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THE GEORGIA JOURNAL Vot. II. MILLEDGEVILLE, WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 14, 1810: No. 3. PUBLISHED BY SEATON GRANTLAND, (POINTER TO THE STATE,) ON JEF FERSON STREET, OPPOSITE THE NORTH END OTTHE ST AtE-IIOUSE. •p^RMS THREE DOLL Al l" PER AN NUM, ONE HALF TO BE PAID IN AD VANCE* ADVERTISEMENTS WH.I PE THANK FULLY RECEIVED, AND PUBLISHED AT THE CUSTOMARY PRICES. MILLEDGEVILLE PRICE CURRENT. Cotton, Salt, Iron• Corn, IVhtat, 12 1-2 ctj 1 75 to 2 io 2 25 1 7'fie following is the Speech delivered to tlw Legislature by the Governor of Connecticuti at the opening of the Seflion : Gentlemen of the Council, Mr. Speaker, and Gentlemen oj the House of Represen tatives. THE favorable auspices under which ive meet at this season, for dispatch of the important business in- ri.Iciit to the Legislature, in the re moval of the distressing drought which, at the rising of the General Assembly in May last, had well nigh t ut oil'.tire prospect of a competent former harvest; in the uncommon fruitfulness of the season which suc ceeded, by which the face of nature was renovated, and a competence of the fruits of the earth produced ; in tlie general health which has prevail ed the summer past, and in that de gree of internal peace and good or der which has existed under the ad ministration of the laws ; call for our - gratitude to that Almighty being, wo presides over the affairs of men. Civil and religious liberty, result ing from a due subordination to law, human and divine, is the greatest good which nations, as such can en joy ; and is at once the evidence, and the fruit of an elevation of character in the citizens, far above that which belongs to the mass of mankind ; and the degree, in which it is enjoyed by tmy nation, is the critcrian by which a judgment is to be formed, of the merit of that na tion. This is an inheritance which our ancestors possessed from the be ginning, which they have, by the help of God, trannmited to us, at the price of blood, nnd which we are bound at the saint? price if need be, to hand down unimpared to posteri ty. The European nations have for a- ges been elevated above those of Asia or Africa, because the Sun of righteousness has beamed upon the former and not upon the latter.— England, Holland and Switzerland have long enjoyed more of this liber ty than the other European nations, because they have, felt his beams less obstructed by clouds of moral dark ness than they. And on this side of the Atlantic, the same inestima ble gift of Providence has been enjoy- « 1, in a visible proportion to the ope ration of the same vital cause. The revolutions which have recently de solated Europe, originating in an iittfolaposlacy of those nations from the Christian faith, have terminated in the establishment of a despotism analogous to tho$;e of the East ; and we must expect that the same cause, in proportion as it prevails will pro duce the same effect, in this Western worlrf. Indeed it must be evident that without the illumination of religion and science a people must forever re main incompetent to the task of self- g overnment. It is equally evident a system of policy founded in the love of truth and justice, in the intercourse of nations, is as essential, as *’t is in the intercourse of indivi duals*; and as much more important as the security of the former is more interesting than that of the latter. — Nothing can tend more effectually to enkindle and keep alive the flames °I w ar in the human family, than that Vtful and insidious policy, which, while it is gloried in by many, a3 the perfection of wisdom, has, for the ™ 0r>t pan disgraced the deplomatic intercourse of nations* The happy consequences which have resulted from the liberty of our ancestors, and oi the present gene ration, in the support of common school, of the College and of the Ministry, demons!: are the cos rect- ntss of this tfc< f»K. T!k i.nijurmitv And stability which h:-,v.- marked our public conduct, ar v> . In.' fruit ' of these & simitar measures. In these remarks, it is no part of my object to eulogize the state ; my design is to prompt to perseverance in that course which I deem essential to our safety and honor. The education of youths is an all important object in every frCe State, because it forms the character of the citzens ; and as that character is, such will be that of the State. Much has been done on this subject, and much more might be effected, if the wisdom of the Legislature v/as to be employed upon it, with unremitting attention. The State have an im portant interest in every child, which is born or lives under its jurisdicti on ; an interest paramount even to that of its parents. The strength of the State lies in the number of its citizens, and the strength of the citizens lies in their talents, natural and acquired ; and it being the duty, as well as interest of the State, to increase its strength by all lawful means, it will follow that the educati on of the youths and the instruction of the citizens in general, in moral and religious truth, will come within its province. To replenish the open ing mind with the rudiments of na tural science is indeed, the first step to be taken in the course of educa tion ; but this is only a mean to a fur ther end, theamendmentof the heart; if this is not effected, the acquisition of knowledge may be worse than in vain both to the individual and to the public. The latter Has been caref ully attended to, but the former it is believed has been too much ne glected. In the selection of instruc tors in our common schools, such as are immoral, irreligious or unfriend to the constitution and laws of the land, should be utterly excluded. It is unnecessary to point out any specific provisions as an improvement of our system ; these will readily oc cur to the wisdom of the Legisla ture. To enforce the execution of law on offenders is a duty next in impor tance to that of forming the citizens for voluntary obedience. As far as the public will yi .-Ids to that of an individual, so far civil liberty is an nihilated ; of course it is impaired and may be subverted by the impu nity of crimes. Offences affecting the honor of God or a remote interest of the State, or the more immediate interest of the offender, such as sabbath-break ing, common swearing and drunken ness, pass too often with impunity. By these offences the State is not felt to be so immediately injured, still it is essentially and vitalLy affect ed. By the first, the design of pub lic worship and instruction is defeat ed : by the second, the fear of an oath is diminished, official faithfulness is less guarded, and the investigation of truth, in trials at law, becomes more precarious ; and by the third, the wealth of the State is wasted, and its citizens, instead of a blessing, be come a burden and a curse. The laws for the prevention and punish ment of these crimes against society cannot without disgrace be repealed: and if they are not enforced, by those who are sworn to enforce them, they become the occasion of breaking down other laws which are intended to guard public morals ; and of in troducing such a construction of of ficial oaths, as shall leave them very little force or obligation on the con science. Surely, such a state of things requires public animadversion ; and the rather, because the licentiousness to which it tends, strikes at the prin ciple of a free republic. The rapid increase cf the expense of supporting State paupers seems to require the attention of the Legisla ture. To reduce, if possible, that part of the public charge, it will pro bably be found necessary to place them under a direction, other than that of Selectmen, who must be ex pected to lean in favor of a town in terest, when it interferes with that of the state. Should a house or houses be deemed necessary where they may be kept and employed, it might be thought expedient to combine a pro vision to confine, correct and em ploy such as shall be convicted of minor offences, and who for want of property, are, in effect, protected against the operation ot law. The subject has been recently before the Legislature ; the form which it then assumed was thought exceptionable, the subject matter, however, was deemed important; and if the con sideration of it were resumed, it might issue in an institution of great and lasting benefit to the State. In the course of events, it is some times proper for the Legislature to examine the correctness of ancient laws and institutions, by referring them to first principles ; it will be admitted, however, that they ought to be touched with a cautious hand. Suffer me to mention an ancient law of this State, entitled “ An act relat ing to bills of divorce,” as, in my o- pinion, unsound in principle. The exceptionable part of the statute is that which allows of divorce, “ for wilful desertion for three years, with total neglect of duty. n This provisi on is opposed to the rule which has ever been established in almost eve ry part of the Christian world : and as it admits the principle that a legal and fair marriage may be dissolved for other causes than that of adulte ry, which, it is conceived, is the only legitimate cause, so the Legislature, especially of late years, have granted divorces for any cause, not specified in the statute, which they deemed subversive of the ends of marriage. This practice is right in principle, if the statute be so : if it be not, itought to be corrected, both as a rule to the Court and as a leading step towards altering the practice of the Legisla ture. I trust, that my presenting this subject to view may be imputed to its proper cause, a sense of duty ; and not to any want of respect for what may be at present the public o- pinion. In attending to these, or any other subjects, which may merit considera tion, at this season, I shall endeavour, that nothing be wanting on my part to give dispatch to the business of the session. JOHN TREADWELL. October session, 1810. flume, the workmen came to a bed of clay ; ot which however, no notice was then taken. In the month of Novem* ber, a stove was put up in the mill, for the benefit of the men who wefe employed in finishing the interior of the building.—-Finding the house was soon filled with smoke, the workmen applied this clay to the crevices of the stove and pipe. In the course of a few hours, the clay had disap peared ; and on examining the in sides of the stove, they found that the clay had been converted into fine and pure glass. Since that discove ry, several experiments have been made, to ascertain the qualities of tliis new kind of earth. Two letters have been received briefly stating the result. One of them says— 11 The incited clay, as it was poured out of the crucible, appeared of the consistence of molasses ; and when it had cooled, it appeared to be clear and beautiful glass of a green tinge, and so strong that it was with some difficulty broken with the hand. The other letter says—“I prepared a little lurqace, .before a blacksmith’s bellows and blew one hour, when I found the clay well melted and in a fluid state, so that it run out of the crucible in strings as thick as a straw, and produced a solid glass, which could be thus drawn from 3 to 4 feet long.” As this is an entire new discove ry, it will doubtless receive the atten tion of the chymists and mineralo gists of out country.—Nat. lnt. to advise the churches in all intri cate cases of discipline ; to preserve an urtformity of sentiments and prin ciples ( to cultivate an acquaintance between the churches and their mem bers ; and to supply vacant chur ches by the appointm it of neighbor ing pastors to attend them at stated periods. According to the Dover Constitution, each church can send 5 delegates and may send less. They are generally selected by vhe votes of the members of the church, and receive no pecuniary compensation for their services. Besides thfcse Associations, there is a more general Convention or Ge neral Meeting of Correspondence, which has been on foot for a few years, and intended to knit , the se veral Associations together. It has not, however, yet received ihu sanc tion of-all these bodies in Virginia. The whole number of Baptists in this stale, is computed by Mr. Sem ple at 31,052. m It is a fact highly creditable to the State of Connecticut, and to the ad ministration of its affairs, tint, on the 30th day of September, accord ing to a report laid before the Legisla ture, “ the re was nothing due from any Town or Sheriff to the State for taxes or on any other account on the books of the Treasury.’”—Nat. Iht G eor$rha L egh I at u re. The Newburyport Herald, (printed in Maflachufctto) given a defeription oka mod violent hurricane which pafled through that place on the 14th of September.—In the fpaceofone minute, Houfes, Barns, fences, trees and even (tone walls were demolilhed —many perfons were wounded, though none killed. “ Rocks weighing half a ton” (fays the Herald) “ were taken from the peaceful bofom of the earth, where they had slept for eternal ages, and removed a confi- derable diftance—in (hurt, the power of defeription totally fails to give an adequate idea of the dreadful ravages which were made, and which can only be faintly con ceived by actually witntfiiag the effects it produced. The horror of midnight dark nefs, attended by the tumult and convulftons of the troubled atrnofphere, were fo tre mendous, that the affrighted neighbours thought the end of time had arrived, and the confumm-ition of all tilings here below would quite fuceced.” Cook, the celebrated Circumnavigator, when a boy was apprenticed in the fmall town of Steers in Yorkshire, to what i* termed a general (hop keeper. It happened one day, that a young wo man purchafed an article at (his (hop, and ip payment oITercd a new (hilling. Tl.e maWr at the {hop, having feen the girl pay this new (hilling, aud not finding it among the ca(h in the till, accused young Cook of purloining his property Our your.g hero, indignant at this charge upon his probity, faid it was falfc; that the new (hilling certainly was in his pocket, hut that he had replaced it by another. Unable to brook his matter's accufation, he next day ran away and went to lea, and from tins limple cumftance the world is indebted to his great du. coverics as a navigator. Raleigh, (AT. C) October 18 Horrid Murder ?—Mr. Abner Tapp, very induftrious farmer of Orange County, was murdered on Saturday night the 29th ult. while attending tohisftill. His body was found a week after buried under i large log in the creek ; his fcull fplit entire ly open by a Broke with an axe. A Negro and white man, (the former the property of Mr. Tapp and the latter lived in the neigh bourhood,)are fuppofed to have perpetrat ed the horrid deed, and are now confined in Hillsborough Jail —indeed the Negro has confefled that he afftfted to fecret the body, and fays the white man gave the blow. The Negro gave up 118 dollars, which he fays was part of the money taken from his mailer. Mr. Tapp hal left a wife and nine children. Important discovery.—An intelli gent and respectable correspondent informs us, that there has lately been found, in the northern part of the state of New-York, a singular kind of clay, which by the heat of fire, is converted into pure, fine, transparent glass. The peculiar pro perties of this day were thus accident ly discovered : Last summer, while Mr. George Scriba was building a grist mill at Rotterdam, on the O- ueida Lake, in digging a c3fcaJfor the RICHMOND Oct. 16. THE CAUSE OF RELIGIOUS TOLERA TION. Our City has been lately interest ed bv the meeting of the Association of the Baptists—The number of strangers who flocked hither, the re spectability of the eclat, the simplicity of their principles, & the enthusiasm with which their ministers propagate the'u tenets, gave a certain eclat to their exertions and a new air to the occupations of the city. The Asso ciation met on Friday night, the 12th, and dissolved on Monday night 9 o’clock. About 800 stran gers are estimated to have been pre sent—the ordained and licensed preachers between 30 and -10, of whom 6 or 7 came from the other Association districts. There were no proceedings.* of a general nature, conducted uinfer the auspices ol this meeting. On Sun day forenoon, the peeaching was carried on at the Capitol, whither flowed a tide of population, which the Hall of the 11 ouse of Delegates could not contain—and at the Bap tist and Methodist Meeting Houses —by different ministers who inter changed in the afternoon. A singu lar degree of harmony is said to have prevailed amongst all the “ lovers of piety,” Baptists and Methodists. It was pleasing to see this specta cle of concord among them. The Methodists, (said a distinguished Baptist) acted on this occasion a li beral and ii iendly part, not only in furnishing their meeting house from first to last, but in attending the Meet ings at the different places, and in joining with apparent cordiality in the religious exercises—for which the Association expressed their thanks.” This Association is called the Do ver Association—there are in this district 37 churches and 9628 mem bers, as may be seen by reference to Semple’s “ History ot the Virginia Baptists,” p. 90—91—a work lately published, and containing a mine of Baptistical information, couched in the clearest and simplest style. The government of the Baptist Church is extremely simple £c equal. There are 15 whole Associations in the state, besides four others which extend into other states. Each one has a constitution independent of the rest. The government both of the associations, the churches, and, in deed, of the whole society in Vir gin! t, and throughout the world, is eminently republican ; for the deci sions are always made by the majo rity. They are all in a perfect equa lity, except so far as they may be distinguished by their talents, their enthusiasm, and their services. There are no dignitaries among their min isters. The purpose of t!f association b, SENATE. Tuesday, 6th November, 1810. Mr. Davis (of Walton) laid on the table a petition from a number of the inhabitants of the county of Walton, which was read and refer red to the committee on Privileges and Elections. On motion of Mr. Taliaferro, Resolved, That Abraham Miles, esquire, be, and he is hereby ap pointed a Justice of the Inferior Court of the county of Baldwin, in the place of Elijah Owens, esq. resigned. On motion of Mr. Scruggs, Resolved, That William Lucas, Paul Bcvill, Thomas Scruggs, and John Green, be, and they are here by appointed Lumber-Measurers for the Port of Savannah. M essrs. Lanier, Park, Spalding, Foster, Barnett, Wood, and R ilmrn, were appointed a committee on the Siate of the Republic, oh the part of Senate. Mr. Wood laid before the Senate a memorial from Charles Lane, esq. of Walton county, which together with the Documents accompanying the same, was referred to the com mittee on Privileges and Elections. On motion of Mr. Pray, Resolved that the Executive np- pointment of Reuben S. S.iff>ld, as a justice of the Inferior court of the county of Bryan, in the room of James Bird, Esq. resigned, be, and the same is hereby confirmed. On motion of Mr. Walker, Resolved, that Richard H. Wilde, Robert Campbell and Thos. C Rus sell, be, and they are hereby appoint ed Notaries Public for the city of Augusta and county of Richmond. Messrs. Williams, Cook & Shcp- pred were appointed a committee on Petitions. The communication from his Ex cellency the Governor was read. The committee on Finance (on the part of the Senate) was appoint ed, consisting of Messrs. Hardin, Davis (of Chatham) M‘Cormick, Walker, Crawford, Talbot, and Scruggs. The documents accompanying His Excellency the Governor’s commu nication being read, Ordered, That Documents, No. 2, 4, & 6 be referred to the committee on the state of the Republic—No. 5, referred to the committee on Fi nance—No. 1 and 3, lie on the table —No. 7, referred to a special com mittee, consisting of Merrs. Parke, Barnett and Foster, to report by bill or otherwise. Senate adjourned ’till to-morrow 10 o’clock. A. M. Wednesday, 7th November. On motion ot Mr. W illiams, Resolved, That Jonathan Robin son be, and he is hereby appointed a Justice of the Inferior Co.it ol Bul loch county* Ou motion of Mr. B\ne, Resolved, That the Executive ap