVe the pailicttl.it* of the wreck of that splendid new 1 boat, while on her second trip from N. York to Charleston, and the awful fate nf upwards ol CO passengers (among them a large number of | a . dies) atrl many of tbe crew. His statement corresponds with the following account from the New hern spectator ol Friday last, received this morning. On Monday night last, in consequence of stress nf weather and the leaky slate of the vessel, ,| le Captain of the “ Home,” Captain White, compelled to bear uway for ihe nearest pori,_ Either mistaking the entrance at the Bar, or un. able to gam it, ihe boat was driven on shore About six miles north of Ocrai-nck Bar. Our in formant. (one of the passengers, who was irately rescued Irnma watery grave) reports, that out of about ninety passengers, and a crew con sisting oi forty three persons, only twenty n| Hie former, au.l we know uot how many of the lat tei were saved ! Among the passengers were between thirty and forty ladies, of whom but two rscaprd. Several children were among those who It iVe been thus hurried tu eternity— only one of this class been saved. As we have neither space nor lime to speak farther of this most meUnchoU event, we shall merely appoint the names of the p-isons saved deterring till nexi week such particulars a, ma, be deemed ul imparlance. Pu'Smgtrs saved.— Mrs. I .at c-ste. Mrs Schroi (ler. Charles Di avion, Andrew It. Lnvegieen, If B. Hussey, ol Cuai lesion S. C. ; Isaac S. Cohen, ol Columbia, . C.; C. C. Cady, Montgomery Ala. ; Thus. J. Smith, J D. Rowland, J„tni Bishop, J. Holmes, 11. YamlerZer, H. Andrison, of New York; Capt, Allred Hill, Capt. Salter, ol i'uitsiiKiuth, N. 11. James Johnson, Jr; of Bos ton ; \V. S. Read ol New Haven, Conn.; D. Clark, nf Athens Ga.; Jro. Mather, Conrad Quinn, (boy) Jersey City. Air. Vanderzer was saved by an Indian Rub ber Life Preserver, which he was persuaded by his friends in New-Yotk to take with him. Air. Vanderzer, the passenger shoved named, and All. Anderson, reached dm place Inst eve ning, by the Rail Road, and the lormer has kind ly lavouied us with die following particulars of the melancholy disaster. The gale commenced on Sunday afternoon, and Hie Captain was anxious to double Cape ll.illeras, with the intention of anclioiing under its lee. About 4 o’clock on Monday, however, the boat commenced leaking so much a* to ten der it necessary for all hands and the passengers In go to the puu-ps, and In bail, which was i-oii iiiined without intermission until site grounded. The water gained upon them so last, that at aliuut eight o'clock, the fire was exliiigoshed, and the engine of course was stopped in its operation}— a sail was then hoisted, but was immediately blown away. Another was bdit, and with this assistance, the boat slowly progressed towards the shore. At II o'clock at night, the Home grounded, about 100 yards limn the shure. The ladies had all been requested to go lorward, as tbe place where they were was u ore likely to reach the shore, being nearest the beach, lint a heavy sea struck her there, and swept nearly one hall of them into the sea and they were drowned. One boat was stove at this time. Another small tioat ts as launched, with two or three persons tu it, but capsized. The long Dual was then pul oveiboard, filled with persons, 25 m number, it is supposed, but did not get 15 feet from the side of the steam er before she upset, and n is tbe belief ul om in formant that nut onto! the individuals in her ev er reached the shore. The sea was breaking over the boat at this time with tremendous lour, and pieces of her were breaking oil’ at times, anil floating towards tlie sliore. on some of w liicli per sons were clinging. One lady, with a child in her arms, was in the act of mounting the stairs to the upper deck, when the smoke stock fell anil doubtless killed her anti child on the spot. Some lew nf Hie ladies were lashed to the boat—Mil Schroeder was confined in this uminer to oneul tbe braces of the boat, and another lady was tied to the same piece ol timber. All. Vandeizcr was standing near them, when the latter lady slipped along tbe biare so that (lie water broke over her. Mr. V. seized her hy the clothes, and held her up for some time, and made every ex ertion that was possible to release her, hut failed. She herself eiuleavuied to unloose the rope, tut was unable to do so, and shortly afterwarttstlie brace broke off from the host, and went towards (he shore. Airs. Schroeder, still fastened toil, vviiile her unfortunate companion, slipped offvnd was lost. Airs. S. after striking the beach, with great presence of mind, drew the timber upon the heacti so fi-r as to prevent it lioni being wash ed away by the waves, and was thus saved. The Ins 11 of the boat broke into three pieces, and the shore was completely strewed with por tions ol the wreck, baggage. Ate. lor five or six Hides in extent the next iiioniing. Captain White, with six or seven other persons clung to a piece of the forwanl part of the boat and reached the beach in safely. Airs. Lcost<* floated ashore nearly exhausted, and had she not been taken up would most probably have petisb ed. Air. Vanderzer svis not tin person who >'*s saved hy the lile preserver, but saved Inmsell by swimming, and was nearly diowned before he reached Ihe land, in encountering a portion ol the wreck, of considerable length, which hcs obliged to climb over. Mr. H. Anderson was the gentleman who wore the life preserver, anti was don lit less entirely indebted to it lor his pre servation, as lie was utterly unable to sw,m. It was fixed underneath his arms, and every sea >nt struck him, winded him over once or twice, nut hi invariably came “head up,” and i. forturaie* ly, a living evuienceof the usefulness ol this in valuable invention, with which evexy peisounbt g;t>es to sea should ptovide llieinselve'- Mr. Lovegreen was on the upper deck, “tia tolled the bell of the bo it until almost evei * l,m had left her, when he sprung off and swnti ‘• ■* land. We h ive been thus particular m giving “ circumstance, as we know the uiixieiy that exi' 1 • and feel much indebted to Alt. Vandeizer lw 115 kindness in furnishing us with the details. About 20 of the bodice of the drowned, f" 111 ® ashore before Mr. V. left, and had I'* 6l ’ ‘ ,,,e,r1 . or preparations were making to pet form lltid im ‘ anchuly duty for them- PcofMsoi Noll and ‘, ao y arc both lost, ft’ NcVi's body w„, wmlied on slime before flt‘7 ‘he ■"’Uch. . tilt. Vanderzer thinks that there were 22 I 1 *” sengers, and 16 of the crew saved—3B in ali en, there are two otheis ol the lotmei, *‘ |M ’ names are not given. , . Must of the passvngers remained on (lie n* Jl all night. Some six or seven, howeter M*® their wav to the light hmiye, several mile* 0 • among liiem twn nr three of the tiew, en |l,r / divested of their clothifig. ■ Messrs. Vandeizer. fiisbop, Anderson Holmes, got on hoard a brig, and oaine to A e * hem; and it is probable that the rmtder *