Newspaper Page Text
STjjc Houm<ii
MILLF.WiKVILLK, MAY 13, 1823.
Great inconvenience has arisen in
this state from counties anil towns having
they w c ro flcscrvcdlf so The work has be necessary to cot.iiuu* the parallel *ai,s tog annual.y lira amount ofl.ls debts .-He | They, who are acquainted withthe bases e., salutary. ihey discovered thset
bVen .Tonewellvcorhnao theulanadop much further than they have ever yet been could not depend on Tennessee and Ken- of the const.tuuons established tn Spain and we are all born with the same natural, and
ted and .cted on B t IheroTs an ilor- attempted, so as to give them a length suffi- lucky for po.k and beef, and on the northern Naples by their respective revolutions, will are entitled to the same civil rights—that
ted and acted on. But there is an imp >r 1 ’ , ° thc who)e ,.* tcnt of states for Hour He would not have to em- recognize in them the essential principles of nature does not acknowledge the arbitral?
i Improvement “such^a nnni a Momis s the continue.) shallows, which were found, in ploy the small amount in cash he gets for civil right,. These base, acknowledge the distinctions of society, but often confer, on
I improvement sum an me as ; n j to cover 3 and 4 miles. The effect of hiscotton in the purchase of commodities of constitutional expression of the public will the peasant superior capacities to the prince
most useful results i.i.ofhenino the sluice walls would he in some an absolute necessity. Cotton cannot feed the as the sovereign law—that all rightful gov-'—that government was instituted for the
As far as we understand it, it is t e sa . , K tolessen the velocity, and, of course, 1 planter and his negroes if he bas no vent for eminent is frustrated, and it becomes a ty- j behefit of those who bear its burdens that it
same names.
This lias hecn particular- i that ha, for many years been pursued on the measure
— - r , , ci v m imrmse the denth of the current: but the I it, »"d it is a fact that for some lime last, it ranny. They also acknowledge, under cer- j is but a public compaet, and that the Darties
felt in Monroe and Walton counties, in j Potomac^under the title of Sluice Navi- | o ir>ud) t0 o great to he usefully rent- ! is ve,y difficult to sell at any prire cotton tain restiiotions, the freedom of person and ] to it should decide its conditions—that the
sequence of their being in the same sec.
ti«au of the state. To avoid it in future, as! to test its usefulness, and we regret to find
gallon. No efforts have been wanting there , •*»««.> muclHoo gre^.- -- ^- nther l han prime, in Augusta and Savannah.
of the press, the right of popular representa- j aggregate interestof all the individual, 0 f
;,ir as possible, weave requested by the post that the expri intents
master at Monncelln to state that all letters pany have resulted in
and papers intended lor Monroe county must
he directed to FORSYTH, that being the
post town for that county.
VV e subjoin a list of the names of the new
counties, with the names of the county towns
annexed, as far as they are known to us,
which may be useful.
County. Town.
Hahershain, Clarksville.
Hall, Gainesville.
Rabun, Claylunsville.
Gwinnett, Lawrenceville.
Newton, Covington.
Tayette, Fayetteville.
Momoe, Forsyth.
Walton, Moihoo.
, h "pnZ' 1'! ' nrodtt.ed bv these means, if it were practi- If the planters were to employ more of their tion, and that taxation can be authorized , a community is precisely the interest of that
t , n cable to give durability to walls so built and I lands in corn, wheat and pastures, they only through this representative principle, j community, and is the only law by which its
l uisappomm i . . I l() nlace.l. Walls of this kind, when drawn would effectually be more independent of , 1 he suppression of the Inquisition and even , proceedings should be regulated—that the
nininiSSIOlierS Wt-rC <ip- . ■ ■ ■■ ...» .. .......,l . ...... the narri.il annrnnrialinn tn nnhlir mpe and Inm. r.f * ... . r .
ap
in.I Vir-
Iit the year 1821 Com
pointed by the slates of Mary laud
giuia to examine the affairs of this company
the state of the navigation of the Kivrr Po
tomac, its susceptibility of improvement, bee
Thu commissioners have performed the du- j J
tie, assign!d them, and have given to tho
public a report of great excellence. W c ,
have selected that part of it which relates to
Sluice Navigation, because it is so intimate- j
ly connected with what lias been done on the }
Oconee ; and ask of the reader his attentive
perusal of it.
Sluice Navigation.
hat has been called Sluice Navigation 1
long and winding and bending as would the western and northern States, for many the partial appropriation, to public uses and | form of government is mere matter of clioire
he necessary, to follow the course of the cur-. articles of food and clothing, than they ar- the exigencies of the treasury, of the eccles- | or expediency, and that its only legitimate
rent would be objectionable for other reas- 1 tualfy are at present. The public markets ■ Mstical estates and royal domains, were de-' objects are the security of person, ol proper
ons, independent of the increased cost and ! of Savannah, Augusta, he. would not have cisive indications of a hold and salutary pol- •- -c — '
increased liability to destruction ; such as to depend in a gteat measure on other states icy
the extreme difficulty of guiding a boat ; for flour, pork, and beef; these cities would I
with sufficient accuracy in these narrow he supplied from the upper country
ty, of reputation, the liberty of conscience,
freedom of the press, equalization of laxes,'
At thc establishment of these principles I participation of offices, representation in the
and at their actual operation, it is no wonder national councils of all the interests of the
oufined torrents, so as to prevent her stri- 1 greater quantity of corn would induce the that the enntederated sovereigns should take nation—and that the power of the people,
king and bilging against or over the side merchants to speculate upon it, and export alarm, and look around them for the means ! properly exercised, is always equal to the’
i **’ - -j— — - a — c * * " f 1 n 1 “ ! »■»—-••• ' • but
s in descending;* am 1 , in ascending 1 it to the West Indies.
QJ®* Every thing we hear from Athens
strengthens the accounts we have lately giv
en of the prosperous condition of our Uni
versity. With our resources, it is in our
power to build up an institution equal lotliat
jf any other state. Popular favor has ol
late been extended to it, hut with a spirit ra-
her too contracted. Assistance from the
public funds lias been afforded, but with too
much regard to economy. The appropria
tions were indeed liberal, for the times at
which they were nude, hut in no way com-
menvirrte tviih the absolute wants of socie
ty. What has been done towards the collec
tion of such a library as every College ought
to possess 5 If we are not mistaken, the li-
br iry is extremely limited—it is such, io
fact, is Georgia ought to be ashamed of.
We hope the friends of the College will
persevere in their applications for assis
lance. There lias of I ite gone abroad in the
land, a spirit of improvement, in matters re
lating to education, which if properly inanag
ed may he productive of the b> si of con,a.
quern-el. show to the people the advanta
ges arising from such an institution, and >sk
them fur their ni-iney, and w • pledge mn
ic've.s rhal they will not refuse it Sl.-iw
them that by liberal appropriations from the
treasury they are gainers even in a pecuma
ry point of view, and they will say, take what
you want, provided you make a proper use
of it.
Some persons will oppose appropriations
for such purposes, and will, no doubt, ask
how are the people to be benefited in a pe
cuniary point of view, by giving the people's
rnonev to support a set of lazy professors.—
We iiave frequently heard (lie professors of
Colleges thus designated.—A few figures
Will set this matter in a clear light.
Last year there was paid nut of the Tieas-
ury the sum of 32000 for the support of the
pro fesr/irs. The college hasother lesources.
On reference to the catalogue of students
published in this paper last winter, it ap
pears that tltete weie 13 students limn oth
er states at Athens,
Tlte>e 13 students, on the most moderate
mli'iilatiou, spend each 300 dolls, iinunalL ;
making for the last year the sum of S-itlOO.
This sum of)$39t)0 is spent in this stale, is
fircnlate.l among itic people, tu d every man
who pays taxes stands an equal chance to
gel bis part of it.
Thus by the appropriation of 5-000 out
of the treasury of,he state for the support of
our Colb ge, the sum of jj.HKM) is brought into
the state, and put iti cumulation among Un
people.
After this let no mail object to the appro
priation of the public money to the purposes
of education.
Tins subject may be presented under a
great many other points of view, in all of
which, we will obtain similar icsolts. But
•We have said enough fitr the pieseut.
(JJ* The reader will find in another col
umn the abdication of Ins Imperial Majesty
D<m At gust in Y'Utbide. A late arrival at
Charleston fiom Havana, fully confirms the
accounts previously received of tins ceremo
ny. The Emperor was lesirons, afier set
ting his affairs, of retiring to Jamaica. A
request for permission to pursue this conisti
had been refused, and i< was reported tii.it lie
t\ \ i ueen poisoned and tiis laimly thrown
Into prison.
The following is the Mexican Proclamation, is-
gaeil by tl.e Concri-ss-.
“ Augustin lmrb.de, convinced of the millitv of
bi* proclamation, i id of '.he ine -n il)-li \ of 'l.is
polit,cal life with t-ie sofetv anil liappi of this
American state, influenced bv remorse lor his im
potent attack on our national lilieny, lias iniploieil
Ui« generosity of this iirign i ionons nation, that it
wo ild panlot Ids enormous * - tors, and allow Inin,
in v remote te- ritory, lo tr uijuilize tin- remorses ot
Ills , onv ienre. and s--ivc to toiy. • the woes lie had.
itni-cird on i unauiiv.
* - Illustrious peo ,e of Vera Crii7 ! Toe fail
morning of liberty .i - - ns upon i 1 he Kovei eigu
Congress will pursue with firm ns , the great obiei-l -
of our r ege' i e rat ion, eoiiuneneed by von, and sus
tained by the arms of the liberating army. Let us
•mutually coa jratulate each other on the disappear-
once from among us of tin- evils of internal disseti-
tion, and thc reunion of a,I in defence til the liber
ty and independence of tite country
[Mete follows an unimportant arrangement of
the Congi ess ]
“ The liberating army has recognized the old
Congress, whiclt had been unjustly dissolved, aim
ple lgc-J us li Inlitjr to ns -lei rers."
On the l'Jth of this tu mth, August In Itnrb.de
comimn icatefl to the Congress Ilia abdication of toe
throne.
The liberating army has entered Mexico A
board of war attached to the Em|ieror t advised
him to oppose iheui by I'otce, hut be dinsund. .1 -,,1‘in
from this mens ir- , stating that he wished no t.loc.d
shed, and suugtu oe.ty the happiness of his rouii-
try.
He theo submitted to the army these three pro
positions :
1st. 1 hat the army should not deride his fate,
put ilir • nngrrss
-M. That he should he escorted by Hen. Bravo,
4nd be pernil ted to go to Tulancingo, wlieuee lie
w.ml 1 make ar: augements io emliarh with his liini-
liy a.nl eriecls to Jamaica.
31, That all the tr.iO(is with bun, should become
a part of the liberating army.
ANSWER.
1st, Itrannot be permitted that you should -n to
Till.me.ago, nor to Jamacta,
41, In ca-etr, t you shall lie permitted to go anv
win re, you shall be escorted by tint. Bravo anil
kis '.loops.
3d, A» to the troops reterred to, their disposal
will be cotisideied.
bas been the kind adopted by the Potomac
Company, and tho one on vvlncli so large a
part of their funds has been expended, it
may be necessary in give an explanation
drawn from actual observation of vvliat lias
been done and tried for many years, of this
kind of work tin the Potomac.
Tliesluices on this river areof three kinds;
the first, which are chiefly found in the upper
part of the river, are c li.innels formed by low
walls. The second are channels funned by
excavating the rocky bottom of the rivers.
The third kind which are yet used, and have
been of service to the navigation in nigh in
ter, am channels opened near the banks
of the river, around the rapids and sin ill lulls
in the current, as tit Harper’s fi rry, Payne’s
K ills, it. . toavui t the great force of tin-tor
rent in mid-stream, io melt situations and
with the view of giving the boatmen a land
path on the bank on vv mi li by a rope they may
drag the boat up the stream, when the vto
lense of the cuueiit is too great to be over
came by setting poles. These channels,
though used, are of very imperfect and tempo
rary construction! the bottoms of no one ol
them being graduated. They are ceitainly
too miperle i to be calitd canals, although
such is iiicir ro'iimon appellation. The two
first of these kind of sluices are formed on
erroneous principles, and have failed to ten
der anv s-rvice to the navigation of the tiv-
e.rt. The emus in the first requiring detail
will lie presently explained. The errors in
the second kied, or in excavating channels
in tho bottom of the sttetrm, c msis’ in at
tempting mi a long line of a stream, inclin
ing all tbc way in its whole length, to regu
late the 'h pth by partial cutting or deepening
the bottom. Unless you bring water to a
level the whole length of the line ol its xt ream,
any partial cutting nr deepening in spots
along the linn, so inclined, only sciv. s to
tianspose a shallow u Im It further up the
line, or to make hollow basins, of no set vu e.
And in a river where the chief failure in its
navigation arises from the two l-.ng and too
fiequent deficiency of depth of water necessa
ry for boating, owing to the great inclination
of the plane of its stream, and to -is cot se
quent rapid discharge of water, if you smooth
the plane by removing all obstructions, lit ’
rapidity will of couise be increased, and the
sooner will the deficiency in the depth he felt
The low dam, or walling plan of improve
mem, though the opposite in ils efleet to the
I one described, and not so radically erroneous
on (lie general principles, is no less so in its
I application to snc.lt a river as Potomac. To
I make litis manifest, some detail of tltc cir
citinsl nines in which they are used and pla
ced is necessary. The ruins of this kind ol
work are to be seen some distance above
Cumberland, not, however, rea. Ittitg in Sav
age river, and extend, at greater or less in
tervals, lo where (he general depth of water
is considerably increased, becoming more
and morn i are as the water is most abundant.
They consist tn low il.iins, running across
from shore to shore, elevated about lti inches
or “Z led from the hottoni, anil made of roun
ded stone, picked tip out of the bed of the
ri v er of a size that a man can conveniently
handle, the greater part not huger than a
man’s head, and raised on a broad basis of
from ten to twenty feet in width. This trans
verse low w all or dam is usually connected
w ith two w fils about the same height, but
built on a narrower basis of from six lo eight
feet, placed parallel to each other and to the
snores, at the distance of 80 led from each
otlyer, through which passage, by a gap in the
transverse dam it is intended to lorce the
current ol the river, and to deepen the wa
ters by collecting it into this artificial chan
cel, Tin number ufilp-se transverse wall*,
connected, a - stated, with 20 feet sluices on
the river, . very great, but it was not thought
neccssarv > count ll.cin. Indeed, in sitUi <1
. state of rum were the t ;•■•titer part ol them
I found, ti -ii they were vhlficult lo be distill-
fished i- it 1 ho nnniei os fish d.stns lound
them, Iter progress would bo very much
retarded by the increased force of the cur
rent, consequent on its confinement. Now,
on the supposition of a large proportion of
the distance being so confined, many weeks
would lie added to the length of lime con
sumed in a trip tn and from market, already
inconveniently long. In some places, cap
sums would he required to be placed on the
banks, to overcome the opposing power of
the current. For these reasons, and from
the experience already had of the perishable
nature and trilling utility ol this suit of work,
il appears that it would lie idle to attempt
anv tiling in fuluie of tins kind.
ite upon it, and export alarm, and look around them for the means ! properly exercised, is always equal to
, as they do from the of personal and political safety.—These assertion of its will, and that this will is
north ; and in a short time thatarticle would principles are planted, like a mine, beneath the expression of its interest. • These prim
command a cash price in Augusta and Sa* . every throne ; and are fraught with the mag-j ciplcs sped on wings of fite, and, pene-
varinah. , 'cal powers of the mathematical lever. Al- j trating the arntiei of France, inflamed them
It cannot be denied that an immense ready they begin to feel that tremulous sub- . with an unconquerable energy, and lighted
I.vmin) in fl/uir n/vrn laiirrc #• in m 11 n It «X 11 if t P F r .'1 11 f» H fl lllfltilin tvhiffll nrPCUfTPC tllP P'jrth. I 1 „ ..* *
amount in flour, corn, hugs, &C. is annually terranean motion which presages the earth-
brought inGeorgia from other states. Why?! quake. The voice of the people has at
because we want it ; because we stand in length reached the ear of princes. It whis-
need of such supplies by our own fatilr. ' pers thunder and scatters dismay through the
Can we pay for those supplies without oet a- cabinets of kings. They have an instinc-
lecuttrst uf the 1 tvi-r. A few,
hem, wr re in a sufficient state
n 1 v tunned, and to alford
-lug how far they w ere
the ends intended. Thc
s a.- ot prepared to say wliat
■ ite of this kind of walling on
ithcr iivLts, but they are well assured that
0- nun Potomac tannot be usefully confin
'd by sin It emitrivances, even if l!n*v were
tade in the b -s ! manner of which mat kind
. nng lit v
■ enon,
t ;rescrv >
tit - 11- if
i ai. nl.iti i 1-
Comiiltssi it
might be tit
* The greater part of (lie wrecks wliieb of late
years liaut occureil, areoriliiig to information,
ilnnu the tiveiii, were in consequence of the boats
being diisheii against the sluice walls.
Savannah, May 1.
Jlbdirntion of Ylurbide !—One of our Ha
vana papers, (the 20th inst.J contains the
following article under the bead of New
Spain; by which it will be perceived, that
Y turbide lias laid down the linpc.riitl Power,
and lias deteimined to leav» tin* empire ul
Mexico—probably for the United States.
The following articles were read in the
Mexican Congress, by request of bis Impe
rial Majesty Don AugustiuoY turbide, at an
extraotdinarv meeting held in Mexico on the
IStli March, 1823.
1. Congress having recognized ami ap
proved the proc.eui mgs and acts of C. Mata,
the causes of my retaining forces in the vi
cinity of the capital, have ceased to exist ;
and as my o.Jy view was to sustain and pro
tect that body, the division heretofore exis
ting on my account, istlmri fore at an end.
2. I accepted the crown with gieat n Inc-
tance, and on'v acquiesced mrongh a desire
to seive in. country. But Iruin the moment
I perceived that to retain il, would serve as
an excuse or pretext for an intestine war,
I determined to abdu ale it. I did not con
clude ims course before because the.e was
not a b aly to represent the nation generally
recognized ; and I considered that any step
taken by me, unless ilieie was, would have
been both useless and injurious to the coun
try— them nim exists one, and I accordingly
absolutely ahdtt a e.
3. My presence tn this country would al
ways be a pretext for disturbances ; and pro
jects of witi It | have never thought might
be attributed to me. In order, theretore to
a.on) me most remote suspicion, 1 will leave
mis country and direct my steps to a foreign
one.
4. Ten or fifieen days vvill he sufficient
to togulale n ; y domestic affairs, and take the
neeess.iiy measures to conduct my family
alio niysell away.
0. I will only request of Congress to pay
fiom the national funds, those ilelits winch
I have rout-acted with some particular
Irionds w iiii It are not of great consideration,
although congi ess I-It it to my option to
make use of such funds as I thought proper,
but 1 could not appioprialo liinils to my pri
vate use when toe necessities of the army
and other public litnctionarics .cached my
heart.
[Thus makes his exit the first American
Empeior]
From tin Washington News
Jtgric:iltnn'—Products of the South.
We call the attention of the Georgia plan
tersto the ft.-llniviug lemniks; thc subject of
which mcritstlie most serious consideration.
Thu embarrassments experienced at this
time in Georgia by all classes of people, may
be principally attributed tu the dtpreciation
of the gieat staple of the country, cotton.
When immediately alter the late war the price
of this article lose so rapidly, the value of
land and negroes increased in proportion.
Y’et, notwithstanding the high price askt-O
I'm land and cultivators, there were unity
purchasers found who bought for cash, and
itiany mote on credit, under the impression
that tlte proceeds of the crups would, in a
few years, pay the interest and principal ol
the debts contracted. They would have sttc-
1 ceded, if a depreciation in the value of
cotton bad not taken place. This depiecia-
tion is owing to the gteat quantity of cotton
raised in di Invent patts ul the world. No
hopes remain that an amelioration in the
price w ill soon take place. The quantity of
cotton cultivated in the United Slates in
creases annually, and the tullnrc of that
production is in greater progress in South
Ament a. So that it is impossible the plan
ters ot Georgia can entertain any reasonable
sinning a serious loss to our agricultural in
terest ? We could when cotton was at 30 '
cents; hut now that hardly 9 cents can be.
had, we cannot. Can the state itself with- ,
out tho assistance of the others, furnish a
sufficient quantity of tlte above mentioned
articles for the consumption of the popula
tion ? Certainly. Besides a large overplus.
Would tlte state be benefited by it ? Certain
ly. Some hundred thousands of dollars
would not be carried away from the state
lo Kentucky, Tennessee, North-Carolsna,
and the northern states ; living would be
come cheaper, which would bean induce
ment to the people of other states to settle
in Georgia and render productive the vast
extent of our forests; it would render tlte
planters more independent, inasmuch as
they would be well stocked with provisions
for themselves and negroes, and would want
lint a very small amount in cash to purchase
such merchandize the produce of foreign
countries they have been habituated to con
sume, and it would have very probably the
beneficial effects of opening another branch
of exports with the West Indies. These
islands must be supplied with lumber, staves,
shingles, flour, laid, live cattle, polk, beef,
butter, corn, kc. Tlte state already sends
to tlte West Indies, cargoes composed of
many of those articles ; and why could she
not ntl-l flour,lard, corn, butter,live cattle?
It must be acknowledged that such products
were mere trifles in comparison of cwttou at
Sit cents; put we will never sec cotton at
ttiat price again, unless a great catastiophe
1 b inges the position of S. America, India,
the West Indies, and a grpat patt of Asia.
Now that cotton is so low, tvhy not cultivate
our laudato the best advantage, and raise
such produce as will certainly defray our
expenses, keep us out of debt, and enable us
tn have our houses well supplied with tbc
necpssaiics of life ? As we said above, il we
raise cotton, and cannot sell it, we starve :
but if we raise corn, wheat, cattle, hogs, &ic.
and cannot sell tlte surplus of vvliat is neces
sary for our consumption, why, then, we
w on’t starve, nor can those around us if they
be in want; and we can more easily give a
hearty meal to more than one passing travel
er.
The above remarks, plainly given, could
bo extended further, the subject is of deep
importance to Georgia : w e may in a further
number ptocced tn (acts, and show by cor-
■•ect culcnlations, that at the present price of
cotton, its cultivation must increase the em
barrassments of me planters, and that if they
were to abandon it as the principal source of
their income, they would greatly be lencfit-
Y.vmvy}ean AfiVws.
C7“Great exertions have been made,
ami a large sum ol money expended in an j of the current rushing through tln-se short
attemnt tn nnlr tl.o i l,.,....... • . . . . „ B
to
attempt to make the Oconee River navigu
hie from this place to Barueu’s shoals. As
yet we have seen no good that Ins resulted
(tom the improvement. We du not know
of mote thau one or two boats which have
depended the river ; and we believe there
has not been a single attempt to ascend it
wnii a loaded bout.
The reports of the commissioners have been
Tu.mmly as fur as our knowledge extends
srotaWs to the undertakers, amj „o d "uL
IWallii g is susceptible. The bottom nf this expectation of a tise of that article in the
European trinkets. The low price of cot
ton of consequence lessened the value of
land and negroes and necessarily put it out
of the power of the purrhascis on credit to
meet their engagements. Hence the em-
burrassments under which the piople of
Georgia now labour, because the embarrass
ment of one reacts liequently on many oth
ers.
No doubt when cotton was at 30 cents it
was more profitable to plant the fields w ith
it, than with other kinds of produce, because
cash could readily be obtained for it, with
wliu b the necessaries of life Cciild be pur
chased, for the negroes and owners: but
when cotton is becoming a mere drug;
when by experience we find that the crops
can hardly pay for the clothing and Iceuiug
of our negroes, is it a sound pnhey to pursue
tiie same course and continue tn plant cot
ton tn the evident detriment of our U-st in
terest? An erroneous calculation is made in
regard to the products of the state, and an
impression prevails that cash can be obtain
ith im ins the drain of a inounta-
.„ni« iegi 'it of such wide extent, is very un-
qnal 111 us level, and abounds in shallows
•nd basins, according to tts obduracy or soft
ness, .ml 'n the increased or diminished
force of the current; sometimes weakened
bv expanding in widened plains, or in the
I urination of islands; sometimes incteasud
by contraction between mountains and rot ky
minks, and, above all, by its flowing so rapid
ly in consequence of the greatness of its lull
compared to its length. The result, from
such circumstances, on ibis kind of work, sit
ujted in tbc bed of such a river, is, that these
walls cannot be made sufficiently permanent,
and, if H ey could, *0 very many of them
would be required, to attain even a trilling
depth that the benefit would be infinitely loo
dear, or an absolute waste of money. These
walls, from their n dure, cannot lie tight;
but, if they ooulu he niaje so, and the whole
body of the water in such a river could lie
confined to a channel of 20 feel, the velocity
channels, with full room to spre'd after il
has passed, would be increased in proportion
We copy the fqllowing article from the
National Intelligencer—The correctness of
the wi iter’s view s, the clear, strong glowing
style in which lie expresses them, and their
aptness to the present state of Europe will
make il interesting. It appeared, say the
Editors of the National Intelligencer, in a
Connecticut newspaper just two years ago,
at the crisis of thc atfairs of Naples.
ON THE HOLY LEAGUE OF EUROPE.
The Holy League, so called, is well known
to be a most unhallowed confederacy of the
crowned heads of Europe, to perpetuate their
power. The preservation of their thrones,
or, as they are pleased to call it, of “ the an
cient order of society,” is theit avowed ob
ject. For this purpose, they scruple not to
declare that they will use every means of
physical and moral force, which nature and
their situation have placed at their command.
They state boldly, and in the face of the
world, that they might employ their armed
forces, and make use of their established re
ligion, as a political engine for thc suppress
ion of civil and teligious liberty.
These ohjects, with their means of execu
tion, have been explicitly announced hy the
Czar Alexander, Autocrat of all the Hnssias,
who is the soul of this league against the
rights of man, in his proclamation to all the
European governments, previously to the as
semblage of the Congi ess at Trnppau in Si
lesia. The emperor ol Austria, also, as pre
paratory to the session of the adjourned
Congress of Sovereigns at Laybach, reiter
ates the avowel of these objects, and his de
termined purpose for their complete accom
plishment.
To redeem thesesolemn and official pledg
es, they have already raised immense armies,
and directed their movements upon Naples,
the fust devoted victim of imperial ven
geance. Naples, however, is not the sole or
ptincipal object of tlteir fears. The first
alarm was the revolution of Spain.—When
they found that Castile and Arragon were
impatient of their fetters, and bad indig
nantly burst them—that they spurned op
pression—anil, arousing from the slumber of
slavery, bad awakened to a new day of glo
riotts light, the light of liberty—then, indeed,
these Sovereigns sat uneasy on their thrones
—the sceptre trembled in their grasp—their
downy couch became a bed of thorns, and
then sleep was haunted with phantoms, or
broken by more horrid realities. Yet, neith
er Spain not- Naples was the pregnant cause
tive foreboding that the dark cloud conics
heavily on, charged with their fate ; and, hy
its flashing, they read the writing on 4ie wall.
They realize that they most now ride this
whirlwind, or be swept away before it.
To continue their reign of ignorance, su
perstition, and despotism, and to check the
pi ogress nf the people, they have dared to
say that they will interfere, with a strong
hand, in the internal administration of inde
pendent nations—that they will not suffer
“ the ancient order of society” to be viola
ted with impunity—that they will support the
legitimacy of crowns and the plenitude of
royal prerogative—and that they will subdue
the spirit of licentiousness ami impiety,
meaning civil freedom and the liberty of
conscience. They are now conforming tlteir
conduct to these declarations.
Tlte policy they adopt, however, is not
dictated solely by a sympathy fur their bro
thers of Spain and Naples. They have a
nearer interest, Tlteir concern is not so
much lor the fate of other countries, ns for
the stability of tlteir own thrones and the al
legiance of ilieir subjects. They know that
the love of libmty is natural to man—that it
burns in his bosom with “a fire unquencha
ble”—that, when smothered, it but gains
keener intensity from ils embers—and that,
should it finally find ve.nt.il will hurst forth,
like the pent-up tires of a volcano, scattering
its lava in every direction, purifying whilst it
inflames, and fertilizing whilst it devastates.
Should this spirit be permitted to go on, 1111-
chet ked even in those countries where it has
already won such signal triumphs, they know
that it would spread with contagious rapidity
from breast to breast, unmindful ol geogiaplt-
ical distinctions or the boundaries of empires
—that it would pervade with an electrical
influence the home of every family, alike the
dome and the cell—and, as with a magic
rod, would strike thc very pedestal on which
they stand, and crumble it to dust.
That they may pievent the re action on
themselves of the dangerous example of suc
cessful resistance against arbitrary power,
they have determined tn roll back the tide
of human affairs, and appoint them their lim
its which they cannot pass. With this view
they will attempt to establish, by force ol
arms, the ancient regime of Naples, not
merely forthe sake of restoring that kingdom
to its former government, but that by the
example of Its renewed subjection, tbe sub
jects of other despotisms may be impressively
taught the old |« ssun of, “ passive obedience
and non-resistance.” Tbusthe Tartar tliall
still bug his chains and kiss the lash that
scourges him.--Thus the vassal shall do
homage to bis lord, and own no property but
his master. Thus ignorance shall close ils
eye against the light of day, and seek the
darkness of the cavern. Thus superstition
shall cling to its idols, and worship no God
but power.
Germany, from a variety of causes, is of
much deeper interest to thc league than eith
er Spain or Naples. Her contiguity and ex
tent of territory, her wealth and resources,
Iter population and power, constitute her at
ail tunes an object of importance: But,in
the recent juncture, Iter education and intel
ligence, and above all, her spirit of inquiry
into the principles of social order undo!' so
cial happiness, her understanding of politi
cal economy and social tights, have awaken
ed, as well they may, thc intperial jealousy.
In no European nation are the obligations of
rulers and the duties of subjects, tbc recipro
cal nature of allegiance aud protection, bet
ter understood in theory ; nor are any peo
ple more ardently desiroustohave their rights
aud privileges practically established. They
are characteristically deliberate ; and the
acquisitions they have made, or may make in
science aud politics, they will not lose the
fruits of, hy any precipitate experiment.
Should they once rise to the assertion of
their power, and attempt the establishment
of a constitutional government, based on the
representative principle, they will undoubt
edly succeed, ami overwhelm the combined
tesistanue of any holy league, it is not lung
since, that the mere indication of a free spi
rit in some el their universities strupk a pan
ic through ail the circles of that empire; aud
measures were immediately taken by the
government as though a revolution bad al
ready commenced.
It may be flattering to our national pride,
but it is certainly a just tribute to the virtues
and talents of those mtn who achieved our
independence, that the txumple of our re
public lias exercised a more powerful in
fluence upon tbc uiinds of men, in uul'uld-
mg to them the seciet of their strength, and
in explaining to them the practicability of
resistance, than any other event. It was a
spark caught from off' our alter that lit up
the flames of libeity in France; and the
public mind in that nation had been suffi
ciently enlightened by philosophy, by the
study of the aits and sciences, and ot'history,
to allbrd fuel lo the fire. They hailed with
joy an era that promised hope and happi
ness to man. They pointed with triumph
ed only for cotton. This erroneous iinpics- | of their anxieties.—They perceived in those
sion and calculation induce almost all the revolutions but tire incipient stages of the
to its r uiifinenieiit; and the whole volume of plantvis, groat and small, to pla. t comm in' triumphant march of mind. Tnis mnrrh, 1111-
water in the river, in the summer and dry preference to other produce. What is the less arrested, they see, with prophetic fear
will level every throne, as the whelming
flood the opposing mound ; and, under the
impending danger, tli»y rally their united
forces in mutual defence.
Here H is well to pause, and consider the
nature of thc conflict—the parties—•their
means—their objects.
seasons, especially above the south branch,) object in obtaining cash for the produce? To
would not be sufficient to give the depth re- 1 pay debts or to btiv food and i lotniug. If
quired by boats of sufficient size to be useful I the planter were to plant but a small quanti-
in transportation. Where the quantity of! tv of his land in cotton, and employ the re-
water in tins river is ninth inr reused bv the ' maiuder in pastures and inthe cultivation" of
larger tributaries, in order to gne 18 inches corn, wheat and small grains he would not
, depth, aiij]in would be of u»e«it would j certainly rati the risk cf starving or wr Cil j.
them to victory.
Though these benign truths were at first
forcibly inculcated in that country, they
were cordially received, and have ever
since been cultivated as the favorite study
of (lie scholar, patriot, philanthropist, and
statesman. Nor have they confined their
progress to France. They have made ra-
pid inroads upon the legions of despotism ,
in almost every country of Europe; and '
their effects are now beginning to be per
ceived in Spain, Naples, Germany, Russia,.
Austria, Itc. as well as in France. lie. a
peculiar feature in the history of the present
times, that armies, which have hither to
been the clitef instruments of tyrants in
their plans of oppression, are happily con
verted, hy their improved intelligence into’
powerful auxiliaries to liberty. They have
learned that there are paramount obligations
to country and to humanity, which no
subsequent compact can make void or vi
tiate.
In this Situation, and with these prospects,
the philanthropist may well rejoice, and
smile with mingled pity and contempt at
the abortive attempts of tyrants, who, at
this perioil of the world, would fain huge
fetters for tnc human race. The means in
dicated hy Alexander lor tilts purpose are
not a little remarkable. Notwithstanding
the many proofs already exhibited of tho
spirit by which modern armies are actua- I
ted, lie professes to rely, with confident se-
cuiity, on his military lurces. it tin-same
time he makes a solemn appeal to his ec
clesiastical establishments, tor their united
aid in arresting the progress of what he
terms dangerous delusions, subversive nf the
very foundations nf society. lie thus seeks,
according to this must approved precedents,
to draw closer the bonds of alliance be
tween the alter and the throne. While lie
would extend the jurisdiction and multiply
the terrors of a new Inquisition, Austria,
w ith ail equally liberal policy, denounces
Masonry, and, by ail edict, expels it the
empire. Masonry, though submissive to
the civil regulations of a state, may be just
ly accused of liberality of sentiment. Ic
teaches man that man is bis brother. It
■ ecollects that God, in the formation of
him, breathed into him a particle of Ins ow 11
spirit, and pronounced that the u-aikinana
ship was good. It raises tlte peasant to a
level with the throne, anil it brings thc mon
arch to a level with the cottage. Thcsas
certainly ate dangerous effects ; anil thu
doctrines that would lead to them should
be expunged from the cede of human laws.
It is against these principles, and with
such weapons, that the crowned heads of
Europe propose entering the list. Tlieso
modern Tamerlanes, and Bajazets, and
Ghabors, and Kottli Khans, are about to
wage an implacable political crusade against
the rights of man—against the social, civil,
literary, and religious interestof human na
ture. It needed not the omen of Catenza to
predict that this war would be the fight of
(lie furies—that (lie battlefield, whirl) has
scarcely yet absorbed the blood of ils last '
victims, must again he drenched with human
gore, and Europe become one vast accelda-
nia.—There, w hore tbe l earn of victory has
often turned, and the destinies of millions
been decided by the cannon and tlte sword,
must now be fought the grand and last battle
between the freeman aud the slave—man
and his oppressor.
The issue between freedom and slavery,
however momentous anil however often
wrongfully decided in other times, cannot
at this day, be doubtful. When sovereigns
arm against public sentiment, the die is
cast—their fate is scaled. In this contest
the despots have indeed every advantage of
physical force and pecuniary resource;
They are superior to their opponents in num
bers, in wealth, in organization. But there
is a resource they know not how to explore—
thc hearts of freemen—a perennial spring of
living energy to a state.
There is a moral alchyniy which, in de
cisive crisis of national affairs, turns every
generous feeling into ingots forthe public
treasury It is the secret but pervading pow
er that nerved the arms of Spiratins when
they stood in the defile and repelled the hosts
of Persia. It is this that erected the pillars
of Athenian fame on the plains of Marathon
and Salamis, and made distant nations the
tributary provinces of Home. Audit is this
which will discomfit the confederated forces
of the league, aud vindicate the rights ot
mankind in thu overthiow of despotism.
Letters are too generally diffused for society
ever again to retrograde. Its inarch must
now advance on an ascending scale ; fur
public opinion, bv which ibis march is regu
lated, within the sphere of society, is omnipo
tent. Like the aerial currents, though ui
seen, it is in mighty and ceaseless operation.
It cannot be stayed. As well might the Ho
ly Sovereigns think to pluck the sun ftoin tile
firmament, chain the torrent on thu bunk ol
the precepic.it, or, like Canute, bid the sea
retire.
to tbe sun that was to usher in a new day of were anxious to get rid of a mail of such
political existence. How soon the spleu- eloquence and intrepidity, before the late
dor of that sun was obscured by clouds of
violence and ci uelty, and injustice and im
piety, history blushes while she tells—she
averts her head, while her hand records the
story. If ought could blast for man the
prospects of freedom, and consign him to
the perpetual doom ol servitude, it were thc
excesses and atrocities perpetrated by re
As Manuel now occupies a prominent
space in the public attention, the following
sketch from an English paper may prove
interesting. It is stated, that the Lln*s
explosion.
M. MANUEL.
This member Of the Chamber of Dep
uties was borne at Batcelonnette, in the
department of the Hautes Alpes. IBs
father, who was a notary, sent him to
llouergue, to be educated by an untie, and
also for the advantage of a change of air,
volutionary France, in the name and under : as all nis brothers had died between the
the garb of that principle which she most I age of five and seven. The uncle who was
outraged. But the abuses of liberty, like I an ecclesiastic, soon obsetved that his n«-
tiioseof religion, are no reflection on the j phew, along with greut boldness of cliarac-
cause ; and though it was propagated with ter, displayed, even in infancy, great natural
violence,it yet was propagated. Men were talents. He sent him to Nismes to improvo
' taught those principle?, which though abirs- h'n cdf.ra.iton. and ho cetinned homo *" rr ' r >