Newspaper Page Text
_ DOMESTIC.
Tin* soHitacrn Cultivator.
r YVf* l.nve for three week# laid oicr the notice intended
f->r thi# paper, but trust that it i* not too lata to do an
art of justice to publication which haa so well earned
it. To llroae who liuve read the“ Cultivator/’ we need
not sav a word. The Editor has fully satisfied every
one that h is well acquainted wit the practice und tbeo
fv of agriculture* as adaptad to our clirante ami foils,,
und confine* his w nrk mostly to articles suited to outh-1
ern reader*. We do not helir\e that anv industrious]
planter w ho has taken the work, ami read it, begrudfes
the amount paid for it. The price is One Dollar per
year. Each number contains sixteen large quarto paces, 1
and is published immildy.
We would diiect attention to the proposition of Col.
Afcx. Me Donnld, of A iu.. ami hope that someone in oui
vicinity will take it up, nr.d not suffer a work to lang
uish among us, which so richly deserve* a liberal pat
ronage. Those who cannot combine with othera in
forming a company, can always obtain it for the year,
by forwarding One Dollar ]
Tlir SOt fiMli:iC* CULTIVATOR.
‘JO,OOO Subscriber*!
What 9iv you. Planter* and Citizens of Georgia,
S uih Carolina, Alabama, Mississippi and Florida, to
the subjoined proper too o| i*n|. A. Mi lfonsid, ul Eu
ftula, Alabama 1 Are you will ng to unite with him
‘n fw.Tiina a chib a f*HOl B\ND who will each
get TWENTY SUBSCRIBERS for the Fifth Vol
ume of the 60UTHERN CUE riVA TOR ? It so.
► p .ik out—send us your inmes, and places of reai
ilcijl'c, old we will let the fouolry know who are true
friend* of the pe >pl und lb*|r interests who it la that
desire# to sU :J up for Southern Agriculture and
Souhe n Prosperity.
This is a work 111 which every man who feci* the
loa*t interest in the success of JSnufhein Agriculture
c*n cordially uriiie. Then, let the hst be tilled up with
llhi good anl trde friends of the Conntiy. W e repeat,
M*nd in your name*. Now is ihe period to make you’
purposes known, and iou have hi months to get the
TW NTT subscriber*, which will five you ample lime
to ac ompUsb your ohjert, and an abund.inl opportuni
ty to arrange lor the accofiun •dailuo ol our 20,000 j
Mend* ‘
W<* h.iva no prom ses m nj'k® aboui anew press. 1
new types, elegant cuts of fine horses, cow a. hogs, sheep,
p\vv#, machines and o her implement* of husbandry,
with which wt* would en!el:iif ihe wo k ; but we have l
this to say—if I’of. McDonald’* company of 1000 1*
• ade up. ami they promise to sml ua their airny ol
*O,OOO Friend* of Agiituiiore, the JSouihern Culiva
t*sr will noi xciirt a blush on the cheek of any of its
LiOki of tin nil*.
J. VV. *Sc W. 8. JONES, Pubhaheia.
From the Southern Cultlv >fnr.
Mn. JiMt* CiMi’ K, —The mail having reached
our town at a late hour hst flight. I early at the
post-office this morning, hop ng to find the Mav Nos.
of the a-irrcolturvi pp**ra. and was so fortunate as to
meet the Srjthern Cultivator, the Am -icao Farmer,
end the Amncan Agriculturist for the present month.
Or. looking into the Southern Cultivator, 1 found mat
ter of sorrow and pleasure mingled together —of sor
r* v, at the just bu* severe rebuke of the editor of the
Main Partner—of ple.i-U'P. at the waking up of ihe
farmers in support of the Southern Cultivator. I tin
glad that ths tauter h* l*ecn started *> early in the
>rjr. I was j 1 j.-eJ to find in the Apr 1 1 No. the letter
f.om Mr. Hunt, of Ala. in whu-n the gentleman evicc*
t J a disposition to step forward at one* in support of
the Culitvator. In the number now betoe me, l nm
delighted to find Mr. Fauhaß out with a proportion
that l am highly pleased with. Now, Mr. Editor, I
will mike a proposition, arid in miking it, I d> so with
a lull determination (it spared) to carry it out to the
tetter, 1 will be one of utie thousand farmers who will
undertake to procure and send te ihe publisher# of the
Southern Cultivator (they paying the postage on the
Inters enclosing th- money.) twenty sud-c riders e.ich
10 the Fifth Volume of the Southern Cultivator. — j
Twenty thousand sub-cfiber# is the number that l have
d'9i-ed to see t .king that valuable sgricufiuril paper ;
and there is nothing easier than to procure that num
ber if the farmers will only determine to doit, hmee
‘.he comm nee men! of the publication, I have sent some ,
two hundred dollar* to the publishers, and I know i
could have done much more by a greater efiort. Now,
I do hope that the cultivators of the soil of ihv native j
State, (Georgia.) will rally around the Cultivator.— I
J make the above proposition from long experience of 1
the profits as well <l* pleasure of re tiling agricultural
papers, l n>w receive, monthly, some six of those
works, and indeed l would bo at s complete loss with
out them.
I was highly pleased the Ijat summer in viniinr the
cd tors ~f ihe different agricultural papers, at the high,
the wry high aland that the Southern Cultivator held
among the laruiera in diflereut parts ol the United
Slates.
Mr. Editor there are a thousand ladies that would
priv their dollar for the Culnvator lo aid them iri the
rnanagement of their garden*, if the subject was only
brought before them. There area thousand lawyers
that would, each, give n dollar for the Cultivator torn- ‘
able ih-m to enter into conversation on ihe highly im
portant subject of hu-bandiy, il for no othei object; lor ;
no lush wishes to be dumb when the subject of ugri
culure is mentioned. Now, Mr. Editor, ts one thou
sand can't be had to enter into Itie above proposition,
I will be one of five bundled, or any number lint will
come up to Ihe mark Any sacrifice sooner than for
the Cultivator to slop Where is the K.iiithern fanner
that would not feel his pride lunched ill a moment by
such home thru- s as Mr Hoswea, cl Maine, is mak
ing at os.
Hoping your efforts to improve the agricultural in
terest of our common country will ptove successful, 1
am, sir, your frieft l and obedient servant.
ALEXANDER Mr DON ALD.
Eafauhi, Da'-bour County .Ala. M// 9. 1846.
The first to unite in this gn at work with Col* Mc-
Donald ure Mi-mu McCrom and Rucker, who have
rome promptly up to the work, and like true and stead
fast friend# of the cau-se entered the list. 1L ar them :
To the. Publishers of the Southern Cultivator :
Gkktlkmi.x. I have been a constant reader of the
<’jltivai.tr from the commencement of its publication, 1
Mi and I think with profit to luyaclf, and certainly with ,
much pleasure at the rlforia of it* proprietor* in ihe
< iii#e of Southern inieiret* generally. 1 thtuk it has
done much, and I oust us course 1* onward.
I am an hu . bio and urn duelled farmer, and never
before appeared tn print in my life, and do ao now wuh
ddfidence. I say appeared in print. It is not my with
to d> so now, unleva you think what 1 say may have
some tendency in advance the interests of the Cultiva
tor, and t xtcuJ it* list ol patrons. But lam so much
plotMcd wuh the proposition and exertions of Col. Me-
Dm.ild. in h -hdf of feouthern fanners, that 1 cannot
refrain from an expiession of my teehngs, and eying
to you that ( will mke on# in his company of a thou
sand to procure and send you twenty auhscriheis each
to the Fifth Volume ot the -Southern Cultivator.
Hoping your efforts and those of Mr. Camack to
arouse Southern planters to llyir true intercut may Iw ‘
successful. I am, gentlemen, your friend and obedient
servant, E. McCKOAN.
SpringUead, Jtfitrson County, Oa„ June 20 1846. I
Mr. Camac.—You will set my name down fur
twenty subscribe!a, I would sooner pay the whole sum
luyaelf than sue the the Cultisstur go down,
Ynurv truly, T. W. KUUKER.
Farm H.lt, June SO, 1846.
How many more such h tends of Southern Agricul.
‘ turn ran North < noliua, South Carolina. Georgia,
Alabama. Florida, Misaisarppi and l.uuisiana boaall
We feej cmifident Ihe'e are 1001) auch, end we want I
them lo send in then names by the first of October, that
wa may have lime to make our arrangements for anew \
piess. ly|ies, fu\. Ac., to commence ihe New Volume.
Aunisr, Jo , 1840. J. W. &W. S. JONES, j
THE VoTuNTEER?
The Imt Union defends tbs dtsmemhermant of ihe
three and sit months volunteers from Louisiana and
Alaln ms and accompanies its defence hy the publica
tion of a (lortiun ol iha currespondmet ol the Depart
raent of VV ar with the Governor of Louisiana, with
Hen. Taylor, and niheri. It makes, certainly, a very
plausible case ; though it has yet lo ali"W,what rt has 1
laile.l to do, the consistency of this act with the wthor
ity given, in the first instance, to accept the services of
*ha six month volunteers. II it he illegal lo retails them
Hi service, was tl not equally to lo send them lo Max
ico I— ■Kichmond Whig,
| EXTRACT FROM MR. R. TOOMBS SPEECH, I
OX THE NEW TARIFF BILL.
, 1 paw from the consideration of my objection* to the
• bill before the commute# to the inquiry into the gen- !
ernl piiiac*ipl-s which should govern the imposition of
duties upon imports. This branch of the subject has
received the almost exclusive attention of those who
have preceded me in this debate. The right to di--
ciiminate for the encouragement of domestic industry,
in the adjustment of revenue larifl'a. being inseparably
. connected wuh the exercise of ihe express power# grant*
ed by the Constitution to Congress, and being sustain
, ed by the cot#rnporaiieus exposition of that instrument
by its framer*, and the uniform practice of the Govern
hi nt, I shall not trespass upon the time of the commit
tee to discuss it. To foster and encourage the aria and
, industry of our own people by legislative discrimina-
I liana in their favor, m Uyiing duties upon import# for
; the support r*f Government, to protect them against the
hostile legislation of other countries bv countervailing I
legislation, begun with your first Congress, fit* been J
steadily pursued, a* occasion required, by all ol tissue
cr v-or#, and will receive the sanction of this House in
the support of the bill upon vour table. The difficult
ies in the wav of attaiiimg these great objects, under
Hu* Confederation, contributed largely to lire adoption
of our present Constitution. I h<*ll leave this point
• Her :i brief notice tis (he new position assumed by the
President and bis Secretary of the Treasury ; tins new
pa*n too la entitled to consideration only from the potu
tton of those who have adnp'ed and promulgated it.—
That unknown am) ever varying rale of duty, which
will prinluce the greatest reveuue from each article of
our commerce, is assumed a* the “ revenue standard;**
s(! rates of duly at or below that point ire declared con- ‘
“titutionil, all above it ,ira declared unconstitutional,
f'he public servart, before he can vote for a bill to iai*e \ 1
•non y to support bis Government, must find out this ‘
point upon every article, upon which he impose# a dt>- 1
ly. at the peril of a violated conscience snd broken Con
slitution ; this of |ic|f would be as diHicult of asertain- 1
merit a the quadrature ol the ciicle. ‘Phis know ledge ! I
might enable you to make a constitutional tariff, hut, j 1
to keep it constitutional, you must learn the hw of the j 1
mutations of this standard upon each commodity, and j 1
discover a mode of making your law adjust itself to j
ibem. Mi. V\ alker admits, in that portifin of his re- j 1
poil which I have heretofore quoted, that •• it is impoa- [
sible to adopt anv arbitrary maximum'’ for Hits new !
‘* revenue standard.” Yet these new expounder# of 1
constitutional law, nuke it a limitation upon the con-; 1
slitutionif power “lo lay and collect” Under 1
this construction of the Constitution it would take the 1
power which brought light out of darkness either to ‘
more a constitutional tariff, or to keep it constitutional ]
when made so. thicM weeks together.
The real difficulty in ibis ,plotion doc* not arise
horn any doubt as to extent of the powers of Congros#
over this subject,but as to die be-t mo le of exercising
them for the tru'* interest of the Republic. This quo#-
i on concerns the highest interest of the collective body
of the peojde, and demaiKG our earnest and best con
sideration. In the brief time alio we 1 me, I can only
hope lo state the conclusions of my own mind upon the
general question, and some of the reasons which have 1
controlled rov judgment. It ia difficult, if not impos-’
slide, to gen'enlixe the subjrc*. The elements of di
versity as ofien confuse a* elucidate the general rule#
which govern ihe question. That in mufactuics are
important to national wraith and independence is very
generally ccnreedvd. To promote them by proper
means is admitted to he desirable. Our whole difficul
ty lies in the as-omed fict, that legislative cncmirage
mt'Ot to any particular branch of industry i necessari
ly injurious to some or all other*. This result rrm and
will be produced when legislative encouragement i# in
judiciously applied; but it 19 equally true that it may
b# applied wuh great national advantage, and without
injury, and still more frequently without \ erinanrni
injury, to any class of society. An injudicious applies
lion of this principle of legislative encouragement of
domestic industry, while it i* generally injurious to the
rnmmunity in the aggregate, is not equally so to all
parts of the country. Those persons living in the im
; mediate vicinity of such improperly favoreJ inter
j cst* may ami often do, derive an advantage from them
more than c<>ruinen*U'ate wuh the injury which f j|U
t < their portion. The ti mer, in the \i< inilv of exten
sne riiHnufacturing establishmeots, ty the increased
value of the produce of hi* field* and hi* forests, and
the diversion nflabm and competition fom hi* pursuit#,
ani the mechanic and laborer, in the multiplication of
markets for their skill and labor, may derive
fir exceeding any injury which they iniy receive from
the increased costs of injudiciously protected commod
ities wnich they may consume. It is for this reason
(bat that which istiuly a national question has become,
in a great degree. # sectionnl one. This reason, from 1
the fa’ t that protected employments are generally in I
Northern and M ddle ?>Uie#, is strongly why we of the j
&outh should watch, Willi especial jealousy, the appli* 1
cation of the principle. Hence the prejudice against j
it in the South. This prejudice ha# been seized upon }
to control public opinion ai the Bonth, not only by art- j
ful demagogues, who, unmidful of polit cal truth, sought ‘
success, hut by able, bonert, and earnest men. whose I
opinions are entitled to the greatest respect, Strange
errors in political economy has this prejudice produced!
It has l*en boldly taught and extensively believed at
- j
lions, which formed the chief exports of the country, ,
bore the real burden of #uch duties. This extreme
opinion ha# gradually yielded to expertece, if not to res- j
son. My honorable friend from V irginia (Mr. Hunt- l
u) seem* to he it# sole defender in this dsbate ; and, |
unnmidtul of the experience of his illusiriou* predece#
sora, he even ventures upon facts, jnd figures, and sta- j
tislical table*, to sustain it. JI a refer* to tildes #how- j
ing that the price of cotton, during tbo ten years of the
existence of the compromise act, was upon the average,
about five cent# higher than since, the act of 184‘4.
Ihe fdcl might he so without, <u any degree, sustain
ing In# theory ; hut there i* a slate of facta disclosed
by hi# fable* utterly incoiiNistsnt and ol war with it.
The sime table* to which the gentlemHii refers, if they
are accurate, will show him that, during the first five
years of the compromise act, when the duties upon im
ports were highest, the average price of cotton wa# ful
ly five cent* higher thin during the l#i>t five years. If
i hMs theory wuw true, the lesult would have been just
the reverse. A computation of the first three an t the
list three year* of the operation of that hill will -how
the same results. Jus *lo true, unfortunately for the
gentleman'# theory, that cotton wa# lower during the
last year of lbs compromise, when the duty was low
e*t. than at any other period during the existence of
tb.it ait. j’eihups no period of the cotton trade could
have been selected when the lesult would hate been
less saliol.tctory to the fiee trade theory. lam answer
ing the geutlem in's argument. Ido not intend to a*-
Mtxl that the high price of cotton from INd.H to 1837
was produced by the high duties which then existed.
That position would he equally fallacious with his; it
could not well be more §O. The price of cotton, though
subject to fluctuations, has been generally better, since
184*2, than during that year, in our Southern markets,
j I hit it has not improved tn a corresponding degree
i with many other productions of human industry in this
country is explainable upon the aimplest and best Mt-
tied principles of political economy. The crop of 1842,
I think, wua the largest ever grown in the United
States; the crops of 1812 and 1844 were greatrr than
the consumption of those years; this will probably be
true of ihe crop of 1846. We have, therefore, for the
last four years, been glowing cotton in the lace of a
glutted market; Ihe suiplua on hand, shove the con
sumption, it is believed has at no time, since 1842,
been loss than five hundred thousand bales. Yel, in i
I the face of ibis stale of fac’a, the pi ire has not only j
I maintained itself, but improved. Besides this, |am
’ well satisfied that the profits on the production of cot
ton hi Ihe Unit-d Slates is decidedly better limn the av
erage prcfiits ol capital in the natioo, if we except the
menufactures, and the production of sugar, The col
ton planter is not injured as such by the prolictive pull
ey, whutever injury that policy niav inflict upon him
as a consumer of dutiable products. Ha )< greatly ban
| efiled by the tnaintainance of the sugar Interest.—
1 That interest tiuw employs above seventy-seven mil
liuns of capital, which would return from whence most
of it went—to the production of cotton —if that interest
was destroyed. The olftcl of auch a rotutii upon the
alraatly redundant crop of cotton, would unquevtiona
bly b further to reduce the price. Capital anil labor
are at this tuna rapidly changing from the jnuduclinn
of cotton to that of sugar. It la ‘o the interest of..ihe
cotton planter that this should continue. Legislative
i encouragement hat greatly extended and given slabili
i ly to the cihlori manufactories in our country ; they
now consume almollour hummed thousind bales m
out cotton, equal to about one-tifih of the whole crop
last year, lam not unswaie of the lacl that the great
1 importance of ibis home market is attempted to be less
( nra h'f\ he assertion that it is a mere change of rnafk
me—-that if the#* lour hundred thousand hale# of cotton
were not manufactured here they would he in England.
That may wr niiv not be true ; bu*. *<lmiMir*g it# truth,
the argument i# not au*wercJ. It is more beneficial
tu the cotton srower that it #hould he manufactured
here than in England especially to the extent of our
own consumption The concentration of three-fourth*
of the cotton crop of the t rilled Mutes in the Lives pool
marker, end thereby enabling the English manufacturer I
to exerci*e a controlling influence iu fixing it# price,
ha#, in mv judgment, been eminently hurtful and inju
rious to the co>ton planter. The concentration of the
( Ommodi'v and the purchase# at one place, with iden
tity of intercuts on the part of huye>*. enable* them
mors readilv to combine against tbe seller and control
the price. I3e*ide#. any political convulsion, or der
angement of currency r commerce in England, effect*
, the price, not onlv r*f that portion of the Clop which
| *hr manufacture* for h r own consumption, hut also
i of that which she buys lo manufacture lor other nation*.
Every class m Eujhind consider the on*.'lves interested
m keeping down ihe price of cotton, and *e continu
ally struggling for that end. The Bank of England
can. at anv time, hv discrediting the p#per of the com
mercial house* in the American tisde, force sale* faster
than the regular demand, glut the market, and reduce
the price. Much has been her conduct and policy, and
will be again when she deems it necessary.
It would hr folly inaiend of wisdom in u*. tn throw
the fifth of the crop which we manufacture under these
ilifln*>trou* influence*. A* a (ottnn planter, I ha v e
watched, with interest and satisfaction, ti e determina
tion generally manifested bv the tits continental pow
er# to increase their restriction of upon B<itih cotton
manufactures for the protection of their own. When
[ they shall manufacture nil the cott n good# which they
consume, the Southern planter may no lunger tremble
at the new* of a Manchester *• auike ” or the failure of
the English corn cron. It is oftpn much more impor
tant to the seller to have numerous bidder# for dillcrent
portion# of his commodity, (ulihough the demand in (
| the aggregate m*y bn no greater than the whole,) than .
, that he should have but one customer for th whole
I commodity. And, upon similar principles, it is better
j tor u# to have •he Englishman, the Frenchman, and
1 the Getrnan, each bidding for tha* portion of the crop I
Iha may want, than that the Engliahmn should buy the (
whole, and sell to them in a manufactured state. B- j
side#, when a nation manufactures cotton, or any other j
thing, for her own consumption, that consumption
generally increase*. This will be invariably true when
the kind of manufacturing adopted is suitable to the
condition of the country adopting it. Our own coun
t*v ha* abundantly illustrated the truth of thi* position.
The truest intercai of the South, in u*y opinion, would
he lo manufacture every bile of cotton which the coun
try consumes. I trust the dry is not far distant when
Georgia will do her pirt of it. Until wc are prepaid
to do this, it is our inti rest that a.* many nations a*
possible shall engage in its manufacture, and to foster,
and encourage, and extend it* manufacture every where
in our own country. The apprehension expressed by 1
the gentlemen who disagree with me, that this system
will destroy commerce, is groundless. That commerce
which is founded upon the principle that each nation
shall buy where it can buv cheapest, such commodities
a* it cannot, within a reasonable time, make a* cheap 1
and as advantageously for itself as it chi buy, will V*e
mutually beneficial to the nation# engaged in it. Kv- 1
ery other descriptisn of commerce is injurious to one
side or the other. And such are the diversities of soil
and climate, and condition of nations, that upon thi*
principle there will be no lack of commodities for legit
imate commerce.
It is th** settled policy of thi* Government to rafae
its ordinary revenue# by dunes on impost*. Thi* pol
icy seem* to he universally acquiesced in; at least, it#
propriety 1* not directly disputed by any body of men
sufficiently numerous to have attracted any general al
ien ion. The manner of adjusting these duties has
! been the “a; pie ‘>f discord.” It is contended bv many
of those who oppose such an adjustment of them a# re
gaid# discrimination* for the protection of domestic in
dustry : Ist. Thai all duties upon imports raise the
price of the imported commodity, and of all similar ar
ticles produced at home, to the whole extent of the du
ly ; *nd that, therefore, to the extent of the whole do
mestic supply the wholo duty is a tax upon the con
sumer* for the benefit of the domestic producer; and,
2d, That such du’ies a.* discriminate for piotection di
mmish the national wealth, by diverting the labor ami
capital of ihe community from a more profitable to a
leg# prob able pursuit. If the* propositions le true,
your tarifl of 1842 ought not to stand another day up
on your #t itute book, and the bill i>pou your table should
never be permitted to become a law. If tbe Democrat
ic party upon this floor believe them to be true. I do
j not understand how they can vole for tbe tarifTbill be
-1 fore the committee, which abates less than six per cent,
on the average of duties levied by the present act. I
believe neither proposition to he true.
It i* possible that a 1 arilT hill might he go framed ns
to produce tneae results, but it is not p obable that such
’ a one will ever he adopted by anv civilized people.—
And this is tile great practical difficulty in this question.
[The friend* of free-trade take an example (such a*
growing orange# in the frigid zone) which prove# their
theory, hut it has no application *0 the nieusuie which j
’ they oppose, and tends only to mislead and deceive.— I
| In selecting object* for thi* species of legislation, strict
care and prudence is necessary tu prevent mischief.—
Those things necessary for ihe public defence in time
jof war should have our first cire and attention ; we
1 should then select those article* which, from the con
| ditmn of our country and it# advantage*, with refeienco •
I to other countries, tor their cheap production, esn he
] speedily produced in sufficient quantiles for the supply
’ f the domestic demand a* cheiplyas they cun be
made elsewhere ; and u ta oftentimes wise to emhiace
#uch commodities hs we can produce and sell as cheop
• foreigners are likely to supply u* with, although
they may he able to )unduce them at 1 less cost than
we can. A lardT disciinunating upon these principle*
will advance the general prosperity. It is true that du
ty is au element of price, and that the imposition of
duties tend* to raise the price of commodities upon
which they are placed, and that this is one (bu* not the
only one) of the reason* why the pioducer# of
protected articles desire the imposition of du
nes; but horns production brings into operation 1
Ciusc# which always modify, and vety frequently to
tally annihilate, this tendency of dude# to increase
prices. There |re s great variety of these causes; I
shall only he able to advert to 1 lew of the moat prom
inent in thia argument. 80 great and poweiful are
these cause*, that, a# 1* proven by our own experience,
notwithstanding the fact that, by superior skill, abun
dance of capital, and rtisapnes# of labor, foreign na
tion* may he able to produce many commodities at it
lets cost than wo can, and therefore ihfir natural price
la less ; net similar domestic products, whose natural
price is greater, are generally sold in our maikata at a
less price than when the foreigner had the monopoly
of our supply. I hi# natural puce I# defined bv Adam
Minith to be a price •• #uificint to pay tbs rent of land, |
the wage# of labor, and the profits of tbe stock en>- !
ployed in raising, pieparing, and bringing the com
modity to market tccoidmg to their natu al rates.”—
I be advocate# of free-irsda base their theory upon this
iisturnl price, thus defined, in utter disregard of tbe
111*1 ket puce and tbe causes which control it. Hence, 1
we so ofien see experience defining their calculations;
hence, their uniform abhorrence of facts and results
tested by expencnce, md pertinacious adherence to ;
mere abstract speculation. In >it. of their theories
to the contrary, it 1# # universal truth, which has shak
|Hn she confidence of oorne ol their ablest follower*,
| that those nation* which luve sought not to force the
’ production of commodities within their own bounds
nee which were opposed by natural or controlling arti
ficial causes, but lo follow their capital and industry
by legislative piutectiuu, have uniformly been supplied
with such fabrics, thu* produced, cheaper than any
nation which has relied upon a foreign aupply.—
I ha history of the trade in cotton bagging in tbe Mouth
for the list four years, bus dernonstaled the utter j
worthlessness of Calculations bated upon the tbeorivs
of tbe friende of free-trade. This han article of id- 1
moat universal Consumption in the South. It was
therefore selected lo illustrate’ much the cotton
planter*, in the intemperate language of the triends of
liee trade, were robbed snd plundered” by your ttriiF
policy. Time has destroyed it* efficieacy fur popular j
delusion. The results hvi satisfied manv, e*eo of
the most prejudiced, that whatever may l>© tbe abstract ■
truth of the tfteory of free-trade, thet tbe trade in cot
ton bagging is an exception to the rule.
To this else# there are some exceptions. The Bcf. j
retsry of the I reisurv h i* the unscropuhm* boldness ‘
to aaseit, in the fare of the most overwhelming facts
ilemunslraiirg the fallacy of his opinion, that ** tht
duty on colton bagging la equivalent lu 55. JO percent.
I* *i valorem or>.Scotoh bagging, and to 123.11 per cant.
; on the gunny-tag; and yet the whole revenue fr,joi
theie duties has tallni lu $66,064 50. Nearly the
esilire aniuun’, therefore, of this enormous isx makes
no addition to the icvruue, hut ifiurff to the benefit of
*l*out thirty manufacturers.** Mr. Walker intends, in
the above extract from his report, to induce the coiton
| plsnteia of the South to believe ihal these assumed
I duties of 55.20 and 123.11 per rent, ad valorem
I (neither of which are true in point of fact) operate as j
taxes to their full amount, both upon the foreign and |
domestic bigqmg, anJ accordingly raise the pmas of
both the foreign and dome* ic bagging to ‘.lie amount j
of the#® duties, and that, with the exception of the’
small amount of revenue collected upon the foreign
article, “ the entire aiu-iunl of till.-* enormous tax in- |
ures to she benefit of about thirty manufacturer*.'’ A* 1
different amount* of duly are levied upon different 1
fiiHMgn rompeiitofM wilh the domestic article, n might
have ihro'vu new light upon th.a peculiar system of j
political economy to luve informed the country wheih- j
rr the Ki ntucky luigging ought to rum f>s 20 pci cent.
r 12J.1l per cent, by the impos.liou ol these duties. I
We sic unable to get any key to tills mystery from the |
actual prices of (tie commodity since the duties were i
no pose J ; for every description of the article, both lor
eign and domestic, has declined in price since the pas- j
sage of the act of 1842, Wince the introduction of i
(he busmens of making cotton lugging in Kentucky— ‘
since our own country men have come tutu competition
with the foreigner in producing it —the price of bag
ging has fallen to less than one-third of its average
price before that period. It is at this moment munu
tar lured in the United Wtaies and sold to the consum
er I>r l-s money th in it cost in Dundee when the
land of 1842 was passed, and less than its present cost
there, according to the price fi ed by Mr Warlker for
estimating the ad valorem du’y upon it. The la-4 po
sition is a mere matter of calculation upon Mr. Walk
er's Ckiimate of the duty; the first 1 shall proceed to
prove by conclusive evidence. Mr. Calhoun believed,
, m 1842, that itie present duty on cotton bagging would
raise the price to the extent-of tbe hig,.e*t duty, and
i thus greatly injure the cotton plantei. lie therefoie
vehemently opposed it. It is duo to candor to state,
1 thst it wh the prevailing opinion, at that time, among
i cenllemen of both political parties at the South, thst 1
: tins duty would injuriously affect the cotton planter;
j hence it met with general opposition then from both
I parties. Testing this duty by his principles of polili
j cal economy. M. Calhoun worked out. with m ithemat
i ical certainty, as he supposed, the precise amount of
i injury w/fmh ‘lie cotton planters were to sustain by
ibis duty. During the debate on the tariff of 1842
in the Senate ol the United Slates, the duty on cotton
hanging being under consideration, it appears from the
report contained in the Congressional Globe und Ap
pendix. page 602, that • Mr. Calhoun observed that
this was a subject in whir h tho*e whom he lepreseny
td, arid ihe whole Southern region, were deeply inter
t eled. lie r-übuiilted the following:
i -4 statement of the additional cost on the cotton crop
of the j/tar (estimated at 2,000,0ut) hags Jin con
sequence of the proposed duty on cotton nagging,
rope, and twine.
The cost on a bag, estimated at 400 pounds, yards
bagging, at 5 cen s tile square yaid, equal to 6 1-9
cents the running yaul, and equal to 68 per cent, i
aj vaJarein on the invoice, • - SOO 33 11-18
| Six pounds of rope, at 6 ccotfl per pound,
and about equal to 110 per cent, ad
Viloiem* • - * - - 00 36
Quirter of a p oind of twine, at 6 cents
duty pi r pound, and about equal to 30
or 40 per cent, ad valorem, • - 00 01)
Cast per bag - SOO 71 1-9 j
2.000.009 of bigs, at 7 f l 9 cents per bag, is equal
to $1,422 222. Tbe yro** value of the crop, estuna
-1 ted at 7j cents per pound, would be $60.000,000, ‘
j And the additional cost, in consequence of the duty |
on these article-, would he equal to2J per cent.— that ‘
is, 2 h bags in the hundred, or 1 hag in 37, and 54,000
; bags hi the crop; and estimating the number of fdc- !
1 tones for bsggmg at 21 in the United States, it would !
|ta equal to 2.571 to each, Tbe reductiou of the duty
i h> 3$ cents j*er yad would reduce cost on ihe crop to i
| about $1,200,000.”
The bill was passed ; the duty was imposed; the
lest of experience was applied to this calculation, and j
found it to be wholly erroneous. Bagging, rope, and !
’ twine, instead ot rising in proportion to tbe duty, did ,
| not i iso at all in price, but fell. Instead of laying an j
additional price upon th< ir bagging, rope, and twine,,
1 equal to the duty, and thereby levying upon us a tax .
of two bales and a half of our cotton in the hundred, !
as Mr. CaUionn supposed, the Kentucky tnanuficlur- I
ofs of these articles were compelled by the workings of
the inevitable laws of trado, to sell then: for much less
than they did la-fort*. Instead of getting 71 1-9 cents
additional price for the quantity of bagging rope and 1
twine necessary to prepare a bag of cotton for market, i
they are compelled to sell that quantity for less than
the estimated additional piice which Mr. Calhoun
thought the duty would give them, which is shown by
the followin'., table, based upon actual prices at the
Kentucky manufactories, to wit :
Five and a half yards of good bagging, at 8j cents
per yard • SOO 46$
Nii pounds of good rope, at 3} cents per lb. 00 21
Quarter of a pound of twine, at 8 cts. p< i lb. 00 02
soo coj
I These'priees of bagging, rope ami twine are taken
] from the qnotation* nl then price* at l.ouisville for the
last three month*. I belli ve they are not lower than
the averse* for the last twelve month*. That they
are accurate 1 know by actual purchase* of those arll
| clea ill that market, within a few days past, for my
own use. These price* show that bagging now sells
for within less than tw o ami a half cent* of Mr. Cal
houn * estimate of the duty. It also appears that cot
ton bagging t* now soil! by the manufacturers iu this
country for less than the cost of Dundee bagging in
Dundee, during the yeat 1842. fri the report of the
i same debate it ta staled, •• Mr. Celhoun read a letter,
from orte of the first merchants in South Carolina,
quoting Ihe puce of Scotch bagging, fit for the cotton
planter*, *t live pence per yard.” Ollier gentlemen
| submitted different auli merits. Mr. Ueotun after re
viewing tlteae dill* lent statement*, in the same debate,
soya—“ About thirteen or fourtiWn tent* may be as- ;
sumrd aa the average or usual coal of lb* article in
Dundee and Inverneas, whence It comes.” A com- |
pauvin of the present prices of domestic bagging in
this country, at the lactones, with these Scotch prices,
•.show that we now make good bagging in Kentucky 1
more than five cents per yard less Ilian it cost in Dun
dee in 1842. and for three or four cents per yard let* !
than (he present price in Bcollmd, a-ceitatning the
price according to Mr. Walker'a eatimale of it lor fix
ing the ad valorem duty. It is now generally sold in
the larger markets for distribution at leas than the
Scotch price in 1842. when the tariff bill was patted,
I It is al-o a well known fact, to every cotton planter,
: that, notwithstanding the duty, and the cheapness of
its production, that the gunny hag has continued to
(all m slmoal exact proportion with othor descriptions
ol bagging, allowing how little influence lb* coal of
production may have over Ihe market price of a com.
I modity in a country lemote from the place of ii* pro
duction. These facia have wholly demolithed the
hempen pillar of this free trade theory. Mr Walker I
may lament over ihe desliuclmn of revenue upon Iheae
articles, resulting from Ihe skill, industry, and enter
-1 price, of our Wealern countrymen. They have ••sub
stituted,” as he terms it, cheaper and belter siticles of
domestic production for the foreign products. ‘ I re
joice 111 every reduction of your revenue from imports
which ia pioduced by this aort of ••substitution.” It
la ao unerring index of the upward progress of the its- •
lion. I have dwell thua long upon cotton bagging j
because it was selected by ibt Southern advocate* of
free trade to teat thoir principles in 1842, and becauae
the whole history of tins trade is familiar to iny own
; constituent!.
I [Corrnpondcnte of (he Savannah Republican )
Al.riNß, (da.) Avo. 7, 1846.
GrarieMsir In my last letter I alluded to only a
few of the meny reins'kable attractions upon and a
lound the l.ookout Mountain. Thera are other, scarce
I lesa interesting objects. ■ notice of which I shall have
! to defer for the present. Upon the summit of the
mountain, tha level space tn which I have alluded, re
side some fifteen or twemv families, whose isolated po
| aillon renders them almost unacquainted with the world
j beneath. ‘They are remarkuldo for their simplicity of
1 manneia ami frankness of tprraion. The moun'ein
’ lasses with their bright eyce, plump terms. ioy cbeeko,
■ml artless manners, psuit ularle uilisru and my nnlicr. ;
When I beheld thetr plain ores iff dreai and remarkable i
symmetry of person. I felt that I could understand
what Thvxpsgx means when he says
“ Deuuty
Needs not the foreign aid of ornament;
But is, when unadorned, adorned the most.” i
They are free, frank, modest, unsuspecting, and some j
of them, in personal symmetry and loveliness of feature, ;
almost faultless. Here • foreign airs” arc unknown, I
| and * native graces” shine forth In ail their softness
! und simplicity.
| The mountain is not remarkable for its fertility.
. though it affords excellent pasturage for rattle. If you
| w *l to r.jy the luxuries of milk, butter am) cheese,
in their highest perfection, abandon your editorialsmic
i turn for a few days, and pay a flying visit to Mr. l.ane.
; In thi* vicinity i* made the fine cheese to which I al
luded in a former fetter. Tbs dairy is under the hi
’ perirtteridance of a gentleman and Indy who aie per- (
, f**c(lv acquainted wiiU their business,and who are con
i fident that they will be able to compete with the most
’ celebrated dairies in this or any other country. The
pasturage is no fine, and the climate so mild, that the
j cattle do not require half she care and expeo-e in keep
! iii>, necessary at the North. I hope that Mr. Force.
Iwhrr is the pioneer in this enterprise, mnv be induced
to send a few thousand pounds of his choice cheese to
the Bdfvanlt.ih market. I know it would meet with a
j reaily sale.
Here, too, is presented a w ide field for tbe Geologist.
! *t’ atu, containing shelly, cnjstarpous and coralline re
mains, uff -rd favorable opportunities for hi* investigs
tiuns, V\ bat most attracted my attention was tbe im
mense quantity of Coul found in the side* of the moun
uin. It is obtained without any difficulty as it props
out upon she surface, and is often picked Up in large
quantities without even ths IrouMe of mining for it.—
Professor VV.li. Johnson, of Philad Iphia, in a report
on American CouU, published by order of the 11. S.
Senate, save r
“ Fhe possesion by nny country of a resource so im
portant a* extensive deposited of mint ral fuel, mxv be
justly regard'd ** ail object of pride and pleasure, not
les* than one of universal interest. In some countries
in Europe. all mines belong to the public domain,even
, when found under a soil which is private property.—
Much of the power and influence of Great Britain in
■ owing to her Coal Mines. The Coal depositrs *f this
small Island, which would itself scarcely cover one of
the Coal fields of tbe United States, have afforded the
means of carrying her conquest to the remotest parts of
the globe,”
I have procured some specimens of the Coal from
I tire Look-Out Mountain, which burn finely, but which
l hive not the raeer/s of analysing. It is used fn the
blacksmith shops, and I whs informed that considerable
quantities of it arc transported in wagons even ds far
as Huntsville, Alabama.
In addition to this Coal, tl era are in the vicinity in
exhsuslable beds Iron ore of a superior quality. equal
in every lespect to that obtained atjhe celebrated Iron
Mountain in Missouri. Messrs. Cooper & Stroup
hive already in operation extensive iron woiks in Cass
county, which I v*hall hereafter visit, and of which I
will give you a minute description.
Marble, too. is abundant and of fine quality, but un
til greater facilities of transportation are afforded. I am
under the impression that an investment in this hui
---l neaa would not be profitable. lam told that one gent
leman in Murray counlv has built his chimneys of it.
• and that another actually contempla'es realizing the
pleasure of dwelling in •• Marble Halls,” as he is about
to construct an entire house of it. Chalcedony; Agate,
Jasper, and Barytes, are nl-o found in this region.—
H iving a passion that way, I have not been idle, and
I some eight or nine hundred specimens have rewarded
1 my toil.
j Verily, Messrs. Editors, the true resources of shh
country are nut known—or if known, are not appre
cij'ed. No section of the Union possesses unde
veloped sources of wealth, so varied or remarkable.
I Fhe soil is highly productive, and will sustain an al
j moat unlimited population—the mountains are full of j
‘he richest minaiaD, aud the water power is immense, j
I Cherokee is destined to be the New England of the
’ Here will eventually be a manufacturing pop
! illation, that will carry off tbe palm from Lowe] herself
| Think only of the advantages of climate, water, and of !
steam-power—of the cheapness of provisions, and tbe I
; raw material—and *ay if lam not right! Tell me not (
that provisions will advance when manufactures get ,
! under way. We hive tbe whole of eastern and middle J
Tennessee, and North Alabama, anil even the Ohio 1
; Valley to fall hack upon. ‘Fhe completion of the great
, State road to Chattanooga, will not limit the impro?e
, ment. It will he extended in less than ten years to ,
I Knoxvffle, Nashville, and Memphis, and Ihe produce
I of that whole region will be pourpd down upon tbe (
Atlantic coast to Savannah and Charleston. Would 1
| that I could impress the people of your city with the •
importance of preparing for coming events. Would !
that your banks could be taught a little common sense,
anil that they would look more to the development of
our resources, and less to the mere purchase of exchan
ge—that they could become more identified with Geor
gia and less with New York. Would that your mer
chants could lie induced to wake up to the importance
:of greater efforts in this quarter. ‘Fhe people of Cher
okee are nature’6 noblemen, and are ptompted by a lau- j
dable JState pride. All their sympaihies are with their
own seaport, hut they know not our own people, be- !
caue we have not come among them Would you
believe it, that thev regard a Savannah man here ns a
kind of natural curiosity, a sort of low-country Gyns
cuius, so few ol them have ever found their way into ,
this tegion. Action, action, Messrs. Editors, is the
word ; and I sincerely hope that you will allow neither i
“ slumber to the eyes, nor sleep to the eyelids” of your I
people, until your city ha* obtained its true position.
I cannot close without a word in regard to the peo
ple of this interesting section of our State. Like the
marble of their mountains, thev lack only polish to I
make them the finest specimen* of creation. They are
as a mas*, well-informed, particularly on political topics.
Almost eveiv man you meet h familial with national |
and Slate politics, I have often been astonished and
confounded with their arguments. A fine state of
moral fueling too is growing up. Mr. Force whose hos
pitality I have been enjoying for a lew days, has erect
ed quite a neat church at his own expense, which is |
open to cbiisiiaits of all denominations, and his amia- !
ble lady haa established a fine Sunday school, which is
well attended, and w hich I feel quite assured will exert
a most happy influence upon the countless swarms of
children, inhabiting the*c mountain* and valleys.—
This is equally true of other counties, and Ism happy
to say that the progress of the people in Cherokee is
onward and upward. Is it not important for you of,
Savannah to be immediately and intimately connected
with such a population ? I must sav that I have mis
calculated in regard to the patriotism and public spirit 1
of Savannah, i! she he not found equal to the crsis aud
the occasion. Your a, U.
Editorial Corrnpondence N, O. Picayune.
On Boahii Stiamkh Ain, 5
Foot of a Reef on the tiio Crande, July 29. 5
I commence this letter at the loot of a reef or chute
in the Kin Grande, about one mile above the mouth of
the Wan Juan, and at a place where we are likely to be
detained some time if we get through ai all. There
is no great amusement, that I can are al least, in watch
i mg the upeiations of a yawl’s crew aa they a e feeling
I about in the river ahead with a long pole, hunting for
deep water and snug*, so 1 will set down and attempt
to picture the scene immediately on board and along
aide the steamer.
Tiiere is a rancho close by—a large one I should
suppose-—and ever y Ulan, woman and child has flock
ed down to the river's aide to see the steamboat.—
With wonder and with fear—-more especially with
fear—da the natives gaze at our craft, the women bug
glng their little ones closer as tho engineer lets off s
4mle phizz—don’l you call it phiez ? — of extra steam.
An old American pilot wa have on board—one who
ha* seen three iteamboila before in hie life and is not
afraid—is endeavoring to persuade aonia of the term,
nlae to come on board, while a rascally looking ran
chero ia tailing them not to stir a etep, aa La America
noi want In tie them anil carry them oil’ This indi
vidual has been told, by an American who speaks the
language, that he ia an infamous old liar, and that he
must shut up. He has shat up. and two or three
middle-iced women, with no particular fear of bring
earned off. have ventured up the planks and are slow- j
ly edging along toward* the cabin stairs. The p'rellisi j
samples, ineanwh'le, have helakrn themselve* In ihe
upper bank of the river, and many of them doubtless
think they ate looking their last at their older and ‘
more venturous aunts and mothers. One sinister- J
looking scoundrel is eyeing us from ihe shore, a coat
of whose lace in *and I thhrulrl like to posses*. A
mould from il, ill which to run brass dour knockers,
would be a tifkture—it wuuld giin the face oil a bye
na, located upon a door upon the opposite aide of the
street, completely out of coantensuce. The felfo*
whs so ugly 1 could not take my eyes off him-I f ni ri f
liked hi.a looks. The first bevy of females. afi*r
I sunning the boat in all its putt, are wending ihvi,
j way ashore, while a younger brood, who have
H U F c,Hir ß*’ ,e advancing :o gratify their cun>ii v
Ihe yellow, pink and blue paper, wnb which the
, ceiling of the boat ia decorated, Chinese fashion ap
pears to take the eye of ihe girls, for expressions ct
muy bon it a— very pretty—are on every lip.
see the ornamental fast enough, hut the really u.-efuj
♦“• capes their observation. Greedy bays, anxious to
be the posse-sors of bits and picayunes, have brought*
dura zoos and sandias— peaches and watermelons—.
on hoard, and find a ready market, while venders o!
chickens und other notions are also reaping for them
I u rich hi r %eat. Naked buy* and half naked girl*
clustering about, w i h no definite object, ami the whole
veene is one of strange wildness to those onarcuatom.
cd to such thing*. The steamboat bell has just ri>(lf
uu examination of the chainx I Ins commenced
captain thinks it would be imprudent and dangerous
to go ahead, the Mexieanus are scampering oshere. and
♦ .in hows re rounding loin the direction al Camargo
Thus has ended the second Mier expedition.
company on board, which is comm.ruled by t;ljf|
Vinton, will now pmhably go up by land, while a
smaller boot than the Aid may ba sent up light to ex
amine the river.
P. 8 Camargo. 13 o'eM.— We ktr got back
here, .me and miuinl. and I now lo,rn (hat ihn troq„
will .tan early to-mnrrnw for Mier on foot
No intrlligencr ha, as yet romo in from the ranger,
who ur, oat alter Indiana. Boino of them will proba
I’lv l, e in to night. Thia ia ihe a. coml letter I have
written to-day. but there is not a line of important
nwi in either. (j, VV. K
Mina, (Meaieo.) July 31, 18J(j
tlapt. Vinton's command entered this place this
morning without the l**aat show of opposition, the in
habitants thronging to the Plaza in crowds as the
troops filed into it and stacked their arms in front of
the house of the alcude. It se-med In me as though
there were men enough rn the njuare to have beaten
us off with nothing else auve Ihe loose rocks |yig g
about; yet not a hand was raised.
Mier is by far the most pleasant, cleanly and well
regulated place we have \et sren in thia part ol Meii
co. It ia built on a hill overlooking a cleat tunning
stream of the fame name, three rnilea from the ftio
I'fstitle, and is said to contain 6,000 inhabitants, |.
‘hough I Jo not know where they .tow them alt. You
may well recollect Ih .t it vaa in thit piece that Ilia
Texans under Col. Pislier were compelled to surrender
after thev had killed twoce their own number of Mex
icans. The houses occupid hy the Texans during the
battle svere pointed out. and still hear the marks ot the
desperate conflict.
I have slated that the nomber of the inhabitants ia
put down at 6 000; arlinitfng thst it is 4,000, it was
still entered and taken possession of bv 93 mep only
85 regulars and 8 of McCulloch’a Rangers, acting as a
mounted guard. You could* not serve any town in the
United B:aies in that way. and this plara ia a perfect
fortification from its pnaitirm and Ihe strength of Ihe
houses, which are of .tone, Capt. Vniton's command
occupies a large school-house tn one corner of the Pla
za, neur the church—strong, end at the same time
commodious and comfortable tyuarfers. kis Company
B, of the dd Artillery, or •’ Red legged 1 Infantry,” asit
is now called, from the fact that the milt see ar this
lime serving as infantry, while they Wear the red or
artillery stripe duwrn their pantaloons. 1 give you a
list of tile officers, who arr all in good health : Capt.
.1 R. Vinton. Assistant So igeon Trevo, I.routs. 8
Van Vliet and F. J. Thomas.
The CaoMitcbes, who have committed many rasa
ees in this vicinity of late, are soul to have left for the
mountains of Texas with their prisoners and plunder.
Many of the women and children Irom Ihe adjoining
ranches, driven in by the Indians, a'e still here.
I lelurn to Camargo in the morning with the Ran
gers. If I could have my own way I should r- main
here, for it is worth forty of Carnatgo. G. VV. K.
Caxjßoo, Acodst 3, 1846.
To show the impudence, of the C a inanities, ami ih)
great contempt in which they hold their Mexican eae
! rnies. 1 will relate one little incident—ne farce, if I
’ may so call it, of their production. The day before
the Americana t,>k possession of the place this J
was told hy one who saw the whole proceeding—a
’ small party of Camanches appeared on the opposite
I hank of the rivet, and within three hundred yanJaot
i the town. One of the Indians had not a rag upon
h m save a green Mexican uniform coat, laced with
red and trimmed with yellow, on I waa armed with
1 nothing save a Mexican bugle er trumpet. Thtsha
held to hta innulli and sounded to the full strength ol
his lungs. Up and down the rivei bmk he blew and
i tdasted awy upi n this instrument, regardless of tuns,
hut anxious tu make ail the noise he could in thst
part of toe world situated immediately opposite Mier.
Ihe cry of ‘ lus hiding’ was raised, the women and
children ecampeied, while the men rode furiously up
anil down the streets, nut of retch of balls anil arrows,
and signed papers ami swore that litey would do great
‘things, besides dying in defence of the town. It is
said they completely broke down their horses in pa
rading and dashing about, and were not ready to start
alter the Indians until they saw and knew that Ihe In
dians had had (heir tun out and were completely eut
of reach.
j There ia no mistake that a large force of Camsn-
I r hea is on this side ihe Rio Grande, commuting dep
redations and murdering the inhabitants with inpom
lv. T'artiesof them have appeared at Guerrero, a city
some thirty miles above Mier, have stolen agii-.il ras
j ny horses and mules, and have killed several of ihe
i principal cil urns, among them one of the town
council. The authorities of tire place have sent in
llieir submission lo the officer in command of the li.
Slates troops here, and woulJ doubtless he delighred
to ese ail American (orce in tbe Plaza. You may ask.
why do nut ihe Mexicans turn uul in force—outnum
bering as l hey do the Indians ten to one—give them
sound drubbing, and drive ihem out ol the country I
It is because they are 100 lazy in the first place, nd
too timid lu the second. So far as I esn see, Ihe mea
here spend one-thud of the day in sleeping, one-ibrrd
in bathing, and the ether thud in doing nothing—not
a very profitable employment of time, they wou'dMf
away *• Down East.”
Gsmargo is new overrun with troops, the wliita lent*
of the soldiers cohering seres anil acres. The Ringer*
•tari out to-morrow on a si not in the direction ol Mon
terey, and bodirs of regulars with army store* will
probably soon follow. Every one ia anxious to get
away (runt this place, to move any where. You f
think in New Orleans that you know something shout
hot weather and luuequitoos. You *• don't know
noihing.”
Bnme fuss hsa been raiaej shout the pack mules
employed tu Iranapoit Government eufplie*, lot si*
U'ge number of wagons have rraehed this plsce. a'*
ditficuluea will duublh ss he obviated. Ci, VV. K.
Camahou, Afbut 3, IS4®-
j I have just seen * loiter datedyealerday at ReynM*.
(ha wriler of which calls foe a daisohmant of mounted
men to guard a large drove of pack mules to Ihtwplace ■
Ha has tellable information, so he eaye, that a l ,n l
of brigands has been organized in the neighborhood ol
Key nos a to cut up any and every small party they ®*T
meet upon the road, and lie lunher slate* tbit , n,e ui
the principle men us that place are engaged i th |”
scheme of pillage and murder. 1 trust the acotinJnd*
may he found uut. Tb* conciliatory system has bee' l
lost upon them, and some otiici should ha tried- **
are treating thousand* of individuals beia with r ® n
Hidfistion and respect who would turn round sad cu ’
ur throats the first oppot tunny that occurred, in
con mucluigutlu, to use one of thatr favo'de * , P ,el ‘
j atons.
‘Troops still continue to pour in, several comp*®* 1
having arrived, since 1 wrote yealerday. on the s'es®
er* Koberle and Dig Hatches, lien. Worth has®®*
ed the camp to high and dry ground on the Ban Jusn
u mile below Carmargn where the eoldteriare fuw 1 ’" 1
comfortable. How Napoleon used to diep®** ® ”
tiemendous armies is a mystery to roe. Huddl
close or closer than comfort will allow, even em 1 ®
: ten thousand men here take up a wilderne** ol ‘P**’
( apt. (iillitpie’e Rangers remain in camp 1 ,e1,> w 1
McCulloch's are nil this morning in (he
is supposed, of Monterey, scouring the country *
at least as Cions, and pos-lbly larther. Report*
large psrliee of aruted men have been *een in ‘ ‘"Jj*
rrclion, among other companies that of Begun l ’
reached Ihi* place. The Hangers will bn# 1 ,<D
they are to be found.