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tdiiic impartial ami specific inten-would even then be wholly incompe- rics, which we have suffered from the paper widen has co>..e ,.nc*er nu in- lu.ns of our administration, and a re- tent to that object. It the U. States injustice and rapacity ot G. Britain ? specnon. It is so cautiously expres- were to invest 100,000,(XX) dollars Certainly not. But, waving all the in vessels of war, and expend onejarguments agdnst our declaring i.lining sense of good faith and up j ight conduct in tiie cabinet of Sv J..liter, diffused a lively satisfaction thioughthe nation, and presaged a speedy restoration of good under standing and harmony between the two countries. But our hopes were blasted, and the wise and patriotic intentions of our rulers baliled by an unexpected disavowal of the arrange ment, and an unqualified relusalto fulfil its stipulations on the part of England.—Since the recall of the minister who negociated the arrangc- num, nothing has occured to bright er the prospect of an honorable iidjustment of our differences. On the contrary, instead of evincing an amicable disposition, by substituting other acceptable terms ofaccommo elation in lieu ol the disavowed •ar rangement, the new minister has per sisted in impeaching the varacu.vol our administration, which a sense ol respe ct for themselves and lor th dignity of the nation they represent, iorbade them to brook. They adop ted towards him on that occasion, th most moderate and least irritating course of treatment ; a course de manded bv his deportment, Ik merit ing the approbation and support ol every American, who feels anxious fourth of that sum annually by em-|war, which may be drawn lrom our ploving it for the protection of ourjpast conduct, >Ir. C. said, he would ploying . ... commerce, it would still be unprotect-ask this honorable body, whether the ed, or the nation involved in war. As present situation of the world does not solemnly admonish this nation to stand aloof from the dreadful convul sions with which Europe for years this additional naval force is inade quate to the protection of our coin- mcr< e, and has never been employed for that purpose, it is hut reasonable to suppose that it is intended to pre pare the nation for a declaration ol war, which we intend to issue against France or G* Britain. In the exami nation of this question we can only reason from analogy. From our past c onduct, we may judge with some degree of correctness, what we shall do under similar circumstances.— What was the situation of the U. S. in March last l The British orders in council of the 11th November, 1807, were then unmodified, and in full operation ; every port in Europi which was shut against British ves sels, was declared to be in a state of blockade; all neutral vessels attempt ing to enter them were subject to capture and condemnation ; the right to trade to those ports could not ln- exercised, until the neutral vessel had touched at a British port, and paid a transit duty, which, in some cases, cx- Yes, sir, the character ol the war, and sed that every man puts what con struction upon it he pleases. Is he for war ? The message breathes no thing but destruction and blood-shed. Is he for peace ? The message is mere milk and water, and wholly pa- fic. Is he for the bill before you ? The message calls for its passage. Is he a friend to a large standing ar- pastJ.has been agitated to its centre hny ? Why then the message means 20,000 regular troops. Is he friend the a or r n- \ r TUESDAT,; March 13. the principles upon which it is con- ly to the militia ? The message does ducted, admonish us in the most so- not call for regular troops—.it means lemn manner to remain quiet until its militia. Thus, sir, this message stormy billows shall subside into a means any thing, or nothing, at the calm. In the wars which were begun will of the commentator. If this and carried on anterior to the French,message is oracular in its meaning revolution, the conquest of a town or it was no less miraculous in its pro to preserve the honor and indepen- ceeded the original value of the car- dynce of his country. The momentous duty of deciding go. Our commercial intercourse with France was not more auspicious. Our the' attitude tvdiich"the*Utiitedi' eS8Lls and f r S ocs had becn P\ aced in a state ot sequestration, with au opon Suites shall assume in the present,. . . emergency, is delegated to intelligent «»t»i»atl° n , that their final de position and virtuous agents. In their wis-r ouId dc > ,cnd "f™ ? ,e course " hl i h doin we may safely confide; and £'? nation shou d adopt towards G. it becomes us to place a firm reliance 13ma,,, • 1 ° rel,cve thc nat,on from on their patriotic exertions to devise such measuies as may be best calcu lated to promote peace & prosperity, or to provide for the security of our common country in the event of war. For all the efforts of human wisdom directed by the purest virtue in our rulers may prove unavailing without that union, confidence and support which the genius of government, the spirit of patriotism and the dictates of reason, nature and Christiamity impose lipon the members of the com munity. If the members and th head be united and act in concert, no foreign power can endanger the life or safety of the political body. With respect to thc internal affairs of this state, it affords me great satis faction to inlorm you that more than usual proficiency has been made in iniprox ing and extending agriculture and manufactures. The liberal pa tronage which the legislature has been pleased to extend to domestic manufactures, by loans and bounties, has been attended with thc most sa lutary effect. The enlightened po licy of a few individuals has also in troduced a breed of sheep which es sentially promotes the'fabrication of cloths of a superior quality. CONG-11 ESS, Substance of the observations math: by Mr. Crawford, upon the passage of the bill for fitting out &c. till the frigates belonging to the United Suites. Mr. Crawtord, said, before he entered on the discussion of the bill, he felt it his duty to declare, that in the observations he had made upon tile pressure of these accumulated wrongs, the embargo was imposed— it was voluntarily submitted to for fourteen months and was then aban doned in a panic. When this mea sure was repealed, did we declare war ? Did we issue letters of mar que and reprisal ; or did the other House strike liom the non-inter course act, a provision which autho rised the President to issue them up on a specified contingency ? Sir, if this nation ever intended to declare war for an}’ cause short of thc inva sion of its territory, or the bombard ment of its cities, last March was th time which ought to have been seiz ed for its commencement. We had cause, and more than cause for wai, if war would have procured redress. Our ships were then in our own ports our seamen were at home—the property of the nation had been ga- ihered in lrom the four winds o! Heaven, and v e were prepared to strike, where the enemy was vulner able. We did not however declare war. Mr. C. said he was not con vinced but that it is fortunate for the nation that we did not, although he thought and felt differently upon the repeal of the embargo. He was op posed to its repeal, but for war, when it was repealed. What, sir, is our situation now, when compared with March, 1809 ? The embargo, al though vilified and abandoned here proved efficacious. The arrangement of the 19th ol April last was the off spring of the embargo. The aban donnientof the embargo produced the disavowal of that arrangement. The order of tile 26th of April, 1809, is still in force, and although it falls ve ry short of the arrangement made at jthis place, vet it abandons the two province was generally the object and end of hostilities. Now a battle de cides the fate of a kingdom ; and the mightiest empires are overthrown in a single campaign. The change in nautical warfare has not been less than that upon land. Formerly the capture or destruction N>f a small part of the adverse squadron, was esteem cd a glorious victory. Te Drum was sung in their churches, or the tower guns were fired. Now, if any part of the hostile fleet escapes, the victori ous officer is punished. This contest, so sanguinary in its progress, and de structive in its consequences, must ere long be brought to an end. Let it then be the wisdom of this nation to remain at peace, as long as peace is within its option. Having shewn from our past con duct, that we do not mean to declare war, and also that sound policy for bids us to do it, it is necessary to en quire into the probability ol its being declared against us. Will France de clare war against the U. States ? In what relation do we stand to France mulgation. The news papers to the east of this, stated that such a mes sage would be delivered, and stated its contents near one week before it reached the two Houses of Congress. To account for this phenomenon, is neither within mv power or provinc ( To be concluded in our next.) The torrents of rain that fell during the last week rendered the rivers and even thc creeks impassa ble for several da;, s ; front this cause thc northern mail by Augusta, duo on Sunday has not yet arrived. Great damage has been sustained by thc destruction of mills, bridges, &c. The French papers contain exten sive. details relative to thc divorce of the Emperor of France from Joseph- ine, which hud taken place with the consent of both parties, tinder a Sena- tus Consultum. FOREIGN the motion for postponement, he had not the most distant intention ol inti-jin,>st important and obnoxious princi- matingthat the gentleman from N >*'-1 pies of the orders of the 11th Novem ginia wished to involve the nation in ber, 18 g>m . . a war, that he did not conscientiou.s- lv believe to be necessary for the preservation of the honor or interest of the country. Mr. C. said, that he had by his own reflections, been led to conjecture, that this additional naval force was in tended to protect our commerce in time of peace, or to prepare the na tion for a declaration of war, which we intend to issue, or expect to lie is sued against ys, by one or both oftli great belligerent nations. The obser vations of the gentleman from Yirg had satisfied him that his conjectures arc well founded. These are the oh iects of this hill. But when a mea sure involving a considerable expence is under consideration, it is neces sary and proper to enquire whether tire means to be employed are ade quate to the attainment of the object The inadequacy of the naval force ot the United States to the protection . fits commerce, is so glaring as to 1807. The transit duty is given up, and the blockade of commercial Europe, is restrained to Holland, France and the kingdom of Italy. By this modification our trade to all the n st ot the world is unmolested by She captures and condemns all our vessels which have been visited by a British vessel, or are bound to a Bri tish port. Is this all? Does not France, under some pretext or other, seques ter the most ol our vessels which have tlie temerity to enter French ports ? How would war affect this relation ? It would put an end to sequestration, and would greatly diminish the num ber of captures, because, our vessels in that case would arm in their de fence. It is not the interestof France to declare war against us-—she will therefore avoid it. But admitting that France should declare war—this ad ditional naval force would be unneces sary, as long as England continues the war and preserves her national supe riority. If this should be lost, it is not upon a fleet of ten fold the efficient force of our whole naval establish ment, that we must rely for defence against the Gallic legions of Napole on—No, sir, we must rely upon our own internal strength, upon our union and patriotism, which will answer e- very demand that can be made upon it by the most trying emergency—the dreams of the timid, and the predic tions of madmen to the contrary not withstanding, But it is possible that G. Britain will declare war against us. Let us examine this subject. Has G. Bri tain any interest which can be sub served by war with the United States Is the commerce of this country be neficial to her ? She enjoys all of it which she wishes. She gets by pur chase or capture all which she wants lrom us. For the first she pays a moderate price, and for the last she pays nothing. But what is of equal importance to her, we purchase her manufactures. In the full enjoyment ot all the benefits of our commerce she restrains her adversary from all [participation with hj/in those bene fits. But admitting there is danger GRAND BATTLE of OCANA, Gained by the Imperial Royal French army commanded by the duke of Dalmatia, (Soult) over the Spaniards- on the 1 L Jth Nov. 1809. SPAIN. Letter from the duke of Dalmatia to the minister at war in Paris : Head quarters, Des Barrios, November 19. Tour Excellency, 11 is Majesty the emperor’s troops have just gained a signal victory .The battle was fought at Ocana, where the Spanish insurgents had collected 55, itself, and startles at destruction. (XX) men, of whom 700 were cavalry. TOR THE GEORGIA JOURNAL. DUELLING. No subject can be of more impor tance than that of Duelling—none more deeply involves the interest, happiness and welfare of societ}. But I am in a measure deterred from entering on it, when I recollect the many valuable essays which ha\’£ been written, and the little at tention they have met with. Considering, however, the duty I awe to society in general, I am prompted to lay aside all minor con siderations, and lend my feeble aid in opposing a measure, despicable in its nature—ruinous in itself. That a practice so detestable should be countenanced by civilized people, is at once astonishing. A mind which can pourtrav the multitude of evils resulting from it, “ shrinks back on Duellists are led astrav by a mis- besicles a numerous artillery. Thejtaken notion of honor. Hurried by 4th and 5th corps of the army com- their passions, they are carried to a manded by the marshal duke of Tre-Jscene too horrid for reflection. IIow viso (Mortier). The division of gen. often has it been the case, that men, Milhaud, the division ot light cavalry whose talents were an ornament to of the 5th corps, commanded by gen. themselves and a boast to their coun- Beauregard, and the brigade o’iTighl'try, have fallen victims to it; and too, cavalry of gen. Paris, with the royaljluV the most trivial causes. Many, guards, and two battalions of Spanish'no doubt, believe, that it attaches'a troops, left Aranjuez this morning, hv never-fading laurel to (heir names, order to meet the eneinv, who accor-iTo prove the incorrectness of this ding to the information received, had idea, let me enquire, who were its ori- taken position at Ocana. At 9 o’clock, 1 ginal authors ? His'orv informs us the advanced guard in reality observe that it was invented by B.i.barians ed that army; at 11 o’clock the en-jior the gratification ol revenge. Tnat gage men began, and at 2 o’eol. k the it v as invented by the above persons battle was gained. The Spaniardsjfor the aforesaid purpose, we have made brave resistance; the spucriority every reason to believe. And thaC of their numbers encouraged them ; ! it is now generally practised by men, but they were attacked with such spi r ' ' 1 ' British orders in council. If the com- of war with England, of what service parison between our present situati on and that oi 31 trch last, lie fairlv drawn, there can be no difficult} in deciding, that as we did not then de clare war, we shall not do it now. But it will be said that, to all the injuries which G. Britain has committed a- gainst us, she has added the grossest insult. Mr. C. said that no man wa more sensibly affected by the conduct will these few additional frigates be against the 1000 ships of war which that nation can put in commission ? The honorable chairman of the com mittee says, they will answer the two fold purposes ot defending our ports and harbors, and of annoying the commerce of the enemy. To this it may he answered, that if they are kept in our ports for their defence, rit by all the troops, that their posi tion was carried without the least hesitation. The charges made by the infantry & cavalry threw the enemy into dreadful disorder. All the ar tillery and baggage fell into our hands. We have already counted 50 pieces of cannon, 15 stands of colors, and a great number of prison ers, (amongst whom are 3 generals, 6 colonels, and 700 officers) were ta ken by the imperial troops. The ground was strewed with dead bo dies, & with more than 40,000 mus- quets, as well as with the wrecks of baggage, & otherinilitary effects. At every instant prisoners are brought in. The remainder of the armv is Hying without arms, and without knowing what will become of them. II the English have another Spa nish army to sacrifice, they may send it on. The whole imperial ar my in Spain is disposable. Liverpool, Dec. 16. One of the leading miniftcra news-pa pers (London Mth inft.) fiat the following paffage : Mr. Myntz, the Auftrian meflen* ger, has brought propofals to our govern ment for a general peace, to be negociated at a Congrefs to be held in fomc city in the North Weft of France. Should thefe pro- polals be rejected, Prince Stahremberg has orders to leave this country. This impor tant subject will be the firft that will occu py the Marquis Wellesley’s confideration. of the Britidi minister towatds this! they cannot annoy t he trade of the e- government than he was. He feluncmy. If they are sent out to prey compassion for those who couid not, upon the commerce of the enemy, hut and contempt for those who would few, if any of them, will ever return not, discover the insult. But,sir,art to defend out puts. we to merge the aggravated and ac- The President’s message of the cumulated wrongs of the nation, in thejinst. has been introduced by the chair- quarrel between the negotiators oljinan of the committee in support oi the two countries! If we are to have this bill. Feeble must be the aiu war, will any rational man be wil- which this measure can derive from Notice. Application wil! be made to the honora- hie the Inferior Court of Baldwin County, after the expiration of nine months for leave to sell the undivided half of Lot, No 196, 5th diftrict of Wilkinson, now Bald win, sold for the benefit of the heirs and creditors of Jonathan M'Crary, deceased BARTLEY MCCRARY. January 2, 1809. 9m strike the most superficial obscrv ;t the first blush. If every Jrigatixjling to rest it upon the insult offered!that source. 'This message in poin s uo|> and bomb-ketch in our navvjdy Jackson to the government, in of obscurity, comes nearer mv idea vas a first late ship oi the line, itj-itendot the long list ofattrocious inju-jof a Delphic oracle thou any state- Notice. NINF. months after the date hereof, ap plication will be made to the honorable th<- Inferior court of Warren county for leave to fell 20:.' l -2 acres of land lying in the ird district of Wilkinson county, No. 261 for the benefit of the heirs and creditors of Aaron Benton late of this county dec. II innefred Benton Adm August 19th, 1809. 12 j|) ferocious in their temper, and arro gant in their disposition, will> not be questioned by the candid and liberal. Who is the Duellist? One who gives a wrong definition of honor, and sacrifices his life at the altar of public happiness. Is he but a mur derer ? He is no more—although the name is robbed of its harshness, and softened down by the appellati on of Duelling. What is the defini tion of a murderer ? One who un lawfully robs another of his blood. No rational man will deny, but the Duellist is, in fact, a murderer. The one precipitately plunges the in strument of death in his antagonist; the other, calmly and deliberately rolls him ot his existence, days, weeks, nay months, after the suppo sed injury is said to have been com mitted. And because one becomes a murderer in cold blood, whilst all the powers of reason attend him, shall the crime be diminished ? Shall he be crowned with honor, whilst the blood ot the person slain, is reek ing on his hands. \V e are told that murder consists in killing an individual contrary to iaw. Does not the Duellist act in op position to all law, both divine and human ? Surely he does. Not withstanding all this, there are men who endeavor to justify it;—but few theie are, who have once slain an in dividual, but would be glad to recaL that act of his life. Tho’ he may for awhile elude the grasp of execu- <• tive authority, still remorse of con science pursues him. Like the stinir of death, & It hovers o’er his head And whispers in his ear. I he shrill echo of the midnight bell rends the foundation ot his soul— those peaceful slumbers which he once enjoyed, no more attend him that omnipotent arm which once stayed and supported his tottering frame, is drawn lrom his assisunce and, that God who watched over and guarded him from the machina- ions ol designing men, now pursues iniu with his vengeance.