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MR. EEGARE’* LETTER
(cukcvucvO
If [ am right in t!ic preceding views, no benefit ei
ther to the nation, or to our particular •• sectiou oi it
in to be tip, clod from the adoption ot lire spin ie cl ruse ;
nn the contrary, of all part, of the country, the South
h.t i:!o„t to dread from the probable effects of that
mea-ror, in deranging the currency, and diminishing
the resource* of trade. I confess, an 1 have said on
r. niiur oor.isior.a, that, this clause being omitted, my
objections ‘C not so strong to a plan of restricted or
sp rci.il i ; “rites with the bunks, although 1 have, as
„t. .*on none that appeared to me calculated to work
\,dl in practice. With a proper understanding—such
n, in . :,l always exist in this great commercial coup
try, U twr en its government ami its monad inslitu
i; -between the Secretary of /i.e Treasury and litas
hanks, the detail* of a system might, perhaps, be so
arranged ns to operate as a salutary check upon the
latter, without brenking in upon ail their established
I,a its ,f hi:, no h, No innovations arc more to he
di.; did th:■ ii tinse iii the currency. It is not the
ns ■ v.iiuv alleged by the advocates of this
■! , me. the* Ii 11. d<. :TClis ot benefiting, by thus ex
:in :; i thM all possible indulgence. It is the *//!•
I. . • p.'i of the country, which areindis
i ... v connected with banking operationi It is thus
th.’ i h r interests ore become idcntilied with ours,
nothin” sho:t of puerile to talk of them ns
an .. ,s*i Rankers are, in the money trade
.ini the oj - . of credit, precisely what merchants
, •o’ ligcf toinnierce —tlw \isihlc and
,ii cti.- ci.ltilives of on interest extending to
. clB-.fs -d >|<-Itand to attack whom is really to
inske ar upon the whole community* Especially is
in in tit: idiv. The great mass of our eircula
ticn is. and is life Iv to continue, ns we have seru it
< i; ‘i Is ,‘o j cr of some kind or other, private or
j ..t r . i.t individuals nr of partirerehips and companies.
It i. air nu'. 1 eonditiiu. — our fundamental law—
unci, ngenblc dssdny. I venture to affirm —that
■ ,: ■ if:,,.t to it will lie utterly abortive,
n\d v: I .ii h . ; r lure disorder and confusion worse
eoiifnuu.’i, •!. i mri not afraid to add, that government
• t jc let • I p ~ ii. my opiukin, no more right to inter
■re in the tunic cf bunking, thnn in any other branch
: • i',!c. J . or with a clever English writir, that
: if are the same propen: itii sos human nature nt
.In if ..tc the trade in money which regulator
lie tiade in hard-ware or calico; and in regard to tlm
’ g of promissory notes, which has been treated
as rt of usurpation of tiic functions of government
e -.itutir:7 a necessity and warrant for interposition,
. is, in 1 1 utli, a natural growth of commerce, not to he
suppressed by any thing hut despotic vioh nee, but ne
cessarily kept within due bounds, where there is free
scope for competition, by the operation of the very
principles to which it owes its rise.” Tins is a [art of
that grand and brncflccnt scheme of freedom of com
merce and industry, eo pregnant with important moral
results of all sorts, which, 1 am firmly persuaded, is
destin"'’, and that at no very distant day, to prevail
universally among civilized nations. But he that as it
may, 1 can do no more than throw out the idea
here) i depieeate every attempt on the part of aur gov
•’” *. di ally or indirectly, to regulate —except hv
r ‘ noil’- ot a proper standard, and by a prudent
■>t “• own lulll's ns a customer—the l-suing of as
tiguahle paper—to limit its quantity arUtrarily. witb
flerenee to the demands of commerce—to say what
j i'.ions it shall bear to the spt cie reserved to re
deem it, ud the like. I sav <!i; ctly, or indirectly—
lor although the l aw system has a specious air of in
depeiidenre and laissez-faire shout it, it would really
he a pc hive and most pernicious interference with the
ranretiey of the country,as I think I have satisfactorily
shown. It is aa ellbrt to force into circulation, to the
amount ol the whole share which the government lia.i,
in the import trade—that is to from 20 to 30 psr cent,
of it- aggregate value in dutiable i snnnodities—a quan
tity of gold and sitver not at all called for by the cir
cumstances of the country, oi the usual demands of its
commerce. ‘This is the necessary ellect ol the system,
and indeed, its avowed object; for it lias been pressed
upon the country, with pious zeal, as a great refurm
—•it has been preached, in a fanatical spirit of props- I
gandism as the end of the aliominations of a fraudu
lent paper system.
A specie currency, or ar.y thing approaching to it,
being, for so many reasons, totally ovt of the question
here, the banking system of the country has been treat
ed by all our leading statesmen as a f.ict quite inde
pendent of the will ot man, and as much to he assumed
in our policy, as any thing else in the order of nature,
as ths vicissitudes of the seasons, or the ebb ami flow |
of the tide . Spmrtum narlus rt —have extreme, has (
been their r >ge maxim. They have, with the caution ‘
aiv! the modesty characteristic of true practical wisdom,
made the most of the actual condition of things, instead
ol affecting to alter it, fundamentally, in the meddling,
pieoumptuous spirit of theoretical innovation. They
saw how impossible it was to disprense with the use of
bank paper, and while, by the statute of 1789, they in
aisit .: ii; enforcing thecor. t itututtonal,or specieetand
nrd. their uniform, uninterrupted, unquestioned and ,
unqu -stionjlile pi a lice, which was to consider con-]
vertdile paper as gold and silver, demonstrates that they
aii'.H-d at tmiiiiug more than maintaining that standaid. I
All attempts to how that they meant any thing but
this, that they luJ the remotest idea of receiving no
thing:!’ the j -ei-.uiy hat the precious tret ah, arc iric
conri! iNc will their whole conduct, from that day to
‘ his, and r-> ut erly absurd and groundless. It was,
doubtless, t'i • > .une rrgard foi the public interests, thus
ins. parable from the credit system, as it exists in this j
country, that led them to do what is now, tor the first
t'me, d.sc ivered to be a monstrous violation of the laws j
of tiic laud, viz; to allow the hanks entrusted with the 1
custody ol hr. Jepoe.u, to deal with them as with the !
liiy jsits ot fiitj, -tlier customers. They saw no reason
w vj !<ree an anjount as the average balances of the ‘
ftove.i. : \i<l :.s i was upon commerce, should |
t e withdraw .. from the uses of commeree, and hoarded j
in vsj.is end safes, instrad of being made the aliment j
ot industry, and the means of improvement, in the’
hands of enterprising mek. I have shown what the j
• hole community, w hat our Southern commerce rape-!
“inly, wtrul-i .ore by the denial of this privilege to our I
■ie;.enterics. We. should diminish trade by some |
twenty in'limns of dollar* a year, without, so far as I
• aa m a, the Ira.-t jjva..tage to the country at huge, or 1
lo tin - part 1 t. or to any body in it! ‘ilte subject I
hiivo had o ‘ -j-ion ta treat somewhat at length elre
v ■ •’ ‘-'I 1 shall now content myself with barely
..ucaing n; n it. It our people seriously believe that,
i . .icr.-xv “> large an amount of capital firm the
11 “ * 1 1 ‘four commerce is to benefit the South,
f er ‘ ‘"-'ial... us ( .s-lcston* will, in consequence of it,
loe. ,ti bank f, ics proportionally us much aa New
n • . suit'd they greatly err. Out should this
common v>r at .. t-gth grow into law, I should, at
leiist, endeavor t - > mitigate, as fai a> poaaiblr, its ~il
uamoiiinr ,by reducing the new demand for specie
w the nairim >st poasilde bounds.
iiv ts ‘ •.! i tioti, when I first thought of writing
1! •’ 1 •• sen is, very niurli at large, the strange
consume , ,al objections, both us to the receipt of bank
I’ 1 per f lie public dues, and the allowing the use of
the i • oe.ts to the banks, which liuve been rcecntlv
’ ‘■ * 1 ie, w ;th a- niueli confidence as if, insteml
>*’ pm; tout, shocking tiie eonimou sense and
■cuh.s ojNiiioui ol the whole country ; they were more
If-cviuen. truths. Hut these points, ns well as some
of sti.'i greater impoituncc, most be reserved for
‘'Hurt oecniion. I will only remark, as to the
” t ol ihse objections, that, if 1 lie not grossly dc
to iht. tendency of the measure, its eflect.in
. juld be to produce the very evil which the
i natitntional law, cited to justify, or rather
,fl adoption, wus intended to obviate. 1 have
• former occasions, and I repent here, that the
‘‘ reei\i;y scheme, whatever might be the views ol
im advocates, or however it might operate at first,
would infallibly degenerate into a government hunk.
I compared it with wlmt the Mint once wus in Eng
land a gtrnt centre of commercial operations and re
mittances, from pi rco to place. This consequence
would be. to a certain degree, inevitable, Ju this v H st
country, with a people so much habituated to the use
ol paper, a large jmrtion of the public credifc.ru would
Prefer drafts upon the Treasury to IK . „ . These
drafts would circulate like the receipts of the hank es
Amsterdam, while the precious metals they were sup
pored to represent, would either he hoarded in cnor-’
men* quantities, or, what I must confess appears more ‘
probable, would Is l fradnlently put into simulation, as I
Iv. well known to bve been tho cane with the ticasurs
*l.et if he rrmcinbrred that nor direct imports have
“really iiu n < “rs of late venrs, mid are still on the iw
.—and tl.ut every increase of them would, il’tTw|
’ i courted on povrrnni'rtf deposits, he just >e
. i added to our available means. >
of the institution just mentioned. At any rate, the’
control which the system would give to the executive
department of the government over the fiscal condition
of the country —would he immense I said the other
dav in the House, in reply to Mr. Cambreleng’s obser
vation, ;Wat the only hue issue heween this system and
a Bank of the United Slate—that he had not stated that
i sue w ith sufficient precision ; that the alternative was
not between a Bank of the United States, and some
thing of a very different character, Iml between a com
mercial and a political Bank of the United States—be
tween a hunk governed by a company of meichants ex
clusively, w ith a view to the interests of its stockhold
ers, anil life wants of commerce, and a bank managed
by the Secretary of the Treasury, for putposes certainly
not commercial.
Now, it is remarkable, that one of III* grounds upon
which we are urged to confide to the executive depart- I
mi nt of the govi rnment, this most dangerous control
over the whole treasury of the country, and to increase,
withal, i;s already enormous patronage and influence, |
is that very clause of the constitution of which the ob
ject was to limit, 3s much as possible the discretion
. of that department in this particular, and to place it
compleii lv at the mercy of the legisturc for all its sup
plies, The clause referred to is, that “no money khatl
hi drawn from the treasury, hut in cormcyuenee of
, appropriation* made hy law, and a regular statement
and account of the receipts and expenditures of public
, money shall he published from time to time.” Eveiy
. body who knows in wlist school our fathers were cdu
, rated, that their political philosophy is as clearly to he
I traced to Locke and lloadlv, as that of the (Jomtitucnt
Assembly of France to J. J. Rousseau mid ‘ho (Jontiut
, Social; will, at once, recognise in this, one of the lead
ing whig doctrir es of the revolution of 1688. ’The
. grt nt. and fundamental principle that money voted by
l parliament is appropriated ami can only be applied to
certain specified heads of expenditure introduced at art
earlier period, though continually violated in practice,
. has been invariably adhered to since the famous scttlc
l ment of the revenue under William 111. The lords of
the treasury, by a ciumse annually repented in the ap
, propriation net of every session, are forbidden, wider
I severe penalties to order, by their warir trt. any moneys
. in the txi-lrequet so appropriated to be issued for any \
, other tu vice, ami the officers of the exchequer to obey !
i such win rant. This, as the historian remarks,-j has
i givsn the House f Commons so rlTei tual a control
. over the executive power, or, more truly speaking, lias
rendered it such a participator in that power, that no j
I administration can possibly exist without its concur-j
i rsirco. The only deviation from this strict rule of ap
propriation is the not unusual one, in time of war, or
. under circuinsiHiices likely to lead to it, of granting
. considerable sums on a vole of credit, which the crown
. is thus enabled to stq ply, at its discretion, during the
recces of parliament.
I \ou pern >c Im* strange a perversion of this pre
. cept of our fundamental law is implied in this great
| divrovery of ot r own day, that its object is not to limit
, the power of the tixerutivc, in the expenditure of the
| | itblic money, and render K completely accountable to
I the representatives of the people, but to restrain the te
, giilat-ure ifcelf in the custody of it. It was, it seems,
. ‘• no high theory of government worthy of such minds,
, | no rare about kerping separate its diflerent departments
i mac of tl.- sensitive jealousy so universal at that time,
. slid I will add, so wall fannied, wilh rrgard to the
. Executive, it was simply a group, material concern—
[ (Ji* jackdaw instinct alluded to hy Burke—about the
. preservation of the money itself, from loss or destruc
. lion. Provided it wore put in a fire proof building,
. with bars and (mils and vaults and safes turn stridor
. I ferri tratferi/ue caterer —though the key were, after nil,
, put into the hands of a thief or traitor, all were well!
I hrn- is something so ludicrously little, as well ns so
, glaringly absurd in this idea, that I am at a loss how
, to treat it. Vou see that, even as to the mere custody
of llrr money, far from giving greatar security, all this
; array ol rude physical strength comes to nothing with
. out confidence in the character of somebody—thatnw
i j era, the moat and drawbridge of the financial Bastile
I would oppose no sort „f obstacle to the “ golden ass”
I ol Philip of Macedon, though it might resist Parmenio
at the head of his phalanx. In short, this project brings |
I us hack a century and a half to the exploded system
of the goldsmiths in England. But, omitting that to
p.r. of which so much lias been said, observe, rs you
please, the inconsistency alluded to above. The ap
pointment of all these treasurers, with untold hoards
of gold and silver continually under their control, is
vested in the Executive, with absolute power to dis
(j place them at his will; that very Executive which the
1 clause of the eonstitotion vouched to nuhoriss such a
j system, was written with a view to restrain, end with
no other view under heaven ! Thia ie the logic of in- i
j novation. It will strike you, I dare say, still more
forcibly when you come to leani that no one has ever j
dreamed of putting upon the analogous words in the j
annual English appropriation sets, this singular con
struction. I give it you on the authority of fcir 11.
Parnell, that all public moneys in England arc received
and paid bv the hunk; it is a mere fiction that they go
into the exchequer at all.'*
I have throughout confined mj self to stating niv oh
jertions to the system proposed. I have not ventured
I to bring forward any plan of my own, and for this plain
I reason, that tho execution of it w ould, under our prac
! tire, he confided to the hands of its enemies. You know
that in England, and indeed every where in Europe,
under the constitutional regime, the moment a minister
, finds himself unable to command a majority in the pop
ular branch of the Legislature, for any measure of car
dinal importance, he retire* as a matter of course, and
J a successor is furnished front the number of those who
■ have defeated him. This casts the responsibility of any
1 measure where it ought to rst, tvpon the hea ls of its
parliament try supporters, and gives it every chance of .
! a successful operation. Besides this, it enables the ,
Legislature, in efiiit, to participate in the Executive
I power try virtually appointing its ministers, Wc order
i things different here. Nothing, hut the will of the !
Prcsulrnt, can displace a minister'and those who, scs
i sion ulier session, re ject the plans of a department, see ,
1 themselves compelled either to h ave the allairs of the
■ country, in w hat they consider as u state of disorder, or 1
| to assume the responsibility of devising measures, ot
| which the executive is to he confided to those most in- ‘
j tcrcsted in defeating them. Ido not complain of this ; .
I acquiesce in what is considered as the established
1 practice of the Government; hut certainly, it is u sirt -
cient excuse for those who have offered no remedy, that t
no remedy they could have offered would hive been erf- I
ruinie tend according to the terms mid in the true spirit .
of the prescription’ lam still of opinion that with ado- j
quate skill and perfect good faith in carrying it out, the ‘
Stnte Bank Deposite System w ould he found to answer !
perfectly well in practice, hut I know that every thing \
would depend on pood management. It ought to hi’ j
recollected that wc have, during almost our whole exts- j
tcnce as a united people,been accustomed to a Nation- j
al Bank. It was to he expected that uny new system
could encounter difficulties at first, for these are mat
ters of experiment, and a failure recounted for hy such
a alntc of things os was brought on by the war and hy
the late extraordinary crisis, proves nothing at all
against the general feasibility of a measure.
in conclusion, I have only to suy that I have never
bestowed more rich herate and conscientious reflection }
upan any subject than I have given to this important
qui si ion. I fee! all its difficulties. I know especially
how much depend* upon the good conduct of our hank
ing institution*, which in the alrsenee of a general reg
ulator arc always more er less prone to excessive ac
tion. I can easily imagine n state of things in which
the country would he driven, in self-defence, to adopt
some such plan as has been recommended tons. This
1 should regard, of course, as a great misfortune, and
nothing hut *u urgent necessity, would recomileme to
it. Every consideration of duty and policy sermsto mo
to require that we should do whatever we can, consist
ently with the constitution and the high interests of the
country, to prevent such a result. Indeed, as n strong
reason for opposing the prcecnt adoption of the hill,
was that the resumption of specie payment by the
hanks would have been rendered more difficult, perhaps
impossible hy it. Those institutions would have been
compelled to luruish, f>r immediate disbursements to
the Government, sums so large as utterly to exhaust
their stock ol specie, without any retenencc to thcoidi
nary circulation.
I need not assure you that to dilfer with so many
gentlemen in qur own State, for ivhntn I entertain the
j Hailam, C. If. of England.
•On Financial Kcform. 323,4. On this subject of
Vnr custody of motley, the writer of nu cxccilrut article
in the Quarterly Review, some time ago, mention*
joint jtock rompsmea as a great dander ahem for that
pugpnec the distress brought gn the frugal poor, bv
Im! i4r<>*Ny attorneys and other depositaries being terri
jde.
moat profound reetret, as wo’.l as sincere personal rc- ’
gard, is most painful to me. My own constituents have j
not thought proper to embarrass me hy any expression
of opinion. 1 thank them for it. It would have made
my situation (if the majority had proved to lie against
me) infinitely more disagreeable, without changing my
course. If they disapprove what I lave dour, and
think it renderv me unworthy of their confidence the
time is now at hand when they will have an opportuni
ty of thawing their displeasure. I know that I have
had their inlcres, always ut heart; that I have exerted
mv poor abilities, to the utmost in their service ; that I
have neither done nor omniittcd to do any tl ing, hut
from a sense ofduty to them and to the country. The
place I occupy as their represent itive, frerjy clectsd,
because I enjoy their confidence and esteem, is one of
exalted honor—but I should scorn my sell if 1 could
seek it on any other terms. I have learned to say of
my political life, what the great p>et makes the a. chan
ge! cay to the first man of of his natural life.
Nor love thy life, nor hate, hut wliut thou liv'st.
Live well, how long or short, to heaven commit.
It is true that years devoted to study and incdituliou,
I with a view principally to the public servile, may have
inspired me w ith some hope of living useful to my coun
-1 try, hut those studies would not have brought forth
their best fruit, had they not long since tnugl.t nm to
bear, vvilh tranquility, the reverses of all sorts, which
uro the inevitable lot of man.
I have the hon ir to be,
With high consideration and esteem.
LV.u- sir, vour devoted humble servant,
HUGH 8 WIN TON LEU A ItE.
MISCELLANY*
From the Christian Statceemeui
MxwaoTH Ctvi, —We are greatly indebted to a
most respected friend, Dr. V. ILv'l, late President ot
Mount llopre College, Maryland, fir permission to pub
linli the following extract from a journal of a tour
through the Western country. \\ e hope the entire
journal will soon he given to tile public. Hr. flail isa
gentleman of great attainments in science, n most judi
cious and discriminate observer of men and things, and
with talents, habits, and nrh pure and elevated moral
sentiments as well qualify him to enlighten tho reason,
to improve the maimers, and to gratify the taste of his
countrymen. Os his powers of description we need
say nothing to those who will peruse this account of
one of the moot wonderful production* of nature.
Tux Cave Horst, June 28, 1838.
Commenced my tide from Bell’s tavern on Iron
bark, at five o’clock this morning, with the li\< and inten
tion to he here, ami breakfast at tcvi n. It is now mid
day. ‘Plre distance is seven miles—all the way—ex
| eeprting tw o nr three dots of half (lenietl land, mid :i log
! dwelling—through a perfict wilderness, comprised
j chiefly of the stinted black-jack oaks, starved by the
! stertiiity of the soil, over which they are spmrsely .'( al
tered. The roml was nothing hut :i liotse path, to lie
keprt hv mentis of marked trees. Aci j ired hoy, at his
; master’s bidding, a'compained me two mile . and then
I said, “I’ll go Jrsck, sir, now, the path is plain; if you
I look well to thr blazed trees you can't pet w rong.”
j Dlazed, blazed, said 1. that is anew word, or rather, a
j ue of it to which my ears hive not been accustomed,
i what dors it mean bev I “ H means bluzul, sir, I don’t
know nothing mere about it.—The trees arc blazed,
but you must look sharp.”—Does it mean marked !
“Mightv near sir.”—He loft use and I moved ahead,
gtiiileless, tw o mile* farther, and then, perchance I met
an old woman, a daughter of the Ethiopian stock, o!
whom I enquired the way to thr Mammoth Cave.
“ You can't miss it, sir, for a heap of strangers were
along here last week.” But I did miss it.
j There are rnauv crors paths, and they, too, all have
their blazed trees. I took one of them, I know not
where or why, and then another, and another, ami so
have lieen wandering shout, like a Ipst child, in this
lone forest, seven long hours, amid the stillness of thr
tomb—or h stillness broken only now ayd then, hy the
sopulrhrnl sounds of the turtle-dove, a native of these
i waods. I saw no Irving rreaiurr, eave four or five
monstrous sized buzzards; that rapacious ill favored bird
—that winged scavenger, which ii cds and gormandizes
on putrid flesh, and tho more putrid and offensive it is
to man, the lietter it suits his palate.
The Cave House is one of the commonest of one
1 story, framed dwellings, much out of repair, and occu- |
pried by a Mr. Hhsckford, who shows the cave and re
sides within n few rods of its entrance. This duty was
lately performed hy a Mr. Gntcwood. The rate and
farm, comprising fourteen hundred acres, on which the
. mouth of the cave is found—belongs So an opulent ile
j seendent of the patriarch Abraham, a Mr. Grata, of j
Philadelphia, lie here carried on during the late —and j
may it he the lust —war between our country and .
Great Britain—that unnatural war, of a daughter ;
against her mother—the manufacture of the nitrate of ;
potash, or saltpetre, and made it a profitable business.
—No less a quantity, lam told, than three or four
hundred thousand ] omuls were produced annually.
Dinner, or rather breakfast is prep ared. As soon as
1 this important question shall ho duly discussed, I shall
commence iny exprlorations tub terra. The young
man who is to he my Ciccronr and Mentor, is prrovi
ding two lamps, one for each of us, a small tin kettle,
filled with lard, or grease, to fired them, vvilh a number
of extra wicks, and several lucifcr matches.
B o’clock P. M. —All things being ready, we made
our descent, first on a moderately declivitous plain, and
then, by flight of steps, into the svvl'ul subterranean
abyss. At the entrance, we saw, in a ruinous condi
tion, iron kettles, [rumps, leeching vessels, aqueduct
|iipes, cry stalizing troughs, &c., the remains of the old
saltpetre works. The operation has, for a number of
j years lreen sus|icnded —not because the nitrous earth,
with which tho cave abounds, is exhausted , hut bc
! causa, in these peaceful times, the nitrate of protasl!
hears so diminished a jiriee, that it cannot he lucrative
:ly manufactured. This article, you are aw arc, is an es
sential ingredient in the composition of gun-powder. It
was made here, at a very earlv pretiod in the settlement
of the country, but how early, I do not possess the
means of ascertaining. And here let me remark, that
this huge hollow is hy the handicraft ot nature,
wrought out in compmct limestone, in which I observed
! hut lew distant remains, or impression# or, organized
i substances.
YVc entered the main cave nt 2 o’clock, P. M„ anil
prroceidcd in it, in a tolerable direct course, two miles,
to tho Temprle, passing, on the wav. the ‘Narrows’ the
‘First Hoprprers,’ the ‘Church,’ w here, when the nitie
tnakrrs were here, there was oeeasional preaching, the
•YY’ell cave,’ the ‘Ox Trough,’ the ‘Steam boat,’ the
| ‘Salts Room,’ where Espom and other salts are chrvs
talsted on the walls, the Devil's Looking Glass ’ the
‘Cataracts,’ which are two streams of water, issuing
from koles in the ceiling, about as large a* u hogshead.
’ After a heavy ruin, the noise of the waters pouring
into the abyss below, is heard at a distance, in a roll
ing sound like tlumdcr. The ‘Temple is an immense
•prpwrtinent, in which you might place all the houses
in Faranlt Row, and it would not he half full. Iu floor
was formerly said to itielude right superficial acres,
l.ec, who examincd.it, narrows it down to two acres.
His estimate appears to ino. is too large. It is, howev
er, higher, and moie capacious, beyond doubt, than
any other subterranean room in our ow n ar in any
other country.. In the centre, there is a huge, pryra
midul heap of fragmentary rocks, the debris of the lofty
vaults above. The guide clambered up and |rlaced his
lamp on the pinnaele. From that elevated |iosition, it
sent forth its rays in all directions illuminating, though
dimly, the whole enclosed space, and gave me a |iasu
hly good impression of iu vast magnitude- The won
ders of nature,how great! kow multiform! how astoun
ding! There are reprorted to Ire more than a hundred
aprartments, of different dimensions, in this overgrown,
underground mansion. The Temprle is far the most
spnieious, but you must not understand that it is built
in the remotest extremity of the cave, ft is not so.
The opening runs more than a quarter of a mile be
yond it. But curiosity did not pnissess power suffi
cient to imprcl my worn out carpus any farther.
There are branches, innumerable, passing offin al!
directions, from the principral eave, some of which are
more than a mile in extent. None of these branches
are nameless, hut when they were christened, or by
whom, I ken not. One of them, the ‘Solitary cave,’
we exploded. Its entrance is low. We were obliged,
for tile distaner of five oi six yards, to become quadin
pcd*. That passed, we raised our crouched frames,
and stalked along, us men erect, and might have done
so had we been ten feet taller. The ceiling ami walls
are bleached, and looked as if they had recently lreen
whitewashed. Here, too, every object has it* *|>ficlla
tion. You see the ‘Coral Grve Branch,’ ‘Alexan
der’s Pit,’ ‘Robber's Kettle,’ ‘Tecumseh's Grave,’ etee.
YY’e proceeded onward more than a half a mile, with
out encountering any tiling remarkable. This brought
ns to tlic ‘Fairy Grotto,’ a sp’.enJiJ jjrcvrt of tta'.su tiles
and stalagmites, of all sizes, shapes, anil ages. The
sound of the drops of water, ever and anon, tailing on
the floor, .'■jilai/i, /pitch /plash, comes to the car, hol
low and solemn. The work goes on briskly amid the
darkness of a double midnight. The light of the lamps
shows all the gradations of the procejs of formation,
f.om the nascent protuberance, swelling slid trembling
on the wall above, and the mamillary bubble, just be
ginning to rise from below, to the full grown pillar:—
that is, to the perfect union of the stalactite ands alag
inile in the form of a complete cylinder. What are
there not in this admirable workshop ! Here are su
perb pillars, fluted and plain, w ith elegant cornices and
pedestals in all the architectural orders; alatnstcr lire |
places of every fashion ; urns nud vases of sn >wy deli- i
vary, a range of white curtains, seemingly thrown
gracefully around a magnificent pulpit; little images,
resembling pigmies sitting in marble chairs, and what
ever else the most fruitful imagination eau drum up.
But it is idle t > write. To enjoy you must yourself
r.—Many of the tall pillars are half u yard ill diame
ter, and of the purest white calcareous alabaster, capa
ble of being wiouglit into candlesticks, snull'boxes, and
numerous other articles of ornament and use. After
loading the guide and myself with specimens of the
productions ot this wonderful grotto, w e made ourtc
trear to the main cave.
Her# my lamp in conscqu nc of its oil being exhaus
ted, went out. What would you do, said Ito the
guide, if yours were to be extinguished: could you find
your way to the day-light 1 ‘.N'o,’ he replied, I would
not venture to attempt it, for fear I should break my
neck in tumbling over the piles of rocks, which have
comedown from the top, or fall into some of the holes
which are met with in this long passage. My wisest
course would be to remain where 1 am, till the people of
the house, alarmed at my long absence, should come to
: search for me with a light.’ ,
Indeed, an imprisonment in this “ big dark grave’’ is
1 a thing I would by no means covet. It would In
more dismal, if possible, than confinement in a cell ol
the Hostile. We were, in fact, ill some danger of fall
in;; into such a dilemma; for my companion’s last
wick was nearly burnt out; the light grew dim. and we
were obliged to add new celerity to out wearied stops.
V\ e reached Iho outlrt at precisely eight in the evening,
having passed six hours in our subteraneau wanderings-
The air in the rave is cool and agreeable, but on com
ing out and suddenly plunging into the heated atmos
phere of tin- outer world, I felt, for a few moments, no
slight degree of debility and exhaustion.
I have touched on only a few points, and those per
haps, not the most int resting. What shall I say of
this wonder of nature, as a whole? I shall not at
tempt a description of it. 1 would fall infinitely below
the realty. 1 had read and heard much about it, long
since, but the half, the quaitcr was not told me, Its
vastness, its lolly arches, its immense reach into the bo
som of the solid earth, astonish me- It is—like Mount
Wane, Chimborazo, and the falls of Niagara,—one of
God's mightiest works.—Shull I compare it with any
thing, of a similar description, which we have seen on
the other side of the Atlantic? With the grotto of
Neptune, or of Sybil at Tivoli, or with any of Virgil’s
Italian machinery. No comparison can be instituted.
I speak, you are aware, from personal knowledge.
Von seated on the opposite bank of the Anio, have seen
me clamber up, from the noisy stream below, to the
entrance of the Far famed grotto of Neptune which 1
leisurely explored. In point of capaciousness, it is lit
tle more than the cellar of a large hotel. That of the
Tiburtine Sibyl, is still smaller. Indeed every cavern,
which I have ever seen, if placed alongside of this
would dwindle into insignificance. Oh that we had a
1 i gil, as superior to the Mantuan bard as our caves,
and rivers, and mountains surpass those which he has
celebrated in immortal song 1
I will add, that. I was deceived, in certain particu
lars, by the published reports of previous visitors, re
garding this mighty excavation. In the first place, its
extent, is much less than I had supposed, It lied been
represented to be fifteen miles in length. This is wide
from the truth. The farthest point from the mouth is
two and one fourth miles and eighty feet, according
to the admeasurement of the civil engineer, Mr. Ed
ward F. I.ce, from whose decision there lies no appeal.
From the same source, I learn that the united length of
all the branches with that of tlie main stock, does not
exceed right miles. In the second place, it has been
stated, that visitors sometimes traverse the Mammoth
Cave on horse bat k. Tbe thing is impossible. No
horse, the guide assures me. was ever in the cave. It
would be difficult to get him in, on account of tbe
steepness of tbe descent, and w ere he there, travelling
a cheval, would be impracticable except here and there,
and that for short distances, in consequence of the huge
piles of rocks, which obstruct and bar up the passage
agailist all but pedestrian explorers. It would be far
easier for tire horse to mount to the top oft St. Peter's
on the gradual flight of stone steps w ith which that
magnificent edifice is furnished. It is true that oxen
were worked, and kept, in the first half mile ftom the j
cave’s mouth, during the continuance of the saltpetre 1
operations. The cave is damp and unhealthy. In proof j
of its general dryness, it will be sufficient to remark,!
that I set on fire pieces of cane, and other vegetable
sulistances, which, it is believed, have lieen there four
or five centuries, and were conveyed thither by the In- j
•bans, and the combustion was found to be speedy and j
vivid. The guide’s (ee was one dollar- The work of
the day is now done and I shall have, I have no doubt
that soundness of sleep, which bodily exercise and toil
ordinarily impart,
Interview with n Shark. —Heine; in LaGuayra du
ring the month of June, I was tempted by the heat of
the lowland to bathe in the sea ; I swam out to some
roeks, which lay a quarter of a mile from the shore,
and there dived to pick up some beautiful shells. As 1
got near the bottom I balanced myself in mid-water, to
, observe a most beautiful phenomenon. It being noon,
i and the sun crossing the equator, near w hich stands
La Guayra his beams were reflected with surpassing
splendor on the surface of the water, which were agi
tated into rippling waves by the midday breeze ; these
little waves were reflected on the sandy bed of the sea, |
which reflection showed like a waving and shifting net;
of burnished silver. I saw the net w ith pleasure!
stretched as far as my eye could reach, save nty own
shadow, as it were, intercepted it. Suddenly this was
overshadowed by the most terrific object. Instantly .
east roy eyes upwards, and gracious Heaven ! I be
held right above, one of the moat terrific monsters in ]
nature, known to the English in these seas under the ,
application of shovel nosed shark. I cast a few glan- !
ees aloft, and observed his glaring eyes, that looked at |
once stupidly dull and frightfully malignant. Their
savage ken was directed down upon me; its greedy
mouth was opening and shutting, as if in anticipation
of swallowing me. I swam, still under water, to an
other place ; but I could observe, by the shadow of the
monster, that ha still followed me ; upwards I dared
not look; but in vain tried to dodge my tormentor;
where I stopped, be stopped, and go wliere I would,
still his shadow fell upon me. What was to bo done?
My strength and breath weir fast going; to remain
much longer under watei was imjMvssihle und to rise
was to make for the jaws of pnrdition.
I sank to the bed of the bay, to arm myself with
, some conch shell; these might have been of some use
could I have gained the stnface of the water unharmed,
i in which I might have hurled them at his enormous
head. Hut no, the shark seemed aware that I could
i not long remain below, and lie ilcteimcd to catch me as
j I rose. Suddenly a ray nfblessed hope shot across my
benighted mind. I was beside a rock that had a small
cleft through its centre, which near the bond of the hay
had a horizontal passage; down this cleft I had often
gone mil of mere boyish desire for adventure ; and to
this chasm I swam, and in an instant darted into this
horizontal part of it.
Ere I did this, the hideous fish came, too late, aware
of my manoeuvre ; and from the pressure of the water,
i I became sensible that he sunk down towards me; hut
j the love of life made me too quick for him, even in his
own element. I passed through the horizontal pass
age, Slid in an instant I was buoyed up through the
vertical cavity of the rock, and rose to the suface of the
WHler, almost suffocated, to inhale the blessed air. Still
the persevering sea devil followed ; it had also forced
itself through the aperture of the rock, but whether this
| was too small easily to admit Us enormous head, T
; know not; certain lum that the shark did not pass (lie
| cleft for some minutes after me. Hy tint time I stood
i upright upon the rock, on which there were two pr
! three feet of water, and a few rapid steps brought me
j out of immediate danger. I had gained it part of the
rock which was out of the water, although afliinlod but
bad footing, it being as sharp as the blade of a boat oar.
On tins, however, I g..i, as the monster emerged from
the passage, still pursuing me ; it made a rush towards
where I .kooJ, but I was out of i'-i cictii:..'.; it is'. cT
its huge head, as if to ascertain where 1 was, and in this
instant, I hurled one of the conch sheila, which I still
held in my hands, at his head, with such effect as to
►tun the fish. Ii now lay motionless for some seconds,
while I to prevent the sharp edges of the rocks from
cutting my leet, was obliged to kneel, and partly to
support myself with mv hands. I now perceived the
fish splashing the waters upon the rocks, till they were
in a foam, the fact was, it was high tide when we both
came tin, and as the wa'er was fast receding, it could
not gel off for want of depth. Some minutes had
elapsed cie I perceived its predicament, for my atten
tion Was directed tvwaids the shore, to which pine - I
called for succor, using every exclamation of distress
that I recollected. At length the fish ‘oceanic complete
ly high and dry, and 1 perceived the danger of my lute
mortal foe. but felt no generous pity for him. I now
(carle-sly changed my un#asy possession, and stood tip
light ou the flat part of the rock. I was too much ex
h..noted by my late adventure, to essay swimming ashore
and saw, with joy, a canoe approaching ine. One of
the three men in her proved lobe mv old friend, Jose
Garcia, who hsing informed of my late esciqa', culled
out Santi Maria !itis cl capitau delpuerto, (the har
bor master) that is on tho rock !” I must inform the
render that I have liganl of a large and well known
shovel nosed shark, called el capUtttl (hip in to, who in
the Hay of I.a Guayra, was as well known as Port key -
al Tom was in Jamaica. Whether, my late tbe was
the identical el capitan del puerto, I Ckmnqt take upon
myself to say, but Jose and the two men in the canon,
treated him with liitle ceremony; they heat the help
less shark’s head with iheir paddles until hewn , again
stunned, and linised him by cutting oil his tail, and
running a matched through his brain. — Warner Ar
undcll.
The human Panther. — fho Peoria Register, a pa
per which frequently instructs and amuses us with an
ecdotes connected w ith the settlement of the western
count y, furnishes us with the follow ing sketch which
it says, was r !a cd by a genth man of great respecta
bility, living near the spot where the circumstance oc
curred :
In tile latter part of that bloody tragedy, which
spiead dismay throughout this pait of the State, there
were about ttbO Indians cnc.anq.cd on the Illinois liver,
oppo ite the present town site of J.a Salle, composed
principally ol the Iroquois tribe. They had always
maintained a friendly intercourse with the w hites in the
vicinity, and had manifested a great partiality lor one
in particular. This was “ old Myertf a pertect proto
type of Cooper’s tiapp r. This State Was the fit hin
wh.ell he had erected his hut in advance 01-a white
population. He had of course acquired more of the
habits of the Indians than ol civilized men, and was
iarniiliarly known to them as *• The Panther”—-a title
which he had acquired from t‘. cm, by a daring exploit
in killing an animal of that uuiue, when leading tuem
in one of their wild hunts. At tho period referred to,
these Indians rallied under the Black Hawk standard,
and were committing many depredations upon the set
tlers in tile vicinity. When repulsed, they did not hes
itate wantonly to murder their formerfrieuds smbconi
panions. About the cabin of Panther nearly a hun
dred settlers had come in for the safety of the r wives
and child red, placing them under bis protection, lint
among the victims of savage barbarity, there happened
to be a brother-in-law of the Panther, with his wile and
til.ee children. Herein they committed an unpardon
able outrage upon the family of llieir ancient friend and
deniisa- age. When the sad tidings ofthei cruel fate
leached the garrison, the Panther was seen clothing
himself in battle array. With his rifle, his tomahawk
and scalping knife, in open day lie silently lient his
steps to the Indian quarters, about one mile dit nt. —
Fcaikssly he marched into the midst of the sav age
band, leveled his rifle at the head chief present, and
deliberately killed him on the spot. He then severed
the lifeless head from ils trunk, and held it up by the
hair before the awe-struck mukitude,exclaiming,-you
have murdered my brother, his wife, and their three
little ones, and now 1 have killed your chief. lam
now even with you ; but,” added he, <• every one ot y ou
that is found here to morrow morning at sunrise, is a
dead Indian.” All this was accomplished by the Pan
ther without tlie least molestation. They knew that he
would take vengeance for their deed ot blood—and si
lently acknowledged the justice of the daring act. He
then bore oIT the head in triumph to his cabin. The
next morning not an Indian c-ould be found in nil that
region. They left forever their homes and their dead,
and that part of the lias not been molested i.y
them since.
A few weeks since, this veteran of eighty w inters
sold his claim, and caparisoneJ With the same hunting
shirt and weapons which l.e wore when he killed the
chief, started for Missouri. After travelling a few rods
he returned and asked permission to give his “grand
pell.” The gentleman to w hom he had sold the land,
giving his assent, he gave a long, loud and shrill whoop,
that made the welkin ling for miles around. “ Now,”
said he, “ my blessing is on the land and on you ; your
ground will always yield an abundance, and you will
always prosper.” Again he took up his march for a
new- home in the wilderness, w here lie could enjoy the ,
happiness of solitude, undisturbed by social lies.
I Crat ri o:ls Advertising. —Every body knows or
; ought to know, that the publishing business is one of
large expense—employing a great number of persons,
I and an extensive capital-; that every paragraph set up
costs a certain sum of money in the composition, or set
ting up of the type and occupies a certain space, which
ought to yield a proportion of income to the proprie
tors. Every body must know, too, that the main
source of this income is the portion of the sheet devoted
to advertisements, and that to ask the gratuitous inser
tion of an advertisement, or ofa communication or an
editorial notice, to serve in the place of one, is literally
asking the publisher to incur an expense ofa dollar or
more without making him a farthing in return.
It is to all intents and purposes asking him to take a
sum of money from his pocket, and pri • nt it to the ap
plicant. Act this thing is done every- day, and many
times every day ; and that too hy men who have no
earthly claim on the charity of the publisher, and who
can much better afford than he can to disburse the mon
ey—without adverting to the fact that the object of the
advertisement or communication is to promote their
interest, and not that of tire publisher.
There are scores of persons who would never dream ;
of walking intoa tailor's-shop and asking for the gift of I
n waistcoat, or into a hatter's and begging to lie favor- *
ed, free gratis, with a hat, yet can see no impropriety
in calling upon the publisher for the gratuitous an
nouncement ofa course of lectures, or a patent fly-trap,
or any other notion, in the bringing of w hich before the
public they happen to have an interest A cu> York
Commercial Advert iter. •
A rare place is a menagerie, both for exhibition of
the animals observed,and the humans observing. Va
rious are the drolleries in each, which pass before the
keeper, ‘Have you such an animal as prock, in your
me tan gent rtf ?’ said a back-woods wag to tbe president
of a western itinerating ‘institute’ of wild animals.
‘No; never heard of him ; what sort of a critter is he ?’
‘He is a Wisconsin varmint, which it is difficult suffi
ciently adequately to describe. He is exceedingly fleet
in fact, very much so. He has four legs—two short
ones on one side, and two long ones on the other. He
always grazes on an inclined plane; and the way they
catch him is curious. They head him, make him turn
round, and this brings his long legs on the up hill side ■
in consequence of which, his short legs an't no account.
He falls down, rolls over and over, and is mighty soon
catchod.’— Knickerbocker,
Cratnt-s Notion of Discount. —lt chanced one
gloomy day, in the month of December, that a good
humored Irishman applied to a merchant to discount a
bill of exchange for him at rather a long, though not an
unusual date; and the merchant having easiiully remar
ked that the lull had a great many days to run.
“ That's true,” replied the Irislimun, hut then, my
honey, you don't consider how short (lie days are at
this time of the year.”
To xut x Hsu. hast Srrcco— White Waih
far all buildings inside or out. —Take clean lumps of
well burnt lime, slacked. Add one fourth pound whit
tling or burnt shun pulverized, one pound of loaf su
gar, three quarts of rice flour made into a thin, and well
boiled paste, and one pound ot clean eat glue dissolved
as cabinet makers do. This may be put on Cold with
in doors, but hot outside. This w ill be as brilliant as
Plaster Paris, and retain its brilliancy for many years. |
Tile east end of the President’s bouse in Washington ;
is w ashed w ith it.— Cincinnatii Chronicle,
DOMESTIC.
The Indians still continue their depredations orTth,.
Southern frontiers of rhe state. At the early period
of their incursion. Gen. Taylor established a line r
defence around the Okcllnokc -Swamp, for the purpose
of protecting the inhabitants of the adjacent cuiintie
Seventy Dragoons were stationed at Kittle Creek ( “’
wards of three timer that force, composed of lno ‘ om P J
men and infantry, were posted about 70 miles hum Kit.
tie Creek. Col. Hdlirnd, with a hastily raised fo rc ,.
from Ware county, is in the immediate vicinity of tl,'',’
Dragoons. Another company of regulars ia posted u*
Dig Creek, 20 miles northeast of the post on Rjm ‘
Creek. Nevertheless, the Indians elude these p,,,",
and pass into the adjacent counties with peifect ioiimi
nitv, The Doited States troops have been in position
about three weeks. Indian* have appeared within la
miles of Coii!rcvil!c, a distance of thirty or more „dt„
within the line of defence edabliched Ly (ten. Tuyl
The Secretary of War should attend to these tliu,„
An efficient officer should be directed to take the trail
of the marauders with a sufficient force, and pursue
their trail till lie overtakes them. The idea of i<v,
In the day time, to look for Indians, should hair
hem o.ijdodid by this time; the probability of flu-h
capture would be equal to that of their being killed hy
lightning, (we forget how many thousands to 4.) qq',
dosing scenes of the Florida War, (and the invasion
ol Georgia may be an interlude) reflect great discredit
on the American arms. The nmnlier ot Indians u!
have effected a lodgment in the Okclinoke, may
about 100. and they have already desolated and driven
oil the inhabitants of the country South of the Matilb,
in tlic very face of a superior force of-the regular
troop.-; of tho l ui ted States army!— Oa. Journal ,
DISTINCTIVE IGKE AT IIU SON.
A lire kindled by the cinders from the Steam-Boat
Congress, white lying nt the dock at Hudson, broke
out ill one of the old \\ are Houses yesterday afternoon
about 3 o clock, which proved to lie more destructive in
its ravages than was ever experienced in tlnit city.
The flames were blown by a fresh North West wind
over the hill into the city, and raged with such fury m
to render the efforts of the Firemen unavailing.
The lire swept through in a south-easterly direction
to the South liny, where eveiy house was consume,’
It then extended op the hill towards the o!d Fresh} ti-.
i rian Church, doing great damage.
Two extensive lumber yards, one belonging to M,
Reed, and the other to Mr. Hudson, were entirely con
sumed.
j The large fire-proof --tore and Ware Houses, nr r
. the docks, are not injured ; nor did we learn tlnit f1,..
| Whale Company had sufiered materially. Apprehend
ing the destruction of their Ware houses, ti.c Oil u
[ rolled out on the dock, hot was safe,
j In passing Hudson at ‘J o’clock t:.i* moftun-:. in if.
| Steam-Boat Rochester, we were informed that SIXTV
Hi ft.DINGS WERE CONSUMED, and ib.t
lis was csffinat-il at TWO lit INDUED THO! -
AND DOIdARS! This is a .„•! blow Cir Hudson
Ju.tr. l;./ oj Cu.cmiiref.
-
Major Joel Crawford, one of the cor.miiswane.s 0 f
I the Rail load, constricting by the Mate, lias it: . rued
from the North, where, we a c happy t:> learn, he 1,.,s
! sucecesstidly accomplished the oljt it of h' visi
; was to dispose of the 8ta!o bond.-:. Major
I bus obtained the half million of dollars sothorixrd I
the Legislature, vie understand at the rate office per
cent —but by judicious arrangements, the interest cf
the first year will prohaldy not exceed four per cent.
Southern Recorder.
It is reported that Gen. Scott liar, fontrart.\l tv.’;h
John Ross, to undertake the removal of the mnainir,
I Cherokees. That he has agreed to allow him the
amount of j 300,000, to employ w agons, and pay other
necessary expenses, to effect it. — Rotiihtrn Hoarder.
Death of Com. It • tgerx, —The Fiiilodelphia p;
announce the death of Hum. John Itodgers, a di i
j guishel commander in the United States navy. The
Inquirer states that In-expired on Wednesday evinii l ’
; about nine o’clock, ut tlie Naval Asylum, near the
Schuylkill, in the seventy fourth icir ot ids age auera
| long and painful illness, which he lare with Christian
patience and resignation. White his liii-ii fs aiidrda
{tions will long chciish the memory of his social and
i doinestic virtues, h.s public services wilt be engraven in
j indelible charactt-ro upon die hr arts ..fliis eniuitrvmen
His funeral took place yesterday afternoon, and was
. attended by the officers of the navy on that s’ation. I
the Ist Brigade of FennsylvaiiiaMilitia, and by acoii
course of private citizens.— llidliine/re American ilk
inst.
The Augusta Chronicle states that t::t p ia|fs
Bank of Pennsylvania has made a loan of tvumillions
of dollars to the government of Texas, for ‘burton
years, at 10 jier cent, interest, with an understanding
that the notes of that bank shall he current in Tcra.-.
and that they are to make consignments of cotton to
, the credit of the hank, in Liverpool.
A Texas paper which reached us yesterday nvs
that the loan nflbrcd U five millions, for 20 vears, whnq
will be aceepted.
j The steam ship, the Great Western, lias just arrival
nt New York from Bristol after a passage of less than
14 days. The accounts brought by her stat ■ that the
news ot the defeat of the suh-Treasury hill was re
ceived in England with much satisfaction.
The election for governor and members of the legis
lature of North Carolina began on the 2Gth of July
und cndeJ on the Olh inst. The returns, as iar as
seen, shew such an increase of ths Whig vote as to
, leave no doubt but tint they w ill elect the governor and
a majority of the legislature.
Mr. Calhoun and his party contend that the direct
cllcet of the suls-Treasnrv hill w ill lie to advance tire
prosperity of the South. The Boston Advocate and
New York Post, on the other h ind, contend that it
will promote the interests of tbe North. And judging
by the Northern vote in Congress on the subject, they
are at least as likely to lie right as Mr. Calhoun.
Virginian.
i (jj- It is contended by Mr. Calhoun and his friends
that the suli-Treasury scheme is a Stole ltighti mea
sure, Why, then, is it sustained by the Union party
of South Carolina, Georgia, ike., the uniform oppo
nents of the State Bights party, almost f/i masse?
How is it that Mr. Calhoun is now separated from
j his old State Bights friends, and is handed with those
1 who sustained the Proclamation and the Bloody Bill’
We fear lie has got back to his old creed, to wit, that
it “is tire climax of absurdity to say that the htate>
have any rights at all; and, for the purpose of main
taining it, it is anxious to concentrate all (lower in the
hands of the federal executive—the very essence <I
monarchy.— lb.
So they go. —On the Ist inst., tire anniversary of the
abolition of slavery in the British Wet Indies,# negro
man und while woman were promenading Droud
New York, arm in arm, when they attracted the atten
tion of men and boys, who followed them some dis
tance, until their numbers incommoded the j-leaso' 1 -
promenade they were enjoying. At length *he <WJI
took refurge in a store, and the negro passed on,
was soon overtaken hy the “ regulators,” und[l>rong !
hark. Bhc pretended to be an English Fwonian,i*"*’
quainted with the “ social” condition of thing- in *’
country —stating that the negro belonged toiler be
-and was with her as a protector. They were ly 1
to the watch-house until the mob hud retired, * ‘ 1
they weie dismissed. It turned out, however, th** l ”
were man and wife, and had liken that day 1
appropriate to show oil’ u little independence.
From the Lewis!mi Tclgrafh.
At Chippewa, on Thursday last, when the “ 1
shower cuinc on, the military hand, followed hy * or ,
went into'S'atcr’s tavern, wham they plsyed severs n
tiniiul airs, and among otliers God save the W 1
‘llm crowd took their hats ofT, as the simple
ans alway* dp when that tune is played, but s
ican who was present stoutly refused to doll m *
So u warrant was got out for him, and the map*.
after abusing him jnd the Americans in genera ■
him one dollar, which lie paid ami walked on,
ling “ Yankee Doodle.”
AcnrsTA,—The Sexton reports the y.
deaths in that eity, during the month of July>
lows, viz: whiten IS,blacks 15 —total 30.