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1 _ ■ MARSHAL NEY AN AMERICAN. ■ A long article recently appeared in Itie Southern l.it.-rary in which miny very plausible reasons are given ■i believing that the famous Marshal Ney, “the brave.t of brave,’ an no other than Michael Rudolph, of Lie'** which corpa diJ such effective service during the War, was born at Flklon, in Maryland, and hi* parents were Germans, or of German eitraction, fie joined American army as a common soldier, when he was little Bi iiiteen years of age. When he first aireated aitention, a Cipim ill Lee's cclehiaied legimcnt, which was up of picked men. 1779. he was chosen as the leader of the forlorn trope the British post at I’nulus (look was to be arts. kid. post was held hy a strong body of IS.itish and IL--ians. the conmiand of Maj. Southerland. 1 1 I.y in toll view British garrison at New York, and under such ciicuni- it argued no little audacity in the assailants to attempt But the attempt was successful. The fort was taken by and storm, and til. conduct ot Rudolph, at ‘he head assailing party, amply justified the confidence of his’i a short Innc after, Rudolph was raised to the rank of , and during the remainder of the war, Iris conduct, ir 1 was distinguished by remarkable daring, and a great for stratagems, next place where Rudolph is found, is in the war the Indians, in 1793. He commanded the cavalry’ Wayne, and maintained his high rrpulatiun. But it i that he quarrelled with \\ syne, anj re ignej Ins next tidings of Rudolph describe liim as returning alter tire absence of a year, and stopping for a night a’ of a brother Here he listens lo n domes ir re ol the most cruel and humiliating character—ul .to b indeed, as to determine him Dot again to return to Ins Ire disappears bom the dwelling ot his brother, without leave; and the next we hear of him is as an adventur- to sail front the Chesapeake, with a small vessel 1 1- tobacco, and destined lo St. Domingo, or to a port ranee. SBTbe next and last gleam across the career of Rudolph is us by the venerable Mr. Spalding, of Georgia, whose M ij Ltcklin Mclntosh, was a bosom fiiend of Ru and in whose company young Spalding fust beheld, H learned to know and to admire the youthful hero, who even then pronounced the bravest of the brave among j comrad s. H tells us that Rudolph wrote to a letter lull ol the French Revolutionary lire—fu I foi the rights of man m Europe—the ol jct ol was to persuade the latter to seek for fame in rcvulu- France. MelntO'h did not adopt the counsel, and the correspondence of Rudolph ends. The clu. ate cut point. wilh the tsroment of Michael Rudolph's disa; pear inee the rise of Michael Ney —a man distinguished for qualities in war which peculinly marked tlie gi inus —a man without education, but wi'b rare talents of character — bravest among the brave, and ejqutW skilled in stratagem. Michael is not a very ordinary and Ney is almost no name at all. A man, mortified pride and his affections, and going into voluntary ex well assume, for a name, a negation such as this.” is said that the suspicion of Rudolph's identity with is by no means cf recent origin. It wos cntcitaincd a’ early period, and by some of the first persons in A- Hia. i’inckney stateJ to a gentleman who had known Ru in Iris jiotoh, rhfvv vv1,.1 rc.iJwnv in France, as A met ■ Minister, he had learned that there was in the army of an American officer who had greatly distinguished him- K—that from every inquiry, not a doubt remained in Ins ■d that the American office: was his old friend Michael ■olph. General was restrained from pushing his inquiries, in France, from the fear that they might draw down ■i the officer the jealousy of the French authorities. ■Michael Ney was unquestionably the officer thus pointed ■ He was in Kieber's Geiniau Legion ; and Rudolph, i of German patents, at the head ol Elk, spoke the Gcr ■ language. The character of Ney was then dost ly an.d ----■ as far as the nrateiials could be obtained lor such a stu- ( several Americans. His career was watched with in- Bt. He was as we have said already, distinguished for I ■ eager spirit, his skill in strategies, his and. termined bravery, ; resembling the characterisiics which were ascribed to • ■ military reputation of Rudolph. Like Rudolph, Ney ! Ik an unlettered man. ■ when the news of the trial and condemnation of Miclikt ■fey reachid this country, a well known and highly res Bed citizen of the South, through the medium of a friend addressed certain inquiries, with ies|ieet to ■r. to Marshal Grouchy, who had then only lately reached ■ Shores. These questions were as follows : ■Was Marshal Ney about 5 feet 8 inches in height—a ■erular man, though not fal; of high, fiat forehead, gray j ■- straight eye brows, prominent cheek bunca and lan com- ! ■non ; —and did he speak English J” ■The reply of Marshal Grouchy affirmed the correctness description. He said ‘lt accorded with that of Ney— j. ■ he had served in the same division with Ney, b-fore they ■e respectively promoted— l/iut lie d>d speak English— ! ■he knew, and he mentioned, on one occasion, when : ■< English pusoners had been taken, Ney himself had ei- ! ■ >ed them apart.’ the same inquiries were addressed to Win. 1 ■,'rawford, of Georgia, who had seen much of Ney while Crawford's testimony on the subject of Ney’s i ■onal appearance, also affirmed the description given above, ■laid that ‘Maishal Ney seemed to Ire much attached to Belf and often visited him at bis hotel. He never apalte I B “ word nf English while in his presence, al hough he. ! ■ Crawford, did not speak one word of Fiench. The enn ■nces were conducted through l)r. dackson, the Secretary ■lie Legation.’ When, on bis return to this country.! ■wlord was told of Ney'g familiarity with the English ■uage, he was confounded—as well tie might be.” Ben. Lailrrr.and, who resided in the neighborhood of Phil ■phia about the year 1818, is said to have declared his that Ney and Rudolph were the same person.— ■emanJ, among other particulars, said that when spoken ■v bis enemies, in the Army of Napoleon, Ney was corn- B*-’ y called “The Foreign Tobacco Merchant.” That he ■erstood and spoke the Eulish language fluently, ‘.hero i ■sort of doubt. ronclu-i.rn of the subject the Messenger says: ■We have now given a hasty glance at the general p-e - which the opinion is founded, in portions of country, that Ney and Rudolph were one. It is n t ■rely that Ney spoke bad Fiench—but that he spoke good ■glith— that he concealed his English when with Ameri ■*. though he was known among the French to be familial ■h the language. That he was pronounced u toreignei Bong lire French—sneered at as a tobacco trader—believed ■ some of Ins most distinguished associates lo be an A n —and pos essed qualities of intellect, character and person with all that is known of Michael Itudolp’ ■insular, truly, would it be, if the greatest of Napoleon’s ■rshals should proxe to have been an American.—{/. S. Wfurdvy Vast. I A YANKEE IN A CANE BRAKE. ■ Written by ‘'Communipaw,” fir the Huston l'oil. Bluring a summer’s jaunt on the Chattahoochee, last sea ■. in one oi lire low down counties of Georgia, I tell in ■h a denizen liocn tbe land of steady habits who had wan ■rd into tins region for the purpose of disposing ol a small of wooden clocks. He had wen a great many curious B>g> since he had left “Aum,” but none that suiprised Inin ■re thin the alligator. IDs ponderous jaws, “long as L’n ■ lohn’s hand-sled,” and rivetted to his skull with hinges ■r those of a blacksmith’s vice, received Ins unqualified ap- Bbation. He was very anxious lo go hunting, and tlmik ■ that titcie nnglit be some fun in the expedition u small was made up. The company was divided, and it so ■'peril and that hit course lay along the bank ol a river in a ■ row path directly by the side of e dense cane brake. A ■le dog followed close to his haela, which, before he had far, attracted the attention ol a huge alligator. Neil to Big there is nothing that suits an alligator so well as a plump B. The “ti armint” swam swiftly up the stream, in wring ■ bank at every stroke of his huge paws, and was just pre ■mg In make a pass at the dog when Jonathan spied bun ■ith one “Oh! gosh I shall be killed,” lie started. It ■uld have done Indian Dick, or American Jackson good to Be seen the rare, With the dog close lo hia heels, the ■nkre lb w along the path, looking like the genius ul a hoi Bane, IDs bst came ulf. be thiew bis gun into the thicket, ■d dashed up the narrow path with the speed ul a deer.— ■>* alligator could swim faster than Jonathan and fits dog run. As the amoral neared the bank he inide praps ■lions for springing out of the river when lie had arrived ■ar enough lo seize the dog. Just at this moment the fright ■ed hunter discovered a path that diverged from the one he ■ns following, and led directly into the cane brake. Up this ,urnr 'l, with bis dog alter him, and close at then lid la ■lUwed the alligator, who had such a prodigious momentum tha water, that h* walked into the rano brake at a rate prorntsed toon lo make him tho victor. The Yankee hia d.nger ju.t in tuna lo spring into a tree; a small ‘j osk. iha uog quickly aaved himself; but, O! hor rible to relate’ a knot on the tree some six feet from the ground pieced the seat of the poor fellow's inexpressibles, and held linn fast. The < flints of the alligator were by this t me rendered nearly usete-s, in consequence of the narraw- J ness of the path and the great difficulty of moving on land. Fhen came the eyniifg moment. The unlucky clock ped las not knowing but alligators could climb trees with the same facility that they could swim riv<rs, bawled most lustily for help. “Slop the critter: kill the darn’d animal. I shall be eat up”—mid other cries fir solvation made the cane brake ring again. At this juncture, one of the parly who was within hearing came to the scene of action, and with the blow of an ate under the “critter’s” fore leg stopped his ca reer, and relieved the unfortunate Yankee from his perilous situation, 1 have had many a hunting spree both betore and since that time, where alligators wore game, but never hut that once have I seen a Yankee in a cane brake. Tallahassee, Florida, Jan. 19, 1817, IRISH COLLAGE- From an address delivered the other day in New Oilcans by the Rev. Mr. Ives, before a ineetihg for the relief of lie i land, we select the following interesting unccdote: The prowess and gallantry of Irishmen have been well tested ill many a well contested field, oven under the stuud ! trd of their cruel oppressors ; but the bravery, gallantry and | intrepidity of an Irishman can be best appreciated when he fights untler a friendly flag, or lor an allied neighbor, as is { evident from the brave conduct of the gall ml men who furm • and the Irish brigade, who preferred to paasover to thestand j ard of France, rattier than he incorporated wilh the army of pcrfiidious England, and who distinguished themselves in ma ny a hard-l ughl light, but particularly at tbe battle of Fon tenoy, where all hope was lost, wben they succeeded in re siding the honor of their adopted country, clearing the field of an enemy who, up to the last charge nude by this gallant ] brigade, stood immoveable against the repeated attacks of the I French cavalry. The general in command of the French army, on that occasion, was the celebrated Marshal -Saxe, than chum a mote skilful tactician or braver commander never ex- 1 rated. King Louis had unbounded confidence in his military , genius; but finding his troops unable, after several attempts to make any impression on Cumberland's forces, and looking upon ail as lost, he cried out to the general, “Saxe, can noth ing he done to save the honor of France !” “Yes, liege, re- j | plied the general, I have still a gallant, intrepid band, the ; Irish brigade, on whom ull my hopes lest.” Then turning lo Col. Dillon, of the Irish brigade, he said, “Col. Dillon, let \ the whole lr.sh brigade charge : to you I commit its conduct where Hilton's regiment leads, the rest will follow / Cavalry has made uo impression yv-. let the Irish brigade show them an example.” ‘Tis done, Marshal,'replied Dil lon, riofli rg his hat and wheeling Ins hoise, when he again nu t the eagle eye of hia communder, who said to him, • Viclo ry ! Dillon’—- or death ! replied Dillon ; and then turning to I hi ti-apgi ,e. he said, • Irish brigade, to the charge ! remember l,imenek /’ But on the first onset he received a death wound, sod f< II lisping tbe memorable words,‘Remember Limerick ! And so they did; lor, seeing then comrnauder gone, instead of so sad a spertnrle disheartening them, os is generally the case on the battle field, they rushed like tigers on the err my, swept Cun.herland’s columns before them,took rtic field, saved the honor of France, and dispelled the fears of Louis YIV., which, when Cumberland's master beard, he ex- j claimed, -Cu se the taws that deprive me of such j Irish subjects !” ESSAY UPON LOVERS. nr a laiit. In an enlarged and strong mind, love does not moke such havoc as in a weak one ; not that it is less capable of loving, but because it has more resource*. It certainly it the most powerful passion of the mind ; and, when there ta not the ca pability of other purauits, it ofien engro-see and destroys.— Fo die for love is no proof of tenderness, but slupiJity of mind and obstinacy of temper. The narrower the mind, the more it is liable to be destroyed by whatever predominates over it. If there were such a superabundance of tenderness that life itself ‘musi be the forfeit of its wounds, it would op pear also on o her occasions; but you may see people dying I >r love, who have nut docJily enough to give up a common argument. And why do they die? Because they have not -I rcilny enough to submit to the correction of disappointment. In violent mind*, love will he a violent passion, like the rest. Violent, ungovernable love shews the fury, not the tender ness of the disposition. A furious man loves furiously. He can scarcely bear the object out of his sight, At is mud when he sees another enjoy that attention which he would himself engross. But in the midst of all his passion he thinks less of cheiishing the ob ject of it than of gratifying himself. He would not forego his luve, though the misery of its object should ensue ; nor has he any idea of giving a happiness of which he must not par ticipate. The phlegmatic bve vary rationally, and take plenty of lint to consider whcthei every thing is propel and advisable, before they allow themselves to feel the warm emotion ; and when at length they have gently and duly made up their minds to be in love, it is always with such prudent reserve, that, in case of any mislinp they soon recover, and are ready to love again as rationally and as coolly as ever. The selfish and mean have their loves, and love with a thousand suhteifugea and stratagema. It may readily be sup posed that those people would be soon appeased by a good jointure for the loss of the beloved object. The volatile and fickle will love most merrily a thousand timet, and Lugh themselves out of it, without remembering one for whom they have sighed. The sensual love a great many, but soon forget; they have no friendship in iheirlovc, because they hold no mental intercourse. The morose love, and sometimes (for man is exquisitely various,) forget all their natural gloom, and become fiarmo : uized and tame, nay, sonietimja ridiculously elated; but na ture generally returns; and alter marriage the gay plumage fades. When a man of dissipation loves, it is often wilh more than ordinary tenderness and delicacy, because it must be something very exalied that can call home his w i!d imagination anJ concentrate those feelings, so much accustomed lo wan der. And this is the reason lot which the it firmed rake is said to make the best husband. Men of business have generally little sentiment in love.— They too often marry le make their home comfortable and secure, and then fore the mind of the lady is often not suffi civntly considered. If she have a tolerable fortune, they fancy that they have made just such a bargain as they wish ed for, tnd consider it wilh nearly the same emotion as they consider any other m .iter in the way of trade. The mt laneboly make Ihe most romantic lovera, and use ■II quaint ronceipts ol valuing trifles belonging to the object of their love, and are tediously interested about the smallest concern relative to the same divinity, which is alwava insip id A ridiculous toother-'. They love & despair, and love till they love despair itself, and fancy thunselves ten limes more in love than they really are. But this is an error common to a I lovers. The sanguine love very bountifully. They are not only liberal ot llieir affection, but they generally ascribe perfec tion to Ihe selected object. There is a continual animation in their passion, and those are the people who will quarrel and forg ve a thousand lime-. The impetuosity of their cnio> lions, however, renders them the victims of jealousy ; and though they love deeply, they are apt lo be troublesome, unless they meet with a mind ae impassioned as their own.— Yet they beautify their tenderness wilh much sentiment, for they have to high an opinion of the object they love, oi ra ther adore, that they think they never address her too highly, or show her too much observance. “THE BEST OF HUSBANDS.” This is a very rare enimal; but he is to be found. The eiit'enc of the unicorn has been successfully disputed ; and tint very handsome and graceful animal, instead ol being harnessed lo her Majesty's stale-carriage—as assuredly the species should be, could eight of them be procured—is merely employed on heraldic duly, namely, lo support her Majesty’s Arms. But the good husband—let all our virgin readers lake Jjgat'.—is not fabulous. We cannot, certainly, precisely mark his habitat. We do not think tbe creature is to lie found : al public masquerades, or billiard rooms, or in soiled boots, ; dancing the Polka at the Casino de Venus, de Bacchus, or tny other casino of any oilier disreputable heathen deity.— i Tbe habits, too, of the best of husbands, vary with the beet of wives. are best for one particular virtue—some for motherland some for virtues 100 numerous to specify.— Borne beet of husbands are always buying best of wives new gowns ; some beat, again, are continually taking their lietler best to the opera or play ; in fai t, in leu thousand different modes do the best of husbands show their superiority to the seroiul bent, and the middling, and the fine ordinary, and those merely good for families. But Mr. Brown, the best husband of Ihe best Mis. Brown, did—according to that ex cellent—in the most devoir and manner, display Mir paramount exrelle.ice of his maiital qualities. Mrs. Brown harielf. only on Thursday last, informed her dear friend Mrs, Biniih of the peculiarity that bleat hrr wilh the heat of men. Mrs. Smith had dropped in to talk of nothing, ami have a dish of tea.— j Mrs. Hinith had left her bonnet, muff, end cloak, in Mis. Brown’s bedroom, and was seated at Mrs. Brown's lira. Mrs. i .Smith put her hands to her head, arid softly sighed. Mrs. Brown—What's the matter, my dear ? Y’ou don't look well. Nothing particular, I hope ? Mrs. Smith—Oil no, nothing. Only Smith again, as usu al. Mra. Brown—Poor thing! Well, Ido pity you. What I U, Mta, Smith—Ob, try love, (had Club. He wasn’t home till two this morning, and I silting up, an 1 yes, but ynu arc x h ippy woman. I've no doubt, now, that Mr. Brown Mrs. llrown Bless you. my dear! He was reading the paper to me all tbe evening. Mrs. Smith—Ha! Mr. Brown is a good man. Mrs. Brown—A good man my dear ? If I were to tel! you 1 all, you would say so. In fact, he's the best of husbands, and ! one little thing will prove it. ‘ Mrs. Smith—What's that, Mrs. Brown ? Mrs. Brown Why this, Mrs. Smith. You wouldn’t once think it of the dcai, kind soul; but he's so fond of me, that all this bitter cold weather, he always goes up Inst to bed, lo warm my place! Now, I call that — Mrs. Smith (raising her eyes and folding her hands,ex cairns) —the best of husbands ! A* Curran, wben Ma ter of the Rolls, was on bis way to j attend a levee in Dublin Castle, the pole of the carriage be hind drove into Ins; when, potting Ids head out of the car j trage, lie called out to his coachman, saying, • Stop ! glop ! | the pole of ihe carriage behind has driven into us.” The ; coachman replied, “Arrah! then it's all right, your honor. \ (ot 1 have drived my pole into the carriage before.” We believe it was Horace Walpole who related the follow ’ ing anecdote of a gentleman, which he declared to he the most excellent solecism that he ever heard of. “Two friends were walking together, when they were ac costed hy a beggar woman. One of tbe gentlemen gave hei a bonus, but Ihe other turned away with evident sympioms ,of disgust. Upon the first enquiring the reason, the latter re plied—“ Sir, I cannot tolerate the sight of that hag. Fortner ! ly, she was a nurse in the village, and when I was an infant, I was committed to her charge, She was unfortunately the mother ot a child of my own age ; and, sir, inciedible as such perfidy may seem, it is the conviction of my fiieuds and my self, that she exchanged me.” The little “ Winlhropiana” is a ohm of a newspaper. We copy from its second .lumber the following : Rkvis wor tux Maukst. Corn is >:lat and the same may be said of sheet iron. Candles—The demand is lioiit, and feathers may be clas sed under the same head ; corks ditto. Fire-arms have oast orr well since the Mexican war be oun,having improved considerably since our last hefoht. Grain—Dealers in grain hive recently got cous-ered, which gives them a iixk appearance. Indigo—Dealers in this article have had the hLets lately and is feared some of their customers may dtk. Ladies’ thin Slippers, intended exclusively for home con •CMPTrorr. Parasols are a sutnr. lower. Rum —The sales are steady, which is far f r om being the cask wilh purchasers of it. Tobacco can be had at any price you ciikws. In ’the money market there is nocuAsox worthy kot-ics __ DOMESTIC. Old Federalism and Modern Democracy. The Hon. E‘ D. Gulver, of New York, in a speech upon the Mexican War, delivered in the House of Representatives of tbe United States on the 20lh ultimo, thus retaliates upon the Democracy for their continued slang about Uld Federal ism. But to the extract. The House in Committee of the Whole, having under consideration the Naval Appropriation hill, Mr. Culver after a few preliminary remarks spoke as follows: But Mr. Chairman, I lose mainly to have a little friendly discourse with some of those modern Democrats about “ Old Federalism.” I propose lo examine with what grace this charge comes fiom that side of the House. You will recollect, sir, as will all who hear me, with what nimbleness of longue several gentlemen on that side, when all other arguments failed them, when they felt the issues a gainst them, that their President stood forth a convicted usur per, have sought as a iast resort to charge us with the sin of “Old Federalism,” the “anti-War Party.” Among others, sir, ringing these changes, stood forth the gentleman from Alabama (Mr. Payne) with his u-ual quantum of dem ocratic thunder and tempest, branding us as “old federalists” —slapping Massachusetts in the face for her imputed heresies; so also the gentleman from Tennessee, (Mr. Stanton,) the semi-official organ of the Executive, followed in nearly the same wake. The gentleman from Indiana (Mi. Kennedy) reiterated the charges with great boldness, pronouncing us the “Old Federal Party elongated.” And then, sir, to show himself more courageous than ail who had preceded him, the gentleman from the northwest district of Ohio, (Mr. Sawyer,) comes down upon us with his sledge-hammer, talking about “lories,” “same old federal parly,” “same old coons,” &c., Ac. Sir, I shall pay my respects to that gentleman, and can vass his Democracy and his votes before I am done. Then, again, Mr. Chairman, the learned gentleman from Ihe Chili cothe district, Mr. Thurman.) you will recollect, attempted the entiie demolition of the entire Whig party hy his Old Federal” epithets. He fancied he had annihilated his three colleagues (Giddings, Delano, and Tilden.) sot their an'i Mexican war avowals; not by overturning their positions, but by large quotations from old “Federal papers,” and Fed eral pulpits. It was thought ceitainly that such a speech, and such arguments would avail; that it would redeem Ohio, save New York, and blow up the Whig party. It was “big Huncombe speech,” calculated for ciiculation, was sent large ly into Ohio; literally subscribed for by my Democratic col leagues, and sent into the river counties of New York. But strange to tell, sir, Ohio heeded not the “Democratic” mean ings ; she sends eleven Whigs and a half in place of eight to the next Congress, and even the Chilicothe district is to be represinted by a “Federal Whig and the rivet counties, of New Yoik, (God be praised) will present ill the thirtieth Con gress an almost unbroken Whig phalanx. So we would say to the Chilicothe gentleman, ‘a lew more such if you please.’ But, Mr. Chaiiman. one incident connected with these ex tracts, was both amusWig and instructive. They are nearly every one of them from “Old Federal papers’ of the two Slat ea, Pennsylvania and Alasaachusetta. from which we are left lo inter that the gentleman from the Chilicothe district had been cloistered with two “old Federalists,” now or lately in Mr. Polk's cabinet, Mr. Buchanan and Mr. Bancroft. These gentlemen from their early predilictions had probably provid ed themselves with copious files of “Federal papers.” But, sti, it is to be regreted that Mr. Buchanan omitted [by mis take, l hope] to furnish the gentleman wilh one more extract; that is from a certain “Federal” oration, delivered in Lancas ter, Pennsylvania, soon after the war, by one James Buchan an ; in which the war, James Madison, and the Democratic party are very roughly handled. But I will allude to this quotation when I come to canvaas “Democracy” hy Slates I should mention, ilso in passing, that among others my De mocratic colleague from the Dclawaic district, New York, (Mr. Gordon.) has joined in this cry, charging that, aa in 1813, so there is now a party fighting against tbe country. Here, then, we ate confronted by a great and poweiful party united by no ligament but the cohesive powere of plunder, no common sentiment, but the threadbare name of “Democ racy”—a party conducting ita entire operations on a system of demagugueiein, appealing to old issups, old names, and drawing the eye oflfreni true points, branding their adverse ries as “old Federalists,” and pluming themselves on their “Democracy.” Challenge one of them to aland up and de fend his Bub-treasury, “Ob, you are an old Federalist !” Call on him to vindicate hia taiifl “Oil you are an old blue light.” Press trim to aland up and defend the usurpation of his Pres ident, “Oh, you are the old anti-war party !” “Your father wore the black cockade !” “We are the disciples of Jeflir ■ in. the true Democracy !” “You the old Federalists—old Federalists!” These are the changes rung hy these croakers of Dernocra iy, till their chattering has shamed the magpie, and thrown the blush upon the parrot. It is amusing, Mr. Chairman, to see with what accuracy the tune has been pitched for these Democratic musicians—“ Old Federal,” “old Federalism,”— “blue light.” “Federal parly,” “Federal press,” “Federal leaders.” And then, “the Democracy,” •• Democratic party,” •’ Democratic measures,” “ Democratic administration.”—• These are the notes now being played from the highest key ed bugle in Washington, down to Ihe lowest pumpkin vine that loots in an Ohio cornfield. Yes, Mr. Chairman, such are the very potent weapons with which we are essailed, and Mr. Polk juatilied. In (peaking of “OIJ Federalism,” I wish to Ire understood s casting no leproarb on those who were Federalists; none whatever.— In those days, there were honest differences of opinion—hon orable men on both (ides. In 1801,Jrllereon said : “Weare all Republicans, we ate all Fedeialisli.” In November, 1816 Gen. Jackson wrote lo Mr. Munroe.eJtising the appointment of “Old Federalists” to office, and thus lo destroy “the mon ster of party.” For this advice General Jackson was de nounced by the Albany Argus, in 1824, and abused by Tims. Ritchie. The issue* and landmarks that then distinguished parlies have long ainre been üblittcrated ; Federalists and Democrats of those days have since, more or lese commingled with all parlies ; arid no man but an arrant demagogue, or one defending a bad esuse, seeking loeast dust in the air, and hiding the true issue of Ihe day, will attempt to diag up these exploded distinctions and brand his antagonist with these ob solete epithets. But *o it is, sir, gentlemen prefers this mode of warfare, and I choose to rueet them with their own weap ons. I said just now, 1 meant to adopt the Silver rule. If I “Old Federalism” were a sin, who is must ty/ntaminated with ‘it t If having * - Olff Feberalists in one 6 p rly taint it with political leprosy, where is the putiiy of modern * DemurT3- I ry ?” You are infected liorn your head toyour 1‘ e-*- An swer me a lew quest lona on ibis score. Who and where are the “Old Fideralist” that have come to your camp ! Wlial rewards ami honor- have you not heap and upon their head ! What a premium have yon paid ? Sir, beghn down East; look into Ihe State of Maine, and there you will find Kuetl Williams, an old Federalist, now transfotmed into a “Democratic’ Senator; elevan and to the . bead of the parly, his sms all forgiven. Pa s over to the Stale I of New Hampshire, tha “Switzerland of modern Democracy,’ i (and so it is, for, like Swiss troops they woik for those that i pay best,) anil whom do you find there ? Harry Hutihaid, an ; -old blue-light Federalist,” in whose garments yet remains the “ smell of the Hartford Convention,” now a democratic 1 Governor, Senator, ISuhtreasuier. Close hy his side stands Levi Woodbury, “blue” as indigo in former days; now Sen i slor, Secretary of the Treasury, Judge of the Supreme Court of the United Stales, all by democratic appointments Where, tell me, where have you buried the -ins of these “old blue lights” of New Hampshire? With what magic wand have \ you chang'd then Federalism into modern Democracy 7 Look to Connecticut, Who was Mr. Ralph I. Ingersoll, now Mr. , Polk's Minister to Russia ? An old Federalist. So were Isaac Tuucey and Thomas T. Whittlesey ; now the one is the detn j ocratic Governor; the other the democratic nominee for the -ante office. Take the next Stale, Vermont. What sprouts of “Ancient Federalism” do you find there, vegitating in modern democracy ? Ex-Governor Martin Chittenden, the man who refused to order out the militia when Ihe country was invaded ; the enemy of the w ar; the revilcr of Jefferson; hut he lived and died a modern “ Democrat; while his com petitor, Jonas Galusha, who headed his regiinont, and took the field, and became Governor, was an ancient Democrat, and died a staunch Whig. I commend these facts to the gentleman from Michigan (Mr. Chipman) who lamented his 1 misfortune at being “born in the Federal Slate of Vermont,” ! and his lamentations are fully reciprocated hy the people ol that State. I pass lo Massachusetts, the old mother of States, and the nursery of Statesmen. To whose special charge is m idem Democracy committed ID that Stale ? Why, sir, lo i one George B mcroft, an “anti-war Federalist of 1812,” hov i rewarded tor Iris Federalism, first, by a place in Mr. Po!k’s I Cabinet; next, hy an embassy lo England. Nor was Old i Federalism his only passport to favor; Ins modern “Aboliti on” avowals may have contributed to the same end. My | friend, from Ohio, (Mr. Giddings) is denounced, hy modern Democrats on this floor, as an ■•incendiary,” a • fanatic,” a | “madman ;” but, sir, where can you find more of what Dem ocracy calls “funaiicism,” in any sentiment uttered here, than j is contained in an address of George Bancroft, in 1831, to j the electors of his Gongiessional district? Speaking of the eliects of slavpry, as conflicting wilh free labor, he says : “We would noHntcrfere with the domestic regulations of ‘ New Orleans or Algiers.’ but we may demand the instant abolition of the slave trade in the * District of Columbia,’ and j should assist free labor lo recover its rights in the Capitol of j the ‘countiy.’ ” There, sir, is “instant abolition” for you. A pretty danger ous medicine, truly, as defined in democratic dictionary's, but veiy harmless and palatable when taken from a democratic tea-spoon. Next, sir, I pass into my own State, and I come to rebuke my colleague (Mr. Gordon) for treading upon the loes of his political friends—for his assaults upon “Old Fed eralists.” He had belter beware, else lie’ll see ghosts and hobgoblins at Ins bedside. Docs my colleague know old Ed ward P. Livingston, late Lieutenant Governor of the State, and senatoi from his district ? Docs lie know John H. Pren tiss, long the Federal editor of the “Cooperstown Federalist.” but late a Democratic member of Congress? Dogs he know Henry Vail und John P. Cushman, of Troy, John Fine, of St. Lawrence, Harinanus Bleeker, of Albany, and William C. Bryan, of New York, all prominent Federalists ; but, now, or late, high Democratic office-holders : Dots he know Aa ron Vandelpocl, who lived in the same valley of the Hudson with himself, whose lungs, when inflated with “Old Federal ism,” had the power of a compound blowpipe ,- but now he can roar modern “Democracy” up and down that valley with a bellowing that would throw any horned animal ol Ihe Dev onshire breed into the back ground? Such, Mr. Chairman, is “Old Federalism” transformed into New Yu-k patent Dc- 1 mocracy. I wish I could slop with my own State, Gut I mu-t feiry over to New Jersey, and there, si r , I run against Wall of-Old Federalism.’ This is exhibited in the person of Gar ret D. Wall, late United States Senator, the impersonation of modern Democracy ; one who boasted, at a period not re mote, that, “he sailed under the flag of Federalism, so long as that flag continued to float.” Close by his side sits his political twin, Peter D. Vronm, late democratic Governor, and recently the candidate for United States Senator. These old Federalists glitter as stars of the first magnitude in the Dem ocratic Constellation. But I leave the New Jersey twins with the Siamese from New Hampshire, and pass over to the Dutch Democracy of Pennsylvania. Here I must tread light ly, because of some who sit near me. What, sir, was ex-Sen ator W ilkins, late Secretary of War, Senator, and Minister to Russia? An old Federalist. Richard Kush, anotln r sprig , late Smithsonian agent under Mr. Van Buren. Who, sir, is the renowned modern Democrat that admitted he should -have been a Tory had ]ie lived in the days of the Revolution ?” All that saved him was he was not boin in season. lam too modest a man to call his name here, fearing 1 should rutfile Ihe feelings of a gentleman now in my eye. (Mr. C. J. Inger soll.) [Great laughter.] But this is not all ol Old Federal ism. The premier of Mr. Polk, James Buchanan Secretary ol State, was saturated with Old Federalism. So late as 1828, it is alledged, that he boasted of his Federal blood, insisting that if he “had a drop of Democratic blood in his veins, he would lap them and let it out.” Now, sir, he claimee to be the Boanerges of ibis self styled “Democratic Administration.’ To show you his old Federal instincts, and “anti-war bear ings, I must reler you to the extract I have bi fore me from his oration at Lancaster, shortly after the war. Had I lime 1 would read it at length. But suffice it to say, he here de nounces the war, reviles Madison for plunging us into it, reproaches him for imbecility, and for his flight from the] capitol when invaded, and slurs the Democratic party for their measures. There, Mr. Chairman, is- Old Federalism” simmered down. That was the sentiment cherished towards James Madison, the war, the then Democratic party. Virgin! ms may see the estimate in which their President was held by the present Secretary of State. I leave him and his friends, to digest old reminiscences and pass over to little Delaware. There I find Louis McLane. late her brightest Democratic star, but once obscured behind the cloud ofOld Federalism. General Jackson made him his Officer of Finance. Mr. Polk sent him as his envoy ex traordinary to the Court of St. James, and. “Old I ederalist as he was, he did for us what Mr. Polk alone, saved us from a war wilh Great Britain- Coming to the State of Maryland, I find Grayson> Lar roll, and Thomas, of the Federal school, changed t n *° prom inent Democratic nominess and governors, Highef U P than all these, I find there one Roger U. Taney, once a big*’ tederalist, said to have known something of the grea 1 Hillt more mob, and the Hanson faction, but more recently * dem ocrat! General Jackson's Attorney General, then his Secre tary of Slate, and now Chief Jnslice of the United Slat*' I *- Sir, I make this allusion to Judge Taney in no unkind h’t'l ing. I have the highest respect for his integrity, past aMl * - present, his talents and his consistency. But I am try ,,, B Derm>crary by its own rules, curing it by ita own perscription* But I beg pardon. I had like to have forgotton the State of Michigan. She boasts of s modern Democrat, [Lxwia Cass] who is said to he cherishing high aspirations. But, right sorry am I to learn, that the disc of his morning sun was par tially obscured by “Old Federalism.” I have the authority ! from Niles’ Register, vol. 47, p. 18. There, sir, I find it sta- ‘ ted expressly, that— “ His father was a very ardent federalist, even for those days, (1800;)” that he (the present Gov. Cass) “wts a pre- ‘ ceptor of a grammar school in Wilmington, and always ap peared with the ■black cockade’ in his hat.” I commend these choice relics lo the twe gentlemen from Ohio, (Messrs. tSnwyer and Thurman) they will serve for a second edition of their “Anti-Fedoral” speeches when their favorite is nominated for the Presidency. Now, Mr. Chairman, time would fail mr In go through Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia, and complete my researches after Old Federalists, now in the Democratic ranks. As to the new Btates, Mississippi, Ala bama, Misaouii. Illinois, Floiida and Trias, now s clamor- ‘ oils for modern Democracy, it i* sufficient to aav that, amid the strifes and conflicts of 1812, they had not cracked the egg shrll of their Democracy—their political pin feathers have come nut long since tint time, otherwi-e they would have furnished their “federal” quota in the modern flock. I call on gentlemen over the wav to tell me, if Old Federal- ; ism was such a stain, such a curse upon the men affected bv it, how stands your patty 1 Why did General Jackson rail one-third of bis cabinet from Federal ranks? Why did Mi. Van Buren do tbe same ? Why did Mr. Polk, the quintes sence of modern Democracy, place an old and unrepenting Federalist first, and another one third in his Cabinet? Could he not find material for Ins first cabinet without drawing fiom those old ranks, thus offering a premium for “Federal pollu tion ?” It would seem that a man must have been an “Old Federalist, to qualify him lo represent Mr. Polk at tho Court of St. James. He ha* chosen none othor, having sent two j tederalista In aucreision, Mr. McLane and Mr. Bancroft?— Ilow do you account for all this “Federal” predilection ? Do I hear some spunky Democrat whispering “they have chang ed, they have repented /” I deny it. Give me the evidence ! of their repentance. Not a mother’s ton of them lias ever re pented. Tell me when and where Jamra Buchanan, George j Bancroft, Aaron Vauderpoel, or Levi Woodbury, have ever i backed one iota from ibeir former positions? Where D the the evidence that they do not think of James Madison, of the war, of ancient Democracy, now as they did in 1812? If, in your chaste vocabulary, it is political leprosy to have “Old Federalists” in the parly, or even to have been one, then 1 charge you with being more diseased than Naaman, the lep er , and instead of washing, as he did, seven times in Jordan, you ought to dip seventy times seven in (loose Creek, near this Capitol; aad sure um 1, if you did, no animal would drink the water below and live, [ A laugh.] I beg pardon, I onjy meant political pollution. Mr. Chairman, these re marks may seem harsh and uncourteous; they would bo so, were I not talking to Democrats in their own dialect. With such Indian antagonists I must use the tomahawk. They must be cured by their own medicine. Correspondence of the Charleston Courier, WASHINGTON, March 2. This has been another very remarkable day in Congress— remarkable for the display of Mr. Denton's ferocious hostility to Mr. Calhoun. The scene that we had was a continuation of the Benton assault of the last week on Mr. Calhoun. Mr. Hannegan called up a resolution to pay SIO,OOO for the publication of reports of the Senate speeches and proceed ings during the next Congrees. Mr, Benton moved its lef erence to a Select Committee, which was lost. The Calhoun men, all the whigs, and some few of the regular democrats, were in favor of the project, and Mr. Benton, Mr. Niles, Mr. Cameron, Mr. Houston, und seven or eight others, vehement ly opposed it. Mr. Webster and Mr. K. Johnson endeavored to hasten the third leading of the resolution, but without dny success, for Mr. Benton declared, that solitary and alone he would stand there and resist it till the end of the §e~si >n. Mr. Ben ton odered various amendments to the resolution, without success, and merely to cot sume time--calling for the yeas and nays on each, lie had Senators enough with him to cull the yeas and nays—one fifth present. Mr. K. John-on reminded the {Senator from Mo., for whom he said he had a deep respect, that by pursuing this course the public business would be delayed, and finally many im por.ant bills would be lost. The Senator wg a friend to the Administration, and would not ceitainly take upon himself the responsibility of defeating the important bills before the two Houses. There was ihe Military Organization Bill, which provided for the appointment of a general officer to conduct the war in Mexico, and for which he (Mr. J ) intended to vote. Would the Senator hazaid the loss of that hill 1 Mr. Benton considered, he said, that he wag doing his du ty in resisting this project of infamy. He knew all about it, and if the Senate would give him a Committee he would ex pose it. But he would not suffer this resolution to pass at this session. The lesponsihility of defeating puolic measures he would put on others who insisted upon the passage of this infamous scheme of plunder. Mr. Benton filially explained that he was advised, and could prove that this r* porting proj eet was to be the basis of a villainous partisan newspaper, to he established to abuse him (Mr. B ) and the Administration. Mr. Benton evidently was under the impression that the scheme was connected with a Calhoun newspaper, lleruv cd whenever he alluded to this project, which may perhaps be only imaginary. Hatred of Mr. Calhoun is Mr. Benton’s monomania. At length Mr. Hannegan said something in self J. fence, as ! the mover of this resolution—disclaiming anv knowledge of i the newspaper concern alluded to by Mr. Bontoe, and com plaining of the charges of “infamy,” “plunder,” &c., made by the Senator from Mo. Mr. H. said, when the sun rose this morning, he loved the Senator much, and would have ! preferred him to any man living for the Presidency. How it would he when the sun set he could not fell. Mr. H. brought to the notice of ihe Senate Mr. B‘s project to print 50,000 copies of a big map—the object of which wus to glorify his son-in-law, Col. Fiemorit. ‘Phis aeemed to cut Mr. B. to the quick. After some words, Mr. Benton finally cut off, us he said, by a single blow, all personal and political connexion with, or friendship for the Senator. “Auien.” said Mr. Hannegan | “The woid is said.” • Yes, said Mr. Benton—cut off forever. Mr. Hannegan— “When did the Senator ever entertain any personal kindness towards any living thing where personal selfishness was not at the bottom of it V* A deep sensation prevailed, and some applause in the gal leries burst forth. Mr. Benton laughed and sneered, ironically. The Senate then took a recess till 6, P. M. Mr. Benton was in a bad situation—he said himself, the most painful one in which he was ever placed in his life. He was brought into it by his mad and senseless enmity to wards Mr. Calhoun. From six o’clock till ten, Mr. Benton continued the con flict, and in the course of it, bad to withstand sonic severe ; shot-* from Mr. Hannegan and Mr. Butler. Mr. Hannegan alleged that Mr. Benton had not known all j day. what he was about. He (Mr.#l.) began to think, with ! Gen. Jackson, that the explosion on board of the Princeton ! had knocked the Senator’* brains out. Mr. Benton, in making a point of order on this subject, 1 said that the Senator intimated that Ue (Mr. B.) had been > drank ail day. Mr. Hannegan had no such thought. He had sren the i Senator drunk but once, and he thought it became him well. . It was the night after the passage of the expunging resolution, j In the course of the squabble, Mr. Calhoun took occasion J to say that it tfiis project was to le connected with any partv ; | press, he would be the last man here to vote for it. But he i did not believe it, and it was disclaimed by every one. j An amendment was adopted, providing that the paper con- l I taining the Senate Reports,should not bo connected with any ; newspaper. The resolution at 10 or II o'clock was ordered to a Child j reading, with Mr. Benton's permission. To-morrow, it will come up for its passage. Conferences were held on disagreeing votes between the two Houses, as to various appiopriations. The House has been engaged to-night in a vain attempt to pass the three million bill. 1 he whigs and a number of democrats have determined to defeat it by the customary tactics of minorities—to wit. draw and leave the Committee without a quorum. | If roay puss to-morrow, but vrjJl not to-night. !*• B. The House adjourned without being able to t&ke up the three m-llioo bill. I he military organization hill was taken up in the Senate, and the House amendments were disagreed to, including the proviso for the appointment of a Lieut. General. The bill went back accordingly. Mr. Boyd moved that the House insist on their amendments. * i Mr. Holmes, of 8. C., made an amusing speech against i the provision for a Lieut. General, i be House, as soon as he concluded, adjourned, Laving the question pending. APPOINTMENTS UV THE PRESIDENT, fly and with the advice and consent of the Senate. Daviii Tod, of Ohio, Envoy Extraordinary anil Minister Plenipotentiary near hi, Muj.sly the Emperor of Brazil, vice Henry A. Wise, recalled at his own request. Jons K, Clat, Charge d'AH.iirs at Peru. Ricbabd Rush, of Pennsylvania, Envoy Extraordinary and Minuter Plenipotentiary to In* Majesty the King ul France. Gkorok W. Hopkins, of Virginia, Charge de A Hairs of the Unitbd State* to the Queen of Portugal, MAJOR GENERA!,*, Thomas Hart Bknton. of Missouri, William Cum mix/, of Georgia, BRIGADIER GENERALS. Giorok Cadw alaiisr, of Pennsylvania. Rial D. Hoeriau, of New Yoik. Franklin Fierce, of New Hampshire. GENERAL TAYLOR.’ A correspond’ ut of an eu.iern puptr give* the following account of the luhit. of Gen. Taylor : I once had occtiaion, about a*day was breaking one morn* ing, to call upon the commander.in-chief. I inquired for the general —his man, Piter Rush, (all the world in this country know* Pelx-r,) told mo that he was in his tent.— I There being no door to rap at, I was forced to ilnuxt my head between the folds at the opening, but could sec no per son. I drew hark and told Peter the general was not in there. •He ia in bed.’ suidPolcr; ‘look down by the aide of the trunk. , I returned a second lime, and urc enough found the general rolled up in a blanket, with nothing to keep him from the ground but a bulru.li mat, common in tin* coun try. He was asleep, i called him by name, and he sprang up on Ida mat,* with ‘Come in, rotno in air,’ He sat up, gave me such instructions as my htMirtiK* requi red, and upon my apologizing for disturbing hiui so early, It* cut me short by saying quickly, ‘Not at all. not *l oil ; cxtnre at all hours, come at all houis, sir.’ There was an open frankneas ■ straight forward way of doing business, that can’t be lon much admired, and allowed conclua.vcly that he was no friend Jo ‘aluck up people,’ as Ihe women say. Upon my leaving, he remaiksd, as he ad justed bis pjllow, that be believed ho would go to sleep a. gain, us he had been kept up until 3 o’clock. As l stepped out ,an olhcer met me anil asked me if the general was up.— Before 1 had time to reply, • Yes, como iu sir,’ was the re sponse. t. omparatitk \ alce.— While corn in England is worth two dollars and aixteen cents a buahel ; it brings but lilile more than nine centa it *’ * cf Illinois. r r im the JsjUonnl Intelligencer. March 4. END OF THE TWENTY-NINTU CONGRESS. This morning, at one o’clock, the Senate and House of Represent stives were udjourned sine die by iheir Presiding Officers ; and, before tins paper reaches the hands ~| our readers, two-thuds of the members of Loth bodies are on the way to ill ir respective homes. We have taken unusual pains to obtain the List of all the Acts pa sand during the Session, which will he found in i| )( , next columns, ft is hoped that it is enlnely correct ; but it is certain that no act huspassed which is uoi to be found in the List, ‘Pile Annual Appropriation Bills have all become law., though not wiihuut a severe struggle between Hie two Hull’ ses upon t lie amendments muds to the Civil and Diplomatic Bill by llie Senate, s .me of which were agreed to, ami otheis rejected or compromised. The Three Million Bill (without the restriction against slavery in any t. rritory which may be acquired from Mexico) has become a law, but in a form dille.enl from what was originally proposed: and, as the ait is one of considerable I impoi lance, we have thought it proper to place hefoie our I readeis ut once a copy ol ii, as follows : AN ACT appropriating three millions ol dollars, to enable the President to conclude a tiealy of peace and limits with Mexico. lie it enucled by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That whereas a slate of war now exists between the United Stales and the Republic of Mexico, which it is desirable should be speedily terminated upon lennsjust and honorable to both nations; aid wheieaa assurance* have heretofore I been given to the Government ot Mexico that it was the de sue ol ihe President to settle all qucsiions between the two I countries on the most liberal and satisfactory terms, accord i Uig to the rights of each and the nmlual intcicsts anl securi ty of the two countries; and whereas the President may be aide to conclude a tieaty of peace with the Republic ol Mex ico prior to the next ses-ion of Congress, if means for that object are at bis disposal; and whereas, in the adjustment of si many complicated questions us now exist between Ihe two countries, it may possibly happen that an expenditure of money will be called for by Ihe stipulations of any treaty which may he entered into; therefore ihe sum of Three Mil lions of Dollars be, and the same is hereby appropriaied. out of any money in the I reasury not otherwise appropriated, to enable I lie President to conclude a treaty of peace, limits and boundaries wilh ihe Republic of Mexico, to be used bv him in the event that said treaty, when signed by the author ized agents of the two Governments, and duly ralitied by Mexico, shull call for the expenditure of the same, or any part thereof; full and accurate accounts for winch expendi ture slijill be by him transmitted to Congress at as early a day as practicable. JOHN W. DAVIS, Speaker of the House of Representatives. G. M. DALLAS, Vice l'resident of the United States and I'restdtnl of the Senutp. Approved, Match 3, 1817. JAMES K. POLK. The bill authorizing the appointment of additional Geueial and oilier Officers in the Army has become a law, after a coolest between the two Houses, which ended in a rejection of llie amendment of the House of Representatives for giving to the President authority to appoint a Commanding Gener al (to supersede, nf course, the present Commander) of thu Army now in the field. The lfarhor Bill, (involving appropriations to the amount of less Ilian half a million of dollars.) w hich passed the House of Representatives some days a.o and pas-ed Ihe Senute yes terday morning, is understood to have been retained in Ihe hands ol the President, and faibd in become a law. Its tw in sister, however, (the Lighthouse Bill.) lias been approved. The Amendatory Subtria.u'y Bill, reported some weeks ago by Mr. Dromgoole, was taken up during the silting of yesterday, was amended by appending thereto the bill piovi ding for ihe establishment of a Branch Mint in the city of New Yoik, but failed by a single objection being made to acting upon it in Senate. The Senate bill to appropriate half a million of dollars, in ihe name of the People of the United States, towards the re lief of the suffe ers by famine in Ireland, met the fate which we anticipated when we heard of its commitment, in the House of Representatives, to Ihe Committee ot Wavs and Means. It has not been beard of since ; and thus the hsnev olent purpose of the mover and suppotlers of that measure has been defeated. Gen. Scott’s Staff. —The following officers constitute the Staff of Gen. Scott, viz: Department of Orders.— First Lieut. H. L. Scott, full In fantry , aid de ramp and acting assistant sdj itani general; !st Lieut. T. W illisms, 4th Artillery, aid de camp; Ist Lieut. ! E. P. Scammon, Topographical Engineers, acting aid da | camp; and 2d Lieut. G. W. Lay, G:h Infantry, military sec | retary. Central Stuff Officers. —l.icut Col. E. A. Ilitclirhcock, ■LI Infantry, acting inspector grneial; Capt. James Monroe, tith Inlantiy. acting assistant inspector general; Col. J. G. Pulton, chief of Corps of Enginters; Muj. \V. Turnbull, act ing chicl of Topographical Engineers; Capt. B, Huger, act ing chief nf Ordinance; Maj. hi. McKee, acting chief of the Quarter Muster's Department ; Capt. J. B. Grayson, acting chief of the Subsistence Department, Maj. E Kirby, acting j chief of the Pay Department; and Surgeon Gen. T. Lawson, chief of the Medical Department. I be senior officer of Artillery, Col, J. Bankhead. 2d Artil* | lery, will enter upon the duties of chief of Artillery as soon as theie shall he occasion for planting heavy batteries. ” Masiiv ami Dixon's Link.” —What wastbeorlgln and purpose of it T Y\ e bear it frequently spoken of as connect ed with slavery, and as originally relating to that subjpet. No thing can be further from the Irulli—at ihe time that line was established, slavery existed on both sides ol it. A brief ac count ot its origin may be of some interest just at Ibis time. As early as the year 1082 a dispute arose between William Penn and Lord Huliiniore, respecting the construction of their rPßpenive grants, of what now fotm the States of Pennsylva nia, Delaware, and Maryland, Lord Baltimore claimed to, and including, the 40ih degree of North latitude ; and Win. I’enn, mildly,yet firmly, resisted the claim. The debateshle land was one degree of 69 English miles on the south of Penn sylvania, and extended west as far as the State itself. The matter was finally (nought into Ihe Court of ( haneery in England, and alter tedious delays on llie Islh day of May, 17.70, Lord Chancellor Hardwick made a degree, awarding costs against Lord Baltimore, and directing that commission er* should he appointed to mark the boundaries between the parties. I tie commissioners, so appointed, met at New Cas tle, on the 15th day_ of November, 1775, and not being able to agree, separated. After a further litigation and delav, the whole mailer *ai settled by the mutual agreement between the surviving heirs of the original litigants. In iheyear 1761, Mr. Chas. Mason, of the Royal Obscrv j atory, was sent to Penn., wilh all the needful astronomical in struments to measure a degree of Latitude. That duty ho performed, and a report of his proceeding* was made to the Royal Society of London, for the year 1767, 1 his Mr. Mason and Jeremiah Dixon were appointed to mn the line in dispute, whiib appears to have been done in conformity with the Lord Chancellor's decree. This is the famous •• Mason and Dixon's lino.” and Ihe boundary between Pennsylvania on the south and Maryland on the north. Any one desirous of more delailed information, will find it in Doug las s History of America, published in Bosiion in 1751: I’roud’s History of Penn., the Memoirs nf the Historical So ciety of Penn , and 1 Vesey'a Reports. 352, Penn, Lord Bal timore, Little did the actors in this ma!|ei think that in after times, the line established with so much trouble and expenre, woulJ be connected with a a vulject calculated to shake a great nation to ita centre. — Albany Journal. Indian Mkal and Cohn.—lt is curious to obsetvo lhat this new element of our national prosperity, but recently ex ported, is quoted and in and mind in all the market* of Ihe world. Wdiner & Smith'* Time* gives th* following notice of it: Leghorn—in great demand. The Sardinan Government imposes a duly on its exportation of 6 par cent. Roman Government prohibits it* export. Neapolitan Government i* about to do so. Archangel, Norlh of Russia, non# in mark et. Odessa, Mouth of Kursiti, none offered. Danixic, none offered, but in demand, Hamburg—none. Riga—none. France—markets bate. London, tuarkt Is bars of it, but lit tle ulte-stion iu prices, Liverpool maikets pretty bars, but little offering Holland England, In land, Germany, Belgium huiigsry. look to it fur the subsistence of their vtsrving millions; for at on* pound per lioa.l, one million of bushels | er week i* ne cessary, In ihe other countries there sre at least twelve mil lions wanting food, to whom, including Ireland, sixteen mil lions of bushels per week will be necessary for from lour to six months, ssy from 31 to 96 milliMr* of bushels until the next harvest is gathered, A Lund Train. — A snrrespernlenl of the Rochester Dem ocrat, writes from Albany thus .- On our wav east, we parsei the longest train of cars on the Alb*nv and Boston toad, tha l ha* ever crossed the trick. It was composed of 122 ears- 0 ari average length of 30 fret each, making a train of ‘V“ 3,700 feel—or near three quarter! of a mils long, * ,l “ * drawn by one powerful engine. It ie said that Gen. Tom Thumb's sr nf * receipt* in Euf\ • amounted to the immense sum of $760,000.