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C. . • V $j: O M V91 HI ♦
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I l>t* follow ii»i« the result ol tl.e ele, lion
i !.' in t♦»i«• cnutitv v* rd.iv :
BH'H AKD H WILDE 2*8
WILLIAM C. LYMAN
l.VJ
V,t suits of thr Presiilrntia 1 Elecfitui.—In
M i-sni Iium its. iIn* Adamstic-I.rt had '.»0/.MK)i
\v>iv*. m m *•«■ in round number*—the un-«
pledged li .«t id 7*i0i). At tin* cDction
t* r Governor in A, id Inst, T'd.t.tVi v'V.sl
Win* polled. At the dcclio.i of Eh r;ors
Ufi.OOO intui ff.d not v< te. Now pin.’ I the i
Boston qvrssaw tint not a iir ii h' *^’!
:s in favor of Adam*. 'I'll. • her j
rt Med to the iiiiinher given to lh<‘ unph:- . ’ |
ticket gives a total • f -13.3 •) • pposed t»
Adame, while only 30,tKHlutc in lav or ofliD
cUeti«*u!
In lihuisiann, Clay has been treated as
Crawford vv :o* treated in No\v-\ork He
f#,s !»e.;ii dele.,ted by the combinasioH of the
friend* of:: « ■ her Vail.lid.a ten. The Jack-
40Ti and Ad • in ti. kei I n*J M) votes— th. t tor
Cla\ *d"fi The votes of the state arc 3 for
Jack*"!! and 3 for Adams.
L, Norlh-Ourolira, the result stands thus
People's tieket, ‘A*.177
Craw ford tie 1 if, !•»
Here iignin tliero wad n combination of|
t vo a'miii't nn —.lao' *joii *Ni Adatns against'
4'raw ford. The friend* of Ad •in* otivo.
thought of getting up a tick* t for tin niseives, 1
hot it was siir.i" *t« d that they might as well
all roto i i the IN oplu a ti< k< t, and • n lot a j
< u the ha k of it the imum of Jackson <r
Ada ns, a ending tothmr preference. Thin
<n h'Miie prevented a seperatioti amotigthoiii.
and produced the defeat ot the Craw lord
licKet.
In t ftiio the rosuU is.
For Clu\, 1!WT>
JimUon, Ih.-DK
Adams, IV .«£*()
IT: t l tho frit'tids of Adams and Jack-on
united In re ns in North-Car. In », they might
iMi avo d< - I the < iy ticket.
The following singular result of the
election for elcetor* i- furnished hy the Mu*
tv land paper*. Jnihrtstuto J U Adams
had 14,r»‘.l*2 votes, whi' h gave him hut three
electors, while Grn Jackson with 1 L-»V3
votes oUai. s term oloc tornl vote*—A hap
py illustration of the equity of the district
f Adrian, of niaU predict in office, to writ
fir the cuuM/.zloincnt.»( , i .. y
property accordingly , and for t' •• ultera-l
tint of public • er « also. And vve do I
dein arid, in the n i o c of the House of Re-
pr. :•• illative- and of all the cili/ nf of this
stale, tint the said John Loving, tannic)
J.irl.'on, A«d r. V. \driun shall be sc Jills*
li r* d fioin ! others and appointments un
less duly d i’. rid hy judj:uer.t. film S -
nut* , and ili.tt in dm i nr, th Senate sliall
he tinnisiicd with nrlirb s m' imp«a'lmuut
against t o said John, Aiiiiih I and Fleming
l. A lid we are fmther directed to submit
| to the \v‘>*.d<,in of the .S nnte win th
m, *'ht no* he proper at lliis lone to take into
. tody tii l ode ..,f tho * id .1 dm I. ring,
I Sai.i «1 .! e-kson, and C. I* Adria f, h\ vir*
| flic of w . i ants to la i--titled hy the President
l i.C r’euat ■, hy the order or rcoolution of
your lion ruble, body.
Tt i n m 0i ■ 7
Mr. I't-zcmnn, from tin* < uni'Uit’i c on
p inks, .. iilc die follow ;m: KLPOHT :
That i do < appear to your lommitter
tint tho .. fails of liie Phinicn P-aliU have
I,, i n ah!v in inaL'.'d ami that the «xliihit
shows the hank not only f•» he s. 1 v cut but
in a V e y r **.peioil • comlitit ll.
'I lie*v • oii- d» r the poii *\ which lias he
be intfrosiiug to tho world. To posterity, 1 asserted hy tho ndvoca ei the
because tliu resims and opcntioiiB of this that it is a fun la omit:,I nrinnph
*' 1 " governin' its, that tlie w i.*h
-tini*
ad >ptod h\ the State I
sound one, and they helieec that th
lion un l« r its present management merits
the li II cutiiidi nc.e of tin* slain .—They
would liow.t'e observe tint this and the
I In .lets I’ntiL have failed to comply with
.ha' part » f the resolution of the X!i»d Dee.
k" }■ w hu ll terpiires that an exhibit of the
It m y interest the vv .rld. be. . u e to t. «
p run neney of the union of tlu s<* stat >
tin nation 9 look fir tin estahlishnn nt ot th<
doctrine that mankind is caj able M enjoy
ing rational liberty ! For these considera
tions this question demands of us a free
and full ifjv. H'gation
Mr. L. said there were two points in
th • amendment or ratlwr suhstilnte, wdie'h
jrai < in nokioB TI o first n jardi the
constitn’ion.il power of the l.e"i>hime t‘»
elect in the event of tlie* election reverting
to this House according to the pr« \isi nm
the h it. The exeicise of thisriglit ho*been
broadly denied, it h is been asserted that
the l.e;:isl.iture has no constituti-aial p we:
to . Jett i.he »lectors, liccnu-e hy a fair coil*
Mtruefion of the ( Oiistitution. it is cniitended.
no pri vi ic ■ ho I. can < \* i isw th it pow -
<r, and heemfso hy tlm conutitntion. tlm
right is ve* .rd in the people. The Legis
lature it is said is a pto-e\i>.ing body, and
consequently it cannot elec t. 'Phis is tie
argutm nt of the opponents of the substitute
and to wlii. h lie would n ply—If he appre
hended the eoiistiluthm correctly, the argu-
ut let been eonfuncd and misapplied
d and I The pr n isiori r»n which reliance is placed,
ho conceived did not apply to the tippoin'-
meiit of i.Ii ct.us, hut to the election of the
Pr. sid.n1. f I he e< n-titnti. n )»TOV ides that
the I*resident shall he elected hv the inler-
vention of electors to be clios. n for that pur
pose within thirtv-fouv■ davs previoti-* to tilt*
first Wednesday in He. ember. Hence it is
I the parties, turtle* rs. and endorsers I inferred, that sine.o hv tho constitution ie
had paper lie annually made to his L\- pre-existing body can elect the President.
the election of electors cannot d* pend on ?i
pre existing body. Jstliisa legitimate in
ft*fence * WIlUt W ere the reason* which
induced the adoption of this feature of tho
constitution ? It w it!; the v iew that tIk
of lie should he lienril that tho
nh-(ki
4 N nit I VV I ACF
Old 1 ns (*. (‘ai m 'CN Vi< C-Pic
.North Carolina ga.i her Ij \
.c hri
side lit,
t.
fer the
forW II Craw-
fyrJ
t VTIIA Ml I
'I’nc requii -meiits of the resolution ullu*
Jed to, have been fully complied with by
he Darien P ink. Your couimiUee are of
opi i on that with proper munugeuieut tliis
..istii thni will he euahli d to sustain her
credit ami to < xlubit u vvliulcsoiuc und sound
con htioii.
T'ley have exandm-d the exhibit of tl.o
Aug • ia Bank, and take imi<*h pli n-.urc in
slatin' th; t said exhibit presents n very
on d and prosperous state of the atVuirs of
said ank. uniDiillyeomj li<*swith thereqnisi-
• ion-of the Resolution of the l;n.t Legisla
tor *.
Y car comniitteo would r« rotnmend tl.e
ij’P imment of a com min ee w itli power lo
vauiinc into tlio nil air* <-f the diimretil
lank r in which iho state is a stockholder,
o re ■ ,rt to the nest Lcgi I ifnr< 'i hey
v ail I a) .o rceoinuiend'ihe ri peel of-. » much
f ill * r -olu:i' a .f l‘ \M, as requires the
lames uf imli\ii’ual.s whose debts muy ho
•"|.si 1 i:xl a -had ordoiihtful.
r l he t'r.widci'f appointed William Chris
tian j. in n. i w ■ n. and J dm l. 15rown,
na ,i ij.o rc. (ngrei ably to a rosohi-
•\cCiito Ins wurrantH on the bodies
Adrian, Joint Loving, and Samuel
r iCl:-e of the people should lr
i; g hefiii coin i <1 im uivr
and improper t » place the el
iident directly in tlm hands
id—It fmv
. nt, ditficult
•lion of Prc-
»f‘ tlm people,
- !r jti'rf'i—Niuliaiucl Mae nn |ms bpen
re el • -1*• , M e Le*» sh.tiire of Not th-C’arcdi
p i i ’a* • • i i n of ilir* United Htatcs, for b
\(j.o‘ f*oui• 4di March next.
I tiUcl’iuH t» Hnrteu liHfthceaielected Gover
nor I Norn*' Hrolimby its Legislature,hy the
folioVr" vote:
tun us (» Burton, 100
Mm it it ikes, *17
Alfred VtoO'P, 27
I meT Vv'.v, id
Mr lim toil is one of tin* p*** - •» ihed and re-
xil-d 05 .■-Miiibn* who a leaded the Caucu
Un vi . t Wt»hi v\ n.
Tu la tature « t M'HMh-f'arohnn leave
mad'* • h >ii c • ( 1 icli.ird I. Manning in he (Jo-
vernnr, and William A. fiullto lit* Licuteu.mi-
Govei nnr ut that state.
I I e. Imve i'*-i lecld rdiii Ga'llmd to hen
Svi.Mia in ike Couch * .d die I'lutctl States
T » roiTeri nil erioe in die exliihil made • \
t c I »d» n P ink, of it - b id and ilmditlul dolils
t i dm *.rtse»it Le-ud ilun , vve me rcqm-stei
Vipiif'i‘ii toe fulkw.ing Mall* i rut :
VV « .. ililv.ou min ..lien, that in th
cm, ' did Him, ol W m I. M«1 n esldsd. hi lolhi
Rank of Daiiin, dial the name o! .lain*
Spak'ui», 1'. «j. * le aid lint Imivc been entcu
ns imc ..( dm **i ’gin.d t*nd»N‘*ei >—ai| ike not.
rml»>**sed h\ I ii'i were paid by h s Ullu
'I Loll,as hoalil.ii.'. F.mi.
CtlARI.F.h \VF.ST. 'J
.1 V>!f. D r NW CODY, | Commit
l ICO VIKINSON, (
n if\it uni), j
The F.diter of t’ e Siivrnimh Georgian
nli.r .|u under* tuinl whut i.nin nut,in tlm
i aunt i.vwnl suhmivt d to the le i latuie hv
n , iveep* r of the Penitenti ii \, by iho ite
37 I •• lot build i ; u Via Shop. I
wi uld h i\e us believe that lie thildis |
si: * i is inti.n.led tin-1lie sale or didrihiilinu
ef an inebri. uii! liquor culled (n't. May
wo correct Iih i:iippreh'Mis..")- Py (.’/
. n is ia miiI a place wheru Colton (till*
non) t
of F. I
JacltHj
Wi i»n rsn \y. Dee H.
i ill table iho follow mi
Mr. lours laid
mlntcm.
licsohurf) That the In sectors of the Pe
nitentiary shall not a- ns contractors for
tlint iin billion.
The hill to divide the < oi*nty of Appling
was tnk n up, lead the third time »md pass
ed—Y cob *l‘J, Nays 0
Trrt’nsn vv, Dec.!).
Tho hill to ineorpnruto the Georgia Ca
nal Company was tulu n ttji, read the tliir.l
time an l passed.
Mr. (. > rt hind, from tho joint committee
on publi • ednealion and iVm.* schools, t«»
wliomvv:- refered a resolution from Senate
directing an enquiry into the propriety ot
nnondin or explaining the several laws
now in fife in relation to the Seiiatus Ara-
drinieiis, and the uinieountabili'y of I'ouniy
e. ademi 's to the same, and an uniform me
thod of tiieir report*, made a report the es
sence *f • Inch is embrut cd in the following
CHoluti ik:
lit sol ml, That hereafter it sliall ho the
duty of ill academics in this slate which
derive n part or tin* whole of their support
'rom tho state fund* lo make an annual re
port to i ie Senators of the county in w 1 idi
■.iieh aea L*rjiv may he of the following form.
I The number and salaries of iustrilctou'.
y r riiu iimnlu r of scholar*.
3. The anuuul iiicoi’io.
•I Brunches of learning taught in each,
together with aiiv material ehaugcM whii h
may have t* • n place since the last report.
.run a
li..*
c.ilmi
ug I r to Jmlgn Wo * >
n politely ioinmnuieatid t’o,
Moitlprl’tcr. Sipt. 1 DA, 1-‘J1
Dear''ii -I have rt eiv».1, and retnrnmy
ilian'.s I . the priut'nl cuin.viini-nilion ac-
eonq any ing y mr note of the !ih inst.
To ;i| • h ■ rile your prop-a *1 expedient
C-r a sl.uul;* «l of m* .-nrrs ic I weigh,
would require more turn th in I rail ; pp!\,
..nd ni ne • ,alhcin itic .1 -icin e than I re
tain. Just <• will doubtless h.* doneio it hv
competent jndgv*
1 ave gi- cii a ha ty periU'd to th*' ole-er-
vation* •• add • —I to tin i'.wliv * I" ,1 «*,
y.en.” Allho J can n r ( incur in some of
them, 1 ina' -rfr • f t!l. tlr Mb y nu it every
praise, far tin* ; rrspi* uily , the pr, cisien. and
tlm t'.c an w i n w hu ll tie y arepre t nti d to
tin jmblir. all* ni'em.
\ on have I’.d.. ti into u mi-take in asrrih-
ing tin* Con si it u! in of Virginia lo Mr. J i
lY.ioox ; wi'.l t>e inf. rr. d from tie' ini-
•f.iadversion* o*t it. in h.s 4 ‘ *Jctrs on Yirgi-
nil.’ li* i»rigm was with (i'koiu;;
who I id before tin* c immitU c appointedt.«
prepare a plan, a vi y iiroad outline ; w hich
\v.,s print**.1 l> iL*• commilt* e tbr conside
ration. and afti r being v:uie*l • u : »»me point-.
and till* 1 up. was leporlod t<> the Cnnven-
t nn ; wln-rv a •’* w further alt* r;iUon* gave it
the form in xvlm h i\ n >w stands. '1 in* tt
J nation of Uiyhis w ,< -ah-taiuially from tin
Fa n ' li»i*'J. I'he Preamble to the Consti-
-tmioii w::.< proluttdy derive I, in ; gr* i in. a-
rure, <1 m»t wholly, troiu the tumls « i .Mr.
. i i i i %<‘N ; the licliticts of which, . i such
mate, .als, is s. en in the Detlaraiioii of lu-
d«'peud' , u , 'e, .us vvr it ns tlsowlnuo. ’i’li*'
p:.,u«»fMr. Ji»i i n -■•>. uniu-xed to*one of
* editions of lu- " Notes of \ irginin.” was
drawn up after the Kctolmionury War,
with a view* to col reel the tauls of lilt exist
ing Constitution ; us well »* i*» obtain the au-
t •• ulic sum ti«*n of the people.
Year I »ve of tm !i \\ ,!l t xcusc this little
tr.b be l • it, or r ither would uot excuse its
With estet m and g«
J \Mt>
Wood W a Kin
i *1 wishes,
M \DlrON
A e...ivnitiec
FcuttPi' • s < amp
1 .mnpkm, Leivi
at the bti; - f
b
c:euva'7m;a :: ^ tzamature.
IN t?!'.N A I E.
Mo*nxY> Dee. t».
in tin 1 louse of Keprc-
I of Mewrs. Iloli, Law.
el Hurtisule. lo impeaih
> **. the Fiactimi Celling
Coukmkho,appeared and dahvored ;
follo w* :
Jfr. Prts th nf tniff (icntlt m. r of A. nnti,
W trt■ direct <1 tn th« !t„n« of R(
prefcntativeg to impeach at the haY
linle, .1 dm Lov.r *. .-.Ill
I*. Adrian, roinmissim
join, ballo' ofb >lh lira
tm , f r n Uing tract
er»u»‘v- and raiadc
i> . .in, ti.« pubh
of ttitenn. and obliterating p.dd.e Keeuri
tins. An»l we do heichy, in tin- name * I
all t ie ciliicim of tins slate. i*itpcu< h tie
*&id John Loving,Samuel J ,e! • v, am! »’
inti Jackson,
ers appoint!«
ai d \
of d:ver> hi*
tnors, t-» w it of et
ii»<Li and nr inert,. m
lit sol ml, That
Ihil to m i .c such n
laiil bofor*’ fh ^ '
uademy M;all he
h* r aid from the
*. may I, hers alb
pose un il such r
•udei
shall
port, in time f r it to he
itu* Acadcmieiis such
«!«!*;rr* -l from any for-
thud-', vvJii' h now ur,‘
. set apart for that pur
port sliall be made as
herein con emplated.
Fnmw, Dec. 10
Hill* vv-cre passed, to wit: 'I’o authorise
l!i» volume *r eompaiiy in Glinton, call» , d
the li.dep* ndoilt Itiues t*» receive uieuihers
from ih 31st raiment—'To authoiise (i. A
P.rown to keep a ferry a* ros* ; i,< O imdgee
river—'Po appoint trimtd* of the Jasper
'- unity n< admity. ..ml lo grunt a lottery fer
th*’hem‘it thereof.- To compel excowtoi .
administrator-. and MtiardumH t-« tweoimt for
the iiiJe,est of mon;* s appropriated to then
*»w n use.
Mr (iambit' laid on the table the follow
ing resolution :
/»** solet tl y Tliat th* 1 frequency of visits to
f h • IVniteiiti irv l**‘iii nrodurtive of insc ti-
rity, enommu* waste of time, ami distraet-
in:: tl* nttenti m ho , b » f keepers amt con
victs, it is < f vital i .iportnm-e to the pun-
pciity of that institution i!,at it should he
r* tri' t- -1 a* far as pn- .ihlc. and the h-.ard
of inspectors ore hi i t• \ :i;ilu.iised to adopt
*1* *
f-.l the
ill,
*lv in■; lluit inc<
purp.
of
ting
•anal inim It* :m&
* tollnw I
k to the
. I) e. It
«>n Internal
ws, on cut*
Altaiu.i-
The contmitt e hnv e had th*■-ul»ie. t un-
d.»r *‘ou u*h ruti »n, and am ,.f opinion that
the plan U prael'c ihb . .ml when - .mini in-
[•'effect might lu> e! henelil to the state.
They do not think it advisable however to
re* ninim nd the adoption of any measures
relative tlicieto. As s-mu however as a
boar I - f public vv,.rks !•*• es*a» li>h»*d, tin v
would reroiiunend that the subj, ct he laid
beloie them forthcii consideration at an ear
ly period.
4 >n the subject'd* a canal from the Aba-
mnh i to Hapcki river, Mr. Alien also re-
jiorted ns folk-ws
The eoiumitttfu have performed the dulv
assigned them, and are of opinion that it
would, at this time be ini'Xpclicni to adopt
any specific course in relation tu such con
templated canal inasuiu. h as no general
svstetn of internal improvement has been
adopted.
The reports w ere agreed to.
Mr Gamble'-, reviici. n of y t, nlay re
lative to vibit* to the lk uilcotiaiy was taken
up and agreed to.
HOUSE or KEl’KEsi NT.VriVES.
.Movn.w, Dec. t!.
Dl'.BJTt: av THE Fl.r.CTOlUL unr,
comm in n.
Tim moti *n of Mr UK XNIIAM, tint the
substitute offered by Mr. Holt he received
in-loa*l of the original hill, living hell no tin
IL»i**p.
k. I WV s d he rose witli extienie
reluctance to « pv r.'.ain the attention of
lie House in i i Mttcr diseussi >n •»t this
question. But be was deeply improved with
the iuiportnnee of the subject and of the
propriety ,d its lull and free investigation,
.'•hu h au investiralion was vine to nurse vi *
ns legislator*, and tv» the people of Georgia
for whom vve legislate. 'Flu* act of our
legislation will not be confined to the pres-
it titng. i,or limited to a temporary pnr-
mo^. It will extend to nistcrltv It ,v:;!
the pow er was vested in a body i
ateu and for the particular purpose . and
such a body was suppo-ed most likely to
understand the w ishes and v iews of the | o,,-
plo. It is iiimiat, ii:il tlnu, whethir the
p(*«»ph• immediately and dire, tly exercise
the right of appointing tho elector* thcni-
.v Ive*, or in,la, cilv through tlihir legnllv
c uislitnti d u«i, nt :, the Legislature. The
object to h.- attained in the uppointmeiit i.->
their trill . which may, f *r aught tliat
appears (in the constitution, he express-
ed hy any agent to whom the pow, r may
he • lUllisted, W hetl.cr tl prev i*>us|y exisliiig
body or not. But there aio other reasons
v. Inch enter into this provision of the ,• »i
s'itotir.il. It w a* conceiv ed proper that tl
Executive, of li.i United Si rites, should Ini
independent of any pre.-e.vi^ling and pcinm-
n, ni body. The * lectors are dissolved as a
body'as soon as their duty i* perlbrmed.—
A newly created body w uld he less liable
to he tampered with and corrupted ; and
being small bodies voting d, taclu *1 in their
separnto states, would ho ah-olvcd from the
hazard of tumult and oonfu-dor,, and vvoitM
he most likely to make a j ultcioiis bele, tion
D * these oir« nmstnnc's and reason* npply t-
the appointimiit of ill*, eh ,‘tors tin m adv-'S
Flie pri in:ipal requisite in tin• el cn iic le r of the
elector is that be dde to expresstho voice f,
the people.and to transmit that voice to the
sea toft no general gov ernnient— And tho elec
tor* may he equal \ cnjiahleol expressing that
voico whether their ' lection emanated from
the hand* of the people cr their ii'tnil*. I:
is a question whicli sieera clear of the con-
siiuulon, only t" h*‘ regulated hv n sound
disen lion as to its policy. And ti* th** mode
of electing by the Legislature in tl.e first
instance, were with reference to its policy
e\on admitted (for argument sake) to bo in-
defcnBjblc, limited as it is by the substitu
on yodr table to tin* last resort, it is uppr •
lictide l that it is not only defensible, hut
highly politic.
It lias again, been urged, that bv a fair in
terpretation of tho constitution, the Legi.-la-
tttru c titiot ever, i*u this power, it never ha
ving la’i n int'Muled hy that article, that they
should exercise it. since the power is directly
gi\ en to the people, by intoi preting the term
st.if to mean the people of the state. Al
though ho had referred on a firmer occa
sion for tho meaning of this word state, to
its received acceptation tin* '.limit the
country, and altlio’ lie believed this would
furnish Hullicicut answer to the arguim'iit.
Vet he would now state w hat he conceived
it to mean—li did not mean people, nor
government, nor t* rritorv ; hut it included
them all. If ho might l/e perrnitti d tho * x-
pressioii.it was a generictcrm, and included
its species. It compioheuds every tiling
eonneeled with a government, i;s power, its
people, its territory mid resources. And
the use of the term in the instance under
consider:' ion, might he viewed as an illus
tration of ike peculiar care and precision
with which the frame,* of the con-titulion
used the terms they had occasion for The
gentk in .u w ho li. d preceded him had an».-
• ipated bi n, he said, in tho illustration ol
this positi a. by a reference t.* tho socond
section of the first article of tho cunstitu*
li"U—•• 'Flu* uieiiioers of tile House , f Re-
presei,l:iliv,>‘ .-hall he chosen hy tlm proplt
ol’ the ,-overal states." If the urm stute
was intended to mean people, why did the
fiameis "!’ the coiisiiiution ay the juoplt * I
tho several slat, s ? Why did they not say
simply •’shall he eh »*»cn hy the several
states : These consideration*. Mr. L. said,
were Millicicntto satisfy him. not only that
the term state could n>»t nr all pcijde. hut
also tint the terms arcubcd in contra-distinc
tion to each other.
Ti;» *J*M s. ctimi *if the constitution of the
state ,d’ < tv orgia deelarcH, that the Legisl.a
tore »hall haw power to make all laws and
ordinan* s w Inch they shall deem i,cccs*ru v
ami propel for tin' Rood of the state, win n
.-linll not he repugn ,nt to tie constilutioii.
By tlie term ordinance.le* meler-tooil a law ,
a rid*. or an appointment. The power Ii,• i*• -
in granted embrace-, tlm power of legiidu.
ing oil all sulijec;- not expressly prohibited
Now, by the constitution <>f the U. States,
the pow* r of regulating the mode of tin
election ot v lectors is dch gated to ill • I .cgis-
lature. In tlm cunstitu ion v f (ieorgia. no
thing pr hibiis t he Legislature ti omnia .ing
the election as well as regulating the manner
of it, lor they me • «prcs*ly pv rini.tcd t*>
make all laws and oid,nau,, that i-. hj>-
pointment .not prohibited. Ur«im tliis view
uf t!ie subject, it appeared t*‘ him the cmi
stituhoiial o!)j, iinji to this f ature in tin
suhstiiute must ihil to the ground And he
lm e vl eou'.vl l»e mivtv'bswiilv sus li ned, one
of th** e jii •positions must be made out—
1st. 'Flint tins power of elevti »ll is not giv
en to the stat< -—Or 5id. That if given, it is
so limited tvi the people that they alone can
exercise it—Or 3d. That the people Invir..
the right, have inluhitcd theirrepresv utativ «•-
in the state Legislature, hv their constiiu-
ti-ni, from reprv renting t!»cm in tho, \. r. i-*
of tins ught. Tho cv,averse of these propo
sition* pi iiilv appears.
ll.> would tin n assume it as a fa, t, tha:
the le gislature nvit being const tuti *ul!v de
barred. arc constitutionally ctiipoweicd t«*
, ]ict. lie would repeat that this eon- hiscu*
is fortified by the example of other state*
lYr hav e heretofore elected cur electors m
tliis way, from tile foundativ.n of our consti
tution up to the pr, *• nt time. Seien oilier
state* have adopi, d tho sumo plan.-—Yet
now, f t the Inst time, w* are t ddthat
i h it w c have i tU! w i mg ' And what
i* more surpii-ing, this discovery is not
founded oil a liberal onstrueti »n of th*
of the constitution ret-ri*‘d to, but upon a
criticalannly v8*>f the word • stat
Thus then we dispose « f this branch of
the mtlqcct—the election hy the Legislature
1’lie next point uiisos out of that feature ,»
the suliBtitute which requires a majority o
all the vc! * taken to eject. I’ hud been
nh-t.tntc,
if repuh-
f the ma-
only should go* ern ; and w hy is this princi
ple so access. ! v alid peculiarly anplicahet
to republics ? mid if admitted to the extent
contended 1br> why not throw it into ai! ouv
otl.tr doctions 3 tiro questions which have
been pronound d, and which Mr. L. said
he would attempt to answer. The most
dangerous ene.ru > with which republics hav*
had lo struggle has been fiction ; the moat
alarming emi.s.men, * s to the existence and
p* rma"cncy of tree institutions have spmn . r
trom ti i* memoruhle cause—It has induced
tin- idea on the other side of the water that
man i* a being incapable of enjoying ration
al and civil liin-ity—It has annihilated the
existence of republics from the fire of Eu
rope, and converted that portion of the globe
into one wide extended scene o ‘ monarchy
;tud dor.io is i—whi h, us i!s chords arc
tinlitcncrl, will ultima:, ly chain down the
p vver* of the human intellect. This i* no
ti« t.o.i-— 1 a»v»k to the republics of ancient
Greece and modmn Italy. Their annnlfi :
d sngured hy their dou.e^tie tumults ; and
tho turbulence and usurpatioun of fa* tiom
parties produced disaste r fatal to tho exis
tenco of the g »vernment. Docs the Ame
rican government possess the means ofcon
trolling those ni’eets, fnrtho causes are com
mon to man ' Agaiu.«t tlioir rceurrencr
find in the principles of our u<’\eminent the
safe guards. From the operation of th,
presentativo piiucipln vve have much t»» cal
eulute ; but wo must look further. If :
factious minority attempts to disturb the so
ciotv, or t*» interrupt the vvhe. Is of the gov
ernnient, vve have only to apply the. whole
3otno jirimip'e of calling for the voice oftlu
majority, and hv a regular vote putt.ng them
down. And if ihispidbciple be not rev»»rt
cd to, even a minority may have it iu th
power essentially to distract the society
well as to interrupt tho wholesome ndminis
tratiota of »ho government. To illustrate
this id'.sa with re!* reu* e to tho present qtic:
tion—rfuppowe (ieorgia divided int
parties ; and fir the sake of distinction In
would designate them as the Uepuhlicfl
and Federal piote s, the lbrnu r {laving
decided in.'iioiity. This republican pail
cotisei us „f their strength, are less ton
r ions of their svi-t union, and yield in sonic
instances to the operation of private feclin,
nr local prodilc' lions This republic
party have fifn eu candidatis run for th
elector* of !*ii:.'i,l« :it —they are divided
their votes, and sic <,, d iu elr* ting hut fiv
The levk i.il puny, muled by tie n Weak
ic .-s, rim their r, gnhir ticket of nine, and
tour of their ti let obtain a pliircdii y
over the remaining ten of the republicans.—
Georgia would then have fiv
• •Iot tors and f mr f» dcra!. The consequence
would bo tliat the voice of the state would
not have been fairly expressed, because f.’ie
state was republican. The vote of the stute
would bo incuicii.-nt, because divided, and
instead of nine, sho would have hut one
usepil vote. Jvurely sueh a result ought to
lie avoided, and it can only 1m avoid' d l>\
the app icatioii of tho principle, th.it the
and will „f the majority sliall he n> ertained
s i it* ru! . It isfor the imerst of t!ie people
ilieuii etvc.siiiat r i ha state of iliii.gs h!ic< i . Id
bo r, sis'od It is by the application of this
i rn:v. pie. ,r> this as well asin* v* n other case
that the * tlbrts ot afactiottb minority can lie
, ontroll* d. But shall the maj .ri.’V he can he
permitted rudelv totra n; ! • on the muioritv.
and to conduct t.henibelves jqircssiv* l\ , r
on wrong principles/ Hudi Ins been tho
faW of iniiioritie* in other icpubli s : hut il
is otlierwiso with us Tho remedy s found
in the Fedora! Union. It is scarcely to be
>upp *st>vl that a system of improper politiea
conduct, or of opprssir.n could huso dilfu-
•cd throughout the several suites, as to tnk
away the correcting iuflucn *• which is form
d in tho tederul Union, Ti e. r“Miedy is
perhaps as pntiect u* human interns could
make it. Thus yon are surrounded on all
sides hy checks and guards—Depart Ir an
these, you introduce distra* ti
hmee, in the oiidst ofvvhi* li, sooner •>. liter!
civil liberty inav he offered up a fettered
victim on the altar of tyranny—Preserve |
them and the wtedc system of government
goes on in harmony; pence and union at;
home, respect and admiration from abroad
Mr. E. said, lie would extend the range
ofiileas within which he had been moving ;
lie w. uld enlarge the view, and embrace
the whole Uni w\ \w r*dvtionto thiseleetion
T!ie period is probably not tar distant when
the constitution of the. United States will he
changed, and an uniform mode ot* appoint
ing electors adopted throughout tlm Union.
Suppose this uniform mode to be hv gene
ral ticket of the people. Think von a pin*
lulity of vote* would gov rn in iho several
states ? \\ h it would Iu tho eoiiseqiieneo ?
\ miserable lh* tion- -a pitiful faction-—an
Imiiihle minorirv might, give a President Jo
tltel.uion. r F,» deiuonslrate it—suppose
(ieur pa has in all IFi.iHO vote* and H can
did -'tes for el < tors - Tu six of them sin*
gives ISJ/JOO v *:cs—to throe 10,000—and to
nine she giv. ^ I 1,000. The nine c imlnlalcs
having 13,000, that hi ing u pluraiity, would
he elected in a giv mu )'i» v<*t, - —
Now suppose, for 'he facility of iOus'rutnm,
all the s!at*s liad the same number of vot- s,
3.»,0000—that lt»o nunilu r of candid itos for
electors was l A ill each, and that they re
ceived the < nuiiiluT of vote* us already
mated—Tvventv-fhreestates wmild thongive
an a. r gr*‘• •.'(! of r’lkYOOO votes, and the nin*‘
«:;iiidid;it,H , |c * • d n »«t‘ !, would reeoivo an
aggregate of •J*'*,00). Two hundred and
iiin, l\ -nine thou-, nd votes would thus elect
a President, to whom tl * remaining f»0,!,0d0
would he Opjmscd. The good sense, the
candor ol* eve; v rational man would res
pond, would not this be muik, I with injus-
ti'’« ■ nil I indignantly respond, that one-tii rd
or one foiuth of the people should n<»t have
the power of electing the President.
Tho ennsequi*;,. rs ofso* h a stateof tilings
would he most sc,ions. Tie- jveople ol*tliis
country , mt, lligent and jealous of their
"glits as th. \ ..;«■. would never-ubmit to if
ly unnecessary, Mr L. said, forth# purpo
se* of this discussion to enter into the con
sideration of tho objects intend d to be at
tained by the framers of the constitution by
the creation and establishment of this bran ;
of the general government. For if the ar
gument were apphe. ble, it was only so far
as this aristocratic character of the H-natc
was dedueible from the mode of its appoint
ment. The argument then, as he understood
it was, the constitution intended there should
ic, shoi
he two democratic or republican bodies.
'Flic Executive and the House of Hep-
nlatives, and one intermediate nrist**-
ratie body the Senate, deriving these res-
hnract» Ts fioin the mode of their
app«'intmcnt. Mr. L. said whilst tin' Hen-
n tho very nature of its constitution
ind its powers was intended to exercise a
controlling influence over the ebullitions of
the more popular branch, the true reason
*»r i 8 app intnicnf by the state Legislatures
van ‘ ! to give to the state government such
n agency in the foimatioii of the. federal
:«»veminent as would secure the authority
»f the former and form a convenient link
between the two systems.” Thorn is tin
tinnlogy hetvveon these two branches—and
the sourc* from which the executive power
is derived is equally dill’, rent fr, in, and can
not be assimilated t<> either—and whether
tho selection o. electors he made by the
people or tho Legislature the immediate
lection rests upon tlm state* in their politi-
11 characters. But whether this argument
m viewed vvilli r» fer,Mice to the operation
and extent of the powers of the dilferent
branches of tho government, or to the sour-
s from vv hu ll those powers are derived,
it must ho rejected—and with refer, nee to
its applicability to tho present qnc? tion is
disi.i.ssed a* liuving little to do with it.
Mr. L. said the sin (ns il hud boon term
ed) of bringing this question before iho
people, had been Did at the door of lhut
party whose political sen:intents be profess
ed to hold. If it were Important to reply
to this charge, lie would ask gentlemen 1
who made this assertion, from what side of'
tin* House fiie hill originated at the last ses
sion / lie knew the recollection of gentle
men was two good to permit them to deny
that it had its -rigiu with them. We felt
no eeessity for tho proposed change ; no
consciousness 0 f the people’s wish—We re
sisted I lie effort. A resolution was adop
ted embracing the views of his party, and
intended to ascertain the wishes ,»f the peo
ple ; Imt no positive pledge could have been
inf* rretl from tlmnco of the course which
vv mid be pursued. Y t as he believed it a
matter of inconsiderable moment through
what medium the voire of t.'io state were
expressed the great and only object be
ing* that her voice should be fiirlv exjiress-
C«I und the vote >.f the state efficiently se
cured, (imperfectly as the peojile’s wishes
had been pscerfuttird,) he would say, as
the people so willed it, let it he so. But in
giving it to the people we were charged hy
our duty mid our fidelity to their interests,
religiously to adhere to the provision* con
tained iu the suhs'it ite—He would seal hi*
political deHtruet.on before In: would coil
sent to the passage of the original hill <>n
the Janie : a lull tending to destroy the first
and most in,jr.riant rii’lrs of the people
them elves, fie felt tlm: in giving it hi*
sup, he. vvoul \ \i date the solemn oldip
ti *n of the oalfi he had taken; anon
j whi. li called for the exercise of his best
I judgment in rue pn.,pie's inter and which
oound c in*' ionee to the throne of hi*
[ maker.
j When cnik'incn urge the diverse inter-
t est betvv. * ij.* L ; islature and the people
I In would ie nark, that he felt hitM*elf t*» In
| mm -‘l \!i»' t>o,)p|e ; and the in :* linitv and
j s ijiliis’ry of those who pretended to think
ot.nervvise r.mid not convince him of the
outrary. He felt that I,
I security vvete intirnatel v
' and depended on th • i.
j curity of the whole pc
cepted the trust rep sod .
and turlm- j st'tuents and ndde I the.
Legislator, lm did
o r the character
They W„ul«
u itli one vn
such a law.
•iinal hiil o.
the people »
will deni HU
dm-trme. so
Tho a-gi
and tie
IL.iio
1 ii-*' up in their majesty and
ice d'Minnd the repeal of such
And. •*.. . if you p-ss the ,„i.
your talde. tin* in l.inr tion of
f this state will he roused—they
! < 1’ vmt the abandonment of a
*trm
of the gentleman frou
u ceded upon the red*-r •
ie analf gv between th'
ot’ the meniher* of t ■
, nfatives of tie n .ti
nnv distinct inrere
Li;n incapable (
people. G'*n‘!on
sit ion which cl.iii
prove* too iiiiii'Ii
happiuc
• mneeted with
•i.u’83 and s
’Vh' ii he ac
nn: y his con
barn er of ill
>1 thereby div s' himse!
t' the citizen —m,r vva
id. re
reated wlii
truly repres'uuing tin
•» have - .•: that '.be po
tliis affiii'.ty of interest
For why not then, it i
Lid* is determined by a p!;:- )°1 intcuf
: .'in renlv to r!i»
•he cm**''tution
'■diicli oxpr
vihei
ill he
llu.s
cted hv
from the st.
»grant toiht
cunstan
:isl.iture !
people
taking
. utionallv i •
•naioritv in *
f.iif ili* > rc| rr’!;i, ■
election would, in t!;
•b ain sttrli majority i i- rib
Die recommitment of i* • • »l: prr
• 'tilioll of the ^ • t ' •* ■ I ■ ;n
in determining upon ;',e soiection
other popular e!e*uiiui niDbt caus
to he unrepresented.
An arguui'Mit has been al- •
whicli, with ref. rence to any v
said that lie had been able to
constitution of the r nited State
itself with some peeuln.fi»v.
The Senate w.i* .*od. idered hv the gen-
tletnan ns a kind of aristocratk branch ot
the c-»veminent placed 'diat* Iv he-
t’vceii tile two bodies the executive und ti e
House cf Representatives- It was certain-
•dt in
i; and the
o hold au-
$c the state
pr^senird,
. w Mr. L.
akc of the
' exhibited
asked, giv e all tho elections to the I^**gisk
tmo? The cii'iuiry find* it* its answer in
moments ictlectiou
\\ iy one election should he given to one
ortho other body depends upon the poeul
inrand intrinsic circumstances of the th n
itself, hy whicli its p da y and propriety nr,
marked. Why th*- President of the United
States should lie elected by * lectors and not
the people depends upon a variety ,
sons applicable only to this particular elec
tion. Why the. Legislature slmuM elect
the Judges of vour Superior courts and why
the people should elect tho Governor of
the state ?—are questions renting on rea
sons equally Found and applicable to each
respectively. In truth the argument ,fix's
n* t prove too mui h for us, but it docs prove.
to » mu* li fir the gentleman on the other
side of the House and the vis.uiiary doc
trine* he holds.
\\ e have been referred to the experience
of other states. Virginia and Pennsylva
nia, vve tire told elect on the, principle of a
plurality, and that tin* successful ticket ha-
aLvays obtained a majority. Take the re
sult. If experience show* that k uc!i bus
always been the < as . why are the friends of
the hill so tenn. i nis fir a plurality 3 Whv
(bead that feature of the substitute which
re'iuigcs a majority? If this experience L
i > he made the test, where is the danger, us
has hr, n rep atedly asked, tlut this election
will ever revert to this Legislature r—t)
tins Leg *];’! ire so monsimu* in tlic appre-
tieiihiun ofg* nllcment—his fiend so violative
of the people s right* and destructive «>f
their inter sts. The expeiicnce of the
p st is a good and vvlmlesome. g ii fi—but
the justice of the proposition, which main
tains.tliat because evils have not occurred,
they may imt o cur, lie denied. Oil a sub
ject like .os, lie would disregard the expe
rience ,*t tile piiht, vvln n opposed hy tin
plain dictates of reason When the mind
is •uitisiied that evils may arise from the
ml n of the principle, shall wo say vve
v '• ward against them. In cause they
t oecurred ? But sir,the experi-
country, upon tliis subject, is
not entitle its imposing sanction. It re
mains tub, sted.
Mr. Ill U.v-'iDE observed, tliat ho had
il: .n to trouble tin) committee
• fi* loro it, but the many re-
t • - .‘iis rgunients on this occasion,
made tiv tient.oiueu vvlu, arc opposed to the
original bill, rendered it in some degree nu-
ecssarv tliat lie should make a few brief ob
servations, to correct some inisfone.cj lions
of In* former remarks.
Tfie geiiileman from Clark (Mr. Dough
erty) had commenced his argument bv sav
ing that lie Would haw :iv« n a silent vote,
but tnai ho and all those who supported tin
| >ub*titutc were detioaneed as tiuilors to tle ir
eoiistfiucuts. This, said Mr B. is a eliurgO
wliieii lie nor any other person on this Hour,
i" hi* knowledge, bad made. For the cor
rectness of this assertion lie appealed to the
recollect..,n . f every niemoor of this II ju*e.
* p*»n wh.it Ii,*• g“lit!# man founded himself
alien he mu le tfi.:s expression he km vv not.
Hie same geiitleinan o!*serves, that this is
an age of wonderful improvement, when per-
sons just mi thetlirt -hold of their political ex-
isten, • , have mage such gre’iit discoveries
u relation to the constitutionality of un
elect ton of electors by tlm dilferent state
Legislature*. To whom the g, mle.nan al
luded, ho could not determine. He (said
Mi B ) had never pretended to he the disco
verer of this doctrine ; though his mind had
given its assent toil, li is adoctrmo tliat
has recently been much discussed in the U.
'-taos. und has received the sanction of men
whose wisdom U equally mutured a* that oi
that gomUnnan, however gteat his may be
und is supported by the earliest and ablest
commentators on the constitution. That he
charged any of those who put a different
construction on the constitution with a wan
ton violation of it, ho denied There al
ways ha* been and always will be a variety
of opinions on this siihjec* ; hut he believed
the doctrine he advocated calculated to
bring us nearer the original purity of our
institutions. But while gentlemen are
speaking of new discoveries, he hoped they
would not forget one that the gentleman
from Clarke nad made, when he insinuates
that there is a covert aristocratic principle
involved in the original bill. Do gentle
men reflect that every one of the whole
igiiteen states who now elect hy the peo
ple, recognise the principle contained in th,
original hill. Yes, even the state of Virgin
ia herself, who-e law on tliis subject, as hr
was informed and Imlicved, was drawn up by
Madison himself—There, Sir, a plurality ol
vote* gov erns; and not only there, hut iu our
own state, in all popular elections, u plurali
ty of votes governs, except tlm Governor’
election. The very electu-n by which eve.
ry member of this Households his seat,
eonducted on tho same plan. Then,Mr. B
paid he would retort the gentleman’s expre
sion, wonderful a^rc of improvement! w hen
(not mere hoys) but gentlemen of great mutu
rity of wisdom, have discovered that the
vvlu do, or nearly so, of tho popular election
of the Union are conducted in an aristocra
tic manner. This doctrine was so extraor
dinary, that ho should not waste much time
iu discussing it. If,- would merely say fur
ther, that there is but one way by vv hid
you could, in his opinion, properly roqnire
any thing more than a plurality, and that ‘
hy referring the election again to the people
and let vllisui ballot until some one enudi
,1ato receives a majority of all the vote
But this is attended with great inconveni
, lice, and more especially in this election
r, ndered impossible hy the want of time.
The vote must be given in thiity-four days
fir-r the election of the electors, and there
ore a second election cannot take plac
\tuI this is the more immaterial, since it
found by experience that it seldom ever hap
tens hut that the successful candidates have
decided majority of all the votes.
The gentleman from Uhatliain, whom
mild not pretend .at this late stage of debate
to folio vv tltfough all his arguments, had
made a calculation to show that, by the pi
proposed in the original hill, a minority may
loot a President The gentleman might
xtend his calculations further, and show by
th* 1 same course of reasoning, that a minrri-
ty of this state might elect the members of
this House, because a majority of all the
votes of a count v is not required to electa
member, but only that ho should get more
than hi* opponent. This calculation
he might make vv itli equal propriety because
those elections and thq elections contempla
ted by tho bill are governed by exactly the
rules. But who would bo alarmed by
Kiicli a calculation ? Nobody, In; would
'iituro to to say, fiut the pen*’Oman him
If. ft may ho within -the limits ot pos
sibility, but it is altogether out of the range
of all probability that such a thing should
happen as tho election of many of the mem
bers of our Legislature in this way. Now
and then, hv reason of a great many candi
dates being brought before the pooplo :l sin
gle individual may succeed in his election in
this wav, but this happens rarely, and no
man ever thought of founding nn objection
to that principle «>f our popular election!
that allows a plurality of votes to elect.—
But from the cry raised about a minority ru
ling and all this, if the original hill pr,sses ;
one. vvon’d almost he induced to think that
there was an express provision to that effect
in the hill; hut vvliat will lie tho astonish
ment nf.my man who has listened to this
rieDitc, and should then examine the hill
and see that it proposes tm le, t those electors
on tin: very principle on which till their ii
nurttint elections are conducted, such
members to Congress, members of tho I
••islaturn ; about which vve never hrter and
never will hear a complaint. The tact is,
that a plurality of votes must govern,or there
must he election after election, if no candi
date has n majority ef all the votes given in;
or sumo other tribunal must step in and make
a decision. Now as this an happen but rar •- j upon all occasion
Iv, that tho su eessful candidate* will not
ould dread that fentorl: of the substitute
which requires a majority, when it see.ns
that in those state* where a plurality govern*
majority is almost a way* obtained. Th®
mswer is plain, that requiring a ma jority of^
all the votes to elect, will oiler ail opportu
nity for those vvhe have greater hopes be
fore the Legislature than the people, to start
a number of tickets and so divide the vote*
that there will be no election, and thus
throw the election into the Legislature.—
But let a plurality govern, and every ono
will then give his undivided support to hi*
favorite ticket, and thereby the successful
ticket will almost in every instance liuvt* a
majority of all the votes.
He bad thus gone through those argu
ments of gentlemen that he believed re
quired answer. He should now leave it in
the hands of the committee to do with it as
they may think riglit. believing lie had fully
discharged his duty in advocating the prin
ciples which he sincerely believed should
govern and influence this election.
Mr. THOMAS, of Warren said, when
this hill was before the House the other day
his remarks were principally direM^d to
that feature of tho proposed substitute, which
requires a majority of the votes given in by
the people le constitute the ch« ice of elec
tors. And in recommending tliis principle
substitute. Ii> finned lie then autiutin.
of the substitute, h^ hoped lie thou satisfied
the House, that it snould not be disp, used
v itli in so important an election a* this.—
liis observations, at this time would be iu
tended to do away tho objections, which
some gentlemen seem to have to another
feature of the substitute, which throws tlm
election back upon the Legislature, incasu
the requisite number of electors voted for,
have not such majority of the votes given, at
least, to the extent of the deficiency
As for himself, lie thought, there was no
necessity of legislating at all upon tliis
subject, at this time. Congress may, with
in the four years, which are to tdapfifbreforc
another election of this kind, pas* sourc uni
form law upon the subject; which wilf se
cure the harmony and confidence of the
Union. Yet the subject is presspd upon th •
House. There seems to he a natural pro
pensity in man to versatility. This anxiety
for innovation, often prompt* him to sacri
fice at the shrine of experimental legislation,
the well earned fruits of wisdom ind virtue.
Hence, the statesmen should pause, and sut-
vev with nn eagle's eye, the proffered glo
ries of a change, before ho slioul J consent
to relinquish die permanent security of a
well-tried system, lor the golden dream* ot*
a new one.
No positive evils have been pointed out
as incident to tho inode herctofbrc pursued
by this stale in choosing (doctors. It is not
denied that tho state has in every instance,
been trulv represented* Will any other
mode he likely to bo inoro successful, or
more satisfactory, or more certainly secure
tho correct vote uf the statu ? It is to las
uppr'ch.-Tided it will not. In his opinion, ho
said, the indignation of tlm people would ho
justly roused against m*, if we should so fur
rompromit their rights as to reject tho sub
stitute ; and thus give the election to tiro
minonty iu many instances.
An alteration of the constitution of this
state was made some years ago, so ns to*
give the election of the justices of tho Infe
rior comt, and *»f the peace to tho people.
This desirable change as it was then suppo
se,], was effect'?,! by tl.e political ascendants
of the ,lny, and was thought to he an acqui
sition of lung usurped power in favor of
their constituents, so deservedly popular
that no monument rrf marble, , r pyramid
of IDv pt, would more prouldly tell to this
fleeting, transient world,that the memory
of man, of mortal man, should never fade
away! Mistaken sycophants ! Experience
has shown, that il only operated ns u pow*
erful opiate to full to sleep the hitherto most
watchful vigil of the people’s rights—the
domestic justice of the country. The-truo
inteic.-t of the community, nut the popular
opinion of the times, should guide and go
vern politicians. If they desert this priori-
: pie, they become mere lanes, fix' d up on
nigh to indicate the f.*hionahlo changes of
! the day ; or perhaps more fitly compared to
1 of wood thrown upon the water to point
I log
to spectators the current of the stream!
Arc we not to exercise our host judgment 1 *
Is not this a d, liheru-
, live body, responsible fur the > ores we give
have a majority, it is better oil every account both to the country and to our God !
that this third party should not in'.erfi re he- j Ho was decidedly in favor of popular cDc-
tween the jHmple and their candidate*, more | tiuiis as a general principle, lie rejoiced
espe. iully upon the principle contemplated ' that most of our elections are of that sort,
li}’ tin- substitute-; by which tlio Legislature Yet liu h:ul not been convinced of the ik .
is authorised to rl«;c. without any limitation j cessity of chan-jins this election, especially
to ils powor whatc\cr. j when no mischief hud citHUod lie w; s
lint tlio (rcnlloman from Chatham has I happy that the Imimrdhlo county ofWairm,
raid a (treat deal about tlm danpor tn be op- j wiiir Ii Inis stand iirui like a pillar amid the
prdicnded from minorities in a republican political U tnpust, had expressed n voice so
government. Allcr solemnly entering n much in umsun with hi* own ut the lute
protest against the doctrine that the accidental election, upon tliis subject The people of
ircmnstMirp of any imiiiorsct of men, think
ing differently from a majority of any legis
lative body, is an argument that those mea
sures arc dangerous to tfie community, he
would r.sk whether this is a measure of the
minority? Ti., re.urns of the Inst election
show th it 30,000 of the citizens of this coun
try arc in favor of it, which eoietitute a
large majority »f all the votes of tie state
given in at Ih hist election, and more than
two-thirds of all who voted on this subject.
Then this i- imt a measure of a minority,
hut a in- asure sustained hy a majority of all
tho voters of ibis country, who came to the
polls iit the late election.
l!ut, says the gentleman, pass the original
bill and flu* people will seethe inconvenience
and ris. up in their majesty and cause i:s re
peal. He, formic, wmild take the rir-k, on
tin- original lull ; lie believed that the people
had approved . f it and would do so again.
But pits* the substitute, and the people will
s.iv to you, we required at your hand* the
fr, o and unlimited exercise of tliis right, and
you have given it to us so limited tliat it is
scarce worth the lowing
Tin*gentleman from Chatham had obser
ved that the view that was taken of the Se
nate uf the United Mat's was an extraordin
ary one. That the Senate had been repre
sented as the aristocratic branch of the go
vernment of tlie Union, pi iced between t wo
other bran -lies, deriving their authority im
mediately from the people. Mr. B. ohserved
that the gentleman had mistaken the term
used hy him. lie hud not said that tlio Se
nate was the aristocratic brunch of the go
vernment, hut the federal brunch, in which
the states were represented, and that the
other two branches derived their power ini-,
mediately from the people in the first in
stance, or as nearly so as is consistent with
the nature of our population. And the gen
tleman will see hv reference to the commen
taries of the framers of the federal constitu
tion. tliat this term is used as applicable to
the Senate of the Union.
There is another observation of the gen
tleman from Chatham, that demanded at
tention. 11.) observed that the sin, ns it fiu<)
been termed, ot urging the subject of the elec
tion of electors on the people, had been at
tributed *.o his politi' id friends. Here again
the gentleman had mistaken him. He (Mr.
B.) had observ ed th.it the sin, if it were a bin,
of calling oil the people to say by their votes
what their wishes were, was not attributable
to the friends of the electoral law at the las;
session. They were w illing to act on the
law u» on all other laws which came before
them ; but those who were against the law
at the last session, required that the people
should b,'Consulted before tlio law was pass
ed For this roolutinn, lie ullowcd that
many of the friend* of the electoral law vo
ted, when they found that the law could not
pass at tliat st ssion, and the result has prov
ed that they were right in their opinion in
relation to the public sentiment. He had
never denied that the law originated will.
,l»o-e who now support tin* original bill, mu'
lie for one, felt any thiug else r.itlier than a
disposition to deny hD agency in it.
But the gentleman has ®flked, why we
that county say, that if tlu v vote upon thi
subject, they inu-t vote from information ;
and tfiey would thus give tho control of the.
election to those who had no resp, liability.
Beth agency and accountability are happily
blended inth 3 representative ehnra< ter. But
it is said, the people have called for it in a
voice of thunder not Jo be resisted ! This
is mi appeal to our feelings, not to our judg
ment!. Arowoto prostrate ourselves be
fore tho might v power of public opinion, an!
act tho pint of more machines to move n
vve are operated on ? Certainly not. The
dignity and independence ot tfie legislative
character—-theoai.fi whicli binds iis "«'• the
throne of the Eternal, r,spi re sonn.ti.lies a
a different course «»f conduct. *
A very absurd distinct on is now attempt
ed to bo dravvu, for the first lime, between
the Legislature and tho people, as though
thev had separate and distinct interest* au^
feelings, j-fir, said Mr. T. tin? strong am!
sympathetic cord which bind* ifie true* re
presentative to his coiiMitlimits, m fiko tfie
nuptial bond, strong and powerful. iW
doubt that these puliiimil imposters, who sirs
at war with the most beautiful feature of the
federal constitution, have a design in putting
afloat tliis hum-bug throughout the Union,-
to bring tfie representative branch of tin;
government into disrepute wi h the people.
Those *• people's inert," a* they are pleated
to cull themselves, frequently carry their
purpose* by commencing demagogues and
ending tyrants. When this principle is des
troyed. which happily preserves ttfe equili
brium of our political system, farewell to
our country !
The gentleman from Columbia wishes to
prove that vve (the Legislature) cannot le
gally and constitutionally exercise this right,
it' the elcctioy should come into the House,
because lie says vve arc expressly inhibited
by that article, of the constitution of the U.
Mates which says •* Each slate shall appoint
in such manner ns the Legislature thereof
may direct, a number of electors, cnuul to
the whole number of Senators and Repre
sentatives to which the state may be enti tied
in the Congress.’’ Mr. T. said lie presumed
whatever the State could do ill the exercise
of this vested power, the Legislature could
do; for thev are synonymous term*. When
we say the Stall of Georgia has a passed
a particular law, do we not mean the Legis
lature of the state ? If therefore, the State
can appoint the electors, may not tJie Legis
lature also appoint. Tin* legislative pow , r
is the supreme power of the state. !l* the
Legislature shall appoint the manner of
electing, and can give ibis right to any cor
porutc hodv, can she m t with equal justic
exercise it herself J Is the creature greater
than the creator ? That the constitution r!
tfie United States might recommend itsel!
iw the respect and adoption of the several
states, it was thought hot to leave tills elec
tion entire];, optioiiul with the state., either
to choose the electors by a general ticket, o;
to elect them hy the Legislature* of the
states, us it might best comport with tho
.v Dims uf the respective states
The gentleman from Columbia says wi*k
grout emphasis, tho people have damaLdv!