Newspaper Page Text
IS V S. ICOSE.
TERMS,
rhi- vfESSF.NGF.H it published weekly, on Thurfdy
miiiCi, at Three Dollars, if Nid withinth, year, ami For
T'nun if not paid till the expiration of the year.
d ®Hvcrtiicmtntt not exceeding twelve linen,will Im* inserted
Out* Dollar the Arttinsertion, ami Fifty Cent* for each con
. >.iinice, Advertisement* not limited when handed in, will
h .inserted till forbid. .
Wirt f Land and Vcgroea by Executor*, Administrator*
j Guardian*, are required by law t# be advertised in a
*..tilic gazette, rixtydaya previou* to the day of sale.
P r i,e sale* of Personal Property must be advertised in like
maU uer folly days. . . .
m J ,iice to Dubtnrs and Creditors of anestatemust be pub
‘‘irtfw that d |.Vpiu.ion will be nuidr to the Court ofOrditU
rrftirleore to.ell L,l>d n<l Negroe,ininlbe pubh.heil week
iv for four month*. _ „,, - ....l
vfonthly Advertisements, One Dollar persquare, foreacli
‘HSVertliin* a Candidate*,Three Dollar..
Cj*LK r r KHS on buiineH. mutt be post paid.
K. K. Sc J. It. 11l A KS
will. PR.CTISK IN THK SUPKHIOR COURTS OP
It 1111!, DECATUR,
JONES, BAKER,
BALDWIN, LEE,
TWIGGS, MACON,
RUI.ASKI, CRAWFORD,
DOOLY, MONROE,
. AND HOUSTON.
They will attend the Supreme Couttat Milledeeville,
Hawkinsville anil Savannah; Aniericus und Talbotton,
Deealnr and Macon.
Also, the Circuit Court of the United states.
ITT Optice over Wright’s llul Srore.
Macon, Aug 2f>. 1846. r ' nl -iL
“By their Works y* shall know
3 them.”
THE Dcnti.t office of I.OMIIAHD ft PUTNAM i again
open (over Strong Wood’s store,) for the actoinmoda
tion of their friends and the publie gem rally.
As their style of operating ha* been tested by the citizen* ot
Mncon for nearly a year, and acknowledged by the best of
ndees a* inferior to none, it i*hop<d that their continued
iicces* max depend upon PEW MAN ENT and valuable ope
atittus. **-•.’ w i yMacon, Oct 7.184 ft. 14
c. S. TAVI.OK X ‘I .’u. BLAKE,
attorney* if Counsellors at Ease,
NACOGDOCHES, TEXAS.
iieferenees:
Hon. T. J. Rusk, )
4lon. W U. OcHtt.TßEt,> Nacogdoches, Texas.
lr. J. I). Stark, )
Hon. BO.ie I’kvtos, ? New Orleans.
Messrs. Wrioht k Coopf.b,s
<3ol. F.rmnN Ri-ake, Maeau, Geo.
Se;H 83.14<i. __ jjgjg
1,000 SACKS SACT!
,he W “ hine !* I^.'DEMPhEY.
Nails Iron nail Hollow Ware.
r|Wl kegs Cut Nails,
15tons Iron, assorted I'txrim inches,
2.000 lbs Sheet Iron,
40,000 lbs Hallow W are,
2.008 4L*. Cast Steel,
1,000 fJ'fihtuan and Blister s
Knxq’ and lUfld Iron,
NOHoz. Hoes,
*4OO pairr Trace Chaius,
Received atdi'for salritiy E. B. .V EED.
Deo 17
WOOD & BRADLFA'.
M t.yjUFACTUWERS AND DEALERS IV
CAM* 7 ■:T l i It\HIKE,
ilulberrf -stretl,oppoiitt t tlie WashiusrUm llall, Mtlc&h,
,_-y. \*Tll F.RF. they knepfeonstantlvon hand,
Sjfji *v a general assortment. Tiiefblluw-
Itaffl ing comprise a part:
Mahogany and Black Walnut Dressing
fTJF/l/ Bureaus,
i/ jm ■ Sideboards, Centre Table* and Wash
9 E * Stands, with and**Uhoilt Marble Tope,
Card, Side end LalUes Work Tables,
*• i #hg"Av...il|ck Walnut afcil Cber.-*y Dining and
Work Boxes, Portable Desks, -Piano Stools, JRrtSS,
Divans, Ottomans, Qu.irltello Tables,
Booking Glasses, Looking Class Plates, &c.Xu,
CH Ad KS, of more than 20 diflerent patterns, MahOg
any, Black Walnut, Curl Maple, besides a variety of
“Stained and Painted,bot+i plain am! ornamental. Rock}
<ing Clmara, <rf Mahogany, Walnut, Curl Maple andufh
fr kinds *tf 28 different patterns.
BEDSTEADS, of Mahogany, Walnut,Cherry, Curl,
ifilain Vlaple and Poplar.
WINDOW SWADES, a lurge assortment constantly
<ou hand.
F F. A TlTEKS—Feather Beds.
MATTRESSES, of Curled Bair, Moss ami Cotton.
Ladies and Gentlemen, one and all, are most respect
fully invited eive us a call before purchasing else
where, as we shall use'our utmest endeavors to please
tooth in ijualrty Hnd prices.
To Mtnuf**-turer*-*- 4-'or sale, Copal Varnish, Ma
hogany trad Trimmings.
N. ft.—Furniture Repaired, Chairs ‘And Sofas re
seated with Lime and Hair CloTli.
<**. 7, |B*K M 4i.
MORE NEW GOODS.
GF.OIUiR M. I.OGAiS &l CO have just received
the hue* and bed! assorted stock of
I'iincy Dry fioodi,
that they ever offered for sale in this market. They
are determined to pell every article on as reasonable
terms as say lion sr. in the <ity, and will not bounder
sold by any. ITteir motto in future shall l>e. “Quick
Sales and Small Piofits,” —“Ctoeap Goods,” the wutch
word.
Greiit •iered for Pasli.
The following ace a few of the many articles on baud'.
Paris embroidered Cashmere Robes—very fine,
French embroidered Cashmeres,
Super plaid, and shaded (’ashmerea,
Plain Moms de Laines—all colors,
New stvie Polka Rohes—for Evening Dreracs,
Extra line embroidered .Muslin Rohes,
Fancy Dress Silks, rich and splendid,
French Worked Capes, Collars and Chemizettes*
Kid <■ loves, Twisted Mitts, Silk Hosiery, dtc., Fialf*
uels, Alpnccas, Figured Dimity, Black Bombazines,
AI pace a Lustres, Dish Limui Table Damask, Plaid
Ginghams, etc. etc.
iloi lit. Ciissimereg, und Vfstiugs.
Fine Cashmere Shawls,
Rich Brocade, 44
Black etnbruideied Tl.ihet Shawls and ITandk’s.
Fine embroidered Linen Cambric llaudk’s,
Purse, Twist und Steel Beads,
Silk. Buttons, und Trimmings—of every quality*
ALSO,
A splendid assortment of CARPETING and RUGB
low for CASH.
Also, a very large and handsome selection of
('liinu. Gluts* smtl Crofkrfy-WitrP,
which will lie sold amcli lower (ban usual—as we are
anxious to sellout and discontinue the business.
Come and examine these Goods before purchasing,
and you can obtain GREAT BARGAINS.
Oct. 7, 1846. 34
MILLINERY.
MRS. E. DE COCKERILI.E
MAS returned from New York, and removed t Cotton
Amiui ,o|i|MHke tin* Washington Hall, and now otters
th* a thvier wltittioii f
MII.I.IKCICY AKTICLEB.
*n I*** 1 ' 1 f Itilibnns, Klo*rn, l> n oth I alts, Caps,
F reach Worked Collars ; Velvt t and Silk Honwrls ; Straw,
Tuscan, Adelaide, Victoria and Kngli*h Pearl Braid ttonaetsj
Misses’ Kmi* nnlereil Hats, Chinese and Madonna do. ; Head
Dresses j Head Ornaments ; Shell Card Cases ; Polka Purse*}
<told and Ivory Knsorys ; Hold and Silver Heads ; Purse Silk}
<*i*jis, Fringes, Huttons, Zephyr Worsted Marking Canvass;
Perforated laper; Ladies’Hair UrauU; Cravats; Km braid*
♦ red Work Itaski t, Ike.
The Missive artn*let are of the most fashionable styles and
latest importations, and will be sold flir CASH only.
Mrs, DR COCK KHII LR will eontinae io bleach, pres*
and alter all kinds of Straw , Leghorn and Fancy Honnets, in
a style nnrqualltd in the Southern Country.
Oct ft 3tnS4
inilJ'.VH svki r OF w II l> <lll him
I II for ruiigha, cold*, asthma; inll **ny, :*. whooping
cough, apitting of Ulnotl. nntl nil pulmonary discuses.
BAILEY'S SAKS AIM KILL A —For all diseaaua a*
rising from an impure atate of dm blood: anil rheum,
scrofula, king’* evil, chronic rheumatism, dyspepsia
<1 is# tine* of the skin. bones, old ulcers, etc.
B \ I LEY’S FEVER ANI> AG TO ItKMEI>Y—The
•boat valuable remedy—entirely vegetable preparation—
•#d sura cure.
BAII.EWS AMERICAN VERMIFUGE—A atlre
•‘xtermntator of worms from the lyatain, in general use
throughout the Untied States. .
. hailkv s unrivalled military simv
l\l| CREAM—This article liaa stood the test of eight
‘ears, ami gained for itself a high reputation throughout
*he L. States Canada.and most units id tint world.
BAI LEY'S SI M DELI RLE INK—With
‘’jH without the preparation ; warranted the beat article*
Mfka kind in until
I’.f al<> by th. Dnitliti cpncritllv throughout this
r, "Uitr,on,l it whnli'.nlr mill retail by
W.VI. II \II,KY, I’nipriflor, AtMithrmrii**’ IIhII,
i-ornrr oCKillluii anil Sunil** .front..
Al*o for min |,y GRAVES, \VK)I> Al Mutton.
3,18 hi 4 !
Ctunrufir
. ru.vb.il/, (./ tiTV.n s t o.
EoiiuiiiMNioii Merchant*,
No. 15, St. diaries Street,
NSW ORLEANS.
H. KENDAI-L CARTER, >
DANIEL PRATT, j
July 23, 1844 40 _
SHERWOOD Ik PATTERSON, corner of Seeon and Osk
Streets, would ihform the public that they are prepared
to execute
House, Sign and Ornamental Painting,
OKAINING.
Imitation of Wood ilmt Marble, Glazing ami Paper Hanging)
Picture Frames made anti Glided.
OLD CHAIRS
tie-bottomed, Painted and Gilded ; Furniture V^rtasked
and Polished.
Sell-llnnuinK
dotie in the best manlier, material* furnished and warranted.
11l elegance and despatch, it i* their determination not to
be *drpa*sed by any cstabliHiiment in tlu South. Persons in
want of any of the above work, will pleTse give os a call, and
cxaihine specimens before engaging elsewhere
April 1, 1846. y 7
Lumber for Sale.
riMIE subscribers are prepared lostlw I.umber of any
_l sir.e or tlimensions, at their Steam Saw-Mill, one
anti a half miles from the city of Mactiii: likewise silts
or framing timber they will sell at their Mill or will de
liver in Macon or vicinity, on as favorable terms as it
can be procured from Qny other mill.
JOHN D. tJRAY k CO.
Macon, Sept 9,184 G. 3011
KENDRICK sSt CLARK.
KRF.I* constantly on hand, ROPE, BAGGING
. TVVINF,, SUiJAR. COFFF.E, SALT, IRON,
N AILS, HOLLOW-WARE,&c. Ate. all of which they
offer at the lowest market prices.
Sept 23,1846 y 32
RE 4 X COTTON
HAVE removed td W. B. Parker’s store, on Colton
Avenue, nearly opposite J. Cowles’ Fire Proof
Ware House, they hare in store and dffer for sale on
accommodating terms t
200 Pieces heavy Kentucky Bogging;
175 44 “ Dundee “
85 44 slightly damaged 44 44
50 Coils Kentucky and Manilla Rope;
till Bags Rio Coffee,
20 Tons Iron,
50 Kegs Nails.
1000 lbs ‘Lank and Boiler Iron,
000 Rs Spring Steel,
800 Sacks Salt,
20 Boxes Tobacco,
10 44 Henderson Candles,
10 Baskets Chainpaigne Wine,
5 Boxes Burgundy M
8 Casks Bacon,
Maeo*i, Sept. 2, 1816. 20
STATE OF GEORGIA.
DECATUR, 3d District. 7
Thursday , 20 th August , 1846. £
flirt E Honorable the Supreme Court of the State of
1 Georgia, met pursuant to adjournment, present,
their Honors, Jo&ph IL Lumpkin, lliraui Warner and
Eugenius A. Nishet, Judges.
Monroe Had Rtrt:d and franking Company, rt a/.
Plain tiffs iu Error.
VS.
The Rosjcetl Mtrtvfacturinx * CcAnpany, <t a/.
Defendants.
The same Parties, ‘f
vs. >
The same Parties. )
fly consent of the parties, in each of the hbove stated
causes, by their respective Counsel,
fc‘is ordered, that the said two causes be Tried togeth
er, and that the Judgment, and Order, and Decree of
re B o^i4tfiyd-f4fK , t rtnd be binding [ n each rar,
This cause came on to be heard on the transcript of
the •’Record from the Superior Court, of the county of
Bihh, and was ngreed by Channel, Whereupon,it iscon
sidered, and adjudged by the Court, that the Judgment
of the Court beloA be reversed on the following grounds:
FVrst.—Because it is the opinion of this Cohrt, that
the Dill holders had a paramount lien only on me Fund
raised by the sale of the RaQroad from iMacon lo Griffin,
and so much only of the Road from Griffin to the termi
nus, in DeKalh, was boift by the Monroe Rail Road 1
anti Bankfng Company, prior to the 2d day of August,
1842, and that the Contractors of the second part uoiler
ihe agreement of the 2d August, 1842, in the Record
mentioned, had ti prior and superior Equity to the Bill
holders to he paid out of said fond, in proportion to the
relative value of the work done hy them on said Road,
and materials furnished between Griffin and the termi
nus of the Kouff, in thecoTintv of DeKalh, and that the
Court below committed terror fn excluding said Con
tractors from a participation in said fund to the exient
of the te/atiee I tatue of their clafiu for work and labor
done, mid materiulsandequipmcntsfurnislied said Road,
between the city of Griffin and the terminus of the Road
in DeKulb, as aforesaid.
It is further the Judgment of this Court, that the rel
aiire ta/ve ot the Work ai\d labor done, and materials
and equipments furnished on said Road, by said Con-,
tractors,between the places Inst Aforesaid, he apportion
ed by three Commissioners to be appointed by the Court
below, with power tri hear evidence in relation thereto,
nnd make report thereon within such time As to the said
Court shall deem expedient.
Second. —Because the Court below committed error
in deciding “That the BAnk Bills should take each in
proportion to the value received by the Bank for it at the
rime of its emission by the Bank.” It being the opin
ion of this Court, that erich Bank Hill should take in
proportion to the quantum of consideration paid there
for nv the hopler or eUinihnt on the Fund, and that such
holder or claimant should state the quantum of consid
eration actually paid thelefor, on oath, iu writing, with
the right of other conteetihg claimants for said fund to
traverse the same.
Clerk’s Office of the Supreme Court of the State of
Georgia.
MILLfcDGEViLLE, 11 (It September, 1846.
I, Robert E. Martin, Clerk of the Supreme Court of
the State of Georgia, do certify the annexed Judgment
of the Supreme Court, in the cases therein stated, lo be
n true extract from the Minutes df said Court.
Given under iny hand and seal of office.
ROUT. E. MARTIN, Cl’k. fL. S.]
H 8188 SUPFKIOII UOI BTj
November Term, 1846. J
ill obedience to the forreoing Judgment,decision,nnd
order ol the Huiffemo Court of the Slate of Georgia,
It i# ordered by this Court, that John N. YV illbmiaon,
Eao., of the comity of Newton, Win. D. Alexnndef, Esq.,
of the county of Meriwether, and Charles F. M. Garnett,
Esq., the Chief Engineer of the Western and Atlantic
Railroad, be, and they ire hereby in virtue of thfe Judg
irTnt aforeeaid, appointed CommissiotierH to upnortion
in conformity to the taid Judgment, the relative valve
of the wdrk amt labor done, and materials und equip
ment# furnished bn the IVtOnroa Kniliond between the
city of Griffin and the teriffinu# of said Road, in the
county of DeKalh.
It is further ordered by thi# Couft, that if the claims
of the contractor# for such work add labor done, nnd
inateriitlrt and equipments furnished, have been transfer
mf| the pmmmUm tbaraofabalt ititf tba tjutHiltHi
ol consideration iictuullv paid thcrcf'ir on oaili; in writ
ing, with the rigid of other contesting for the
fund set apart by the Judgment aforesaid, for Ihe pay
ment ot debts or cluimaof this character, to tha
same, which said oath in writing shall he delivered to
tiie <Commissioner# aforesaid. It is further ordered, that
the Commissioner# aforesaid, de forthwith proceed to
the city ot Griffin, and then and there to adopt such
measures a# shall enable them fully to carry into effect
the Judgment aforesaid, ami to report their proceedings
lo the presiding Judge ol thi# Court, on or before tha
first Monday in January next.
It is further ordered by litis Court, in obedience to the
aforesaid Judgment of the Honorable the HupmiiaCourt,
that the holders or claimants on the fund sot apart for
the payment of Bank Bills, ahall, on or liefoie (ho first
Monday in Fehruarv next, file with the Clark of this
Court, (heir oath in w riting, stating therein the quantum
of consideration actually paid by each of them lo* the
Bank Bills so held or claimed, nnd ihal Robert V. liar*
Kielmrd K. Hines, and llenrv G, Koaa, Eaqrs.,
innkeotit nnd report to the Judge of this Court, a trill
and complete statement of what shall be the ascertained
proportion of eachclaiiiinnt.
11 is further ordered, that the Clerk of this Court forth
with furnish to each of the said Commissioners, first n-
Ibn-said, rt true copy of the aforesaid Judgment of the
Honorable, the said (Supreme Court, ami also of tbit
order.
It is further ordcreL that this order he published once
s week for fight weeks, in the Gazettes ot Millcdgeville
and Macort. •
And further, that Tn the event of the refusal of eithef
of the Commissioners aforesaid, to accept, that they are
requested forthwith to communicate the same to the pre
i siding Judge of thisCmrrf, that the vacancy may lie fill
ed hy an appointment ut Chambers.
\ true ropv from the Minutes ol Bibb .Superior Court,
November Bd, 1816.
HENRY G. BOSH, fTk.
Nov. 4, 1846. Bw3l
niCOIV, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 17, 1840.
FIRE PROOF WARE-ROUSE.
J , | I past lavHr, takflo this I'lrtli
/ m m Oil of informing hi, patrons, .nit
thb.B who may givo him Ihoir
husinrHX, that ho has (for lit**
teF aecutinj; their interests) ohtuiaeJ the heautilnl ami
well orrniiged
Fire Proof 1 Pare-House,
on Cotton Avenue, formerly occupied by J. Cow Lex,
for the purpose of Storing Cotton and allkind* oj ( oun
try Produce . He will, ns heretofose, give his personal
attention to the Ware-House, and pledges himself to
use every exertion to promote the interest of those who
nifty confide business to hiachfcrge. _ fTtal
Macon, June 24,1846. N. OUHLEY.
jo.yus A JfM9Tt
WARE-HOUSD
COIfIWISSION MERfIIANtS,
HAVE taken the Ware-IlouAC on Cotton Avenue,
formerly occupied hy MobLTKiE Sl CaWpbkll.
Their best efforts will be employed to promote the in
terest of their patrons. JOHN JONES,
WM. S. MOLT.
Macon, June 24,1846. 19
CO
If ‘are House and Commission
Business.
YV ,NN & SE ’ ‘' IOLIR wMI continu.lliß alm.c hit
▼ ▼ siness at the same stand, and solicit from the
planters a share of (heir patronage.
Macon, June 10, L-b. 17
FACTORAGE
COMMISSION BtJSI^FSS.
rpHK imdersiaru U relarn their gratcftol
4* 1 thank* to their friends and patrons
1 / x9| for past favors, and lieg have to ■ nfrm
them that they will continue to transact
j the above hiisinens in the cit) of Savannah,
under the firm of
HAMILTON, HARDEMAN X CO.
aiiil they hope, hy their zealous attention ml effort* in
alluaiesto promote the interest of those who favor them with
busine**, to continm* to receive a liberal share of patronage.
Our senior partner j Col. E. Hamilton, will, as heretoliire, give
his personal attention to the sale of Upland amt Sea Island
Cotton, aud the purchase of Goods on orders.
EVEHARD HAMILTON,
THOMAS HARDEMAN,
CHARLES F. HAMILTON.
Stmflil, Asftit Sk, IMd.
Comm Union Mu si ness .
GRAVES, IVOtlrt X C^.
TAKE thi* method tis informing planter* and others, that
iu addition to their wholesale und retail
Dry Goods and Grofcfcry Bimint xs,
they will continue to transact a gefit ral WARK-HOVSF, Ik
COMMISSION BUSiN ESS, at the old stand, Hong know n as
Graves’ Corner,) on the corner of second sheet and Com
merce Row, and would respectfully renew toe tender of their
services to their planting friends, and others, with the assu
rance, that those who may patronize us in this line of tiusi
ne**, shall have our be>t endeavors to do thetn justice and pro
mote their interest. Our Ware Houseis conveniently situat
ed ; and Cotton stored with us,shall He well taken care of,
and protected from the weather. We will also assist with
| pleasure, our friends in selling their cotton and without
charge ; and wrare at all i imes prepared to make advances
on the same in Cash or Merchandize.
We respectfully solicit a portion of the patrhhHge of the
public. GRAVES, WOOD & CO.
Edwin Graves,
Macon, July 2‘), lß4fi. 34
WARE- ’.OUSE
AND
commission itisixrsk.
siibscnlu r Mould mon respectflil
| ly inform his friends and the public
L W AM gene rally, that he has taken that large and
commodious Ware-house formbly kept by
Gen. F.llas Beall Cos., hut fhpre re> < lily
hy Ousl. y Jk Jewett, and offers nis services
as a Wart House aud Commission Merchant. Any biisihe*s
entrusted to Ins care will meet with prompt attention, and he
Would mokt respectfully solicit a share of public patronage.
Liberal advances made on Cotton in store with him. ~
WILLIAM M. ROBERTS.
Macon, July 29, < 24
GEORGE JE II •/. T V
will cdNi iNn: The
Witrc-lloikNC an*,
It IISiIM'SS,
\ i4’trohfcgt ofhisfrierils
xm a, ‘d the public gciUrally. He will
ANV'W'wiHHI occupy the W v art-tiohsroh Cotton Aveniu,
Bk;V’ adjoining Jobes Ik Holt, and mailyoppo
site Ros* Ik Broth* r* Sion*. Iu connec
tion with the above, he has also rented an
other near to tht one above mentioned.
* From long experience in the almvt- busine**, he hope* to
give satisfaction to those who may favor him with their
business. He will be assisted in the above business In Mr.
M. 1). C. JOHNSON, of Cullodeu,Geo,
Macon, August 11, 184d. 24
WARE-HOUSE
AND
COItIJII*MO\ IM SIM SS.
I . _ rpil K. subscriber having r nted theWari
r . j* I n.mim- ntly •< ■ upii by Matt* \
Moulton, situated on the corner of Third
and streets, rc*pertfiill)
inform his friends and the public, that
Ware-house bciiif remote from oth r build*
il*g*, i* iiiore secure and safe from fire than any other Wire-
House in Macon. Hi* personal attention will be given, and
all orders promptly attended to, eithefin selling ur shipping
Cotton scut to his care.
In addition, he ha* connected, a large ami com modioli*
WAGON YARD, where can be accommodated one hun-md
Wagons at a time. ISAAC MfcCRARY.
Aug 12, 1846. £Telt ffrapli Copy.J 2^ll*
/. T. CONNER
B I AS rented the WARK-HOt SK. in
TANARUS” g I the rear of A. J. Whit ‘• store, on
L AM Cotton Avenue. Continent that an mti
mate uci|uaiiitaiice with the hinnies* of
thi city f>*r the last twenty years, and the
fket clicit he is needy, w 1 I constitute an ap
peal to which he can add nothing, he submits hilclainistoliis
acquaintances and friend* , and a liberal public.
ADVANCES made on Cotton in store, or •litpuitiils to any
of the Atlantic cities, on ctistoiuary rites’
Macon, Abg 19, 1846. 27
O* The auhicriber having aaaociated liitnself in ili
above hiinihciM, reHimctfullv invitea bin friends tn give
him ft call. Thomas t. \vv< he.
GRAVES, WOOD <fc CO.
TTAVE just received frtmi the New Y ork miction
I E sales, 20 cases Kerseys, Linsey# uml IMuiur,
whiUi will be sold ut very low prices.
Al.so,
10 hiid#. H*-Crix Sugjrs,
10 u (’orio Biro and Muacuv#do Sugars,
12 bales Gunny Bagging,
200 nieces Kentucky do.
Rope; Twine, Aic. &c,
Macon, Nov. 1846. 42
OILS. PAINTS, ikC;
,)HH GALLB. Sphrm Oil,
wUU Hill “ I. *rd
100 “ Tfaift “
250 14 Linseed 44
100 ‘ 4 K. gs White Lead,
Chrome Yellow,
Chrome Green,
Venetian Red, Air.
For sale hv GRAVES, YVOOJJ \ CO.
Nov; 25, 1846. 41
IZATS AND SHOES.
1C) 4-t :iv<‘v YY oud A 4 O.
£V*x CASKS Angola, Hussiaj Moleskin, nud Nutria
Hats,
5 case# Men’s and Boys* R.C. Wool Hats,
10 44 Melt’s mid Boy’s 4’lotli, Glazed and Sertlett
Cap#,
10 44 44 ** thick black Brogans,
10 14 44 “ Russel Brogans,
20 “ 44 M Dined and Bound,
YVomrn’n high quarter Shoes,
Woman's low quarter Shoes,
Women's Kid Slippers ami Buskins,
Children’s nnd Vomli’i Shut *. Aic Are.
Comprising a general assortment of Iresh goods in this
line, wliH-h Mill be sold *1 a small advance, by On- case
or at retail. Nov 25 ‘ 41
TOR SALE,
lik BBLS Corn YVhivkev, pure—made bv flie *nb
llt scribe t. J. YV. HOWARD.
YVuiMctl .YOG lOlslicU !W>S| f for which
ihe bfftbest market price wdl In; pai<L
Nov 18,1816 40|f
From the Washington Union, Dee. H, 1816.
PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE.
The following in writing, from the i resilient ol
the Unite.! States, was received hy the hitiuls ol J.Knox
Wulker, Kaq., hi private seeietarv. nnd read by the Sec
retory of the Senate, nnd hii chief clferk;
Fellow Citizen* of the Si note
and <f the House of Representatives :
In resuming your labor* in tin* service ol the people, it is
a subject of coogi atulaliou that there has been no jieriod in
our past history,when all the elements of national prosper
ity have been so fully developed. Since your Inst session
no ntHiciing dispensation has visited otif country: general
gootl health lias prevailed! abundance hat crowned the toil
of the husbandman; and lubor in ail its branches is receiving
an ample reward, while education, science and the arts arc*
rapidly enlarging the means of social happiness. The pro
gress of cur country in her careet of greatness, not
only in the vast extension of our terriiorial limits
and the rapid increase of our population, but in resources
and wealth, out! in the happy conditioh of ouf people, iv
without example in the history of nation-.
As the wisdom, strength, and beneficence ol our free in
stitutions are unfolded, every day adds Iresh motives to
contentment, and fresh tncetitives to patriotism.
Ourdevout And sincere acknowledgments are due to the
gracious Giver of all good, for the nutnberleaa blessing.'*
which our beloved country enjoys.
B is a source of high autisbtclion toknow ilint thb relations
of tile United States with all other nations, with a single ex
ception; are of the most mmcible character. Sincerely at
tached to the policy of peace, early adopted and steadily
pursued by thiu government, I have anxiously desired to
cultivate and cherish friendship and commerce with everts
foreign power. The spirit ami habits ol the American peo
ple are favorable to the tiiaititainance of such international
harmony, in adhering to this wise policy, a preliminary
aril paramount duty obviously consists in the protection ol
our national iuteiests from encroachment or sacrifice, and
our national honor from reproach. These must be main
tained at any hazard. They admit of no compromise or
neglect and untlsl be scrupulously and constantly guarded.
In their vigilant vindication, collision nnd conHict with for
eign powers may sometimes become unavoidable. Such
has been our scrupulous adherance to the liictalesof justice
in all our foreign intercourse, that, though steadily and rap
idly advancing in protlpesity and power, we lidve given no
just cause of coinplaidt to any nation, and have enjoyed the
blessings of peace for more that! thirty year*. F rin a pol
icy so sacred to huiriamty, aod so salutary in its, effects up
on oiir political syslbui, we should never he induced volun
tai ily to depart.
The i-xistn g war with Mexico was neither desired nor
praveked by toe United State*. On the contrary, all honor
able means were resorted to to avert it. Alter years of en
durance of aggravated add uuredressed wrongs on our part
Mexico, in violation of solemn treaty stipulations, and of
evrtry principle of justice recognised by civilized nation*,
commenced hostilities, nnd thus, by her own det, forced ihe
war upon us. Long before the advance of our army to the
loft bank of the Kin Grande, we had ample cause | war a
gainst Mexico; and hail the United States resorted to this
extremity, we might have appealed to the whole civilized
world for the justice of our cause.
Ideem it my duty to present to you, on the present occa
sion. a condensed review of the injuries we had Sustained,
of the causes which led to the war, and ol its progress since
its commencement. This ia rendered the more necessary
becaaae of the misapprehensions which havb to gome ex
tent prevailed as toils origin and trUe cuaracler. Ihe war
has been represented as unjust and unnecessary, and as
one of aggression on our pari ypon a weak and injured cue-
Wiv. £>uch erroneous views, though entertained by but few,
have been widely and extensively circulated not only at
home.but have been spread throughout Mexico nnd the
whole world. A more effectual means could not have
been devised to encourage the enemy and protract the war
than to advocate ami adhere to their cause, aud thus give
them “aid and comfort.”
It is a source of national pride nnd exultation that the
great body of our people have thrown no such obstacles in
the way of the government in prosecuting the war success
fully, but have shown themselves to be eminently patriotifc,
and ready to vindicate their country’s honor and interests
at any sacrifice. The alacrity aod promptness with which
our volunteer forces rushed to the field on their country s
call, prove not tally their patriotism, but their deep convic
tion that our cause is just.
The wrongs which we have suffered from Mexico almost
eversince she became an independent power, aud the pa
tient endurance veiill which we have borne them, are with
out a parallel in the history of modern civilized nations.
There is reason to believe that if these wmr.g# ld
r -...i icstsied in tne nu,,;.„i a „ c e l the present war
might have beeri avoided. One outrage, However, permit
ted to pass with impunity. almost heceasdrily encouraged
the perpetration of another, until at last Mexico seemed to
attribuie to weakness and indecision on our part a forbear
ance which was the offspring of magnanimity, Hiid ot a sin
cere desire lo preserve friendly relations with u sister re
public.
Scarcely hfcd Mexico achieved her independence which
the United States were il‘e first among the nations lo ack
nowledge, she commenced the syateili ot insult aha
spoliation, which she has ever since pursued. Our citizens
engaged in lawful commerce were imprisoned, their vessels
seized, and our flag insulted in her ports, lftnoney was
wauled. the lawless seizure and confiscation of our mer
chant vessels and ilieirtargoes was a ready resource ; and
if to accomplish their purposes it became necessary to im
prison the ownsrs,captains, and crews, it was done. Ku
let s superseded rulers in Mexico in rapid succession, but
still there was no change in this system of dept edalion.—
The government of the United fftatea made repeated recla
mations oil behalf of its citizens, but these were answered
by the perpetration of new outrages. Promises of redress
made by Mexico in the most solemn forms were postponed
or evaded. The files and record* of the Department of
&latecontain conclusive proofs of nuinerouslawless acts per
petrated upou the property and persons ot our citizen# by
Mexico, and of wunton insults to our national flag. The in
terposition of birr government to obtain rediess was again
aud again invoked, under circumstances which no nation
ought to disregard.
It was hopod that these outrages would cense, and that
Mexico would be restrained by the laws winch regulate the
conduct of civilized naff-ms in their intercourse with ad*
other, after the treaty of amity, commerce and navigut n
of the fifth of April, tJI, was concluded between the iw.
republics ; but this hope soon phived to be vain, ih •
course of seizure ami confiscation of ihe property of our cit
izens ; the violation of Iheir persons and the insults to our
flag pursued by Mexico previous to that time were scarce
ly suspended for even brief period, although the treaty so
clefifly defines the right# und duties of t•e respective par
ties that it is impossible to misunderstand or niisatke them.
In less than seven year< after the eoiiolurioii ol that treaty
our grievances had become so intolerable that, in the opin
ion of Fresident Jackson, they should no Iribgcr be endured,
lit his message to Congress in Fcbruaryy. he presen
ted them to The consideration of that body, and declared
that “The length of time since some of the injuries have
been committed, tiie repealed rind unavailing applications
for redress, the wanton character of some ol the outrages
upon the properly stid persons of our citizens, upon Hie
officers and flag oftHe United fitates. independent of recent
iiisults to this government and people by the late extraordi
nary Mexican minister, would justify in tne eyes of a.I na
tions immediate war.” In a spirit ot kindness andiforbear
ance lie recommended reprisals a* a milder mode of redress
He declared that war should not be used as a remedy “by
just ami generous iim* ions confiding in th<Hf strength lr in
juries committed, If it can to* honorably avoided, nnd ed
ited, “it has occurred to me that, considering the present
etubarraaaad condition oflhat country, we should ad with
both wisdom nnd moderation,by givmgto Mexico one i-iofe
opportunity to alone for the past, before we take redress in
to our own linn is. To avoid all misconception on the part
of Mexico, as wed as to protect our own iiaMonal character
from reproach this opportunity ihofild be given with the a
vowed design aud full preparation to take immediate sati)-
faciion. if it aliould m*t be obtained on a repetition of the de
imind for it. Tolhia end, l recommend tliat an act be pats
ed authorizing reprisals and the use ot the naval force of
the United Snte> by tH** Executive against Mexico, to en
forefe them lo the event of# refusal by the Mexican govern
ment to come to an amicable adjustment of the mailer* in
controversy between us, upon another demand thereof,
made from on board ane of our vesshlsot waroh the Mexico.
Committees of both houses of Congress, to winch this
message of tins President was referred, futL sustained Ida
views of the character of th* wrongs which we had suffered
from Mexico, and recommended ilia! another demand for
redress should be made before authorizing war or reprisals.
Tiie Committee ,n Foreign iielatioiis oftbe Kfnnie. in their
report, say : “After auc.li a demand, should prompt justice
be refused by the Mexican government, we may appeal to
all nations not only for the equity ami moderation with which
we ahull have acted toward* a sister republic, but for the
necessity which will then compel us to seek redress for our
wrong*, either by actual war, or by leprisals. Ihe subject
will then he presented before Congress, a* the commence
ment of the next session, in a clear and distinct form ; and
till committee cannot doubt hut that such iniaiU'si wiM he
adopted as may be necessary to vindicate the honor of the
Country < insure ample reparation toour injured citizens
The Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Hep
reo'iitatives made a similar recommendation. In their re
|M>rt, they a#y that they “fully concur with the President
that ample cause exists for taking redress into our own ,
hand*, and believe that We should be justified in tne opin
ion ot other nations for taking such a step. But they are
willing to try the experiment of another demand, made in
the mMkl solemn form, upon thejust’n e of the Mexi-
ernment before any further proceeding* are adopted.
No difference of opinion u|*mhli# auojed is believed to
have existed in Congress at that time. The Executive and
Legislative department* concurred; and yet sin b lias been
<ur forbearance, and desire in preserve peace with Mexico,
that the wrongs of which w e then complained, and which
grve rise to these solemn proceedings, not oily remain un
redressed to ltd* day. hut additional causes of complaint, of
an aggravated charaettr, hv ever since been accutuulat
inf-
Shortly after ihesfe procrodings, a special menwntjprwas |
despatched to Mexico to makt* a finaldemand lor relr*ns; i
hiiiJ oil the twentieth of July 1837, the demand was mu l\
The replv of the Mexican government bears date on i lie J
twenty.ninth of the same month, and contain: 1 . assurances of j
the “anxious wish” of the Mexican government, “mt to de
lay the moment of that final and equitable adjustment whndi
i* to terminate the existing difficulties between the two
governments,” that “nothing should he left undone which
may contribute to the most speedy and equitable determinu- }
lion of the subjects which have so seriously engaged the
attention of the American government that the “Mexican j
government would adopt, ms the only guides tor ita conduct, i
the plainest principles of public right, the sacred obligations
imposed by International law, and the religious faith of t
treaties;’ nnd that “whatsoever reason and justice inny
dictate respec ingeacli case will be done.” Tlie assurance
was further given, that the dbeision of the Mexiean govern
merit upon each cause of complaint for which redress hud
beeb demanded, aiiould be communicated to the government
ui Washington. , I
These Solemn assurances, in answer tb our demand for
redress, were disregarded, Ry making them, however,
Mexico obtained fui ther delay, rresidelll Van Ruren, in
his annual message to Congress of the fifth of December,
1837, states, that •'although the larger nuttiber” of otir tie
mo mis for redress, and “many of them aggravated c; fes of
personal wrongs, have been now for years before the Mexi
can government, nnd some of the causes bl national com
plaint, and those of the most offensive character, admitted
of immediate, simple, and satisfactory replies, it is only
within a few days past that any specific communication in
Answer'to our demand, made five irionlhs ago, has been re
ceived from the Mexican minister-,” and that “for not one of
our public complaints has satisfaction been given or offered;
that but one of the cases of personal wrong has been favora
bly considered, and that but four cases of both descriptions,
out of all those formally presented, and earnestly pressed,
have as yet been decided upon by the Mexican government.”
President Van liuren, believing that it would be void to
make any further attempt to obtain redress by the ordinary
means within the power of the Executive, communicated
this opinion to Congress, in the message referred to, in
which he said : “On a careful and deliberate examination
oflhe contents,” (of the correspondence with the Mexican
government,) “and considering the spirit manifested by the
Mexican government, it has become my painlul duty to re
turn the subject, as it now stands,to Congress, to whom it
belongd, to decide upon the time, the mode, and the measure
of redress. * Had the United States at that time, adopted
compulsory measures, and taken redress into their own
hands, all our difficulties with Mexico would probably have
been long since adjusted, and the existing war have been
averted. Magnanimity and moderation on our part only
had the effect to complicate these difficulties, ami render
an amicable settlement of them the more embarrassing.—
That such measures of redress Under similar provocations,
committed by any of the powerful nations of Europe, would
have been promptly resorted to by the United States.can
not be doubted. The national honor, ami the preservation
of the tfational character throughout the wotld, as well ns
our own self-respect, and the protection due tootir own citi
zen*, would have rendered such a resort indispensable.
The history of no civilized nation in modern times has pre
sented, within ad brief a period, fl many wanton aitmkx
upon the honor of ita flag, and upon the properly and per
sons of its citizens, as had Bt that time been borne by the
United States from the Mexican authorities and people.
Hut Mexico wnsn sister republic,on the North American
continent.occupying a territory contiguous to otir own. and
was in a feeble and distracted condition; and these consid
erations, it is presumed, induced Congress to forbear Atill
longer.
Instead nT taking redress into our own hands, anew ne
gotiation wris entered upon with fair promises on the part
of Mexico, blit with the real pur|wse, as the event baa prov
ed. of indefinitely postponing the reparation which we de
manded, and which was so justly due. This negotiation,
after more tbjll a year’s delay, resulted in the convention
of the eleventh of’April, 1839. “for the adjustment of claims
of citizens of the United States of America upon the gov-,
eminent of the Mexican Republic.” The joint board of
commissioners created by this convention to examine ami
decide upon these claims'was not organised until the month
of August, U?4O. and under the term 6 of the convention they
were to terminate their duties within eighteen mouths from
that time. Four of the eighteen months were consumed in
preliminary discussions on frivolous and dilatory points
raised by the Mexican commissioners; and it was not until
the month of December, 1840, that they commenced the ex
amination of the claims of our citizens upon Mexico. Four
teen months only remained to examine and decide upon
these nuiflerous and complicated cases. In the month
of February, 1642, theumfiof the cohiuiiatiotl expired,
leaving many claims undisposed of for wartt of lime.
The claims which weie allowed by the board, arid by the
umpire authorized by the contention to decide Ih case of
disagreement between the Mexican and American commis
sioners. amounted to two million twenty six thousand one
hundred and thirty nine dollars aud sixty eight cents. !
There were pending before the umpire when the comrnis
sion expired additional claims which had been examined
aud awarded by the American commissioners, and hid not
been allowed by the Mexican commissioners, amounting to
nine hundred and twenty eight thousuud six hundred and
twenty sfcven dollars and eighty eight cents, upon which he
did not decide, alleging that his authority had ceased with
the termination of the joint commission, besides these
claims, there were others of American citizens amounting
to three million three hundred and thirty six thousand eiulit
hundred aud thirty seven dollars and live cents, which bad
been submilled to the board, and upon which they bad not
time to decide before their final adjournment.
The sum of two million twenty-six thousand one hun
dred aud thirty-nine dollars and sixty-eight rents, which
had been awarded to the claimants, was a liquidated and
ascertained debt due by Mexico, about which there could
be no dispute, and which she was bound to pay according
to the term* of the convention. Soou after the final awards
for this amount bail been itiade, the Mexican government
asked for a postponement of the trifle of making payment,
alleging that it would be inconvenient to make the payment
at ibe time stipulated. In the suinl of forbearing kindues*
towards a sister republic, which Mexico has so long abused,
the United Biatea promptly Complied with her request. A
second convention was accordingly concluded between the
two goveiHiuauts on the thirtieth of January, 1843. which
up.u ?l.s fare declares, tliift ‘ tnmiew arrangement is Miter
ed into for the accommodation of Mexico ” by the terms
of this convention, all the interest due on ill? awards which
had been made in favor of the claimants under the conven-
lion of the eleventh of April. ISJ9, was t* be pawl to them
mi the thirtieth of April. 1843, and‘ the principal of this
said awards, and the interest accruing thereon.” was stipu
lated to “be paid in five years', in equal instalments every
three months.” Notwi.hatamUng this convention was
entered into at the request of Mexico, and fur the purports
of relieving Her from embarrassment, the claimants have
only received the interest due on the thirtieth of April.
1843.and three of the twentjr instalments. Although the
payment of tile sum thus liquidated, and confessedly due
by Mexico to our cilif.ens as indemnity for acknowledged
acts of outrage and wrong, was secured by treaty, the < hli
gallons of which are held sacred by ill just nations,
yet Mexico has violated this Solemn engagement by failing
and refusin'* to make the payment. The two instalments
due in April an 1 July. 1844, under the peculiar circum
stances connected with them, have been assumed by the
United Btates.and discharged to the claimants, hut they aie
still due by Mexico. Hut this is not all of which we have
just cause of complaint. To provide a remedy for the
claimants whose ca:>es were not decided by the joint com
mission under the convention of April the eleventh, 1839,
it was expressly stipulated by the sixth article of the con
vention of the thirtieth of January, 1843, that “u new con
vention shall be enteied into for the settlement of all claims
of the government and citizens of the United Btafesugainst
the republic of Mexico which were not finally decided by
the late cominlanion. which met in the city of Washington,
and of all claim* of the government ami citizens of Mex
ico rigsiust the United Lillies.”
In couforinity with this stipulation, a third conventi t
wad concluded and signed st the city of Mexico on the fttltli
of If ovember. 1843. by the plenipotentiaries of the two gov*
ernmeuts, by which provision was made tor ascertaining
and paying these claims. In January, 1844. this convention
was ratified by the Benaie of the Unit'd (Males will, two
amendments, which were manifestly reasonable in their
i character. Upon a reference of the amendment, proposed
to the government of Mexico, the same evasions, difficulties
and delaya were interposed which have so long marked
the policy of that government towards the United Biale*
It Has not yet even decided whether it would or would not
accede to them, although the aubject has been repeatedly
pressed upon its consideration.
Mex ieo has thus violated a aacond time the faith of trea
ties, by failing or refusing to carry into effect the sixth arti
cle of the convention of January. 1843.
Buch is the history of the wrong* which we have suffer
ed ami patiently endured from Mexico through a long se
ries of venrs. fib far from affording reasonable satisfaction
for the'injuries and insults we had borne, a greataggrava*
lion of them consists in li e fact, that while the United !
Slated, anxious to preserve a good understanding with Mex- 1
icj, have been constantly, but vainly, employed in seeking 1
retiresa for past wrongs, new outrages were constantly nc |
curring which have continued to increase our causes of
complaint and to swell lh* amount of our demands. While ]
the citizens of the United States wen* conducting a lawful
commerce with Mexico under the guaranty of a testy of
•tainity, commerce, and navigation, many of them have
suffered all the injerirs whicu would have resulted from
open war. This treaty,instead of affording protection to
our citizens, lias been ihe means of inviting them into the
ports of Mexico, that they might be, as they have been in
numerous instances, plundered of their property and dt*
prived of their per oust liberty if they dared insist on tliei/
rights. Had the unlawful seizures of American property,
and the violation of personal liberty of ourrliitena. to iay
nothing of the insults to otir flag which have occurred iuthe
portsoT Metioo, taken place on the high setri. they would
ibeiifselte* long have constlfuied s rttnth of actual war
betweehthe two countries. In s ti long suffering Mexico tu
violate her most solerfitf treaty nbllftflinita. plunder ourciti*
anus of their property, and imprison their persons without
• Hording them any ruditss, we have foiled to perforin uue
VOLUME XXIV.—Ko. 44.
of the first and highest duties which every government
owes io its citizens, arid the consequence naa been, that
many of them have been reduced (vote a state of affluence
in bankruptcy. The proud name of American citizeti,
which ought to protect nil who bear it from insult and injury
throughout tlie world, had afforded no such protection to our
citizen# in Mexico. We bad ample cause of war against
Mexico long before the breaking oiil of hostilities. Rut
even then we forbm e to lake redress into our own hands,
until Mexico herself became the aggressor by invading our
soil in hostile ar.ray and shedding the blond of our citizens.
Such are the grave causes of complaint on the part of ih
United Slates against Mexico—causes which existed long
before the annexation of Texas id tbe American Union;
and yet. animated by the love of peace, and a magnanimous
moderation, we did not adopt those measures of redress
which, under such circumstances, arc the justified resort of
injured nation#.
Trie annexation of Texas lothe United States constituted
no Just cause of offence to Mexico. The pretext that if did
so is wholly inconsistent, and irreconcilable with well au
thenticated facta connected with the revolution by which
Texas became independent of Mexico. That this triay bo
the more manifest, it may I e proper to advert to the cause.-*
and to the history of the principal events of that revolution.
Texas constituted u portion of the ancient province of
Louisiana, ceded to the United States by France in the year
1803. In the year 1819, the United States, by the Florida
treaty, ceded to Spain all that part of Louisiana withio the
present limits of Texas ; nnd Mexico, by the revolution
which separated her from l9patn. nnd rendered her an inde
pendent nation, succeeded to the rights of the mother
countrv over tills territory. In the yhnr 1824 Mexico es
tablished a federal constitution, under which the Mexican
republic was composed of a number of sovereign Slates,
confederated together in fl federal Union similar to our
own. Each of these States had its own executive, legisla
ture. and judiciary, and for all, except federal purposes,
was as independent of the general government, and that ot
the other States, as is Pennsylvania or Virginia urider our
constitution. Texas and Cmihuihi united and frirmed one
of the-e Mexican States. Trie State constitution whirl*
thfy adopted.and which was approved by tlie Mexican Con
federacy, asserted that they were ‘ free and independent of
the other Mex can United Suites, and of every other power
and dominion whatsoever;” and proclaimed the great prin
ciple of human liberty, that ‘die sovereignty of the State
resides originally and essentially in the general mass of the
individuals who compose it.” To the government under
this constitution, as w ell as to that under tlie federal consti
tution, the people of Texas owed allegiance..
Emigrants from foreign countries, including the United
States, were invited by the colonization laws of tbe Btaie
and of tlie federal government to settle in Texs. Advan
tageous term* were offered to induce them U> leave their
own country and become Mexican citizens. Thia invita
tion was accepted by many of our citizens, in tlie lull faith
that in their new home they would be governed by laws
enact#* I by representatives elected by themselves, and tluti
t eir lives, liberty, dnd property would be protected by
constitutional guarantee* similar to those which existed its
the republic they had left. Under a government thus oi
gauized they continued until trie year 1835, when a miliu •
ry revolution broke out in the city of Mexico, which entire
ly subverted the lederal and Btute constitutions, and placed
a rnilitury dictator at trie bead of the government.
Ry a sweeping decree of a Congress subservient to tbe
will of the dictator, the several constitutions were
abolished, and tbe Biates themselves converted into mere
departments oflhe Central Government. The people of
Texas were miwillmg to submit to mi* usurpation. Re
sistance to such tyranny became a high duty. Texas was
fully absolved from all allegiance lothe Central Government
of A/exico front the moment tliMt government bad abolished
her Ktaie constitution, and in its place substituted an arbi
trary and despotic Central Government.
Much were ihe principal causes of tlie TeXan revolution.
The people of TeXa* at once determined on resistance, and
flew to arms. In the midst of these important and exciting
events, however, they did not oinil to place their liberties
upon a secure and permanent foundation. They elected
members to a convention, who, in the mbiuhof A/arch, 183t>,
issued a formal declaration than heir •* political connection
with tbe A/cxican nation has forever ended nnd thnt the
people of Texas do now constitute a FREE, SOVEREIGN, aml
INDEPENDENT REPUBLIC und are fully invested with all
the rights and attributes which properly belong to indepen
dent nations.” They also adopted for their government a
liberal republican constitution. About tbe same time,San
ta Anna, then tbe dictator of Mexico, Invaded Texas with
a numerous army for the purpose of subduing her people,
and enforcing obedience to bis arbitrary and despotic gov
einment. On the 21 si of April, 1136, be was met by the
TeXan citizen soldiers, and on that day was achieved, by
them, the memorable victory of Ban Jacinto, by which they
conquered their independence. Considering the numbers
engaged on the respective sides, history does not record a
more brilliant achievement, Banta Anna himself was among
the captives.
lu the month of A/ay, 1836, Snnta Anna acknowledged,
by a treaty with the TeXan authorities, in the most solemn
form, “the full, entire, and perfect independence of the re
public of Texas.’’ It is true lie was then a prisoner of
war, but it is equally true that he had failed to reconquer
Texas, and had met with signal detent; that his authority
had not been revoked,and that by virtue of this treaty be
cbtained bis personal release. By it hostilities were sus
oetided, Stef the army which had invaded Texas under bis
poinmanH returned in pursuance of th’s arrangement un
molested to A/exico.
From the day that the battle of Ban Jacinto wns fought
Until ihfe present hour, Mexico iias never possessed the pow -
i tfr to reconquer Texas. In the language of the Secretary of
Atate of the United Btates, in a despatch to our minister in
Mexifco, under date of the eighth of July, 184?, “Mexico may
have chosen to consider, auU may still choose to consider
Texas as having been at all times since 1835, and as si if*
coniimbMg. a rebellious province ; but the world has been*
obliged to take a very ditleienf view of the matter. From
the time of the buttle of Ban Jacinto, in April, 1836, to the
present niomont. Texas has exhibited the same externa!
signs of national independence as Mexico herself, and with
#jutte as much stability of government. Practically free and
independent, acknowledged nsu political sovereignty by the
principal Powers of the world, no hostile foot finding rest
within her territory for six or seven years, aid Mexico her
self refraining for that period from any further attempt to
re-establish her own authority over that territory, it raftnpt
but be surprising tu find Mr.de BocaiHrgra’’ (the Secretary
df Foreign Affairs ofMexico.) “complaining that tor that
whole period citizens of the United Btates, or iis govern
theut. have been favoring the rebels oI Texas, and supply
ing them with vessels, auimonilion. and money, as il the war
for the reuudion of the province of Texas had been con
stantly prosecuted by Mexico, and her success prevented
by these iutluences from abroad.” In th same despatch
the Becretary of .State affirhti tliat “since 1837 the Uniiel
Biaies have regarded Texas as uir. independent sovereignty
as much us Mexico ; and ibu trade and commerce with cit
izens of a government at war with Mexico Cannot, cn that
account, be regarded as an intercourse by which assistance
and succor are given to Mexican tebeis The wholecurrent
of Mr.<fe Boanagru’s remarks runs in the same direction
as if the independence of Texas had not been acknowledged.
It has been aekanwlenged—it wag acknowledged in 1837
against the remoiistranee and protest of Mexico; and most
of the act* of any importance, of which Mr. de Hoctinagrtt
complains, flow* necessarily from that recognition. He
speak* of Texas a* still being ‘an integral part of the terri
tory of the Mexican republic,'hut he cannot but understand
that the United Btates do not go regaid. The real coin
plaint of Mfhtico. therefore, is. in substance, neither Inore*
nor less than a complaint against the recognition of Texan
independence. It may be thought rather late t* repeat
that complaint, nod ts**t quite just to • online it to the United
Btates to the exemption of Kugland, France, and Belgium,
Unless tlfbU. B having been the first to acknowledge the in
dependence of Mexico herself, are to be blamed for setting
Hit example for the recognition ot that of Texts.” Ami he
able I, that “the constitution public treaties, and the law*
oblige (lie l*ra lent to regard Texas as an imlependei t
Unite, and lister itory as uo part of the territory of Mexico.’ *
Te*a* bad been an independent Btnte, with an organized
government.defying the power of Mexico to overthrow hr
reconquer her for more than ten years before Mexico com
nf'iicedlhe prea*ntwar against the United Btates. Texas
had given such evidenck to the world of her ttbility to main
tain her separate existence as an inJej eudent nation, that
•he had Iwen formully recognised as such, not only bv ho
United Buies. but by several of the principal powers of Ku
rope. These powers had entered into tfeatie* of amity,
commerce, and’navigation with her. They had received
and accredited her ministers ami other diplomatic agent* I
their respective courts, and they had cowmisaionea minis
i teia and diplomatic egenta on their part to the government
of Texas. If’ Mexico, notwithstanding all this and her utter
inability to subdue or reconquer Texas, still stubbornly re
fused In recognise her as an independent nation, she wen
none rhe les* sn independent nation, on that account
Mexico herself bed been recognised at an independent mi
ti<in by the ( mied Btates. and by other powers, many yrari
before Bpsin. of which, before her refo utlnn, she had lecii
i a colony, would agree to fe*ogni# her as such ; ami yet
Mexico was at that time, in the estimation of tht |civlli*ed
world, and in fact, none the less an innependent power le
1 cause Bpain still claimed her us a tsolony. It Hpsin hud
I continued until the present period H assert that Mexico
| was one of her cohuitea * rebellion against her, this would
not has* made lief so, or changed the f**t of her independ
entexisten e. Texas, at the period of her annexation to
the United Stales, bore the same relation to Mexico that
Mexico had borne to Bgaln, for many years before Apniti
acknowledged her Independence, with this important differ •
ence— that, before the anuexsiion of Texas to the I'.Biste*
wus t <nsounnated. Mexico herself, by n formal act of her
government, had acknowledged the imlhpetnlence ofTbfcns
as a tuition. It is true. iiat in the act of letngnitton she
prescribed a condition which she had no power or authori
ty to impose, that Texas should on annex herself to any
oilier Power ; but this could not detract in nkv degree from
the recognition which Mexico then made of her actual in
dependence. Upon this plain statement of tacts, ills ab
surd for Mexico to allege} as a pretext for ceinmeaciug hos
tilities against (lie United Buies, that Texas is still a pari
of her territory, ,
Hut there are those who, conceding all (his to be true, as-