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.i$ port of tiler m utiircz’ , un L * r tiffed
) have the samr rights unci pi i. ilegc>
ns tiie mother country ; consequent-
ly they \vi 11 h nve j Tree trade. It i t
in agitation to raise a considerable ar
my lor the deieuce of the country ;
hut there is u great want of money.
Government must have recourse to
contributions - and to Kngljnd tor
loans.—The Bulwark mall of war is
hourly expected to ariivc from Vera
Cruz. It is supposed she will bring
from lour to five indium. The for-
mer regency is deposed and a new
one of three appointed, Make, Ct.car 1
and Agar.
The fever that broke out about the
beginning ml September last hus tail;
sed a good deal of havock, chiefly a-
mong fot signers and children, has
declined vtf) much anti it is lioped
will totally Uisappcui soon.
LONDON, November 15.
Both Houses ot Puiluunent will
meet this day, pursuant to the last
adjournment, when, in consequence
of tiie rapidly improving state ot ins
Majesty’s health, a motion for a' lur-
’ ther adjournment will be made. It
was we understand the intention of
some of tlie Opposition to have oppo
sed th Question of adjournment,
but upon consideration that plan Was
abandoned. We have also heard
that they had it in contemplation to
have made a motion lor the exami
nation of the 1‘hysicians upon oath,
but that idea has, we believe, also
been given up ; so that in all proba
bility the motion for adjournment will
be earned nun con.
The Kit g of Sweden landed yes-
terilio at Yarmouth, from the Tarta
rus frigate, under a salute of 21 guns.
On his reaching d,e beach, he was
received wrh three such heart!
cheers, as perhaps he never before
heard, and such an impression had
they on his Majesty, that tears of
gratitude were observed to trickle
* "down his cheek. He was received
by Lord Gardner, tl.e Port*Admiral,
whose carriage was waiting and into
which his Swedish Majesty got and
preceded b\ the West Yoifc Militia
with colors and band, he repaired to
the Angel-Inn to take refreshment,
previous to his setting out for Lon
don. He was dressed in scarlet, w.th
a S’.ar on his breast, and looked re-
’’inarkabiv well.
The preceding article of intelligence will,
we are perfuaded give as much plesfure to
the peop.e ingeueral,a» the reception which
the il'iiitiioos ttrmger received, malt have
offbrritd him. f> is impoflih'e to avoid ex
ptcfliiig, on this occafion, our fenfe of the
•proud emiin-nce on which this country
ftandt, eon in comparifon with France,
Which at prefect ia able to witid the whole
poiv * ol the European Continent. In that
Cocwtry the people are held in an iron yoke,
-anti ire almnu atraid to think- The fame
bon.'-i/e md the fame terror prevail in all
the v ff.l nation* of the Continent. We
find t ; it not only the milcrable inhabitants
of the aiffermt ountrus are comlantly at-
tempting toefiape, but even ihe brothers ot
the euat tyran of the earth arc under the
neciRi’y of removing from the re. ch of hie
power. And where can the fugitives of
every couriry txptdla fecure, comfortable
arc hotiotahie aiylum, but under the pro
tt<:ior ot thr Botilh governrr.ent i Here
they areiiQt O’ ly fafe from the power of the
Tyrant, i u* nuy op.niy vent their feelings.
Ht'e,thiv Hula peop ! e, who not only dare
to tfc'n k arul fp 'k with fuedom, but who
print their ti-nriments without hetitation,
and comment upon the meafuret of Govern
nur'. Ho* mull (trar.grrs be flruck with
the v.onirafl ! As to the King of Sweden, it
is no* to be doubted, *hal the treatment
which he reirivid a'Yarmouth, will be a
(ample ol therefpeft andeftirm wnh which
his hetoic actions, and noble fentimenrs a*
Oriflft the Royal d-gradation of the Conti
Bent, muli have imprefled our countrymen
in grnrtabanci '.hat all ranks will vie in zeal
to give the fpiiited monarch a cordial wel
come.
ON CAPITAL PUNISHMENTS.
The case of a civil ruler and his
subject is much like that.of a father
and lus minor son. If the son be
have himself unseemly the father
maj correct him. If, after all due
fit:monitions and corrections, the son
should'prove to be incorrigible, the
father may expel him from his fatni-
ly ; and he may disinherit him ; but
he may not kill him !
All civil governments originated
in families.
The father of the family had a na
tural right of jurisdiction over h1s
descendants ; and an acquired right
on account oi the support and pro
tection afforded them during their in
fancy and childhood. And, by the
alliance or union of many families, it
became national. But the stream
cannot rise higher than the fountain.
If no father have a right to inflict the
punishment of death on his minor son
for any crime, then a million of fa
thers would have no right by thent-
&lycs or their representatives, to do
it* It) such caj»e, numbers, power and
substitution, considered either sever
ally or jointly cannot create or increase
i right. And I humbly conceive,
.a n the rightful jurisdiction of the
civil magistrate over any member of
ite community, never can rise high
er than that of a father over his son
during his minority. All civil, as
well as parental punishments,ought to
be tnii J, hum me and c orrective ; not
vindictive, inhuman and extirpating-!
Tney ougnt to be merciful not rigo
rous ; proportionate to the crime, not
excessive ; and tend to the reforma-
tityi of the delinquent, but not to ins
destruction; and should be inflicted
with reluctance, love and affection ;
not with passion, h.irdhcariedfieds
and asperity. The highest encomi
um that can be bestowed on good ru
lers, is when iie style them “ i’nt
fathers oi their suhjecis, and the pro
tectors of their rights”—The govern
ment of states and ol families, may
and ougnt to be conducted on nearly
the same principles. In a well ie-
gulatcd family a word of disapproba
tion, or only a frown irom. me mas
ter or mistress, w»h olteii prevent an
offence, or reclaim an offender. W ill
any one say, there cau i>\ no well re
gulated families, unl-.ss a drawn
sword stained with the blood ol their
predecessors and cotemporaries, be
continually pointed at the breast of
their members l And among enlight
ened Freemen, can no good civil go
vernment exist without the infliction
oi inhuman and sanguinary punish
ments ? Will not clemency, mode
ration and affection—and, if neces
sary, confinement, and humane correc
tions, tend more to lessen the num
ber and atrocity of crimes ; and to
promote the peace and safety of the
community, than inhumanity, and
blood shed ? Certainly they will.
The chords of love and duty will form
a stronger union than the terrors of
the sword.
The true end of all civil punish
ments is fourfold. 1, To make re
paration to the party injured. This
is commonly done by pecuniary a
mercetnents or fines. If reparation
can be made, or if correction be ne
cessary, it ought to be done speedily.
For the offender to cherish the hopes
of escaping with impunity lor a long
time after the commission of the
crime; and for the person who has
b cn injured to suffer long delay be-
!ore any compensation be made, or
any punishment be inflicted, Aiay
have a bad effect on the party and
on the public. A small penalty, sea
sonably applied, will frequently have
a more salutry effect than a great
one, long delayed- 2. To reform the
offender. 3. To deter others from
committing the like crimes. 4. To
promote the peace, happiness and
security of the community. The
last end may be attained by securing
-tnd confining the criminal; or bv ba
nishing and transporting him out of
her jurisdiction. Subjecting him to
hard labor and corporeal punish
ments, would deter others, and might
reform him. And, in many instan
ces, he might in that way trfake some
reparation. Subjecting him to death
cannot reform him, nor make any
reparation to the party injured. It
may in some persons, gratify a re
vengeful temper, which never ought
to be gratified. A public execution
may produce a momentary terror in
the spectators, but at the same time
it excites in them the emotions of pi
ty, humanity and sympathy, which
inclines them to take the part of the
sufferer, and to blame those who
inflict these sufferings upon him
These emotions are excited in the
breasts of the best part of the specta
tors j and cause even in them a tem
porary disaffection to the government.
If such emotions arc excited in the
best, what may wc not expect from
the worst part of the community. In
large and populous cities, great out
rages are often committed by the mob
'on such occasions. It is a general ob
servation in London, that the fequent
executions at Tyburn, have had a
most pernicious effect on the morals
of the people. At such times, great
numbers ot the most abandoned cha
racters in that populous city, flock to
gether, and celebrate the occasion
with revellings, drunkenness, and
profanity. Many persons pockets
are robbed of their money, watches,
&c. within sight of the gallows. And
thus the capital punishment of one
crime becomes the pernicious occasi
on for the commission of many !
It has been often said that “ the
blood ol the martyrs, was the seed of
the church.” And this observation
hath been verified by all the bloody
persecutions that have taken place a-
gainst the Chiffsiian Church ever
sir.ee the dead ftf Saint Stephen, the
first martyr. From all the histories
of these bloodv persecutions we mav
lcam this important pnd instructive
lesson, that the burning of heretics
increased theii 4 nitnibirr ; but tolera
tion by quenchiafthe fire extinguish
ed the name. And have we not found
bv long and sad experience, that the
blood of criminals is the seed of cri
minality ? and that by inflicting capi
tal punishments for civil crimes, the
d> pravity of mankind, instead ol be
ing cured,,fayh been greatly increas
ed.
I wouhffRliwf observe, that all
penalties ought tdffre proportionate to
the f fcrtni<? fot'to'bftft Yh a rtf Inffi ct e d.
That death is the’greatest penalty—
the ne plus ultra—which the civil
magistral 1 can inflict on any human
person. And it being in sill cases,
the extreme, will admit of no degree
of comparison ; and, therefore, can
not lie apportioned to the various
gradiS oi civil criminality. That the
jurisdiction of the magistrate extends
only towards spoken, and overt arts
so far as they arfc detrimental to so
ciety : but not to the punishment ol
silts as such. That all penalties in
flictecl beyond the demerits of the
crime are excess! ve and unjust. And
■thenfore, whenever the penalty of
death is inflicted for any crime be
yond its demerits, it must fie consi
dered as the shedding oj innocent
blood !—IVinJh a-n Herald.
THE JOURNAL.
moiTBSBMS.Vzmi.u «.
The public must certainly hnd it
difficult to determine, whether a
greater degree of dtkestacioii is ne
cessarily attached to the insidious
conduct of England, or the finesse oi
Bonaparte. We little expected that
a solemn engagement formed by th .
Jiitish Minister, would have been
rejected bv h.is govern ms nt on ac
count tif his exce.\ii..g the powers
with which be had been invested.
ButthauLnnl Wellesley, whose car
was placed almost at the feet ol
his sovereign, shbtdd either be mis
taken respecting the designs ot hr
government, or fail in complying
with his solemn declaration, is stii:
more astonishing. Tne uneqmvo
cal promise of his majesty, through
his minister, was, that whenever ihe
Berlin and Milan decrees ceased io
operate, their Orders in Counti'
would be rescinded. The time lv
already expired, when a , per.*' >rm
ance of this engagement was expect
ed. The conditions upon whicn u
depended are actually performed.
But we still look in vain for a com
pliance with their obligations. What
shall we expect from such a nation r
Surely we cannot expeet jmtice.
when their most solemn protestati
ons only serve 16 feed our minds
with visionary nojiqj, and prevent us
from acting a decisive part. Go hold
the raging winds with your hand,
the devouring flames with a thread,
the bursting volcano with your fin
ger, and then expect to bind tins Pro
teus with promises. Pimica fdcs wa \
once proverbial for Carthaginian
treachery, but not more deservedly,
so, than British fidelity. D > we sup
pose a lapse of years' and a continu
ation of insults and aggressions, ad
ded to the former, has prepared
them to do us that justice, a virt-adus
nation would net have hesitated to
perform ? As well might we. look
for speedy reformation ia the wretch
whose bosom is hardened by fa
miliarity with wickedness who,
like an infuriate tiger thirsts lor hu
man blood—whose obdurate hftart
never melts at distress.
On tlie other hand, view the con
duct of Napoleon. To dem mitrate
his attachment, to Americans,'his oi
fensive decrees are annihilated. But
in the conclusion of his declarations
of affection, lest our governin' m
should not discover their duty, he
puts in his ineffectual proviso, that
we cause our fag to be respected.
But what have we gained by the re
vocation of his decrees l What we
before possessed. • The inestimable
privilege of keeping duf produce at
home, or giving it to our enemies.
His 'duties as effectually exclude cur
commerce as his decrees had former
ly done. If it be a privilege to have
our property consumed by exorbi
tant duties instead ol by sequestration
and confiscation, wc are indeed a
privileged people. For the loss of
Guadaloupe, Martinique and Cay
enne, by the law (if reprisals, he re
tains all the American property
foqnd in his dominions. Whatever
losses he may sustain are to be re
imbursed by the Americans^ altho’
llv probability is. had the Embargo
and non-intercourse never exist; ii,
the British would have seized these
distant and defenceless possession^.
If was impossible for him to defend
them. The French islands east O
At 1 tea have also fallen into the band'
of England. This he could not pre
vent. For every inji: y sustained
either through their imbecility or
negligence, we must make rt p tnirioii
to the jjarty injured. All this he
Joes from pure, disinterestedfriend
ship to Americans.'
in this critical situation of affairs,
what will obr rulers do ? Shaij we
stand expostulating, threatening ne-
gbciutiirg & delaying Until our coutf-
trv U udiered to the verge of ruin :
Oar unavailing demands of justice
have long filled the eats of a gazing
world with ittt procut tag us r< d: ess.
The only advantage v. e have obtain
ed, is what the necessity of the times
lias produced. Our manufactures
begin to assume a eons- queuye that
fills the miud with pleasing antici-
patnas of'future independence—-An
independence that neither ruthless
ambition, foreign discord, nor insa-
tia e avarice can wrest from our
hands. Union, industry and liberty
can place us in a condition, to which
Ji-ise who depend on foreign com
.n-rceare entire stranger.-;. The va-
l ic-iy of our climate and productions
—the numerous bo d and naviga
ble rivers bat intersect our country ;
point to a period not very reptoic,
.vliMi a temporary suspension of our
t.o.iiniei ce cannot in itcriaily affect
as. O .r govenvnwt cannot too
eagerly pursue measures calculated
u) u 1 t un this desirable end ; nor our
ciu/.i ns too strenuously support their
tit-signs.
A btd f P irceliuii Car apparently
iftxhmftihle, lias been ntlcavered in
M . 'kcoii, Vermont, «ud a company tg
no.v forming with a view of manufactur
ing kocke’-y a id Glenn Wee. The
c'ay has already been IbaC f ‘u :y ufed .o
make put y, as a pii it, aud tor Itone
ware.
We are informed that Mr. Mo-
rier, the British Charge des if.uies
has protested iu form and handed
an 'oie memorial to government, a
gainst our taking possession of West
Fiorida.—-Dem ocratic Press.
PRIZE MEDALS,
offered by the Humane Society of
Philadelphia.
Tii success which h»3 hitherto at-
. n 1 -d the efforts made to restore
suspended animation has been high
ly encouraging, but it is well known
that these endeavors are often una
vailing. It remains then not only to
strive to discover some mare eflici-
. nt means for the attainment of ;h a
d sirable purpose, but also to \ «pr
lain tlie time and circumstances in
which such attempts tnav be made.
The managers of the Society, al-
ih nigh disappointed in not receiving
a so* cessiui communication, yet do
not led discouraged. They are
aware of the difficulty of tlie subject,
but .u.lv convinced of its importance.
Under the e impressions, they arc in*
duc«-d to offer—
For tire best Dissertation on the
means of restoring to life persons
apparently dead by Diowning, and
more effectually than any yet in
use, GOLD MEDAL, value Two
Hundred Dollars.
For ihe second best, a PIF.CE
OF PLATE, value One Hundred
Dollars.
The Dissertations are to be sent
to the Secretary of the Society (post
paid) by the first day, of Juuuary,
1313.
They may be written in the F.n
glish, French or Lanin language, io
be accompanied with a sealed paper,
containing the author’s name and
place ol residence, which is not to
he opened unless the prize is dc
creed.
They shall be submitted to the
judgment and decision of the Medi
cal Professors of the Uuiversny oi
Pennsylvania;
By order of the Managers olTht
HUMANE SOCIETY.
, JOSUTt CK UC It SI! A NX, PrCS.
Isaac snowuen, Scc’ry..
Philad. Oct. IO. 1810.
The President has becit censured
for issuing bis jiroclanution dedal-
ing the Berlin osid Milan decrees re
voked, we think without good reason.
In issuing that Proclamation he iile
rally conformed to an act of Congrts-.
on that subject. We have the high
est respect for the good intentions of
Mr. Madison, and believe him sin
cerely devoid to rhat he conceives
to 1?e Uiebtji iatarcats iifA ,;
try,.anil are very far from •J ’Vt 4 * '
that heqwoukl duhignetllv jeon'#*'
aar commerce to favour the in. n'" *
mis ambition of Bonaparte. If r
-hould unfortunately not result fr-
this arrangement the W.mo is not
with the President.— Raleigh Star.
THE INDI uTgIRL’S SONG.
Oh ! whi’her doth my Warrior (tray t'
He hath been absent all tbe day.
To, f< ek him when- flw’l Jo;' A roam? »
My Aoam ne’er will see bis home.,
He’s mrr’y murdered in the wood,
O*- huried in yon foaming flood—
Ah l me, my ey< i they elbfe in furrow,
They'll ling fur me tlie to-morrow.
i- . St't-'■'■ ■'*'
But when they lay me onthr hief.
My Adam’s Bpiiit w II he rear;
And when these limb* in earth are laidf
The warrior then may claim bii maid.
(W T. Columbian- }
London papers to the 1st D.eeu:-
ber haw been received at New-
York.— The Orders in Council had
not been repealed.—The Ling siul
continued il'.—T 1 e BrltishSt Frewli
armies in Portugal remained neai ty
in their former suuatiou.
On the lir'h ult. Mr. F.ppes, as
Chairman of the Committee of Fo
reign IMa’tinns, ititroriurrd in ihe
House of Ktprdsent.uives, a Non-
Intercourse Bill, interdicting British
vessels from entering our water* af
ter the 2d February, (5 •.tUrdtiV last jj
also prohibiting the importation off.
British goods, &C.
The bill for the renewal of the
Charter of the Uti .1 States’ Bank
is considered as finally losr. The
question was taken, in committee of
the whole of the homteof represen
tatives, on the 8th mat. unon Mr,
Burwell’s motion for Strikmg' ore
thv first section of the bill for renew
al, and carried', 59-to 46. 'Si tb:.n
the bill mils preseut slup^, is arhero
nullity.
Tlie bill for the admission of Or
leans Territory into the Union has
passed the House of Representatives
bv a large niajoritj’. As a similar
bill passed the Senate during the last
session, there is little doubt of its
also passing that body.—-Hat. Int.
I shall be absent from the “state for
a few weeks.
J. B..Cfoptpn.
Putnam countv, Feb 6 15—it*
Caution.
All pcrfjns are cau.i.med aginfl cut
ting any Lumber or comnntt ng an/ u< *
predations un lot N». 295 adjoining the
common of Miiletigeviile, as they will be.
proleculcd io (lie uiuiofl ngour of the
law.
Hor Murbury,
F'-brusrv 6 15—.4c.
Lost or ‘Mislaid,
\ note of hand, given by Archibald
M K,izeck to thr subscriber, fi r twenty
tlir'-e dall.rs due 25tfi Drcrmbwr lul •
All peri'ons are for warned not to take an
aflignmcni of laid note, at it lias been
paid
Wm. Smith,
February 6 -lt^ •
— 1 111 —-■■■'■ ■ ■ ■ ■■ —■ ■*
Left at this office,
Some wceksago, (probahlv by mis
take) two Door Locks, with brass
mountings, find two other Lofk/> of
smaller size—The owner efii: gef
them on applrcation.
February 6 ..15—3Wk
Notice. ’
Nine months after date application will
be ruade to the Honorable the Inferiorr&wrfc
of Kuidtflph couifiy for leave to fed 30& l-C
acres of land n Morgan county, V" 140,
28th diftrief.—Alio. 188* acres in Walhing.
ton cnni'ty, Buffa'oc C'eek near the Ocon>e
rivet | Alio 88 i.g acre* id Ptrlslki county,
part of No. S, 22d difirict. belonging to tfiw
cilate of Jabu Mufca, decealcd.
Moses Per Tins, dna
Thomas,C- Moses,
i AJminjJirauirt.
February s
siil
13—rn£» n.p
fafttifi’# 4 :
On the first Tuedsay ia March next,
at the Coart-House in the town p(
Munticdlo, beta eon the usual hum's,
u ILL BE SOLD,
IO 1 1-4 acres of Land,
ic being part oi lot No 8, ip tlie 15th
district of Baldwin, now Randolph
county, levied oa as the property of
Jacob Mercer and James Waldio,
to satisfy an execution in favor, of
rtaiisom Swiuney, child it ions cash^
. l-J,.Evans. D. Ss
February 6 15—td* *