Newspaper Page Text
Up tJoum.nl.
Mtlt.GDOKVIl.LE, APRIL 29, 18*3.
EUROPEAN AFFAIRS.
placed all my glory and viiy responsibility in
([/* Some people who are always med
dling with w hat does not concern them, have
given to our notice ol'“G ” an application
utterly nnwiirrat ted hy fact, Becauso a
certain gentleman’s name happens to begin
null G, lie must lie the person alluded to—
W'lmiiaMr. reasoning this ! There never was
> ..lore tamo and impotent conclusion.
^£7’’ .Vric Southern Stale—Prune time ago
.01 article appeared in some of the northern
papers in which it was stated that St. Salva-
: or of Guatemala, the most* s-niihcin of the
; rovlncea of Mexico, had declared its inde
pendence, and Solicited of our government
an union with the to stales. There tv is so
much of the appeal ante of improbability in
this statement, that tve wcic entirely incred
ulous, and threw it aside as unworthy of
notice. Others, who noticed it, supposed it
to refer to the provinces or states south of
the Isthmus of Darien.—The following ob-
•servuions, however, show that there is more
truth in it titan tve at first suspected.
Capt. Tyler, who brought the document
la question from Honduras, was requested hy
hi- consignee to give it extensive publicity in
tbi- c Ml’ilfV ; and it contains, it* its original
shape, irrefragable evidence of its refening
to th'St United States : mention is made of
the number of inhabitants wi ich the pro
vince should contain, in order to entitle it to
admission into our Union, also of religion
existing in tile two nations ; and the Con
gress express the conviction that, notwith
standing. as there is in this country no nati
onal religion, or any known to the consiitu
tin,i, ah licing equally protected, they shall
he allowed the uudistiubed enjoyment ol
their own. Repeated allusion is likewise
in ide to the principles of our free constitu
tion, The original manuscript has heen
transmitted to the Department of State.
(£/* On the 8th inst. was held t|in Annual
Medical Commencement in the College of
Physicians and Surgeons in the city of New
Tfoik. The degree of Doctor of Medicine
w*s conferred on the following gentlemen
from Georgia:
1. V.dward .7. I'roddus, on the Secalc
Corniitnm.
2. Thomas C. Ttroicn, on Icterus.
3. Benjamin F. Green, on Hepatitis.
•i. David L. Sparks, on Anasarca.
5., Hubert ,V. Titular, on D'a he ter.
Bl tekwood’s >115ar.i1* lias always
been remarkable for its adherence to lory
doctrines. The light in which it regards the
approaching contest on the continent, is good
ovi lgnec of the feeling of the government
party, towards Spam, y’lio following ox-
fra'-t on this subject i; worthy of attention on
m my accounts—it is an example of intense
finding, forcibly expressed, equal to any thing
ol the kind we have seen.
A -rnunlic in Spain " II seek its fellow in a
republic in Italy With Spam and Italy revnl
Cmitited, how long will France remain tran
qm .’ H hv long will Ocrmany, already heav-
imr,\ic repiuing and mu' nniriug, bef ne It ours 1
itit, a resistless storm ’ Win 11 these lliinqi come,
sjti.it will bo the late of England ? I* there.
«v » on*, no necre transit to- th revolutions-
tj stream through the heart of her sol l We
« ill pursue this topic no tin I nr. lh us <ok r-
1 at ' And it is beyond all rlcni jI, that lit 'whole
continent is at this boor la n state of ii.teriial
eonAilsion j that Ido* tiro spirits ol •'andemotii-
«xerc it mn'ong the more poweirul minds
ol Europe a seune ■ t loss arid d, feat, a desp, -
rate loss of fierce hatardi-n w il l .ml (le y
dream of rebel grandeur, to he w n hy h r e <>t
arms. The Frenchm u cast on In-ground hy
fnrtmro of war, feels his hostility in ihroties
sw' x'ingniilied i th Oe un.n. wh • fought lor
h.- co-inlry under the pr .iixse of iicv sti'.u
lion, feels los hopes defeated .he I alien,
fr ru I of Ids ancient oirm lies n . il rg ten 1
thouiond fntlmnis d. ep f oin tin .■ idci.1 in !
dependence, feels and grn.sm ; Pole I a
de l with the Russian fe.l rr, f,., !s and ^ur |
ids degradation. Through the whole circuit I
of the con'inent there is hut one p epam ion
gre.i' and terrible, Cor n catos'roph" I whirl I
no ina ' can Calculate the horrors or di: elo.e, j
The fit Id is sown with the se pei i t,:eth ol
bitterness, ruimd ambition an 1 invetera e dis
card. Are w to sec it send up its haiv t ,tol
the sjictrTlie thrones of the Continent star d
in tins h *0 n tiniyliij cemetiry .It is in ti e
Will ol Octl w .ether the dea l cli-dl he added to
th dt.nl. "tid the na'iops uwlf away, or wheth
er ‘lit* trumpet shall sound, the g-sves he hr k
ca up, and all be tenor, jn tgment and run
CHARLESTON, APRIL it).
fty the ship Certs, Capt Kiiiikkh, in 32
day. frtnn Havre, we have cimnnemal «d-
vicesTturn t|*nt city to tlielStii M .i' li, ,.,i »
regular file of the Paris “ Messt tiger," toilie
13'lt wftlie same mouth—extracts in in which
follow.
Wat appears certain ; hut it was not sttp-
j» . a that England would take any p.m in.
th ootist. The extracts from Letters, with
w i.lt welne hern politely favored, and
which'will 00 found Ucloa, all tend to con
firm this tiv ’nt.
A ch 1.go tux heen determined upon in
.he Spanish ministry—-I nt it was asserted it
M uliid, as . as the Tin nil. that the new
Ministry would not he allowed to assume the 1
reins sst government, so much were ti.e pop- |
•1 CO Opposed to litem, and to tit* Oldert lor I
Which rlwsstnpposad they had beer qrpoirrt- i
te . —to enter into uo.v neguetations with he
lilies.
.S 'veral French marshals and other officers \
bail left Pails lot tin frontiers, &t the march- I
ing of troops in tint direction was expedited
ii nu all points.
The army of Portugal watorgnnizing, and |
the first division was to march for the lion- j
tier of Spain nntu'diately. ^
| The following is the speech of Prince de the renewal of the union between France
j Talleyrand, delivered on the occasion of the ! and the House of Bourbon ; to prevent as far
Chamber of Peers taking into ronsideration j as in me lay the work of wisdom and justice,
the project oftlie address to bs presented in from being compromised hy rash and foolish
I passions.
The King is deceived, my Lords; it is
answer to the King's speech :
“My Lords—sixteen years invo elapsed j
this day, since invited by him who then t our dulv to undeceive him.
avid is calculated to make very erroneous im-
presslorri.
Thus has Virginia lost one nflter bravest
and most worthy sons, and the Navy one of
its brightest ornaments. 1 would ask how long
we are to submit to the shedding of our best
blood hy those dastardly Spaniards, who
would not dare to meet us openly? The
rilled the world, to stauv mv opinion relative
to the contest about to be engaged in with the
people of Spain, I Had the misfortune to ex
cite his displeasure hy unfolding futurity to
Ins view; bv rlisrlnsing to him all the dangers
which would spring up un all side, dtiru g an
attack not less unjust titan rash and presump
tuous. Disgrace was the reward of my sin
cerity. The regulations of destiny are ex-
traoiilinary ; after so many years 1 him again
called upon to renew the same efforts, to
urge the same counsels to our legitimate
Sovereign.
“ The Spoc'eli from the Throne has caused
tile Inst hopes of nil the friends of peace
nearly to vanish. It threatens Spain; and
uiy duty obliges me to say that it seems to
me alarming to France. At all t vents war
has not yet hn k mi forth. Peers ol France,
one moment remains, one moment is left to
you, to save the King, to save your country
from the risk of so dangerous an enteipri.au;
hasten then to make use of it— to Htlfil the
most sacred of duties to undeceive the
King, a..used as lie is with respect to 11 C w fli
es of France, the wants of his people, his ow n
peculiar interest, ami not less titan with 1
gard to the state of Spain which i- now rep-
rescue I to him as enfeebled by intestine
disseniions.
“Toe wish of France—it is almost super |
lluous to say it— Ibo « ish of ali Ft no e is lor
peace. Sated with the glory of .11 in a, she
nattered herself that tinder the government
ot her King, she suould he enabled to recruit,
during the leisure of peace, the strength
wasted in a war of tlurtv years. All the
patties of this vast empire, composed as ’. ;e_>
are of many vaiintis interests, arc unanimous
on this question, Lille thinks as btrasl tug,
Lyons and Bordeaux, Matseilles as G.i no
hie. The most various party spud cannot
deny this truth.
“ And how could it lie otherwise? Has
not the merchant of Bordeaux and o! Mar
teilles, in this case, the same interest as the
lucuufacluter ol Lyons and of Rouen ? Is
not the one (lire netted w ith having all the
treasures whii h he intrusts to the sea, sn .l, li
ed from him ? D tes not the other see the
moment approaching when his rnamineto-
ries must el ise, which have hitherto formed
the source of his glory an I of the prosperity
of his country ? Shall I speak of that from
daily labour ?
“Each individual belonging to this class
already knows hy tl e redaction of a pint ol
Ins labour, that nt future ho will rev cive , dy
a portion of those earnings whit h ate nect ■ s-
ary for the support of Ins finely, and 1! >1
Ire m ty, from day to day, ha <U priv- d of the
last resource ? (Jan you suppose, My Lords,
that agriculture will be inon (<>1 tuna e— that
it wi.l escape flu: dangers which threaten
commerce a ,d imhivrv ? In our perfected
system of such ty all ila«ies arc united in
one chain of general welfare. The eutnar-
lassiuetits of the mercantile will lie felt by
the 11 'ss of eullivaiois, and wur agriculture
ton will lind a loss it. the un liters who w ill
go to destruction in t, .0 tleso 1 .10 plains oftlie
peninsula.
’• O, that the powerful of the earth could
count tip the still 1 ages ol this dread ltd nm-
ineiit! On our side is m ujliled people;
on the other—, rial shall I say ?— are some
imlivxlu ii itiien s s, w ho stiiiggle to make a
i«vu,«iimt, cuucoi 1 ed 11 hy all lor the ft«»
eral lienriil of society, suhsement to tils ir
own private itdv.o tige. Those self same
chtvali us sentiinciil., whirl* in 17811 attracl-
He is told that his people wish for war; day of vengeance must certainly come.
The blood of Cocke will loudly claim a re
taliation ; and if the Spanish Government
does not render an eflectual ami prompt a-
toncinent, *ve must, and we ought, to demand
it at the point of the sword. Upon no prin
ciple of justice, or policy, can this act be de
fended. We must attribute it solely to the
his people i'cmic peace.
“ He is told that the honor <>f his crown
is compromised by his not revenging the in
sults nfiVied to Ferdinand. 11 is ancestor
Lours XIV. 1 id not revenge insults f*r more
flagrant ; and yet in a question of dignity
Louis \1V. i, .1 model not to be despised.
The Inpnini ss of France is the* glory of inimical disposition of the Military Coin
Louis XVIII and he is worthy of enjoying
it.
“ He is tol.l that Spain, a prey to anarchy,
is dangerous to Fiance. Let tacts answer
for themselves. Is it true that anarchical
dorr l ines have made an alarming progress
in Frame ? On the contrary, has not power
made lapid conquest among us since the 1 ev
olution of Spam.
“ Let us not be afraid, ntv Lon!*, topres-
ent the truth to the King ; Im never rejects
it, and it is in tins confidence that I support
the amendment which lias just peer* propos
ed tinm hv the Baron dr Durante. May
ilia,majority of this ( number he induced hy
their fidelity to the K tig and tlie Chamber,
lo siitietimi it bv their votes !
“My Lords, I will say only nmi word 1
moie, and it is to nk you whether no one •
lias any doubt with icspe t to the secret ,
w sites ol Ferdinand VII. I permit myselfa '
personal opinion on this point , I ground it
on past events; Imt ton well known to me.
Assuredly the Kmgof Spa^i w as never more j
ompletrdv ilepiived of ;lw liberty, than dll-
1 ts of.
it ion
. the
ed
e the
the ni
not | icsi
again de.
Ft rune w«
in ay. My
a i • ne tunc u -
ol byntniy in-
T iiitciests »
110, cut the intei
oltI hatted, fixed
•• Inch is less eagi
conquer—i’ is a 11
to take on the In
“ Ai d w Hat art
htncrous, and seduced
e t nthusiaslie, yet could
imate Mouarrhy, nnn*
1823, nolwilhklamlit'r:
pi • nt its legitimate Mott-
s, tin question nl war ,s nis,
’ pi s' d to say, a qin stiou
quc timi of party alone,
raliiy are not at stake, ; I
a pm ty, • teatly to its |
* i ' dd prejn .'iC' ., and 1
■tt in than to to- I
liieh sum. 1 seel, |
I dii I’yrcnee .
nmiiv.’s t ged to in- ;
tins melancholy oceasiot*; and his cotnuiu
nil atnui would have heen considered highly
satisfacloiy lor the present, had he not at
tempted to casta pait of the odium of the
transaction from the commandant, to capt.
John Porter, to whom he says a communica
tion was made by that officer, informing him
that no more of the sqnadion would he al
lowed to enter the port; and desired him to
make this prohibition known to the commo
dore. But capt. Porter denies that any such
communication was ever made to him.
The officers of a British squadron then ly
ing in the port, evin ed the most lively sensi
hility on this occasiun. Every attention and
kindness, in their power, was shewn by them
to those of our vessels: ami every demonstra
tion of lespect to the remains of our deceas
ed Irien l and brother officer. ' The enclosed
ring ihe seven ye.it's "f his oaptm'y at Va- j order of procession, at the funeral of capt.
lemi-t ; and I appo il to some of my noble j Cocke, will shew the part they took on that
tlleagues to reeal to their recollections that 1 melaneliolv occasion ; and the letter which
accompanies it, will evince that neither the
Commander in chief nor the commanders
anti others, serving under him, have heen
unmindful of the acknowledgements due to
Sir Thomas Cochrane, and lo all those at
tached to his squadron.
O11 tho 12tli the Shark and the small
schooners which had accompanied her in the
examination of the south side of Porto Rico,
joined us ; captain Perry fell iu with a num
ber of vessels but none of a suspicions char
acter ; among tluni were several Colombian
crtii/.ers, and privateers fion* tins island
which produced certificates of having board
ed American merchantmen and treated them
politely.
At the time of leaving Agttado (where as
.some atonement for the outrage committed
at St. Johns, every attention w as paid us by
the inhabitants,) the Sltaik was dispatched
t" the coast of Caraccas, and thence down
the Maine, as f ir as La Vera Cruz, to pro-
tee' oor commerce. A detachment of four
of the small S'liootic rs were sent down the
sooth side of St. Domingo and Cuba, to ren
dezvous at Thompson's island, with orders to
give the coasts ot those islands a thorough
examination. The store ship Decoy with
about BOO men, accompanied hy one of the
small schooners, was ordered to take the
same route, for the purpose of throw ing her
self in the way of pirates. 'Die Sea Gull
steam galliot, with one small schooner, was
with similar instructions ordered down the
north side of St. Domingo ami Cuba ; and
after their departure the commodore sailed
sv it it t lie Peacock accompanied hy two simill
schooner.*, pursuing his course down the
with the exception of those in Mexico, is the
oldest town in Noitli America. It was pil
laged by Sir Francis Drake in 1086, by the
Indians in 1611, and in IG60 by Capt Da
vis. In 1763 the country was given to Great
Britain, and in 1784ag.nn reverted (o Spain.
Pensacola was founded some time before
15'JG, for in that year it was taken from tho
French hy Riola. In 1719 it was retaken,
and in 1722 restored to Spain. When the
country was given up to Spain in 1784, it was
entirely evacuated by the British ; and- the
subsequent policy of the government has al
most entirely excluded all but Spaniards.
The minute description of the coast fur
nished by this work, confirms many particu
lars of former accounts and contradicts oth
ers. It is lined with innumerable shoals and
low sand banks, which in several places af- and the poor remains of all the aboriginal
ford long navigable passages protected from population does nnt exceed 131)0 souls,
the sea, and well calculated for .1 safe and We have been led to make these length-
The captain generalof the island has ex- | convenient coasting trade. A little expense cited observatimrsontlrecontentsof this hook,
pressed to the commodore his deep regret on ! would he sufficient to extend these advanta- on account of the additional interest which is
ges, and to open a species ol canal commit- felt in every tiling concerning Florida since
ideation along the whole e.astern coast, with its cession to the U. States ; and we hope that
but a few interruptions. The. western coast the account we have given may aid itscircu-
partakes of the same formation, though it lation,as the author appears to us to have
would seem iu a less degree ; and the first been particularly studious in the collection
approach from the water must necessarily af- of facts, and to have comprised a great deal of
ford one of the most monotonous scenes that valuable information within a small compass,
can be imagined. It is similar in many With regard to composition, bis ertors are
respects to tbe shores of our Southern Slates, those of a foreigner ; but lie is so nearly mas-'
but often presents a still more perplexing na- I ler of our language that he frequently writes
vigation and a more inhospitable soil. Con- j with great correctness, fluency and taste,
sidcrable tracts are frequently noticed which
andant ; the same person, who has lately
had so many difficulties with our naval offi
cers, on tins station ; and who had been su
perceded a few weeks previously.
rious periods tod circumstances oftlie nu
merous grants under whicu claims nre now
set up to laud in the Floridas ; and that on
the “ Keys and Wreckers,” furnishes a strik
ing picture of the dangers as well as the dif
ficulties which the navigator has to apprehend
on many parts of the coast. With regard to
the Indians, his remarks, though few, are suf
ficient; as the detail of their histoiy for the
last200 years, coultl furnish littleclse than an
affecting story of their sufferings. The ear
liest travellers iu rhe country represent it to
have been nearly as well peopled as Mexico
itself; and the ruins of many towns are still
distinguishable along several rivers, and the
signs of former cultivation among the tracts
nt ground now covered with heavy forests.
Some ol the tribes are now entirely extinct.
.t that painful period neither their honora
ble names nor llie.tr tmieliing rlevotcdness
could inspire that monarch with sufficient
c 'hfidence to remove from his mind the im-
ptesston, that lire n111 nipt which they were
tiling to in ike for Ins deliverance was noth,
mg hut no 1 of temerity of which ho would
he the victim; and my personal relations
with King Ferdinand have authorized me
to lo here, tint these refusals arose ftom a
noble confidence in the fidelity of his stih-
j ets, to e In e (Ming* and attachment he
wished to me hi> liberation. 11 is lust olr-
servalic notwithstanding the (tiffeicnce of
the 'inn. , affords you 1111") opportunities for
""III, lllisoll.”
COMMODORE rUKTUCS SOP.lDItO.V.
K .(1 icl of a li'U( r to the Kdilars of the Jiirhmcnd
Enquirer, from an utliccr in the United States >’a-
vv, Jat* d
United Stales' Ship I'eacct!;, iff)
K 1 ;/ Guinihts, March 22, 1823. $
As the expedition muler Uuiutnodoic I*or-
tei has excited unusual interest 1:1 nil parts
of our Cfniiitiy,l have thought th.it .1 short
sketch of iu operations might be perused
with inn rest hy a portion of the readers of
the Enquirer ; I tlterefine take the liberty of
giving you a hasty account of our proceed
ings thus far.
The squadron left the Capes of Virginia
on the IO1I1 of February, and 1 cached tho Is
land of St. Thomason the 2d of March,
without any occurrence ol note. On its ar
rival there, tho Commodore was informed
that many depredations lind bi.cn committed
on oor commerce by privateers fitted out
fiom Porto Rice, and that soino of them | south side ol St. Domingo and Cuha,cxaui-
iluce France; F.ai.ee > hap, . so nanquil,
> prosperous, to es pose icrsell to the risk o|
I war against Span ? (1, what has Fram
to C"inpia,ii ? Ail is it do < d to this sin pie
proposition—tlii- hpauisli Chatter is lull of
nnpetfcM turns.
“ ] agree in that proposition, u is full of
imperfections Blit when havener, wring
nations received tho authority of exacting
from an independent poopl' the reiot ination
of their political! tws ? If this theory s.e uu-
unlt*d, what becomes 01 me independence
of nations ? What axiratnlimirv repnm
rvlia*. wonderful Lycurgus's will not !d() 000
soldiers form, espei rally when '.00,000 re;
ready to follow their truck? Where is lie, j
wlio would be (I- or ived hv leispolitical (Ouix- |
otism ? it is thought that (be secret ol this |
new crusade will loi.g continue a mysu i\ in j
the <:\ a'ol lb* people of all urtrifs ? No, |
no, my lords, Spain has eonqu, red fiee uni
for heiself; S; to is no longer , vein
privileged individuals; she affords i sp.. 1
tie intolerable to pi ide ; tt cannot Le toll -
ted, and what is to betln 1 vent ? In Span ,
what was mtff"etimll; uiu-mptcd in l ,v nm ,
is to be attempted, viz :—a counter rtvoiu
lion.
“ I am well awnrcthatlhe in-udde movers :
II tins grand 1 oospiracy against the liber ties j
ofiite people, ate tint so stupid as In „ pm: '
to any success by the se e etfarts of their par- i
tizans ; wlratth uisn • ility the support
otr which hey rt, then l , .t ho; i? fl'ey I
da not know it; th v wo . shuii r il they
were requite I to st..: it ’ E.a .s, ;
were, at that lime, hovering about the sooth
side of that Island. Tut Osimmi'loM' itumfl-
diately dispatched Lieut. Coin’d). Ferry in
the Shark, with the Ferret, Terrier and
Weasel, to scour that part oftlie coast and
to itlui it the iks' cssary protection to our com
merce, whilst tie with the remainder oftlie
squadron, saii< it on the following morning
for St. Johns, the capital of Ihe island of Por
to Rico, to am ertain liottr the auti.oiittes, the
number and description ol the piivatcers,
commissioned at that place; and the extent
and nature of the blm kc.de, of the coasts of
O'dunibin'iind Mexico said to he enforced
by these pr .'tiers. To sate time, the
schooner Giey Hound, Capt. John Poiter,
was sr" t alittatl with a dispatch tu mo Cap
tain 1 neral, and with orders to wait n err-
tain nie for an answer and then rejoin us.
O me 5’,ii the squadron arrived off .he. port,
■. ul on tlie following morning L'em. Com
mandant Will. }i. < I eke, ill the Fox, " is
sent in w iih a le'tei from the Commodore to
C i nt rs i ii Porter, asking certain information
of him, with ulii li he was directed to re-
inilig every place which would be likely to
give shelter to a pirate. On the 18th of this
month our boats landed at Ivey Savanal,
and there found a house abandoned except
hy a number of blood hounds, which from
appearaii'.' s justified the belief that it was a
rendezvous lor pirates, as several muskets
were fiaind in it;—Barrels of Beef marked
“Boston,” various casks and boxes, of diff
erent brnnos and marks ; but as no tinder
standing with the government of Cuba bad
yet taken place, rt was thought best fur tbe
piescnt to let things remain as they were.—
On me next day being ne«r tlie Key (J011-
lites, in the narrowest pmt of the old .Baha
ma ciianm I, and formerly a favorite place of
resmt for tbe pirates, the boats of the Pea
cock with seventy tnen, wi re armed and
prepared for an expedition against them.—
On the afternoon of the sume day found tlie
two Biiti-h ships of war Thracian and Tyne,
engaged in the same pursuit as our-elves,
their boats all absent, and bad been fur sev
eral days, with piovisions for a week. The
slops had been five weeks on this service,
tm " immediate!v. On bis entering tbe Ii r- and had taken nothing.
ml passing the fort, >• e observed that
s 'vend guns were fired ; but as no change
was made in t lie m-triem res oftlie Fox, we
did not suepose they could have be* 1 tired
at her. The squadron remained off tho
harbor until Mt'.ser, when the Pecc re it stood
within three or four miles ot the anchorage,
m l we s ;i» the schoonr 1, nt no disposition
being evinced to join 1 . , the Commodore
d (it mined to go t.i A guado for w atcr, where
i" ha I directed ' absent vessels to join
it.in; knowing it iiey were detained, that
Ins piesei.ee off tlie port would be of no ser-
' tee ; for, the iiatt"ries were so strong as to
ret.(hi .nr. attempt i fours on them unavail
ing: 1 ven with ten limes our present force ;
til'd ii 'I. v were not, tlt"V would join us on
the day I il, wing, at Agnatlo. We lltere-
■ore prot idled to that place, anti remained
. ti! the 10th, before w e were relieved from
ne of the most painful anxiety and sus-
Thc next morning the two small schoon
ers and boats were despatched to examine
the 1 o 1st and Keys, from Key Cordites to
Mat iiizns where they are to join us, a dis
tance of more, than 200 miles. It being near
the Equinox, and the weather look ing threat
ening, it was thought best, w ith the weaken
ed condition of tho crew, to seek a safe an
change for the Peacock; we therefore run
over, and anchored near this Key, which
lies in lat. 22 deg. 16 in. N. and long. 78 deg.
7 nt. \V. on the edge of the Bahama Bank.
All our force is now in full operation, and
every place known to be the resort of pirates
will he thoroughly examined, hut the result
cannot lie known to us till our arrival at
Thompson’s Island. Wc feel, however, quite
sanguine of success.
present a fair picture of tin Arabian desert ;
and shipwrecked sailors have sometimes per
ished there with thirst, though it is stated
that a hole scraped iu the sand will gener
ally furnish a supply of pure, wholcsuine
water.
The mouths of numerous rivers lie behind
these shoals and sandy islands, most of w liieh
arc navigable for a few miles, bordered with
narrow stripes of fertile land, and furnish
good mill seats, although they usually take
their rise among low marshy lands or swamps
which abound so much as to form a leading
feature iu the country. Indeed a large part
of tire whole interior of East Florida is little
else than one immense swamp nr savannah,
known by the name of the Glade or JWver
Glade,af which we find the following des
cription : “Its general appearance is a fiat
sandy surface mixed iu with large stones
and rocks, w ith from six inches to two feet
of water, in which is a growth of saw and
other water grasses, so thick as to impede
the passage of boats where there is no cur
rent. Over this jic a, number of islands and
promontories, many of which are of hum
mock growth, with mixtures of pine and cab
bage tree laud, each spot doubtless capable
in some degree of cultivation ; blit deteriora
ted by being placed iu a situation so difficult
of access, ami exhibiting so forbidding an as
pect, that for the present all attempts to pen
etrate across have been repelled, and the un
satisfied traveller lias been sent back, unable
to accomplish the object of his mission, and
; confused in his efforts to head the mazes of
this labyrinth of morasses.” For a great
patt ofits length the Never Glade is dividod
from the Atlantic by a ridge ofelevated land
five or six miles across, which sometimes
semis out spurs and bluffs to the water’s edge,
and with tho aid oftlie east wind, prevents
(lie unhealthy exhalations of the great
stvamps from extending beyond the regions
that produce them, and leaves tlie whole eas
tern coast pleasant and salubrious. This part
of the country, however, is not blessed with
the richest soil, and its population is very thin
and poor. J_,arge tracts of it have passed suc
cessively into several bands, and are now
deserted, having proved by some means or
other injuiious, or at least unprofitable to
tire cultivator.
it seems that tlie most fertile species of soil,
is that which our author distinguishes hy the
name of “Low Hammock,” and is usually
situated on the bunks of ponds and rivers. It
will produce the most exhausting crops, such
as corn, hemp and sugar ; but is first to lie
cleared of a heavy growth of timber, as well
as drained and dyked to secure it from being
overflowed. Fine lands are very abundant iu
Florida, Imt a large part ol them have a good
and valuable soil, notwithstanding the barren
nature of those in the neighboring parts of the
United States. “The general character of
the Florida lands,” says our author, “ is light;
lands ol different granulations, and sandy
loams based upon lime stone,or clay at a va
riety of depth, are chiefly to be found; and
from this lightness they arp not perhaps ca
pable of bearing a succession of exhausting
crops ; but neveithcless thejluud when thrown
into old fields soon renovates itself,” This
self-icstorative quality is ascribed to the sa
line particles brought from the ocean by the
winds.
The native productions of Florida are nu
merous and valuable, in some parts live
oak was formerly abundant, but it lias now
been almost rut down. The wild grape
promises to afford a pleasant ami wholesome
M. Maxtih has been exi ludeJ limn tho 1 * 1 '' support, «ilhout u icli ;
an
Ch .inucr of Deputies, for tlie remainder of
the present session by a vote of that body. The
firm eedings were of the most ii"tousilcscrip-
Tion. He appeared iu bis seat the day atier
Ihe vote wespass *d for bis expulsion and re
fused to retire unless compelled to do so by
force. A detachment ol the guards wem
then introduced, and lire officer iu command
ol die veterans produced an order to remove 1 I ,M ru t
M. Manuel, which was extended to the set- no '
geant, wlio as well as the s'ddters of the na
tional Guards refused to obey. Tlie officer
then retire J, to receive the orders of the I’re-
sidturt of the chamber, vho, wrh all tho
Members except those friendly to M.Mah-
ukl, had previously withdrawn. A strong
dctac) men* of Gendarmes, headed by a Colo
nel and otheroffiiicts, then entered the house,
and M.M.still refusinglu retire, the Gendar
mes look him l.y Utc arms, while an officer
grasped bun bv the collar, and he was thus
draggci out of the chamber, surrounded by
1 tittup, 1
yet
tit , this
ill tho
Itops of
d our
I
is ti e support ot foreigners,
said that the hypoth sis is a
parricidal which h ia been arc*
pay'. 1 of the day, tin c ehccrle. •
the . ssions which a„ utc the su
nan ■■ ! mds.
“I t that is th p< of the limig ■ r, on
whom -y will i 'mpelleil to plac ih.ur
0 ? V '. is lie to rcr ive lot Ins
co "oer 1 in nroust its transac
tions? >• no will, ■ * arm: s, who will
provi-ron them ? A- i ly it 1 the tin-
fortunate Spain—she ■■ »o tr. no, she
has scarcely enough 1 sup) ly hei o'vn sub
sistence—she is rich in com y alone.
“ Prudence fnibids mv r uterine into more
ample devclopeirii nis 01 the dam "rs <'l war
w ith Spain, our intelligence and 1 (•(lection
will supply the deficiency. Bull hare said
enough to shew fit it it was my duty lo ap
pear in this tiiinrie. It belonged to ine who
am old—who respect France—who ant devo
■ plain Portt-r then rejoined 111, and in-
; 1 d that mi goiting within hail of the
I 'noipal rn-tlc, mounting several bundled
gnus, the Fax wit* tired on, and the fourth
shot, 1rout a loity-tno pounder,chatged with
tomel and langtanc, (turned away poor;
Cm lie’s nr in and thigh; he ptontpll
vx it ii great coolness, ordered the vessel to he
rounded to, and the anchor li t go. Seven
or rieht minute* after" arils, lie expired—
ami his death will ever he riteollt cud with
tli" deepest recret hv all the Navv, and by a
numerous ai qirrintam o iu civil life.— As an
officer, and a man, Im lias left few equals
behind aim ; and none who surpassed him.
Tire intelligence w as received with the most
sincere sorrow ; minute 13ms, 10 the mimher
of IS were fired on board the llae shin ; tnc
colors of all the fl'Tt were struck at half
mast, and thus worn ihri'itglinui tlie day ;
and the following “general order” was is
sued bv the Commander in chief. A reiti-
fied copy of the general order is enclosed,
with copies of the correspondence, which
took place previously and subsequently to,
this nrclaiicnoly occurrence ; by which you
will perceive that th* Commodore has main
tained with his usual ability the rights ami
honor of our flag; and in doings), lias not
From the Ncvv-York Daily Advertiser.
Observations upon ihc Floridas, by Charles
Fi^milts, Civil and Topographical Engi
neer.
An octavo volume with this title has been
lately published by Messr-. Bliss k. White,
of this city. The author has been for a long
time a resident of Pensacola ; and has de-
• poor j rivnl his acquaintance with a gicat part of
v at'd I tire country he describes from various jour-
ntes he has made, both by land and water,
for the express purpose of fotming his new
map, and collecting materials for this statis
tical work. The remainder he has supplied
hy enri ful inquiries from travellers, pilots
and residents.
The historical sketch of Florida, with
vvhi' li he commences, contains an interesting
view of the numerous settlements which
have been 111 ado on rhe cou.-t at different
pciiods ; and oftlie singularstate of anarchy
in which the no'lu'rn part of it existed for
several years bi fore its cession to the United
States.
That portion of tlie continent was discov
ered by Cabot in 1497, and explored by Dan
Juan Ponce de Leon in 1312, who named it
Florida, from tlie numerous flowers mixed
with its luxuraut vegetation. In 1338, Fer
dinand de Soto lauded an army in Spirilo
Santo Bay, and fought his way through tlie
interior to tlie Mississippi, near the month
fluency
He seems well aware of the disadvantages
as well as the advantages of the country ; and
never indulges either in excessive fault fin
ding or excessive praise.
THE BAR.
moM campbell’s magazine.
Your remark is just, that our JJar is giiev-
ously overstocked, and crowds of flesh
members flock in every teim. as if fur the
sole purpose, and certainly with tlie effect,
of starving one another. If the annual ttuo-
luiuetits of ihe profession were collected into
a common fund, and equally distiibuted
among the corps, the proportion of each
) would not exceed a miserable pittance.—
The ordinary explanation of this is that the
profession ol the law is like a lottery, where
the great prizes allure many competitors.—
This is true to a certain extent even iu Eng
land ; hut, 1 suspect, with this difference,
that, in England every persoi , before he
purchases a ticket, assures himself that he
has not only some chance of the highest pri
zes, but a great chance of tho intermediary
and smaller ones; wIrereas, with us, not more
than one fourth of the holders of tickets liavo
the slightest gioltnd of calculating upon ci
ther the one 01 the other.
A popular charm, I should rather say a de
lusion, attaches to lire name ofa “Counsel
or and parents, duped hy certain vague
and obsolete associations, continue to preci
pitate their sons into this now more than
precarious career, without the last adrerl-
enco to (heir substantial prospects of success,
and in utter ignorance ol (lie peculiar liabita
and talents required to obtain it. It is a com
mon by-word with ns, titat no one who really
deserves to succeed at tins bar will fail.—
This may he very true; bat what a compli
cation of qualities, what a course of privation,,
what trials of taste and temper and pride are
involved in that familiar and ill-understood
assertion A yuitng barrister who looks to
eminence through ins own unaided merits,
must have n mind and frame picpured by
nature for tbe endurance of uiireinitled toil.
He must cram Ins memory with the arbitra
ry principles ofa complex and incongruous
code, and be equally prepared, as occasion
serves, to apply or misapply them. lie must
not only surpass his competitors ill the ait ct'
reasoning right from right principles—the
logic of common life ; hat lie must ne equally
an adept in reasoning light from wrong
principles, and wrong from light ones. Hu
must learn to glory in a perplexing sopl.istiy v
as iu tlie discovciy of immortal truth, lie
must make tip iris mind and his face to de
monstrate in open ( unit, with all miagina-
able gravity, that nonsense is replete with
meaning, and that the clearest meaning i.s
manifestly nonsense by construction.
This is wind is meant by “legal habits
of thinking ;” and to acquire them, lie must
not only prepare bis faculties by a corn se of
assiduous and direct cultivation, but lie must
absolutely forswear all other studies and
speculations that may interfere with their
perfection. There must be no dallying
with literature ; no hankering after compre
hensive theories for tho good ol mankind;
all such “ trivial fond records” must bo
(lone away, lie must keep lo bis digest
and indexes. He must sec nothing in man
kind Imt a great collection as plaintiff's urn*
defendants ; and must consider no tevolii-
tion in their affairs as comparable in iutev-
est lo the last term report ol point of prac
tice in Banco Regis. As lie walks the
streets, lie must give way to no, sentimental
There must be no
drink to the inhabitants ;-a..d tbe bitter- | ^ “ c “' c '"iS
sweet orange, which was probably introduc- | , oil ,, ’ o u n creams o love, and
ed, Imt is now to be found in every part ol tin:
country, may be converted to the same use
by expressing and fermenting its juice. A
ran.bo as, and poetic forms, and all tlie
| biighi 'allusionupon which the “fancyfree*'
j can least. It a thought of love intrudes, il
, i.r. , . , - I must be connected with the law of niairiai;«
long list ol trees and shrubs is nuhjoineu, I , . , ,• ! <■'
, • , . , . , . , J , settlements, and arttc os ol set..nation irons
which may tie cultivated wills success , and h ,„. s„„r.i,-n,tJ
these include many (topical productions
The experiments which have alieatly been
made, sufficiently prove that cotton, rice, su
gar and tobacco will find in many places both
tbe soil and the climate congenial; and our
author has little doubt that the Tea plant
also would flourish there. Filth of almost,
every sort he advises for the proper tracts ol
land ; and states as one strong recommen
dation of this plan, that it would offer no
temptation to the introduction of slaves.—
Mulberries might be advantageously planted
in hedge-rows for breeding silk worms; and
many parts of the country arc admirably adap
ted for grazing.— Indeed the raising of cattle
and slier p w ill doubtless be found one of me
most luciative objects to which u farmer can
turn ins attention.
From Oi I. to June the climate is delight
ful, the thermometer ranging between 84 and
88 deg. except that on the eastern coast the
Led and boatd. 80 of the other passions, and
of all the most interesting inc.idtnis and sit
uations in life—lie must view them merely
with reference to tlicir “ legal t fleet ami
operation.” If .1 funeral passes by,lie must,
instead of pet milting ins imagination in
follow the mourners to the grave, consider
how far tlie executor ni'iy have made him
self liable for tt waste ol assets, hy some mi-
pei nuinerary pi-, mes and hatbands, “ beyond
tbe state and (ircuinstanccs of the deceased.’ 1
Sm.li is a part, and a veiy small part oftlin
probationary discipline to which the can
didate for forensic eminence must be pre
pared to submit, and if lie can bold out fot
ten or fifteen years, bis superior claims may
begin to he know n and rewarded. But suc
cess w ill bring no diminution of toil and self-
denial. Tlie bodily and mental labor ofa
successful barrister’s life would bo sufficient
if knowur lx forehand, to appal the stoutest.
Besides this, it has many peculiar annoy-
Ireen unmindful of what was due to that of | of tho Red River, where he died after three
Spam. He has been prevailed on to allow
copies of these letters to be taken as an off-
Yis riffle \ ’ •>/ ■ilium — w. 1 respect r ranee—who
lion nil",'i n" 10 1 *I’ r ® sse d tberr iudigna- ted to the King and bis family—to me who
•olJiers are to be*t' , ' C i • , * 16 ai 'd have tirken so prominent a part in the events set t<» a publication in the Echo of the nth,
Ifotiers ’ ' e lr,, w then disobedience of tbedouldr res’oiation— who by my efforts, which was evidently penned bv the same
, trod l injure to »*y it, by n*y successes, havp (land th»t wrote his Excellency’^ Oispntch,
or four rear*. A Frenchman named Ri-
liault, planted the first colony in 1362, near
the month of the river St. John, which was
exterminated by Mcnendor iu 1504.
St Augustine was built about 1565 ; and
atmosphere is heavy ami oppressive during ! ante.*. His life is passed'in a tumult of
perpetual rnnteiuiou, and lie must com
pound w it tr Iris sensibility to give and receive
the hifrdcst knocks. He lias no choice of
cases ; he must throw himself, heart undxoul.
the prevalence of south or south-west winds.
The spring and summer arc usually dry, the
autumn changeable, and tho winter so mild
that “ snow is scarcely seen at S'. Augustine cases; ne must turowurniscii, heart amtxoul,
twice in v. century. Ice has never been j imo the most unpromising that is confided
known there more than an eighth of an inch
in thickness.—Willi regard to tbe healthiness
of the climate; out author declares that the
miasmata of the swamps, ami rivers do not
affect the places removed from their imme
diate vicinity ; and that the site of St. Augus
tine is remarkably salubrious, and may be re
commended for consumptive cases. It has
alw ays been healthy except in 1821, when
the yellow fever appeared there and proved
fatal to many strangers; and lie thinks this
attributable chiefly to accidental circumstan
ces, which may be effectually removed or pre
vented by a careful police.
The chapter devoted to “ Observations on
Land Titles,” is a general history of (ho va-
to him. He must contend with obstreperous
witnesses; he must have lungs to out-clam
or the most clamorous. He must make
speeches without materials. He must keep,
battering for hours at an impregnable jury.
He is before the public, and at the mercy of
public opinion ; and il every nerve is not
strained to the utmost to achieve what is im
possible, tire public, with its usual good na
ture, w ill attribute the failure to want of zeal
or capacity in the advocate or to aay thing
rather than badness iu the cause.
Finally, he must appear 10 be sanguine
even alter defeat, and be prepared to tell a
knavish client, beaten out of the Courts ot’
Commot* L*’*','hat bis is a clear '•af* fir: