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1 !V % fw BY CAMAK Sl RAGLAND, STATE PRINTERS. MILLEDGEVILLE, TUESDAY, AUGUST 30, 1835. | 4 ii-T Soiif/t Carolina—Look at the men who fomposcd the company nt which the following ioasts were drunk, and *ny whether praise Jroming from such a source, is not indeed cn- | viable. I SENTIMENTS OF SUOTH CAROLINA. I 1 The eecond Anniversary of the South Ca- i Volina Association, was held on the 2£il» ult Jvhen Keating Simmons was elected Presi* \ 'lent, and Gen. Thomas Pinckney, Stephen' I) Elliott,Henry Dens, J. M;tuigH>dt‘. and Col. * Baud I'On, Vice-Presidents ; Lawrence E. |' Dawson, Recording Secretary; Robert J. Turnbull. Corresponding Secretary ; Frede rick W. Sollee, Treasurer ; Isaac E. Holmes,' noliciter ; Barnard E. Bee, William Skirt ing ^Smitli, Stewards ; Standing Committee—-John | Middleton, Chairman, Richard \V. Vander- iinrst, Sedgexvick L. Simons. .Inhn Gordon, Ccnjimln F. Hunt, Campbell Dongh«, Kd- vvnrd Carcw. A dinner was nfinrwords par- taken of, alter which the following toasts were drank: 1. The Dry—May eveiy Anniversary bring witfi it, an increase of zeal, on the pari of 'members. 2. The State of South* Carolina—She knows liar rights, And Ktiptvs too, liotv to -maintain them. ™ " 3. His Excellency Governor Manning—A 'Carolinian devoted to his native State. 4 The policy of the South—The source of our wealth and prosperilr We would not change it, it we lud the power. Nolemus leges Carolinicuses niutari. 6 The State Sovereignties—The ark, to which we must ultimately look for our safety. Lot it not be cngulglicd in the constructive pow ers of Congress. t». The Southern States—The gohlen links in the Agricultural and Commercial chain of the Union. 7. Southern Habits—Southern predilections —and Soul hern sympathies—Ksto perpetua. 8. The St ile of Georgia, and its patriotic Governor Tioup. 9. Our State Legislature—Self-preservation is a right inherent in every Sovereign State, il paramount to all laws, treaties and consti- Jiitions"—Lot the enemies to our peace cavil nt our laws— Be ours the duty totuppori'tlr 10. Union of nil the Slates—Intended to protect the property of each, in spirit and in truth. 11. The President and Congress of the IJ Stales—The Union was entered into with - view to commerce, and the coin won defence ; and not by new tariJF.1, to eurich one section of the country by impoverishing another. 12. The Commerce of the North and A culture of the South—Their mono is the s tine —1st us a’one. 13. Good men of all chsso?—Let U9 differ only as to the best means of giving stability to Stale rights and institutions. 14. The South Carolina and Charleston Colleges—Let domestic education be more cherished than c\er, as the sure basis of pro per sentiments in the rising generation 15. The resident Mechanics and the Militia of our eitv. Oar right Irrud and our right arm 16. The naturaliz'd Citizen—All are natii who upholdnur local policy and laws Ti worst foreigners amongst us are those who oppose them 17. The Edisto Island Association, and all other Societies throughout the State auxiliary to this. 18. ThcvLjidiesof Carolina— They our or nanients, irftheir gunid SENTIMENTS OF SOUTH CAROLINA ExEf utivk Department, \ December 1st, 1821. } To the Honorable, the President and Mem bers of the Senate Fellow Citizens—1 have the honor herewith to submit to your consideration proposed amendment to the Constitution of the United .States, from the State df Geor gia, in the following words :— 4 ‘ That no part of the Constitution of the United States ought to be construed, or shall be construed, to authorise the importation or ingress of any person of color into any ■ onooftlio United States, contrary to the ■ laws of such State “ mt la submitting this proposed amendment. I feel a Confidence that 1 nm submitting what already attaches to each State in its sovereign mid independent capacity. Tew days since,! had the honor of enclos ing to you the remonstrance of the British Minister, Mr. Canning, on a clause of a Le ■illative net passed in South Carolina, cn Tiled 4 * an Act for the better regulation Bnd government of free negroes and per Btjfcinq of color, and for other purposes to wfgethcr with the opinion of A*r. Wirt upon ^ thn same. A reference to tho rule laid dow A fey England, under similar circumstance will nt once prove that the deductions I drew k in my commmunicaiion were well warranted by her own practice. In December 1778, tlte Roman Catholics vasion of our domestic tranquility, and to preserve our sovereignty, und independence as a state, is earnestly recommended ; and if an appeal to the first principles of the right of government be disregarded, and reason be successfully combated by sophis try mid error; there would bo more glory in forming a rampart with out bodies on the confines of our territory, than to lie the vic tims of a successful rebellion, or the slaves of a grant consolidated government* Respectfully, vour Fellow Citizen. ' JOHN L WILSON. made a protestation of their principle; on which tne Legislature of England formed an oath to he takon by that body of men. A doubt arose us to the meaning intended B by the Legislature to be nifiaod to the word interference. The Solicitor General (Lee’s) •opinion was taken on the. right of the Legis future tutJiiukc this enactment. His opin ion is vJhllows: 11 A fttate or Constitution has the rights self-Heffner, as well as an individual; and is competent to each community to mal btich regulations, and to stipulate such con ditions as appear on their beat consideration to produce the greatest £ood, and to av tho most evil from society. ILr* For man has a right to remain in, and be prole ted by thn Laws of any community that plotting its destruction. On thissimple mid |dain ground 1 think every Legislatureoug to proceed ; mid I trust that it will be thou;* neither injurious to the civil rights, nor fensivo to th? pcaceablo Catholics to comply with it. Protending to no subtle casuistry, 1 cannot see bow a man who can take the oath of 1778, cun rationally object to tli proposed .oath." The opinion of boncuor uuuurui given in Dec. 1791, was confirmed by Mr. Charles Butler, the learned commentator on IMPORTANT FROM COLUMBIA. Charleston, Dec. 7. , The following resolutions oil the Message from tho Governor covering a correspon dence of the United Stutcs Government mid that of Great Britain, on the operation of a Law of this Suite, respecting tho ingress of persons of color, and also a message cover ing Resolutions from the State of Ohio, were submitted to the Senate on Saturday Inst, by Dr. John Rumsay, of St. Paul’s Parish, which were ordered to be printed, and made the order of the day in Commit* tee of the whole, on this day. “ The Reso lutions mentioned above (says our corres pondent) are of a paramount importance to this State. 1 believe that this is the only co py that will rea^h Charleston by this Mail, except one which 1 have enclosed to Mr. —." The highly important correspon dence alluded to above will bo found in our columns. Resolved, That the State of South Caro lina is desirous of complying witli any measure necessary to promote harmony bo- een this State and tho government of the niteil Stales and lor ign nations, and will hoerlully comply in all cns< s which do not involve u surrender of the safety nnd iulier- nt rights of the State. Resolved, That the Legislature of this State has carefully considered the doctirneuts transmitted by the President of tho United States, being a correspondence of the British minister relative to a law pussed December 1822, regulating free negroes and persons of olor, nnd can yet perceive no dopnrturc from the duties and rights of this Slat P the United States, in that law. Resolved, That the Legislature ape* with profound regret the alarming symptoms of in unconstitutional interference with her colored population whoso condition ns it existed at the establishment ol the present constitution of the United States, is express- recognized (paragraph 3 of See. 2, of 1.1.) and distinctly guaranteed by tint strutnem, Resolved, Tlia| it is as mip h the duty of c Stato-toguard against insubordination or insurrection among our colored population, or ‘.o control and regulate any natty*, which hie iglit excito or produce it, as to guard against any other evil, political or physical, which might assail us. This duty is para- iiount to all laws, all tr.'ntii s, fill cond itions. It arrises from the SuiMO.no and _ crinuneol law of nuturc, the law of self >rcservation ; and will never by this State >e renounced, com promised, controlled, or participated \yith any power whatever. Resolred, That this Legislature is nivase of the dangerous and insidious conduct of party .in Great Britain and the United States, who are ever ready to indulge their benevolent propensities at the expense of their neighbors, and who seem to reflect with complacency on the scenes of carnage, nnd cruelty which must be the result of their inconsiderate and mischievous machi nations Resolved, Thaithis Legislature sees with surprise that the attention of the British minister was not directed to tlic numerous acts which have been passed bv tho l’arlia ment of Great Britain within the last twen ty years, for the expulsion of Aliens, and for the repeal of the habcan Corpus act, foun ded on the suspicion that foreigners were in terfering with the domestic tranquility of the country, and justified in Great Britain by the very law of self-preservation, to which wc now appeal Resolved, That this Legislature having Received a very strange and ill-advised com uiunicnUon from the Legislature of tli State of Ohio, approves of the reply of the .Governor of Goorgia to a similar commu nication, and will on tiiis subject bo ready to ninko a common cause with tho State of Georgia and the other Southern States sitru Vrlv circumstanced in this respect lie. sol red, therefore that the Legislature df South Carolina protests ngiinst any claims of right, of the United States’, to in* *irfcre in any manner whatever with the mestic regulations and presorvatory niea ing—she has constructed a canal 353 miles in length, through which is conducted the commerce of millions. Tiiis canal, so flir from endangering the solvency of the stalo, furnishes the most con clusive evidence that it will prove a source of vast and interminable revenue. The following extracts aro from the Albany Daily Advertiser. On the 4rh of July 1818, the great Erie canal was commenced and different portions of it were completed from year to year ; and it is exported the whole canal will bo completed in September next While it was in this unfinished state, the following amount of tolls was received yearly. Tolls received in 1820, “ “ 1821, “ “ 1822, “ “ 1823, “ “ 1821, It is computed that the Erie canal, sepa rate from the Chaplain Canal cost, including the satisfaction for all claims for damages, eight millions of dollars, and that ten years trill suffice to cancel the debt!!! I cannot conclude this short article with out expressing to you my thanks for I ho in terest nnd 7.cnl you havo always manifested for the improvements of the State, and 1 can hut believo your exertions will he con tinued, and that you will still press upon the uttention of your correspondents and readers the great subject of Internal Im provement SMEATON $5,437 31 33,000 00 57.100 39 105.037 35 894,546 62 DIRECTIONS For taking an observation on the Pole Star in order to ascertain the apparent declination of the Magnetic Needle. W lieu the star is at its greatest Eastern or Western elongation, suspend a small Ninootli plumb line, about 20 feet long, from the end ol a pole, or from nu upper window or point in some building, or from n tree Let the weight iflixed at thy lower end of the line, (which should lui nhom a pound) swing in a vessel of water near the ground, to prevent the line Irom vibrating to the action of the winds. On h table placed firm on the ground five or six paces Southward of the line, meet iiRiglit- vane, which may consist of two bars of w about l wo feet in length, fastened together \ a bit of pasteboard between them at each end, so as to leave a narrow perpendicular ape tore, about the thickness of a half-dollar piece. These two bars thus fastened, may br planted in a block of wood ifyou the table, ti render it moveable during the observation. Let an assistant hold a lighted eaudlc so ai to illuminate the iihiinh line in the range of the observers eye ana th® poll star, ond in order to prevent the dazzling effect of the candle upon the Mglit, it would be well to interpose something inoiely to intcicept the light upon eye, yet so as to leave i!i« line at the point lHP.n ui.ni perfectly illuminated and visi- Stephen. Fentress, J S. Zachary, Wm. 6\ Middleb) ooks, James Anthony, Richard Harris, J. D. IVfathers. 'I has. C. McDowell, Jeremiah Doontas, I homos Dork, ,’ldam Carson, Jona. Parish, If’m. Paul. I( is ordered, that the above presentments he fonvardod by the clerk for publication. Charles j McDonald, Sol pro, tern. A true copy from the minutes. EDWIN BOWIN, Clk. Then, In*, ing seatrd yourself at thn table, a v minutes before tho star is at iis greatest e'ongatjon, m »ve die sight vain until die star •on through it is in tIks exact direction of the no. Continue to follow the motion of tho .\c, kei |M.ig tin* perpendicular aperture of the gut \ me and the line, in the direction of the ir, till it appears st<ili".iarij, at its greatest e- loiwAlion. Let a light, dcaudle he placed in an i*xn t range with the ,iglw vane and line, at the list Vieo of 100 yards or more, which should itaod p-i'pendicnlailv, lm m ule fast, extin guished nnd left till morning. Th - sight vane, thn title and the candle will bo the angle ol elongation, which observe accurately wi.b a compass ; and if the elongation he exact, add it to the apparent doclin ition, nnd it it he A est, subtract it from the apparent or ohscrv cd declination, and tho sum or difiVicuco will be the true variation of tho compjsi. I have thought proper to give this plain practical mode of finding the Magnetic declin ation. for the benefit of such as have not per sonally witnessed an obsr rvntion of this sort ; more especially as tins information is not al ways to ho found in the books, and even possi bly, not of evei y one who profe-itu * to teach the art It must be admitted after all, says President Day, tlmt the magnetic compass is but ail im perfect instrument. It is not used in the acni- r ile surveys in England. But the wild terri- t iry of the Uuitod States, where an acre of its soil is bought and sold for a dollar, does not demand greater precisi-ui of measure than i> obtainable by the compass, where all its varia ble qualities are known und regarded. 4th of July at Decatur, UK KALD COUNTY At 11 o'clock u procession was formed by Capt. Spcnco, together with bis Military School, which conducted tho Orator to Mr. S. Kiitley’s Long Room, where tho Throne of Grace was addressed by the Rev. Zarha- riah llollaicay ; the Declaration of Inde pendence was read by Samuel T. Railetj, Esq. anil an appropriate Oration delivered by Darid Young, Esq. The pnrty then partook of an excellent dinner prepared by Mr Kirtlcv.at which S. T. Bailey acted as President, nnd Dr. O. L. Morgan us Vice- President. After the cloth was removed, the following toasts were drank. 1. t'he Declaration of Independent*— An im perishable monument wf the wisdom, virtue and integrity of our ancestors. 2. General George Washington—Thn first in the sen ice o; his country, i lie fi st in thu hearts of his people ; may he l>e last that shall ho forgotten. 3. 'The memory of the Heroes of the Rtrofu• Hon—'file pan iots who scaled with their blood the Independence «-f lio n country. 4. The Constitution of the United St:te. flic strongest evidence of noliiic.il wisdom, and a lasting monument of civil liberty ;deall lo him who may attempt it* dr't.uctun. 5. The President of the United -States—Mn\ he administer equal justice to .iliu Northern tnd Southern States fi. Gr^r.v—Afier slumbering for ages mult the galling y« lie of Tin kith despotism, It-*** length nvv tkened from her lethargy, Inn sting the bonds of ignominious thraldom ; may the spirit of freedom continue to nct;ve the arm which uow *o boldly strikes fnHibc’rly. 7- Gen. L t Fayette—May Ids disinterested devotedness to the cause of fieedom, ami bis grateful reception in the Foiled States, stimii I ile oiliers to adventure in the glniioit* cause till the Holy .Mliauco^liall totter to its fall, and dc*poli«m become extinct. 8 Gen Rolivar—A second WashingtJ may the liberties which lie lias practiced Ills countrymen he as lasting as liis. exorti ve been glorious. 9. The Army and Nan of the V. $ittss—k despots. 10 Uni II Crairford— The h*Mie*l polit ic mu. tho wise statesman, the genuine icpuqii ‘ lean, and dignified private i ilizen. 11 Internal Improvement —\ willing hear and a ready hand by the stales individually but let nut state rights be violated by the gene ral government. 12. George M. Troup The zealous patriot the energetic anil watchful Governor, and tin bold defender of state rights; may he long retain tho roni,deuce of the citizens of Geor gia, u which he is so justly entitled 13 The American Fair—Tli* great incen live to virtupus actions among nten ; they w never cease to he admired till they cease to I virtuous. VOLUNTEERS. By the President—The memory of Ryron As long ns there shah he found scholar miro real poetry and traascendant geni long as there shall live republicans to I u tine of freedom and of Greece, so long sltull the name of Ifvron be cliei i»lied. By the Vice-President—Our conn laws ; while the former is loved am obeyed, tyranny will vainly endeav root among us By the Orator of the Day—Ourgc founded on the great principles of rcprr-wi t uion ; may it ever be so conducted a* lo h nor the Revolution. By Maj. James M. C. Montgomery—M the tongue of blander cease, and the twou ing cundiihiu-H for die Cliiel Magi-lracy u bi.ito. aland upon their own i By Joseph Morris Fr y —Tie ry nml it tin-Inter r lo take eminent Clinton, June 1,1C25 E. H. BURIUTT. iurcs in respect to that part of her property which consists in tho colorud population of the State, nnd which property they will not permit to be meddled with, or tampered with, or in any manner ordered, regulated, or controlled by any other power, foreign or domestic, than this Legislature. [Courier, conxMumcATxaKa. Messrs. Camuk 4*Ragland. 1 havo long considered it of tho utmost importance to the State of Georgia, that unt.. England, in iexpect of their own Roman Collmlic subjects, how much more strongly Joes it apply to persons who may reasona bly be suspccU J from our repeated knowl edge of past facts, to ho tho see rot e.nissa- rics of insurrection among our slave popu lation? And with what right can a lliit- isli Ministry insist upon our ioregnjng those rights of self protection which they have acknowledged as of permanent validity, b) the opinion of their public law officer m the ■irccooding extract, and eacrcised so often since, by tho frequent suspension ofAlien Habeas Corpus act and their repealed laws lor the exportation of ulieus. There should be a spirit of concert and of action among the slave holding States, and a determined resistance to any violation of their local institutions. The crisis seems to have^rrivcd when we ore called upon to protect ourselves. The President oi the United Slates and hits law adviser, so Jar from resisting the effort of a lorcign Mons ter, appear to bo disposed by ail argument drawn from the overwhelming powers ol the General Government, to make us the passive instruments of a policy, at war, not only with our interest, hut destructive a so of our national existence. I he evils of sla very have been visited upon us, by the cu pidity of those who aro now the champions of universal emancipation. A firm deter mination to resist ut the threshold every w - \ she should avail herself of her iiilernul re sources. Nature has given her the means of becoming exceedingly wealthy and great; but her citizens scein to slumber when they should bo awake and vigilant. Several spirited writers have attempted to arouse her uttention to Intcrtiul Impiovo- ment, but she remains una wakem-d by llicir call to her host interests. Those peculiar advantages she possesses in her numerous inlots, sounds, bays, rivers,and water cour ses, are unappreciated and unimproved.— She lias harbors excelling in magnitude, safety and convenience, any, Houtii of the Capes of Virginia, which remuin as nature made them unadorned and unimproved by the enterprise and genius of her citizens. Many oQ her principal rivers romain unna vigated except by the scaly tribes. Her fertile districts remain untnversc l by ca nals or oven good roads, and in fact, her riches, like the genius and enterprise of her citizens, still slumber undisturbed with the rubbish iu which they were created Internal Improvement alone can dev cl- one the strength, the riches and groatnessnf Georgia. Let her hut awake to her true interests, and discharge thoso servants whose ruinous policy has squandered her a 1 must countless treasures, who havo beg gared their prosperity for u littlo inomonto- ry applause, and who have sapped tho very foundation of her natural greatness* Let her but do this, and now coinmcnco a judi cious system of cunaling, and enough yet re mains to draw through her bosom tho whole commerce of the valley of Mississippi, and to place her among the most powerful and enlightened States. It is too lute for political swindlers to say that the Construction of canals is impracti cable ; that the profits arising from them are uncertain and precarious, and that the cost of their construction would cnutil bankruptcy on the State. Experience not only proves, but demonstrates tho falsity of such insinuations. New York has tested thp pr&vticabrthy and expediency of can*U* Messrs. Camak 4* Ragland—In your papei • »f the *8lli ol Jem*, I s.wv published the pre sentments of the Grand Jury of Jones county The most prominent m.mct of grievance was the wxat of i law in this state regulating the admission of persons to the practice of physic i he remarks made on that suMeet aro so con spicuously illustrative cfllic evils of ijuackcry, also the necessity of a competent tribunal to l» ot thn pretensions of those about to enter upon the I’ractioc of Medicine, and so clearly points out the method best calculated to invite the attention of our Representatives to its compli-hmc.nt, nnd believing that il is only necessary lor the community to have th minds directed to this subject to sec its impor- t ime, request that you will republish hi your next paper, the presentments so far as they relate to that subject. A Friend or Medical Science. cr find til memory of - the plains II Oa w- Presentments of the Grand Jury of Jones couu'y We the Ginnd Jury of JotTes county, I'm April Term, 1825, continuing our semens tli:ough the adjourned term ol Juno, fur tlu) same year, do make the following present UlCtllSl , i Conceiving it to fall within the province of |ii Grand Jury lo take a general survey of pub- Mic interests, and to complaju of particular evils, wo avail ourselves ol the present occa sion lo present as a grievance the want of n law in this state, regulating the admission of persons to the practice of physic. Noxt in imparlance to the^gpKorvntion of our |ibm is tin* protection ol our health and lives against the insidious find fatal frauds of lal.se pr lenders ol thn healing art. While other stale by tiin early euactiueui of suita 1 le laws, ui purging themselves of quackery and iinpu deuce and multiplying skilful pructitionei* lit thus suppressing traud, Georgia, abounding ii lenile land-!, and exposed to a Southern sun bears abroad the eburnricr of a sickly state and hitherto indifi’erent towards ail iiuportnr branch of public weal, invites to her bosom tl.e i,i >st dangerous refugee from the rounder policy ol tiie hi-ter Mates. \nd while she i<* i aleitor to nnno in the number and variety, and we may add, sound policy of her statutes, de signed to prop ct the many and nnnui rights of Imr citizens, not one elapse can lie found in ail her ponderous volumes extending enroll- raecment to genius and laborious study, or re quiring the medical adventurer to present proyfs of a just claim to confidence. It is pain ful to pcceivo ta \t while revenge is promptly and justly pu in died, fora single act of gratia- Cation agam.,t dro pcnco and dignity of the state, sen >c)ttss cupidity, wrapt in tho garb ol the medical profession, we seriously feai, slays iu thousand, wiili imptmiiy. Impressed with ihe importance of these facts, we can not refrain from recommending to our next l.cgUlatin. thn enactment of a law establishing a board of competent physicians, to examine and deter mine the pretensions f each us attempt to en ter upon the practice of physie in this st Mr ; and in order to promote so desirable an object, respectfully invite ihn Grand Jurors of olhci counties to a concurrenceiultw above recom mendation, t»» winch w’c; particularly invite tlu? attention of the members from this conn y iu said Legislature JOHN R. MOORE, Foreman. Is.uir Dauson, John Hams, Mick !r berry Ferrell, Jacob heir is. i If ti. C. Os bn Tho.nasA. IIfmjlt$n K f Independence ; may its Americans free usi friendly. By Mr A Corry—Pulaski ; tho tho gallant Folandei, who fell nea of Savannah. By Col. Win. Ezxard William ford ; dignified retirement is mure lo be ud lre«l dian disgraceJul elcvaiitai By Maj. J■ R Brooks—Gen. Andrew Jack* n ; intiiguo prnveulcd him from being Fro- lent. lie holds as respectable a rank as the Fresidcat, because lie was the choice ol tho peopK By Maj. John II*. Hooper—Union and slate rigliis ; a piop«r res|Rci by the general gov- nment tor the latter, will bo sure to secure tlse former. By Mr. Rinsom llopssn—Tho statu of G«qr- i ; uny psililical hostilitiesceaso by the vu- e of tier c'tizens. By Mr. T. F. Montgomtm—Gen. Bolivar; e Romulus of Peru, the Washi ngton of the South ; ui iv the sun of hii gloiy coulinun to inc with increased lustre. By Mr. R (I. Mayo—Ueorgo M. Troup ; may ho hold th« staff f ju-iice in hi* left hand, and always he anle to oxecu’e it with hi* right By Mr. John livid—Gen .l.ilui Clark ; may lie ride ilio swiftest poney in running the poli tic il race, distance hi3 tppunent Troup, gain the chief executive oilice of this rtite By Pvndley, I'A—George M. Troup, our presunt Governor, and candidate at th ensuing election ; may the i inznis of Georgi consider their own i teie.-tand re-elect bin By Win lowers, Esq — I lie Star-Spangled flag of America ; in »y it wave over it- hIiui o and her constitutional right in ti anquil neutrality, when the emissions of the cm are buried in midisiinguivhed ruin Bv James Hicks, Esq—8u-t« -s to Ante ca and ihe united govt-i ninent we now live i dcr; niavhe who undeitakes to Kli-tke i pillars of our Uiuou, retire fiom public view with *dnme. By Col. w. C. IPagn i- M»j. Gen. I) Ncwnaii; may t»is political enemies vvic.dv their vengeance no more o i a man who has spilt hi-< olotnl hi the defence of Ins rountiy. lit C.ipi. Thomas S Spr i e—Gen IndreW , tho Hero of tho West; may Ins name FOR THE JOURNAL. To GEORGE M. TROUP, GoffArnor of Georgia. Sin—The responsibilities of the high of fice which you till aro at all times great ; hut the peculiar circumstances by which it is at present attended ninko them a thous and times greater than nt any former period. It is aniou^ others,the peculiar duty of the Chief Magistrate of u State, to examine in to and well understand thn rights and pow ers of tlmt State, nnd then, as a faithful cen- nel, to guard them against encroachments from every quaitcr. To neglect this im- portlantduty, would he treachery tothccom- munity over whose interests you havo been culled to preside. In its discharge you havo become tho object of more censure nnd abuse than is otlcn bestowed upon public fticcra. Tho charges made against vou have been of the most aggrnvatedchaiuc- ter, amounting to crimes but little short of treason nnd a de*i:e|to disunite these states. During the period oi time iri which the cir cumstances that pave rise to these charges has transpired, I have boon a silent but close observer of your conduct, front which alone the motives by which you have been actuated are tb be discovered. Satisfied as to what your motives are, nnd equally satis fied that a crisis in tho alVairs of this state Inis arrived, nt which it is the duty of every Georgian, und ovoiy republican to express iis opinion, Ido not hosilnto to gi'o you mine, nnd say “ well done good und luith'id servant.” To say lint 1 think cvci v thing which you have done, Ins been well done, would perhaps he unenndid,nnd, I am nore than you should reasonably ex pect. But that you havo erred in those gicnt and important matters out of which the charges against you have sprung, I deny.-— Entertaining this opinion, I cannot obtain my own pardon, worn I, as u citizen of Georgia, to withhold from you the fcojd' voice of my cheering unJ approbation 1 nn not egotist enough, to believe that th applause of an obscure individual wonldt render you such essential 'aid ns to rescue you from tho odium which your cnemic arc endeavoring to heap upon you. Bull havo niirtakcn your cnararter, if you ilo not derive pleasure from tho approbation of even the humblest individual in society Such as it is. 1 tender you mine. But late ly my heart sickened at the poli.ical “pros poet before us.’’ I saw, or thought I hjiw ilio principles which I loved* prostrate nnd expiring. Its etm d to bo criminal to le* lend the u rights of the States or the pro p!c.," against federal encroachment. AH knowledge of the sovereignty ol the States tiled to he buried in the graves ol those who once so victoriously defended it- la u I behold the last champion of tb* cause and thus fir, most nobly have you borne yourself. But, sir, he lint unprepared for a disastrous issue to ull your txcilions. Like, the last of the* Maccnbcos, you too may fall a victim of the treachery and the power tho Federal Antiochus. lie fell while chi* d with the tliv*»r and supported by tho nl litiuco of the Romans. You scour to be left alone to strive against the bos'* of the Federal Government Evcn the tnits oi the iBiciontdominion” refu-et»lift their v in your favor It should lh«rel*»io excite no wonder if you are overthrown in th« ci most. Yet he not disheartened. From the field of your defeat uray be culled the flowers to decorate the columns which p»s terity may erect more firmly to sustain t violated constitution. Do not fear, but that there will appear some fearless spirits, who animated by a portion of your zeal, will rally atouudtlie standa/d of the principh of which you are now almost & solitary dci fender, nnd tiiuiapharuly snjitch from tli smouldering riiinsofthctcmple in which wn wont to he preserved, the great Palladium of our rights, and at some more auspicious period, ugain display it to bless nnd protect our descendants. In the measures which you have adopted you havo been called a M mnd man ' II I properly appreciate your principles, it is my prayer t hat the Lord may continue your do iiriutir!! But, sir, this is not the first occn ior. upon which tho advocate of tho truth has been called n mad man. Win n the pro. Apostle of the Gentiles was arraigned by the Jews before Test us and Agrippn, and there boldly declared the truth as manifest d by the incarnation of the Son ol God it was said to him—-“Paul thou art beside thyself.” Sir, his answer is nil tlmt a similar barge against you requires. Say to such I am not mad hut speak forth the words of truth and soherneii." But I beg your pardon fi»r the length which I have extended my letter. Permit me at once to express tho truo object writing it. Tho following essay contains tny crude opinions on tho present stuto of the political ufiairs of Georgia, and of the measures you have adopted in relation to them. Permit mo to dedicate it to vou — I am by no muuns sure that it will add any thing to your fume lo grant my request, y I hope you will find in it nothing at war with opinions which you have with much more force mid elegance expressed on the same topics. with the provisions of the treaty, for its ear ly occupation and settlement after the time limited for tho removal oAlie Indians, & con ceiving it utterly impossible that any injury could result to the Indians or to tho United States from merely surveying tho lands, preparatory to muking disposition of it among the citizens of the State, especially if such survey should he made with the consent of the Indians, the Governor, by a direct application to the Indians who made the treat?, obtained their consent for mak ing it. The Legislature was convened, and that body concurring with the Governor's views as to the propriety of the measure, passed an act authorising him to have tho aurvoy made. In the mean time many im portant events had occurred in tho nation— “ In tosh nnd hia friends had been inurdcr- hy the party ip opposition to the treaty, crtlie most solemn assurances that no lolence was intended against them. The pcciul Agent dispatched b» the U. Btntcu • investigate the conduct of tliu Indian gent, Col. Crowell, lutd urrived, and shown by his conduct, that lie desired more to thwart the views of the government of Geor gia. than to examine the truthof the i barges n jaiust Crowell. General Gaines also ar rived and established his head-quarters up on tho Indian frontiers ; and the observer of his conduct must he blind indeed, if ho has not seen his determination to oppose o weight of his influence and his official character, to the execution of the measures adopted by tho Governor and Legislature of * o State. Refusing to punish tho nmr- rers of that man, whose devotion to the interests of the United States lias been nv nifosted on the field of battle, und in the ouncils of his countrymen, to be as strong us that of Gen Gninesdiimsolf; refusing to au.-tu flic restoration of the property of Inch the friends nnd descendants of this Derated Chief liuvo born robbed und •hindered, and using every exertion to do le und haul these helpless creatures within w grasp of hands yet recking with the lood of thoir«fullicr und friends, under th xpociaus garb of peace and reconciliation undnmdoncd t'ouutred and revenge hy tlioir refusal to throw themselves in danger’s mouth at hit request, the Genoi.il throws off |ull reserve—boldly avows himself the friend ml protector of the enemies of McIntosh, ml the opposera of the troutv-*>attacka the rcaty itself, as tho work of intrigue and treachery—denounces the Cotumissionora who made it, insults tho constituted autho rity of our Stule, and bucked hy a regular “urcoof KXH) soldiers, threatens vengeance poii those who ahull dure to do their du tv hy executing the laws of Gcoigin. In this course of threatened violence nnd open contempt of tho laws, tho interests nnd the rights uf Georgia, it now nppouts he is sup- mricd by tho Executive Dcpaitmcnt of the Pederu 1 Government Recently the order f the Frosidont, through tho Secretary of War, has been receivod, directing resistance ofthe survey, and tho arrest of the surveyors by the miliiuiy forge under the command of this insulting olih er, who has shown him self to lie a political partisan of no oi dinary qualifications. Such is the present state of ufiuirs. If there he a mail in this State whose bosom does not swell with indigna lion alibis utter humiliation of his country he doserveu not the name of Georgian l VOLUMfe XVI.—NO. 48 i i Jtm SOCRATES. r .In liy Mr. E'li-ird Mutlatlj- .ink nnd slimmer, uml |ml.miii M-n p :i imu :n til, Hy Mr. IfUlhm mil patriotic. »uu nay l»% heal from Mr. J. V. c lie wise j»ute»iiiau Mun i-—Onr enlightened xiiiiii, t c. John (’ink; |IJ00 votes iirtlie elenimi. erg*—Georg* M. Troup ; , liio ft lend ot G(.or,;i i ami oppi Clifton, Esq—May the fr m on as long as water nil and By Gn of sulTrage ijra^s grows. By M.ijor James Harris—Gen. John Clark; that true and gie.it rrpuMicun ; it lie haslmi ii iirgU-vteil in >•"• i eg ii la r lousu to-day, may he not he neglected at uui gcii- ial clci tiou foi Uovernel', and nmy he beat Troup double as tar as he tier has done. By Mr Ulysses M ^ C. Montgomery—-The , .resent Governor ol'Georgia : wise and iude- leiidcnl in his udniinistreti »n ; may lie he con tinued hi otiico hy the suflrages ot a free peo* pit*. _ By William Carry, Esq.—Geo. M. Troup; a disiinguisueU republican i'l the state l.cgir fa- aie, in C iugress, and in the Executive ciiau if Georgia. By Mr- Charles Murphey—Cotmnodore Stc- | ,li«-n Decatur, the nero ol the waters; ui.iy us brilliant acuievcments teach our naval he rpes never lo give up the slop. 4 • ly ihomuA Ulus, Esq—Gen. Fr®. ci 1 arion, the husuiehero aga:n*t the touts du- mu* the rvvolotioaary struggle t ni >y his name never bs lorioUen. TO THE PEOPLE OF GEORGIA. To every lover of tho State of Georgia tho present crisis in its political coiiecrns, must appear pregnunt with events ofthe greatest interest to its growth) prosperity and political rights. Two messages of tli Governor to the General Assembly of this 8tate at its lute extra sessio®, with their ac companying docuinants, and the act prodi cated upon them, hove led to discussions both in nnd out of the state, upon two ques tions of momentous consequence, each in volving an iuvofttigntion of the rights, not only of the State, considered us a political community, hut of the people of that Stuto in tin ir individual and separate chavnctu One relates lo the sovereignty of Goorj_ the soil within her limits : and tho other to that portion of Iter population known Shins It is proposed to investigate both of these grout questions in tho order which they are retorted to. It is mentioned only ns being neoewary to tin; better elucidation of iny opinion#, that all know tli:4 by a late treaty, conclud cd iu February hist, at the Indian Sprin the United Stub s have extinguished the Creek Indian title to all tho lands occupied by that nation within tho limits of this Stale By onjs article of the treaty, the “ United ritates stipulate for the protection of the Indians” tuus occupying the cedod territo ry, “ against the eiicroacliinonta, hostilities k*j’ud impositions ot ihovvliitvs utidall othe "until tlie pqriod of their removal, which “ shall i.ot extend beyond llto first duy September, 1820 ” \ Against the provisions of this utticlc, not v^ithstunding the !“iigtli ofthe period allow ed the Indiums lor thcii removal, not word of complaint hu® been uttered by tie constitut'd authorities of this State ; nor bus the slightest manifestation of u deter #mination to occupy the country before the stipulated time appealed lioin any quarter Under h Kpuvictio®, however, that tho in terests of the State would bo advanced hy making every arrangement, con* , * , .» , i It is believed that Gov. Trnjip persevere in his opinion ofthe propriety ot surveying tltq territory, tho threats of Gen. Gaines find denunciations of tho Federal Govern ertli’mqV io the contrary notwithstanding Is ho right in this opinion ? Do the people of Georgia approbate his determination lo xecute the law emitted hy tlic-ir re proven ntivea? These are important questions, and deserve to be examined with dchborn tion nnd firmness. If* the Governor!# right and his conduct approved, then should lie persevere in the discharge of his duty. If unt, then should he suspend his operations for without tho aid, consent ami approba tion of the people of file Slate, his exer tions would he futile, uml only t. i.d to load him with a greater weight of odium with out promoting the interests of tho State.— In snort, without the co-operation of the people of the ^tale, he caw do nothing. 1 have more than once insinuated that in this question the sovereign rights of the State over tho soil within its limits are in- olvad. But wliot is inoont hy such sove reign rights ? Whence derived and what are they now ? In answering tlicsn important questions. I shall necessarily he compelled to carry my reader Imck to the colonization of Georgia 1 might appeal to what is known and ad mitted flirt, and say that the example of n the civilized nations of the world, ha® shew that on tho discovery ofthe continent America, (most of it possessed hy wander ing tubes of barbarous and savage Indians who were strangers to nil civilization) the discoverers asserted nnd oxerciscd the right of occup} ing such parts as each discovered und therein establishing their supreme com mand over it, asserting their claim as well to domain, (“ by virtue of which the nation alone mny use this country for the supply of its necessities, may dispose of it as if th.aks proqicr, and derive from it every ad vantage it is cupahlo of yielding,” us u empire, “ or tho right of sovereign coin mand by which the nation directs and regu lates at its pleasure every thing that passes in the country.'’*) In this way Spain, Por tugal, France, Holland, England, und every other civilized country, obtained sovereign ty over the portions of this country disco vered hy each. Should it be said that these laiins wore more of force than of mere right, the Hale of thn question will not be altered. Sovereignly acquired hy force, when udmilted by all others, becomes right. Il is undoubtedly true, that the wholo con tinent has thus been claimed^ and tho na tions of the earth have admitted each to the oilier the rightfulness of these claims. Nor has the unsettled habitation in hijcTi coun tries of the wandering and savage natives, ever been considered by tlio.se civilized na tions by wliu£o example, concessions and compact,the laws ofuations have been fixed, os constituting any objection to Thu sove reign power thus acquired by them several ly in tlie new world. The people of Eu rope, too closely pent up at home, und find ing land of which the savages stood iu no particular need, and of which they made no actual and constant use, mere lawfully entitled to take possession of it und settle it with colonios t it is for Uio intoreft < f mankind that it should hu so. The earth was intended for their benefit, and was de signed tor their subsistence and coinfort.— To rescue Lite lauds from a state of wild ness, and by (xiltivation to cause it Ao con tribute more extensively to the subsistence and comfort of the greatest number, is a policy established hy civilized nations, as equally philanthropic and juaL It is equal ly in conformity with the example ot na tions, and the opinions of the um.si cele brated writers. To tho opinion®ofthe wri ters on national law, I subjoin that of one of our own politicians, who has tor a long hue figured us a conspicuous individual iu tfo; I mlcd States, and for whom too** • \ .ltd, book 1, c. 18. * VUM # Ih-O . t f O. UJ. who ar« now warring ngainit tho right* of 1 Georgia |>rofc»» to entertain the greno^t love, reverence ond reepei t. I ellmln to Mr. Monroe, lute President of the United States. In his first message to Congress, in Doc. 1817, he thin expremea hinweff: “ If’ (the hunter stRte of the American abori- ginen) “ yields to the more ilnntc nnd com part form, end greater force of civllierd po- Milanon ; and of right it might to yield , or tho earth wee given to mankind to nuu- port the groster number of which il in ru. pnble, and no tribe or people ImCe a right I.) withhold-from the Wnnln of other* more than ia noct-ssary for tlioir own support und comfort.” 7 It was under principles of policy end jlit thus explained, that Great Britain, of those who preeeeded her in discovery, have 'lid claim to, .inserted nnd maintained lov reignty over the whole Eastern coast of Northern America It is a claim which till the ircoplc of tiro Vnitod Slates most udmit, ot else all nre lawless and unjust in* truders. Dm to confhe myself to the ques tion Immediately before me, it Was iiudef these priueipltu tlmt Urcat Britain occupied and colonised the province of Georgia, whoso limits wern defined, anterior to ilia revolutionary war, to extend from the At* lantic cnttst, (stretching front Savannah to " St. Mary's) lo tiro Minsiisiupj, and from tho thirty first to the thirty Cfi|, dygroe of North latitude.* As a tnoniieataltnn of the sover eignty thus claimed and oxercised jn Goor gia hy Grout Britain, tliu wholo province within the boundaries mentioned, was form ed into n iirorincinl gorernment. By tho prorhnnutiou oi lrbd,t the right of dontttia rid empire arc assorted over tlio lands oc- upied by tiio Indians, sovereignty is ex* irossly claimed and contains portions of it 'reserred” fir their use. The Indians themselves nre declared to bo nndnr “thn protection of Groat Britain, and the laid reserved” for tlioir use, is said to ho re- -rved under the “ surereignty. protection nd dominion" of that government. Tho ower to grant tlio lands thus occupied by the Indians is assorted, while at tho Sumo time the provinc ial government therein os. tahiislicd, are forbid to oxorciso tiiis power- within the limits thus reserved for the me of tho Indians. It this view of tho sovereign- anil dominion of tiroat Britain over the cn province of Georgia, be correct, (and whether it is or not, every man may satisfy himself by history, hy examining the most approved writers on national law, and tliu proclamation referred to,) a question hero presents itself of great moment in tho en quiry wc are making. Had the King of Great llrit nn stopped short in his procla mation at die point of the assertion of do minion nnd sovereignty over the soil of Geor gia within -.ho dc tint'd limits ofthe prov ince. Had Iro made no reservation of lands fir “ the uae” of the Indians” had ho in serted no proliihi i .i.s f,r surveying, and gr iming io individuals, tho lands within those limits, whether occupied by tiio Indian* or not, and had the provincial government, restrained hy no sucli prohibition, under tho general powers conferred on them by ilio sovereign power of Great Britain, proceed ed to survey and gram, tho Inn Js (although occupied by tho Indians) to individuals, would not sucli surveys and grama have boon legal, and would they not havo trans ferred to the grantee a fill mid complete ti- llo to the lands ? There can lie no doubt butthoy would. It was the prohibition to survey and grant at all, the lands reserved for the Indians, that would cause the survey and grants to ho void. Iloinovo the prohib ition nnd there was nothing to obstruct tiio surveying and granting. The occupation of llm land by tho Indians was prrntitsirr. Absolute right tn the soil, they had none. The sovereignty ofthe government ofGrunt Britain over it was complete; and in ilio ex- orciso of such sovereignty, It could bo re- •trained only hy its own discretion, and views of policy. It was a discretionary matter, and to he regulated by it. bsiivueial or injurious effects in tho judgment of tho supreme power, whether any lends should be reserved for tho Indians, or if reserved In wliat extent and under wlint circumstan ces. It wits discretionary whether the lands should ho stii v eyed or not, nnd lo lie deter mined according to tho good or ovil likely to follow from tlie measure Ifit was deem ed best for the peace, good order, and sec i- rity of tho people of the province, and the supreme government, that the lands oceu. piod by the Indians should not be surveyed, then it was proper to prohibit it. On tho contrary, if the same ends could have bee. better nnswored by surveying and granting the whole territory, tbonttwoul i have been proper to survey and grant it. Whether Wn the one or tho other should be done, win - not a question of right or poucr to sur- • vey and grant, hut a mere question of polity. . But this question will be more clcasty de termined by another view of it. If Great Britain hail no sovtreignty over tho soil a2 cupird by the Indians, if it had no right .? domain or empire over the country, and consequently could aeithcr snrimy or grant the lands in separate) tracts or pOLels, vvby insert prohibitions against Ha survey in tho instruments by w liicl the provincial govern ments were cstablielwd } Surely for rto other reason, than that without such prohibition, the power could have been legitimately ex ercised. One other argument however/ places tbs question beyond doubt. If the government of Grcut Britain did not possess full and complete sovereignty over tlie territory nnd soil of the province of Georgia, who did ? It the Indians did, then why treat with oth er nations concerning it*boundaries ? Why was it lint object of treaty and cession be tween the powers of Europe, compacts to which tho Indians were in no wise party nr privy ? Did any portion *f sovereignty Us tu domain or empire, rest ia the Indians, all such treaties, cessions and compaigs wore void, futile, nay worse tlum foolish. Besides dnl the sovereignty rest in theTfnliaiis, not withstanding all such ireaiies, they would have bean at liberty to cede all or any pnrt of tiio territory tn any person nr nation to whom they pleased Bat what man or nit- lion ever admitted such a power in them > And bud they attempted tn exert it, tho attempt would have beau icswteJ and pun ished. r From tiiis view of tho question, the eon- elusion is irresistible that the sovereignty, both as respects domain und empire of Great Britain over tho s<ul and territory of the province uf Georeia was complete, and so remained uutil tho Kevolutionaiy war Goes it require argument to prove that by that revolution,sovereignty us owned, claim ed and excicisnd by Great Britain, passed to llm people ; tu)e, tho |chile people too) of Georgia, iu the full extent in which it was liuld by the former sovereign ? If one is required, it IS furnished iu the declaration of iiidepundeiico, and Ilio treaty wills that government concluded on thedUtlt Novem ber, 178-.!. By the tirst ofihc-xo instruments, Georgia in confcdoruliun with twelve oth er slates, (formerly provinces,) declared it self to be a “ IVt* Amdi pendent slste,' sb- * rive Cumuli.-.-, ui to Oov Wright— Craw- f -i .l s Idgest. p 07 i. t 1 Ciurv. log *u7.