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THE GEORGIA JOURNAL. VOL. I. MILLEDGEVILLE, TUESDAY, JUNE 5, 1810. No. 32. PUBLISH '2D BY SEATON ORANTLANDj (PRINTER TO TUB STATE,) ON JF.V FERSON STREET, OPPOSITE Till NORTH END OF THE STATE-HOUSE. TERMS THREE DOLLARS PER AN NUM, ONE HALF TO BE PAID IN AD VANCE. ADVERTISEMENTS WILL BF. THANK FULLY RECEIVED, AND PUBLISHED AT THE CUSTOMARY PRICES thf. subterranean voyage, * * OR THE MAMMOTH CAVE, ‘ PARTIALLY EXPLORED. the assistance of all our light wt ould not discover where they termi nated. Some distance further rlong, we passed what is called the sick room, the presence of a greater proportion of the oxigen gas. The bottom o; the cave is generally covered wit lime stone, which appears ;:t differ ent times to have been detached Iron in consequence of an attempt beingllhe roof or ceiling. When we wen made to explore it, which proved un-jnear the end of the last branch w< successful; the person who inade'explored, our friend, Mr. Curiosity, the attempt, first felt a nausea andjpushed him on before a conicdfralbk general debility, which was succeed-jdistancc, when attempting to snufl ed by violent puking; they veryjhis candle, he put it out-—he was prudently retreated and have never obliged to sit in the dark and halloo, since entered it; we supposed the after some time he made himself existence of mephi tic gas, & thought heard, when we dispatched a mes- it most prudent to pass without en-'Scngof lor him, and sounded a re tiring. At a bout two miles fromjtreur. On many stones we found {From a gentleman In Bou'Ung Green, jfr».'the entrance we found Glauber and rude characters traced, specimens of lucky, to bis friend in Kuje.fi lie.) Epsome salts, with Ochreous earthsjwhich I have in my pocket hook.— Boxvling-Grcen. Jan. 21, 1810. My Dear W. You mi} perhaps not deem it un interesting to have some informati on respecting the largest cave now known. It lies about eight miles from the Dripping Spring, a little south of cast, near Green River, in Warren county. The surrounding country is composed of knobs not ualike those in the barrens generally. The mouth of the cave is situated on the north side of one of those knobs. We descended abruptly a- botit fifty or sixty feet, when the mouth presented itself complete ; it is arched over by a large ledge of rocks, from which issues a clear fountain; from this the workmen are supplied with a sufficiency of wa ter for their salt petre works ; it falls perpendicularly fifty feet. In removing the earth near the mouth for the purpose of erecting furna ces, several human skeletons were discovered, of a size unusually large , one of the former proprietors of the cave, a stout man compared the size of the under jaw bone with his own, and found that it would easily pass over, his the other bones were of cor responding size. 1 he salt petre earth commences with the cave, and continues so far as has been exam ined, which is about seven miles. In passing what is called the nar rows, you are obliged to walk halt bent, these continue about a quarter of a mile ; in this pass there is con stantly a strong current of air ; the six eolil months the air rushes into the cave, the other six it issues from it; tins is easily accounted for by all men of science. At the termina tion of these narrows, you are ush ered into one of the most sublimeh beautiful and picturesque amphi theatres in the world ; it expands to sixty or severity feet wide and as ma ny deep. The most elaborate effort of the pencil would fail to do justice to the rich scenery and varied drape ry with which the senses are delight ed.—Immediately on entering this large room, you experience a sudden change of the air frdm a chilling cold to a heat oppressive ; here some of our companions pulled ofl their out er clothing, and left them till we re turned. We progressed but a little way before we discovered innume rable quantities ol bats which had taken refuge there from the severi ties of the season ; they were sus pended from all parts of the rocks by their claws, with their heads down and crowded so close that they re sembled a continued black cloud they appeared much disturbed at our intrusion which they manifested by a disagreeable hissing or twittering noise, and so tenacious were they ol the hold which instinct had cau sed them to take, they would suffer thcmselvs to be burnt to death soon er than relinquish it. At the dis tance of about hall a mile, there arc two branches making out at right angles on either side ; the one on the south-west which is called the little room we examined ; here the earth is sufficiently impregnated with ni tre to veld eight and ten pounds to ✓the bushel ; it has a fine spring where it again divides into the upper and lower rooms ; in the upper there iS t fissure in the rock sufficiently larg for a man to enter, where you haV< the appearance of the different ol der* of Gothic architecture, columns, mouldings and pilasters in embossri. and stucco work, elegantly wrough of different colors ; here the whole surface of the rocks are incrusted with stalactites of half an inch in thickness ; the rocks arc so strongly impregnated with the Balts, that they burst through thq incrustation and exude in octahedral, hexahedral, and rhomboidal prisms, and more fre quently in curved rhombs. No thing can exceed the biilbancc of the scene ; figure to yourself a canopy irradiated with ten thousand dia monds,’and you will have a faint idea of its lustre. The salts are in a vir gin state, and effloresce when brought in contact with atmospheric air; they continue for half a mile and are often ol indeterminate forms : at times the w hole surface of the rocks appear as if covered with new fallen snow. We went on for several miles, often passing branches of the cave, making out at right, acute and obtuse angles from w hat we supposed to be the main body : when we ap proached near the end, we came to a fountain falling from the roof as the first, forming a basin of about thirty feet deep, this we descended and crossed, in going a few paces we came to another of the same size, which we went round on the edge of a precipice, and soon after came to the end, which terminates abrupt ly ; here at the extreme parts we found bats, which caused us to de termine that there were other out lets, because, till wc reached the end we had not seen any bats for some miles.—Wt passed one very extraordinary room, it is so formed that a voice at the cnterance pro nouncing a word, is reverberated distinctly six times ;# for the want of time and light, we did not enter, hut had our information from those who have wrought at the cave some years. At the end or near it, of the first branch, it makes a short turn, we then persued this branch nearly in a retrogade direction, till we supposed we were under the bed of Green ri- at or near the termination of After about fivd hours travel, we reached the mouth again much fa tigued for the expence of his return ; als a reasonable house rent, the expem >f couriers, of postage, ol necessftr printing and fur the service of a Si cretury and drogerman. Tripoli* George Davis, Consul. His salary is L’OOO dollars, with at outfit’ of the same, and a quarter’: salary, for the expence of his return and in all other respects his allow ances are the same with those ofthi consul general. Tunis. Charles D. Cox, Acting Consul, Adinteriin. The salary and allowances are tin. same as at Tripoli. Morocco. James Simpson, Consul. The salary and allowances are the same as at Tunis and Tripoli. this branch we found glauber salts nitrate of lime in much greater a- bundance than before ; at one place particularly, I crept into a small ca vity, where not only the rocks but the earth appeared to be at least for med ene half of regular formed chrystals of glauber salts j I have no doubt but that a great deal of the earth is impregnated with borax. The following are the Consuls and Commercial Agents of the Unit ed States. In Great Britain and its Dominions. William Lyman, Consul, Loudon. Elias Vanderliorsf, Bristol. Robert W. Fox, Falmouth. James Maury, Liverpool. Thomas English, Dublin. Thomas Auld, Vice Consul, Poole. James Holmes, Consul, Belfast. John Church, Consul, Cork. John Gavino; Gibraltar. Joseph Pulis, Malta. In Trance and its Dominions. David B. Warden, Acting commer cial Agent, Paris. Isaac Cox Barnet, Commercial A- gent, Havre de Grace. William Lee, Bordeaux. Thomas Aborn, Vice Commercial Agent, Cayenne. Peter Walsh, Com. Agent, Cette. William Buchannan, Islesof France and Bourbon. Etienne Chatlan, Marseilles. John Appleton, Calais. William 1). Patterson, Nantz. Aaron Vale, L’Orient. Thomas Lovell, La Rochellit Francis Coffyn, Dunkirk. Henry Wilson, Ostend. In Spain and its Dominions. Joseph Yznardi, Consul, Cadiz Robert Montgomery, Alicant William Kirkpatrick, Malaga Lewis O’Brien, St. Andreo John Leonard, Barcelona. John Martin Baker, Tarragona and the Isles of Majorca, Minorca, Yvica. John Janies Armstrong, Island of Tenerieffe. Richard S. Hacklev, St. Lucar. In Portug al and its Dominions. William Jarvis, Lisbon. James L. Catchcart, Madeira. John B. Dabney, Azoras^or West ern Islands. Henry Hill, St. Salvador in Brazil. In the Kingdom of Holland. Sylvanus Bourne, Consul General Amsterdam. George Jav, Consul, Rotterdam. In Denmark and its Dominions. Hans Rodolph Saabye, Consul, Copenhagen. Thomas Gamble, Island of Santa Cruz The following picture of Swedish manners exhibits the people in a very interesting point of light, and strengthens the opinion long en tertained that Sweden enjyvs more substantial freedom, civil and poli tical, and that the people are less preyed upon bv their government than the people of any other country in Europe. The de thronement of the lute king of Swe den, his having a large pension settled on him by the State, and being suffered to reside in the country over which he lately ru led, are facts pregnant with inte resting reflections.—Demo. Press. A. Picture of the Domestic Econo my and Habits of the Swedes By Nicholas Collins, Rector of the Swedish church in Philadelphia A great portion of the Swedish people own lands and houses, be cause the laws have for a long time settled an equitable division of pro perty among children, in a manner similar to the present mode in this country. From this cause the num ber of persons, male and female who depended entirely on employments from others is in a far less proporti on than in other European countries This, and the comparative smallness of the population cannot but cause a sufficient demand, and an equitable reward of labor. Domestic industry is very general in Sweden, and a source Yom a few simple Articles many pa- (table soups, hashes, puddings, See. dilk, beer, fish and vegetables arc repared in Several ways well deserv- ag notice. Though Sweden has a long winter, he poor do not suffer told, because here cloths are, warm, their houses .iglit, and the chimneys and stoves ire constructed in a manner that re quires but little wood. In Sweden common education is very cheap, by means of public schools. The religious and moral part of it, which also requires reading, is en joined on all and provided gratis, for the poor. The benefits of divine- worship, and of all,clerical service*, cost very little to the poor> and to such as cannot pay. The poor obtain a gratuitous ad ministration of justice, partly bv le gal provisions and partly by the aid of some friends, who plead for them, as many who are not lawyers do this for themselves and others. The wages of labor appears small in comparison with those in this country, but are proportionate to ex penses. The salaries of public offi cers, the profits In trade and other business, also appear less but are not. On an average money reckoned in silver or gold, will purchase the ne cessaries and comforts of life so much cheaper than here, that a similar mode of living doth not require one half. Persons depending ou public charity make but a small number in Sweden, and for such, competent provision is made. Principles of decent liberty aqi* mate even the poorest among the Swedes : No persons would bind themselves for servants, or surrender any civil rights ; neither 4o the laws permit such contracts. From Bell’s Weekly Messenger, March 4. CONDUCT OF LORD CHATHAM. A most extraordinary proceeding has occupied the attention of the Pariiatnent and of the public during the week. It is never pleasing to us to use the language of severity to wards public men) but on the other hand it is a duty to- our readers to express our selves with truth and candor—to catch the important to pics as they rise, attd to present them of many in their natural colors, divested of cheap comforts. The men can build their pretexts and disguises, all kinds of plain wooden houses,] Th6 circumstances to which wc make waggons, ploughs, 8c the various allude, when plainly stated, are as funning utensil:; ; not a few can also .'follows :—Immediately after his re do smith’s work. The women are turn from the expedition to Walchc- expert at spinning and knitting; and ren, the Earl ot Chatham, without many can weave both course and fine invitation or command, presented a stuffs, with skill und speed. rhemori.ilcrnarrative,totheking...his The poorer people in Swedenjown memorial or narative, in which, have sufficient nourishment salutary aspt a] pears, he ri fl-xts with some se al iu palatable. Beet and pork indecd'verity (implied, if not expressed) on are not the main articles of it, but ajthe conduct of Sir Rrichard Strachan, variety of good fish, milk, field pease, and the want of zeal in the co-ope- turnips, cabbages, of divers kinds,(ration of the navy. This memorial From the entrance tothe extreme! James M‘Grcgor, Island of St. Tho- part of our travel, there appeared a mas beaton track on the rocks ; they werejPeter Isaacson, Christainsand. worn quite smooth, the remains of| In Prussia. cane torches were plenty as far as Frederick W Lutz, Consul, Stettin, w-c went: several mocasins curious- William Clark, Einbdeu. ly wrought from the bark of the Lynn In Germany. tree were found, also many poles of John M. Forbes, Consul, Hamburg, considerable length which appeared Frederick I. Wichelhausen, Bremen to have been cut with stone hatch-iWilliam Riggen, Trieste, ets ; muscle shells were found six or Philip Marck, Franconia, seven miles from the entrance with! In the Kingdom of Sweden. many other vestiges of the cave hav- Robert G. Gardner, Consul, Gotten- potatoes, beans and other vegetables, all in good quality and in plenty, give ample supplies Rye is the principal grain in Swe den, and gives excellent bread, which is always found ou the best tables, with that of wheat, and perferred to it l)y most people, lor common use l he crops are in good seasons gene rally great ; but in unfavorable, fo reign gram must be imported. As the people in general eat much bread, the dearness affects the poor, but seldom to a degree of want, since was presented immediately to his Majesty by Lord Chatham, without any communication with liis brother ministers, it was presented moreo ver without any communication with Sir R. Strachan—Sir Richard wat implicity accused, and Lord Chat ham had told his own tale without Sir Richard knowing the object of his charge, or that he had been ac cused at all. On tile other hand the ministers had a party interposed be tween them and the Crown, who had an influence of which they knew lin ing formerly been a place of great resort by the aborigines of North burr In the Italian States. the potatoes, which thrive remarku- thing, bly, are generally cultivated. The mel-e statement of tliiscx- A great quantity of rye is distilled traordinary circumstance is almost for whiskey, which is commonly sufficient of itself to prove its unfair good, and very generally used in ness find unconstitutionality, and wc America. In many parts there isThomas Appleton, Consul, Leghorn -.he appearance of great labor in re-(Alexander liamniet, moving the stones, in others wherelThomas H. Storm, chey had been piled up to get at the]John Broadbent, alts. In many places we discoveriAbraham Gibbs, Nap Genoa. Messina. Palermo. by the friction ol water constant!) Id ripping from above; the heights ol be r sons in the room |the*c columns are so great that wi’l when they stoke. rats and reptiles. Generally speak- Richard O’Brien, Island ol Sardinia. In Russia. Levitt Harris, Consul, 5t. Peters burg In China. Edward Carrington, Consul, Canton In Turkey. William Steuart, Consul, Smyrna In Algiers. Tobias Lear, .Consul General. Me has been allowed a salary of4000 ng, the cave is very dry, and the air salubrious ; w-e judge of the latter from the facility with which com- ,'ustion went on, our tapers burnt much more brilliant than when in the common air, owing we supposed to * The vulgar suppose this room to he Haunted, from the reverberation of the voice. They supposed there wer, the room, mocking them lollars per annum, an outfit of th< Yamc rum. r-.rd a quarter’s salary drams, with a biscuit or bread and, butter, unhappily by not a few, to ex cess, but by the most temperate, as a wholesome cordial.—Barley occu pies, a great portion of the arable land ; and vtrv good beer of differ ent kinds is made, net only in the towns but in the conntry, By domestic breweries. The poorest people have always good small beer, and occnsi onally strong. It is remarkable that many women exceed in brewing, particularly in the country. To dress all kinds of provisions to the best ad vantage, is generally deemed an im portant branch of the female econo my ; by this, families not wealthy, can have a great variety of agreeable dishes ; aui even the poor contrive might safely perhaps leave it hert- But as every thing which respects the principles of the constitution U matter of the first importance, v c Conceive it our duty to enter into .. more full developement. Party is for a day—the constitur • on is for ever; it is the Tabernacle under which wc and our posterity are to dwell, and to find a refuge : and it is therefore our interest to pi serve its pillars sound, and its roo. audits wals weather proof. The first principle of the constitu tion is that ministers are responsible fer every act of the crown, and th.i his ministerial responsibility is tr Parliamentary security against i t misconduct of the CrcAwn—The in.