Newspaper Page Text
_ MISCELLANY.
From t/u Suvaniu\ Georgian.
REVOLUTIONARY IFEMM
The estimated expense o! the Revolutionary War,
in specie. la over 135 millions of dollars.
To meet lire intincose charge, Congress is ut-d from
1776 lo 1781, $367.476,511, of crxiiitienul or pa|>er
money, which,during that him-, depreciated nearly two
third* of lie value. In a Idilion to this, Congress ul>-
ta.ned loan* Irom h-unce and Holland; Irom lire lor*
(tier, of twenty-one lliousand livrea or 3 878.876 dol
lar*; and from ihe latter, of 23 million* of lines or
$4.07-1,073. The li st loan wa* in 1778, the last in
1783.
’J he first President of the old Cui.gri>s wis Peyton
Randolph, of Virginia, chosen Bepteinber oth, 1774.
The last was also* Virgmiao,Cyiu*Griffin, elected
J ,unary 22J, 1768.
The olJest of the signers of the L).-i kuaiion of InJe
j.ii. lence, was lleujmini Franklin, who was then se
venty. The toulige.l signer was Edward Rutledge,
erf South Carolina, who was hut twenty -seven. Thomas
l.ynch, Irom South Carolina, was also about 27 years
oid. The average age of the signers, leaving out three
win so ages are not known, is a fraction shoit o! 44,
showing that as a body, they were not so young as to l>e
impetuous, and carried aw ay 1 y the anient feelings of
youth ; nor yet so old as lo he oh tinatc and inert; hut
in that prime and vigorous manhood, when the Lal
uiice of the physical and mental powers is In.l sustain
ed, and when the nuinl is fully maluied hy experience,
and disciplined by study. Twenty one of ihe fifty-six
lived quarter of a century a ter the 4th of July, 1770.
Three of them survived lo a lull half century from that
dav. Four were upwards ot 90 year* old at t ! err
death. Button Gwinnt It, ol Georgia, was the first
olio died after the D-elaration, at the age of 45.
Charles Carroll was the la l of the illustrious baud,
and died in 1833, (we believe) aged 00.
The_/fr*f State Constitutions wore adopted bv the
following Colonies, b, f ire the Dcclaiaiiou of Inue
jn ndence:
-N’ew Hampshire, January sth, 1776.
South Carolina. M irch 21th 1776.
Vitginia, June 29th, 1776,
New Jersey, July 2d, 1776.
The remaindet of the --Old Thirteen,” adopted their
Constitutions as follow s :
Mary land, August 14'.h, 1776.
Pennsylvania, Septroiber, 1776.
Delaware, September, 1786.
Georgia, February 5, 1777,
New York, April, 1777.
Massachusetts, March, 1780.
Vermont, July 4th, 1786.
The Constitution of the United States was adopted
by the Convention, of which lieerge Washington w as
President, on the 17ih of September, 1757. It was
ratified by Congress, July i till, 1788, and went into
operalion on the first VV e Inesday of Marth, 1789. It
was adopted by the several Stale- in ihe f,(tuning or
der and time; the assi nt of nine Stales was required
before its adoption by Congress,
Delaware, December 7th, 1787, without amend
meets
Pennsylvania, Dec. P}th, 1887, without amend
ment*.
New Jersey,December 18th, 1787, without amend
ments.
Georgia, January 2d, 1768, without amendments.
Connecticut, January 9;h, 1788, without amend
ments.
.Mo.-sachasetts, February 7tb, 1788, amendments
recommended.
Maryland, April 28lh, 1788, without amendments.
South Carolina, May 23d, 1763, amendments recoin
mended.
Ne.v Hampshire, June 21st, 1788, amendments re
eom mended.
Virginia, June 27th, 1788, amendments recommen
ded.
New York, July 26th, 1768, amendments recom
mended,
North Carolina, November 21st, 1789, amendments
recommended.
Rhode Island, May 29th, 1790, amendments recom
mended,
V ermont. January 10th, 1791, without amendments.
First Settlement of the United States Below we
give a table, which many may consider worthy ol pre
servation for future reference, snowing at what time
and by whom the several Status wero originally set
tled.
Slates. Dates. Oldest lawns. By wham.
Florida, 1565 St. Augustine, Spanish,
Virginia, 1607 James,own, English.
New Yoik, 1614 Albany, Dutch.
Massachusetts, 1620 Ply moth, English
New Hampshire, 1624 Dover, do.
New Jersey, 1624 Cape Henlopen, Swedes.
Maine, 1630 York, English.
Connecticut, 1690 VV mdsor, do,
Maryland, 1633 St. Mery’s do,
Rhode Island, 1636 Providence, do.
North Carolina, 1650 Albemarle, do.
South Carolina, 1670 Pott Key.,l, do.
Michigan, 1670 Detroit, French.
Pennsylvania, 16-2 Philadelphia. English.
Illinois, 1683 Kuskaskia, French.
Arkansas, 1665 Arkansas Post, do. I
Indiana, 1699 Vincennes, do.
Louisiana, 1699 Dirvillc, do.
Alabama, 1602 Fort near Mobile, do.
Mississippi, 1716 Natchez. do.
Vennont, 1725 Fort Duinrncr, do.
Georgia, 1733 Savannah, do.
Tennessee, 1756 Fort lamdon, do.
Missouii, 1763 St. Genevieve, do.
Kentucky’, 1775 Boons!.oro’, D. Boon.
Ohio, 1780 Marietta, Eng's. N.E.
From the Buffalo Commercial Advertiser ,
A KURD OF BUFFALOES IN BUFFALO.
It is said that a Yankee’s ingenuity is adequate to
any emergency, and whether coaxing a consulship out
ut Congress, or catching coon.-, his brain ever teems |
with some huge plan, to circumnavigate the globe in
a mackerel smack, or convert suwduol mlu anti-dyspep- I
lie pills. Some such unique scheme must h.ve enter
ed into the head of the hunters huvmg possession of
the Buffalo herd now in tin* city. The history of
their takiug, as gathertd from the owner, is substan
tially as follows: In April, 1641, a -■ nutive ’ usid ng
60mewl‘.ere this side of sun down, in Missouri, gathered 1
together a company of seventeen men, twelve horses, j
four wajons, and fifty-five cows and calves, with an I
intent to traverse the immense plain near the base of
the Rocky Mountains, in search of young Buffaloes.
Af.er reaching the senes ol operations, the hunters
would select half a dozen ol t e fleetest horses and
and ish off. Arab like, to the plan. Espying a herd, *
they woalJ hold up, and cautiously approach the an- ;
finals, keeping well to the leewaul, as seamen say, to I
prevent the auiinuls from liking alarm, which they :
easily do when the hunter i*to windward Once near
enough, u rush is made among the held, and by means
of lassos, the Mexican mode of catching cattle with a ‘
rope, several of the creatures would be secured.—The j
hunters aimed at the calves, butts they missed them
hiiJ happened to caich a arlar, who was likely to provo i
n ugly customer, the rifle was brought into request
immediately, and the animal dispatched. Buell el the
young as were secured would be taken hack to the en
campment and domesticated hy killing a calf belong
ing to one of the cows which they look with them, on
their depaiture froru home, the cow* and hoi young ofi
sprmg at the same tune having been fastened to a
stall ■to prevent e-sape. In a week the young hull's In
would becorao io much attach and to -uiully, ’ that it
would he loosentd and suffered 6i run at large with I
the cow, and from that time the two ware inseparable. I
In thia tnnaner, after a period of four months, the j
whole were taken and domesticated.
When the hunters had seemed 67 young Buffaloes,
an antelope and an elk, the wholo returned again to |
their homo. Ihe location of their ofs-ration was on |
Ihe Arkansas, some si)o miles W. 8. VV. from Inde
dence. Mo., far beyond the present tvounds of civiliza
tion. The animals are now some fifteen inuiilns. old,
and arc paiticularly loud of oats or other grain, but eat
with avidity well cured hay or gras*. One of the cows
used m the hunting excuiaiou is still with the hard and
acta a* a kind of bell-wether, the one to go ahead, anti
is followed by the Bulfaioe* fn a drove from one point
to another, where the proprietors deem it brat to ex
hibit. 11l a few Week* they will reach New Yoik,
w here, tl uol disposed of, th< y will he shipped to Eu
rope.
NUTRUIVk; QUALITIES OF CHARCOAL. |
Though the importance of mixing charcoal with
the food r of animals, particularly that of swine, has
been generally in know bulged, end its benefits exten
sively teslcd, suit it lies been supposed that it only ac
ted as a corrective to the acid tendency of food, and
facilitat’ and fattening, by improving die health of the
annual. Some experiments are, however, on record,
which would si cm lo show that chaicual sets a mure
important part in the matter, than has usually been as
signed to it.
In 1793, a family being driven from New York by
Ihe lever, were absent six or eight weeks before it was
deemed prudent to return. A number of fowl* confined
in a loft in the work shop of the house were forgotten
at the time of leaving, unj it was known there was
nothing providi and fur their subsistence, it was expected
on the return they would be found starved lo death
To the astonishment of all, the fowls w ere found alive
and Ist. though there was nothing upon which they
could have fed, except a quantity of charcoal and sha
vings ; water being supplied from the grind-stone
trough.
Tlre-e facts coming to the know ledge of a gentleman
in New Yoik, as we learn flour the Recorder, he insti
tuted Ihe following ex|>erinient: lie placed a turkey
in a box or enclosure 4 feel feel long. 2 feet wide,and
3 pr 1 fi-et high, excluded light as much as euulJ be
done, and allow ed a free ciicula ion of air, and fad the
trukey on suit brick, broken fine, pounded > liarcoal, ai.d
sir grains of coin per day. The box was kept locked.
At the end of a mouth, the turkey was killed in the
presence of seveial gentlemen, was large and heavy,
audnn being opened was found filled with fat. Noth
ing on diasecti n, was found in the gizzard and entiails
but charcoal and brick. Last w inter the experiment
was repeated, and with the same success.
Several years since, in tilting out one of the Liver
pool traders at New York, a pig on boaid was missing,
und was supposed to h.rvo heen'lost. The cargo was
taken on board,-lowed, and the vessel sailed. It was
now discovered that the pig was alive in the coal-liolc,
but he could not be got at readily, it was concluded to
lea ehiin to Iris fa'.e, lie remainsj in this tetreat un
til the passage was made, when his pigship was found
to be not only alive arid well, but materially improved
in con Hum, though there was nothing, coal excepted,
he could have swallowed.
When it is remembered that wood, sugar, and seve
eral other substances, some of w hich are most nutri
tive, are compounded ol’ nearly the s.me original ele
ments, it would seem possible, by animal chemistry,
to convert them to the puipose of sustaining life ; tiro’
all experiments with wood or charcoal have failed. —
The Geimxn chemists have cosvetlcd wood into very
liulitablc bread, by roasting and pulverizing ; but calci
nation, it has been supposed, would dcslioy whatever
powers ol nutrition wood might originally contain.—
The chemical action of vegetables seems unable to pro
duce the least t iled on coal, and not the least pailtcle
of it has ever i ceil found in the structure of vegeta
bles, though mixed with the earth and water in which
plants were growing, in the form of the most impalpa
ble powder. Whether animal chemistry is able to do
what vegetable organization cannot, remains to ho seen ;
though if there is no mistake in the statements alluded
to, it would seem probable that this inti actable sub
stance, is, in some way, made subservient to the nu
trition of animals. —Genessee Farmer.
The following we take from the New Orleans Jef
fersonian. 1 1 is good .-
A Temperance Anecdote. —The Washingtons are
driving a noble business among the old soakets of this
j city. On Thurday evening the church in Peydras
street was literally crammed, and inanny a Lurid di ink
er we have no doubt was taken nut of the gutter,
Among a great many pleasant anecdotes related by the
speakers was one of defining the unpk asunt position
of a certain Deacon who wanted o he temperate wtth
oul signing the pledge. He had been importuned to thut
effect until he became so outraged that he arose, and
before the tcin-perame society, delivered a speech in fa
vor of moderate drinking. —lie was allowed to pro
ceed, and at its termination he seized his hat and
walked Jown the aisle wiih great dignity. There was
present an old hqicr, who, at the moment, was about as
lull a* he could well he, and bi ing mightily tickled at
the Deacon’s speech, he staggered front his seat and
clappii g the deacon on the shouldrr exclaioivj, •• I
sav—hie—Deacon, them's iny sentiments'. I’ll stand
by you—hie—old feller in them ’ere doctrines! So
let’s—hie- -so let's go out and liquor /”—The Dca
; con finding his • moderate drinking’ doctrine* placed
I him in such a disgraceful fellowship, went back and
j signed the pledge !
Natural Curiosity.'—The Tunnel and Cavern
Lake ! —This beautiful little lake is in Kindeihood
county, in this state, and about 25 miles distant Irom
Warsaw, which we had the pleasure of visiting a few
weeks since. It is situated upon a high dividing lidge,
at the entrance of the lake is similar in shape to the
upper part of the tunnel —the circumference of which,
i at the mouth, is about 150 feet, and about 10 at the
| bottom. After descending 30 or 40 feel from the nat-
I ural w inding stairs, we came to the mouth of the cav
ern leading to ihe lake, which is the eliptrc circle.—
We now entered the silent cavern, and had another
descent to make of some 40 or 50 steps before wo
stood at the brink of the waleis of the lake. The
surface of this sin et of water Contains about 2000
square feit, and tire cavern has Some appearance of
being the work o! ait—but its high and valued ‘Cham
bers, and its stupendous and magnificent ceilings as of
the'impenetrable adament, proveto man that man
knows but lit tic of tlie bowels of the earth. The Cav
ern Lake would be a rich and pleafunl treat to the
touiist or geologist, and should be visited by all the
lovers of Natu c.— Oi age (.Vo.) Valley.
Remarkable Magnet e hocks. —The following in
teresting facts are detailed by the Vicksburg Whig.
-‘Near Ihe iron mountain in Missouri there is a
ledge of alone extending for half a mile in length, and
si veral hundred yards in width. This stone is very
strongly impregnated with magnetic propcriieß, so
stiougly so, indeed, that it is impossible to ride a well
shod horse over it. A gentleman having his horse
newly shod, once attempted it, hut before he had made
two revolutions his horse • was biought up standing'—
perfectly still. In vain our traveller urged his gallant
sleeJ forward. Persuasions and foice proved equally ,
lutile, unt.l his patience become exhausted, and be sent I
foi a blacksmith. The son of Vulcan soon arrived,)
and found the horse stand ng stock still, and to all -jp- |
pearances.as immoveable as the rock of Gibraltar. Va
rious expedients were resulted to, lo relieve the horse, j
but all failed. There he stood, and to all appearances
there he was likely to stand, wilh his feet literally glued
to the solid and impervious rock. At last, the black- :
smith’s eye glistened ;he had it sure, lie sent off to
his smithy for his shoeing tools, which were soon forth
coming, when he proceeded with all possible despatch
to uncltiicb the mils which bound the horse’s shoes to
his huffs. One by one the nails were oucliiiched ; the
whip was applied to Ihe horse; und as the last nail gave
way, he escaped with a bound, but left his s.ioea wed
ded tu the rock.”
A Bloody Character. —A mar> named Henry San- ’
son, who died in Fails not long since at the age of 87,
has filled the office of executioner under the French
government since he wa about 20 years of age, and it
is supposed that he has taken more lives limn any other
executioner that ever lived. Hav.ng never been him
self a politician, be managed the guillotine for both
parties during the period when that fearful engine was
m such constant requisition by successful partisans.
In those times he struck off I ora thiily to foity heads
a day. It was a matter of indifference to him whether
his victims were Kings and Queens or rugged demo
crats, or whether there were more or less in number,
be being, as he und rstooil it, the servant of the law,
and I ound to obey, asking no questions. He struck
off the heads of Louis XVlth, Maria Antoinette, Dan
ton, Robcspiere, <fcc. &.C., and latterly of Ficscba Ali
bi and, and other cqpspirators against the lile of Louis
Phillippc. Truly, Benson has been a man of blood.
What Ins death lad reflections were is not Matt and Prob
ably such t being was never troubled with reflections.
—Norwich Courier.
A Lesson for Scolding Wires. —“And I dara say
you have scolded your wile very often, Newman,”
s*id I once. Old Newman looked down, and the
wite took up the i'ply. •• Nevfci to signify—and il
he lias, I deserved il.” •• I d*re say if the truth were
told ; you have scolded him quite as often.” “ Nay,”
aid,the old woman, with besutv of kindness which
.Wen all the poetry in the world cunnot excel.
1“ k" w wife scold her good men, vvhj has been
working lot her and her intle ones all day ! It may
he for a tnan to be peevish, for il is he that bear* the
crosses of the world, hut who should make forget them
but his own wife- 1 And sho had lest, fur her own
sake—for nobody can scold much when the scolding
is all one eiite.”— Bud suer's Student.
DOMESTIC.
From the Savannah Republican.
THE COMPROMISE TARIFF,
The Collector of this port has politely furnished us
with the following copy of the regulation of the Trea
sury Department, relative to the collection of uuties on
imports under the 20 percent atl valorem tariff W'e
publish it tor the information of all concerned :
Tiieasuui Dupautment, 9
Comptroller’s Office, \si July 1812. $
Sir: —The hill passed by Congress on the 25th day ;
of June, 1812, to regulate and fix the rates of duties
on imports Irom the end of said month unt l the Ist day
of August, Not having become a law, by reason of the
President Inning returned the same to the House of
Representatives, with his objections thereto, you will
proceed to levy andcolkct duties, in ready money, on
all goods, wares, and merchandise imported into your
District, after the 26th clay i. June, 1842, atihe rate
of twenty |ier cent on the value thereof at the purl of
entry, except those articles which arc enumerated in
the fifth section of the ait of Congress, of the 2d day
of March, 1833, and in the first section of the act of
tho 11 tli day of September, 1841, or in either of said
sections, as being thereby made free; and excepting,
also, muriatic acid, sulphuric acid, nnd the other arti
cles expos ly mentioned und provided f.n in and by
said act of tho 11th September, 1841, to lie admitted
on the payment of the rates of duly imposed on them
respectively under the existing laws; but those rates,
except such as were specific, must lie levied, however,
on the value of the article at the port ol entry, anti this
value is lo be determined by the appraiser* in all casts
with just reference to the quantities and manual in
which articles are respectively sold l>v importers, and
to the prices which they obtained for them at ca h
talcs in the fair and regular course of trade at the port
of duty. The suin of the duty to be paid at the rate of
twenty per cent on the value of any article at the port
of entry,, will, in each case, he the one-sixth part ol the
price ascertained as aforesaid at which importers sell
said article ; und the officers or persons appraising any
article having ascertained the price at which it is so
sold, or will sell, should report the value of such arti
cle at a rate or sum, which, with twenty per cent ad
ded thereto, will amount to said price; for instance :
if a bale of cloth was under their examination, and
they found it would sell in manner aforesaid, at the
price of six dollars per yard, the appraisers should re
port the value thereof, at said |ioit, to ho five dollars
yer yard—because this rate, wiih twenty |ier cent ad
ded, would produce six ‘dollars, the ascertained market
value of said cloth.
With great respect, your ob’t. rv’t.,
JAMBa xv. McGULLOCH, Compt.
To Jamls llusrti, Esq., Collector of the port of
Savannah.
The Custom House. — We are told that the trouble
experienced at the Custom House yesterday, was inex
pressibly great, and it is believed that tin business can
not he carried on ill the present state of legislation.
The Collector, it is stated, has received instructions
from Washington lo levy a duly of twenty per cent,
home valuation, payable in cash, without credit, upon
! all articles not specified in the list of free goods. But
there is no meansjof testing the valuation. Gin, that
| may be considered to be worth a dollar a gallon here,
though, we suppose, it would cost in Holland, not more
; than forty or forty-live cents a gallon, might, in some
I places of excessive temperance, be valued at twenty
j cents. Take, for example, the port of Plymouth, Mass.,
the shire town of a county in which there is not a
place lor retailing liquor, and where, perhaps, a gallon
;ol gin is not drunk in a year. Would gin be consid
ered worth as much us in some places where the de
mand has not ceased 1 —Phil. Gaz.
THE CRIBIs HAS GOME.
Baltimore, Wednesday—B A. M.
The Veto Mkssaoe of the President has thrown
the whole city into a storm. If you were to rake the
city now you could not find ten men in it who voted
for Mr. Tyler, who docs not now denounce him—The
Locos of course “ love the treason but despiso the
traitor.”— Cur. Cour. ,y Enq.
Thisextiaordinury document, of which our Wash
ington correspondence gave us notice yesterday, will
be found in another column, und the public feeling
which it mus. excite is only indicated by the Balti
more letter above quoted. The country is now indeed
in a- crisis” its treasury bankrupt, iis government with
out resources, and its trade without protection. The
grounds of tho veto, too, are as unsubstantial as
its effects must prove disastrous. The bill which is
thus rejected, was a mere temporary measure to pro
vide for air exigency arising out of the expiration of
the Revenue laws which expire today, and the Presi
dent does not even pretend that it docs violence to his
constitutional scruples.
We are now thrown back upon the Compromise
Act. which reduces all duties to 20 per cent, on tho
home value, payable in cash ! —which “ important
change in the rate ofdulies, the basis of valuation ami
the time if payment, goes into effect that day.” Cer
tain articles not produced in thia country, such a* tea,
coffee, See. are excepted and are now free of duty. A
Phila commercial house slated yesterday that on a car
go of Holland Gin and Brandy that has ju.-t arrived,
it w ill make a difference oi some 10 to $12,000 in
their fuvor as they will not make their entries until
toil ay.
But can any Julies whatever be collected under the
existing laws ! The President, it is understood has
ordered Circulars to he sent lo tho vari us Custom
Houses wiih insltuctions, but the Compromise Act
provides that the regulations for the homo valuation,
required by that law, shall be be made by Law , and not
bv the Executive. The Now York Collector it is sta
ted this morning, has determined io close the Custom
House, or not to receive any entries of merchandize
imported after June 30lh, until after Tuesday, unless
instructions should he received before that day, from
the Treasury Department. Tbc power of tho Execu
tive over the subject is, however, seriously questioned.
Truly, a crisis has come.— Newark Sentinel,
From the Baltimore American.
ULTRA DEMOCRACY—ITS D \NGER3.
One of the most impressive portions of Mr. Clay's re
cent speech is lh„t in which he refers to certain ten
dencies exhibited by the party calling itself democratic.
All who have read the speech will ri collect the brief l
recapitulation thut is made of certain incidents auj
facts occurring within the last years, all of which
show a disregard of law and a contempt of constituted
authority too palpable to be disguiseJ or concealed.—
The manner in which Ferrilories have been allowed to
come into the Union without any previous action of
Congress lo authorise the necossary, prelimir.aty steps
—the whole proceeding taking the aspect of a tumul- ‘
tuous movement; the act of the majority in Congress
ill setting aride the great seal of New Jersey ; the prac
tice of nullification by which one State undertakes to
abrogate within its limits a law passed by the twenty
*ix Mutes in Congress sisemUed; the levolutionaty at
tempt in Maryland some time ago to subvert the el
uting government und set up anew one without any
authority of law; the refusal of a portion af the Ten
ne-sce Legislature to execute a positive injunction of
the Constitution to elect two U 8. Senators by which
it huppens that Tennessee is now without any repre
sentation in the Senate of the United States ; the fatal
doctrine of repudiation as practised in Mississippi and 1
Michigan; the passage of the expunging resolutions;
tho refusal of certain Stales lo pass laws to tarty into
effect the Act of Distribution regularly passed by Con
gress ; and lastly the disorganizing spirit recently man-’
ifested in the Btate of Rhode Island.
Any oue of these instances would he enough to cause
alarm if taken as an indication of the spirit and princi
ples ol one oil he great parties of the eouutry.—But
when they are viewed together us a series—as a succes
sion of events—as the spontaneous and natural ema
nation* of doatime* recognized as the creed of political
faith by u powerful party lately in pn*,es*ion of the go
vernment, and vigorously striving after the ascendancy
again—is it not a matter worthy of the most lively ap
prehensions as to the fitleofoui free institutions ! The
suljt cl addresses itself with pat tic ular force to tho*o
men of intelligence anJ of well meaning intentions
who belong to the party from which such action* buve
directly or indirectly proceeded, und whose sympathies
of association have indutrd them to he e from their
own minds the real nature and tcndmclcs of datings
which they would not themsclvrw instigate or |>mtiny
pate in personally, yet which they will not decideJl
condemn.
It ia one of tho merest truisms —an elementary rudi
ment in political knowledge— an axiom which u tyro
in history learns with his first lessons—that Liberty
unguarded by law is but another name for license ami
every intelligent man ought to know that when in a
government so free as ouis any persons set themselves
to talking in an inflammatory way übout moro liberty,
ami complain of the oppression ol existing institutions,
with intimations of change without regard to prescribed
foima, such persons are enemies to freedom, dema
gogues, and utterly unworthy of trust.
Correspondence of the llaltinmre American.
VVabwi.sutos, July 5.
Reasons of President Tyler for not approving the
Approporliomuent Bill. The following is a coyy of
THE EXPOSITION.
“In approving this Bill, I feel it duo to myself to
sav. as well that my motives for signing it may be nglit
tcl I ly understood, as that my opinions may not be lia
ble to be mtseonsiiued, 01 quoted hereafter erroneously,
as a precedent, that I have not proceeded so much upon
a clear mid decided opinion if my own, respecting the
constitutionality or policy ot the ent.te fact, as from
respect to the declared will,of the two Houses of Con
gress.
•• In yielding my doubts to the matured opinion of
Congress, I have followed the advice of the first Sec
retary of State to the first Pie-idcnt of the United
Slates, and the example set by that illustrious citizen,
upon a memorable occasion.
“ When I was a member of either House of Con
gress, I acted under the conviction that to doubt the
constitutionality of a law, was sufficient to induce me
to give my vote against il; but I have not been able
to bring myself to believe that a doubtful opinion of the
Chief Magistrate ought to outweigh the solemnly pro
nour.ctd will of the Representatives of the people and
the States.
“ One of the prominent features of the Bill is that
which jiurpoits to he uiandaloiy on the Slates to form
districts for the choice of Kepiesentalives to Congress
in single districts. That Congress lias power by law
to alter State regulations, respecting the manner of
holding elections for representatives is clear; but its
power to command the Stales to make new regulations,
is the question upon which'l ha-e felt many and strong
doubts. I have yielded those doubts, however, to the
opinion of die I egislutuie, giving effect to their en
actment us far as depends upon my a| piohation, and
leaving questions that may aiiae hereafter if unhap
pily any such should arise, to be se tied by full con
sideration of the several provisions of the lonstitution
and the laws, and the authority of each House to judge
of the elections, returns and quahfications-of its own
members,
Similar considerations have operated with me in re
gard lo the representation of fractions above a moiety
I of the representative number, and where said moiety
exceeds thirty thousand ; a question on which a diver
sity of opinion has existed from the foundation of the
Government. The provision recommends itself from
its nearer approximation to equality than would be
found in the application of a common ami simple di
vision to the entire population of each State, and cor
rects, in a great degree, those inequalities whirl) arc
destined at the return of each succeeding census,so
greatly to augment.
! “In approving the Bill, f flatter myself that a dispn
lion will lie perceived on my part, to concede to the
opinions of Congress in a matter which may conduce
to the goodjof the country, and the stability of its in
stitutions upon which my opinion is not clear and de-
I cided. But it seemed to me due to the respectability
of opinion against the constitutionality of the Bill, us
well as to the real difficulties of the subject, which no
1 one feels more sensibly than I do, that the reasons
which have determined me should be left on record.
JOHN TYLER.
Washington, June 25 h, 1842.
THE WHEAT CROP.
The prevalence of wet, damp, warm weather during
the past week, there is hut too good reason to apprehend
has operated very injuriously on the wheat crop. W hut
the extent of damages will be, cannot yet be known,
, but it is feared that it may malerially diminish, in this
section of the Union at least, the ,vrry laige yield of
which there W3s previously so happy a promise.—
Other portions of the country. It is prot able, have not
bun visited with the unfavorable weather which has
i been experienced in this quarter, and therefore, al
though the expected abundance may he diminished
i here, it is likely to bo fully realized elsewheie. Al
i leaoy.in anticipation of an extraordinary yield, specu
lation is beginning to busy itself as to what shall be
done with the large surplus which will lie left after our
domestic consumption is supplied and the exportations
I t‘> foreign countries are made. Thus, the Troy Whig
says—
‘•From present appearances the wheat crop of 1842
will he the largest ever harvested in America. Michi
gan, it is said, will have a surplus of 3,000,000 bush
els, Ohio will exceed her production of last year, and
so also will Indian i, Illinois, Wisconsin, lowa, .Vli6.
sourj and other Western Stales. Even Arkansas has
been added lo the wheat-growing States this year, and
has already secured quite a large cri p. So also his
Alabama and Northern Mississippi, In Virginij. Ma
ryland and Pennsylvania theie will be from all accounts
more than an average crop, and in New York thus far,
our wheat growers have no reason to complain. The
most authentic data w e have seen, rslimate the surplus
wheat crop of the United States the present year at
39,060,000 bushel*, or 6,000,000 barrels of flour.—
Phis being the case, the important question arises,
where shall we finJ a market for ill
“Great Britain and her colonies in North America
may take directly and indirectly 5,000,000 bushels,
South America and the West Indies 3,0b0,000, and the
rest of the wotldjas much more. This will leave on
our hands 19,000,000 bushels without a purchaser; I
and ir. case the crop in Great Britain should be a good
one, several millions in addition. So a surplus
will of course render wheat a drug in tile market, and ‘
consequently cause a great fall in its value. This fall !
will of course embarrass the farmers, and through them
the couimeicial, manufacturing, and laboring classes 1
generally.
The remedy proposed is thus staled ;
“With an adequate and peimanent protective tui iff
no such emharrassin nts us those now apprehended !
need occur. Many thousand persons would then be!
employed in manufactures, and in other pursuits other
than agricultural, in addition to those now so employed;
who would be able to consume our surplus wheut crop,
and pay lhr it in those commodities which c now re
ceive trom abroad. Commerce,—and especially inter
nal commerce, the most p.cfltuhle of all, because the
safest,—and manufactures would flourish ; and agri
culture also by a reason of the home market, steadily
increasing, which the two former interests would build
up. The farmer of the interior could then pay his
debts due to tbe merchant and manufacturer of the sea
board in the produce of his soil; because wheat would
always he in demand. At present, as wo all know,
he cun do this only in a limited degree, since wheat
can seldom he remitted to Europe lo meet there the pay
ments of our merchants for the foreign manufactures
consumed by the people of this coi.itry. We admit
these manufactures into our 410ns, in many rases freo,
and the rnost’part subject lo light duties; while Eu
rope imposts upon our wheat restrictions so high, as
genet a! iy to amount to a prohibition.
We have slid nothing thus far of the low price of
labor in Europe; anolhr r cause which renders it al- ;
most impossible that our wheut should ever seriously 1
compote with lien, in her own markets, even allo wing
that it wore ad mi laid with low duties. When this ad
ditional fact is considered, is il not strange that any of
our people can believe that this country can prosper
without an adequate protective tariff! For our own
pail we believe it to ho iMrossiuLx. — Bull. Am.
Protestant Episcopul Church. —The Episcopal
Church in this country is prosperous in the highest
degree. There are now 20 Bishops, 1,200 clergymen
1,000 churches, and over 600,000 members. It is a
singular fact, that the tirct Episcopul minister ordain
ed in this country still survives.—He was in New
York the other day, and, according to the Journal of
Commerce, is ninety-one yeais ol age.
A Modern Hercules. —Mona. Paul, now performing
at the Aich Street theatre, Philadelphia, exhibits most
astonishing feats of strength’ The Spirit of thu Times
says:
” among his exploit*, he placed hi* body in a port
lion so as to form a carriage for a cannon of 800 lbs.,
the weight o| which he au,lamed with peile,t eare.
He then formed a platform, on which were placed
1800 lbs. lie fastened next a bandage around bis
loins and acmss his back and shoulders, and then two
horsis were harnesaed to him while he- stretched him
self flat on his stomach on a platform, and they were
unable to move him ftoirt his position. On the contra
ry ho inove'd along on his belly and dragged the two
horses alter I Then two horses were attached to a rope
ot thirty six strands but their strength covlj not break
it. The same rope was broke with perfacl case by this
modern Hercules, Ho also picked up two stout men
Jau swung them around until they became dizzy and
reel-rd us drunken men, when he put them down I”
The Washington (Ga.) News Says:—“ Most of ollr
readers may recollect that at the last session of the
Legislature, a law was pbssod prohibiting the Direc
tors of the Central Bank fioni making farther loans,
until its bills should bout par with the hills of the
specie paying hanks of ibis State. Those who toe
but paitiully acquainted with the manner in which this
Bank is managed, or wlm are unwilling to believe the
charges made against ilhy the Whig papers, will be
surprised to learn that the salutary law of the last
legislature lias been inot foul ly violated by the Di
rectors. In contempt of the will of the people,'as ex
pressed by Iheir representatives, loans have been made
,and it is our belief, that the officers of the Central
Bank have paid no more attention to the law than if
they weio ignorant of its existence,
“ It may be true that every application fir a loan
may not have been successful, for the hank has its fa
vorites, and giants such fsvois only to them.— But
though in most instunci s applicants may have been re
fused, yet in many cases have loads been granted,
when all the world knew that il.e event, w ithout w hich
such loans could not In* legal, had not happened—that
its hills were not at par with tin* bills of specie paying
banks, and were not soon like ly to be.
“ We make a distinct and unequivocal charge of vio
lation of thu low against the Central Bank and ils Di
rectors, and we dare its advocates or its parasite, thi
FcJeral Union tod,ny it.”
MURDER AT RAH WAV.
An Englishman named James Low, was brought to
the county jail in this city on Friday, charg'd vvnh
the murder of Isaac Wiuans, a bachelor of übout 45
years of of age, who resided entirely alone, about one
mile from Rahway. The murder is behoved to have
her i) committed on the previous evening at about six
o’clock, as at that time the discharge of a gun was dis
tinctly heaid by the neighbois.
The circumstances which led to the suspicion ot
nuuder are as follows. Yesterday morning Low went
to the House of Mr. Howth, in the neighborhood, and
asked him to milk Mr. Win ins’ cows, as Mr. W. hud
gone away. Mr. H. complied, and on the wav, al
Low’s rrquest, stopped for Mr. Leech, who wtnl wi h
them ; while there Low told them they would never
see Winans again ; that he had bought the place of
him lor £4500, and given him his cheek for the uniouul
and that Winaus had gone to New Yoikto git it
Cashed ; that he did not intend coming buck, hut was
going west. This improbable story gained no credit,
and naturally excited suspicions. After they had par
ted, Mr. Leech examined the place and found blood in
n cornfield, and, tracing it fur several bundled yards,
discovered the body budr and about 4 inches deep, with
the feet partly uncoveied.
The dteJ is supposed to have be n coinniitte ! w ith
a double barreled gun, belonging to Mr. Leech—that
the first shot t >ok rffert 10 Lite l-aek near his should, r,
and that he ran dose to him arid discharged the other
barrel in the centre of bis forehead, for the wound
was only about die size of a dollar, and the gun was
loaded with shot. Low confessed on the examina
tion that he had used ihe gun to shoot woodcock.
A warrant was issuid for his apprehension aid lie
was found under a bed in Leech’s house, and examin
ed hi fore Justice Silvers, who sent him to jail. A
Coroner’s Inquest was called, and rendered a verdict
of wilful murder against James Low.
The piisoner is about 23 years of age, and is a na
tive of Lancaster England. It is said that his father
keeps the Robin Hood House, N. Y’ork, and is in easy
ciri umstanees. — Xewark Sentinel.
The following allusion by Bu ke, in his great speech
on Amciicaii taxation, to the admmistiution ul Lon!
Chatham, may he regarded us a faithful picture of the
pre ent cabinet of his accidency. Let us not however
be suspected for a moment of attempting to institute
a comparison between Loud Chatham and joint
tyler .’
“ He made an admiuistration so checkered and
speckled ; he pot together a piece of machinery so
ciost-ly intended and whimsically dove tailed ; a cabi
net so variously inlaid , such a diversified mosaic;
such tassel.,ted pavement without cement; here a bit
of black stone, and there a hit of wh te; patriots and
Courtiers; king, friends and republicans; whips and
tories, iituehcious friends and open enemies, that it
was 11,dud a very curious show, but utterly ui.sale to i
touch and unsure to stand on. Tile colleagues whom
he assorted at the same buaids stared at each other and
were obliged to ask, *• Sir, your mime ?—you have the
advantage of urc, Mi iSuch a-one— I lag a thousand pur-1
doni.” I venture to say, it did so happen, that persons
ha 1 office divided between them, who hud never spoke
to each other in their lives, until they found then selves
they knew not how, pigging together, heads and pom s
in the same truckle-bed.” H.
The pieceding, from an Unknowh source, is exceed
ingly apt and well applied. Indeed it merits mure ex
plicit illustration. Let us see: Mi, Tyler, himself,
the gicat head of this pie-bald administration, was by
turns a Jackson politician, half a nullilier, an inveter*
ate slates- ight man, a thorough going Clay Whig,
and is now a Tyletite per se —Daniel Webster, Sec
retary of (State, has alway s been anti-Jackson, anti
nullillcation, anti-ultra Stale Rights,and a prodigious
advocate of a national Bank. Abel I*. Upshur, Sec
retuiy of the Navy, was a nullitier even to disunion,
nd is a transcendal . tickler for State Lights, of the
first water, John P. Spencer, Secretary of War, has
heen an eminent opponent ol Jacksonism and an old
fashioned v\ big of the stamp of Clay and Southard.
Waiter Forward. Socrolary of the Treasury, was a
strong Harrison man and an ultra tariff advocate.
Hugh 8. Legare. Attorney General, was the most stren
uous and able opponent of nullification; first a warm
admirer of Jackson, then a conservative, and then a
Harrison Whig. In lull cabinet couneil this union of
opposite*, this political antipathies n,ust
be amusing enough- Fancy Mr. Webster and Mr. Up
shur mingling their antipodean notions on the Me-j
Lend case on tho question of finance. Imagine the i
Rhode Island question exciting Ihe consol.dution of
one ride rind the slate rights prejudices of the other.
Abel P. Upshur, the very prosopptia of nullification,
silting in harmonious conjunction with Hugh S. Le
gere. the direct foe of the heresy, and Daniel W< lister,
who fought and overcome on the floor ofllie Senate
Chamber, its stalwart and . approved champion. Poli
tics, like misery, makes strange bcd-lcllows.— N. 0.
Bee.
GEORGIA CURRENCY.
We trust that the indications we we in our neigh
bor Stale of the enforcement of a sound currency are
not of temporary meaning, Considerable p irtion of
the Georgia banks uie able lo sustain their currency al
the specie standard, and it is at the sacrifice of the great
interests of the people, that the trash of tho lotteu
hanks is allowed to keep its place, at once a disease
and a marls of ilisgr.ifc to the State. The Millcelgc
ville Journal of Tuesday has something in point.—
Chas. Mercury.
We copy the following from tho Macon Messenger,
for the information of our readels:—
Central Rules of the Flint Circuit.
Sheriff in this Circuit will take notice, that a ter they
arc notified of this mle, they will make collections in
depreciated Bank Bills on their own responsibility,
and at their own perrl.
2. Leave ol absence will not be granted to counsel,
nor shall any case be continued on account of llu-ir ab
sence.
EDWARD 1). TRACY,
Judge Superior Court Flint County.
In Chambers, June 21, IBP2.
The course of Judge Tracy is that, we believe, of
every Judge now upon tho Bench, in Georgia. Tho
people fiorn it, will see the necessity of having a good
currency. They cannot do it without it, and tho
sooner thry adopt such means as w ill give it lo then),
Ihe latter. Tho Messenger uigrs tho planters to re
ceive nothing but specie p,ijing ( bdU fui their next crop
of cotton.
— - - - - 1 - *a ..it
coMuexicATxn.
C tlttbrali nos the 4/4 Jultj at Re,l ip ( .j.
Academy, Monroe Counli/.
A large number of the citizens ol Morn,,.. ..
sen,l,led a. this place on ,he 4,1, fer .ho Zw “
“fh ebr n W F ,h 0 UM,lil '? r> r r - v American [„,hL ul
Ills Declaration 01 Independence wasread lv a i’
> 1 KEi.it, and an oration vui* delivered bv Dr t • J .
sukuk—prayer by Win. Thsinpson. ’At tl, . i ’ , “
Aacliarmli Harman, Ke,p need us President, ,J j‘n’
V l-res;,lent, The follow"-- J ’ “■
meats given uu the occasion. 0 **''U
KEGULAK TOASTS.
t. The Day u>e celebrate—Mny the glorious „
pies of the declaration of the Itli of July, 1776 ij? ." 1 ' 1 ’
tended lor by every free American, until tiino’|,;,n G |' 1 ’
no more. onu o uu
2. Washington and Jefferson- Though dead * .
may their deed* of greulnest* shine bright be lorn * V °!
may our beloved country never be warning f or
In tune of need. 5 uc n men
3. TAe suit ivies’ Heroes of the Revolution— R,„ r
in number, muy the blessings of Heaven tuiend iV,, ■
their lew reinuiniiig days, mid may they received" 1
ward of (lie righteous in I lie world In come. 10 rc ‘
I. The American Engle —Sick with pan, joy,
anil sei I ion a I Jealousies, may Ihn Uud of pi. “' rlcea
alone lie employed in restoring her lo health ’ klllani *
5. Georgia—O lie of the old ‘.liirleen defeudei. „r i ,
erty, may the industry and economy of her citizen.
TWSZ* themselves from their presem
*od;^^:,fc^^^ AraeriC ”" E ““ e -verbe
7. Texas —A using star of the West, success ml
arms in establishing true iepubllminia u tlirou .h a
dominions of Mexico. ° 111110
8. American born— Who'S aslinmed to own it?
9. The enthusiasm with which the return of iid. i
” “ Pl ’ de ” r■ “'‘•."'l'i'it of’76 ,s not cxiitf
JO. I he memory of W aslnngton.
It. The ( onstitution of die State and u r the i
States —The tint- source ol our liberties. ,tal
12. Alny the sun ofllie twentieth century dawn tin,,,
us ns vee now are—a tree and happy people. 1 “
13. TAe /.adies oj Monroe County— Mho our
and daughters lie celebrated for domestic industry an i
economy. 1
VOLUNTEER TOASTS.
Ry Janus It. Turner, Esq. of Putnam Covntu. ‘pi,
citizens ol Monroe county—noble, generous ana Im ■
table; may they long live to enjoy peace, hanpiam-, J
|M#B|)nty. 11
/>y Seabor/t R. June*. Tin? Orator of ilih (| ; , v •
integrity i* u* towering ns the occasion which In * V
oil ‘UK together, Hint ma> lus (ttouerit\ bo us d’,..
it is good. ‘ ua
y/y D . IV Tap for. An Aiufcrican freeman-1; u,n
rill your tin titling* how to pptll it,
fly John liou c.
.So loqg US tho sun his circle shall run,
!So long os the rivers shall continue in roll
May peace, health and virtitu continue to How
Throughout the collide of Monroe.
lly /.. Ilar.nnn , Sr. Tlie farmers of Monroe county
—II pall ol the hone and smew of our countrv • may il, .
blessings ul Providence rest upon tlieii labors, and nmv
ihe pinches ol cl.l hard times ha lieuled bv u bountiful
crop and plenty ol hard money lo pav all iheir debts
liy Rolen Redding. George Washington—ihe hern
and stale small, first in war, first in peace, and second m
non*? other.
lly C. S. Lesut Hr, (ihe orator of ihe dsy.) Mav party
spirit be sacrificed on ihe (dim ol our country's gon'i ‘
Hy IT. IT. Taylor. The givers of Ihis dinner—uiav
every stalk of cotton they have pluuted make u Lug and
their stalks t f corn have an ear ut eaeli lilude and I
bushel oil the lop.
By John It. Sturgis. The due and the occasion—u
duy which fills every soul will, patriotic emotim; nmr
the mind of every American freeman Imlil open dvvnii
unflinching confidence, and rev erence it us ihe dm that
gave them a glorious and national existence.
lly J. 11. Greene. The Revolutionary Soldi, rr—i
may iheir last days he as happy as Iheir “former Vcre
successful.
lly tl m M. Pledget, To those who fought and blej
for Ihe privileges we now enjoy; may the heart which
ceases to venerate them, also cease to heut in a land u
freedom.
Ry IV’. W. Taylor. The United States—the great,
cst ciiuin that was ever (urged ; may il always l>e struts
enough to pull John Boll’s wiigon.
Ry A. I). Steele. The old tv rant w l name is
Hurd Times j limy industry soon Kill, nnd economy bun
trim.
Ry James Norris, (iun. Washington; although lie
has yielded to the law of nnture, umi nis remains lie un
der the cooling shinies of Mount Vernon, may his Dame
as a general, nis talents as a statesman, and his virtue
us a Christian ever be cherished by the American people,
Ry It. C\ Tiller. The Declaration of Independence ;
the history of the world can not furnish an instance cl
fortitude and heroic tnngnaniinilv parallel to thnidisplnv.
Ry Joseph liranlly. May old faahionod haufsty be
carried out in all the art* of our representatives in future
—and llie legislator# legislate, instead of nuking laws
to speculate.
Ry W IT. Taylor. The cannon that is to be fired
to day on the Bunker Hill Monument; mnv all nations
hear its roar, and its echo tt’ll that we me free.
By Z. K. Harman. < >ur neighbor .nd friend,Turner
Hunt, Sr.—the only relic with us, of days that tried
men’s souls; though too afflicted to travel, was borne
on his couch to w itness one more anniversary of his
country’s glory, his spirit of patriotism should animate
us—may bis lust days be n j bright us the cause for \thith
lie fought.
ORATION.
/•’/ ‘end* and F e//ou- Citizrne.
1 appear before you tr-daV, with feelings a (together
conflicting in their nature, whilst I feel myself highly
honored by the manifestation of confidence and hitol
J feelings, that has prompted this community, to select
I me as their speaker on this important occasion,
i Being altogether unaccustomed to public speaking,
j I undertake the discharge ot the duty incumbent in
me, with milch anxiety and disbud; anxiety, lest Jour
rea ouuhle t xpcctations he dis ppointed, and distiu.-t of
ability on my part, in doing that justice, the subject
■netits, however ample the time and op, orlunity that
might have been afforded, much less in the vt ry limited
period allotted, a part of which has necessoily been
devoted to professional duties. It cannot he expected
in the circumscribed limits of an oration, for me to do
more than briefly advert to the leading features of mV
subject, neither do I flatter myself, even with the bt>|e
, of being able to adduce any thing, claiming for itself
originality nr inter*St,above what has already bren of
fered, as the subject Iras Ireen so repeatedly the theme
■ of declamation, no grounds have been li ft uuuceupieJ.
1 All that rema ns to he accomplished is, the rcitrit
! tion of the g.nue facts, the confirmation of the same
fundamental principles.
! Why this demonstration of feeling, that pe.v.ides thb
entire community, as manifested without regatJ l”
tank or station, in the assemblage of this concourse ol
people; witness the enthusiasm that characterises lire
movements ol the people on this glad day, throughout
the length and breadth of our happy country ?
Is ii tl e commemorative erf the advent ol some lire
trirrus personage, that shall w ield the destinies of oa
tion by his fiat, who Ike an Alexander or a Uouna
parte, cuuseJ thrones to trembie at (heir nod. and em
pires to vani-h like* meteor at their bidding I
No, there is connected with the history of this day a
acts, a principle more exalted in its nature and glorious
in its results, than the achievement of mdiv.dualenter
prise.
The acts of litis day gave birth to a nation's fret dorm
the establishment of tho rights of man. Yes, my
friends, the fathers of our political Israel, on the ever
rn* niotable fourth of July, seventeen hundred and se
venty-six, proclaimed an unending jubilee loathe tal-‘
hound Hons of an abused and insulted nation.
The justice and propriety of the cour c pursued kv
our ancestors, in throwing off the yoke ot Bntisli bon
dage, is fully established bv the multiplied wrongs* ll
suffered, try unjust and partial legis ution.
Remonstrance slid petition on the part of the co *
owes are unbend, and their just complaints are w
swered by adding insults to injury.
Every effor ton their part proving ebo live lb
tahlishing tho rights of American citizens, os Eng l ””
subjects, s convention is called, armed by a corner’
rectitude of their intentions, and relying 1,11 an “ 1,1,1
Almighty in the vindication of thiir just righ j-, 1 •’
Declaration of Independence is prut Isimctl, and 1 ,l
dings of their proceedings is receiv ed by the | BO 1 1*
acclamations of joy. ,
The spark being stricken, revoluli> ns hursts I"- 11 11
a universal flame ihiougl.out the continent.
The muttering thunders of an incensed frown
head in the distance, as these tiding* are home au
the Atlantic, and the vengeance of England in ‘ u ‘*
in.ijfsiy, is fulminated against the individuals
sing that convention, who thus rarlily dared <]° c
the nutlrority of her act*. , ,
Tho ulartn is sounded, the brandiehrd lurch 11
is displayed on our holders, the daik c.oud *’
creasing blackness spreads, and veils the nU® n
sombre shades of glot no, whilst its pentuprsl*
ens as it is borne onward by ‘lie how ling tem|’
vastalion and deulh. , un .
Still the bold pioneers of liberty stand D ' m
dismayed, amidst the universal commotion j . c , nl s
tho country from centre to circumference, *b
ready to overwhelm it in one geeerul wtcek
Like ancient Israel headed by Mosts,and 8“!",’
unerring Providence, our lorefethers wet* c° ‘||,rcr’
imtnoit .l Washington, nud guided by pal' lo