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» . * m-> , 4 »<Ml» - ’"• f1
t« *oinc:imrs \\ it?i '»<• v* rmn^nisv n« with »n-
divwbnU, Hi** w Imp with h pnrsiino-
T»ioiis hnn«\ charitable donation? nt the
pn, n » It! tfu»v urn foil ml spending their
\vn.» ’li in feeding p.impprod officer*, and in
nxtr i vriifiint and visionary srhemca of m*
tprn.ii improvement \V »• not iinfrcquently
wituo-.* «he purse-proud, nnstocr.il i«\ opu
lent Tinner who him no recommendation
1*11. his vc.i’th nor no God hut hi* riches,
wit It f. • Imps ms grrs* as tlm swine, with dis-
p »< ion* us mtmirlv, ns avaricious and :i«
groveling as the devil rail give Inm,
K,» dv and willing to gratify hi* indolent
luvirv and make a display of in* riches in
fine c.irriaces, fine Imises, finv furn lure,
fine wines, tine dishes, pind line equipage
nf • very kind While they would with
haughty indignation, kick the mendicant
from their doors, and with rold indifference
see h' maniac die on a dunghill, before
tie v '* ul I a dollar perhaps, a farthing con*
tribute to In* relief. 1 think it is some wliuie
said by the Poet,
“ tie li *1 only has a morsel
Of a morsel gives ”
I do not know ilint those are the precise
w..rds as I only quoto from memory. I
thinU it is "cry true in substance, mid will
npplv to Governments ns well an individu
al*. Perhaps 1 may lake occasion to say
smoothing more on this subject heh.re. long.
Wi’h regard to the mlore, locality, and cu*t
of such an institution, Ac. 1 have no oilier
object in writing hut to r-uso a voice in the
cause of humanity.
OGLETHORPE.
v«i Ljnnai.
CREEK TREATY.
Agreeably to previous notice f .r tlm
purpose, the ci'izcn* of O jlntliorj e » mntv,
in number three hundred or more, convan-
e l at ihe court house on Thursday, the
Afftli lulto express thmr opinion relative
l > Ilia Crook Treaties The meeting was
organised by calling John Town.und. E«q
: i the Chair, and np"oin!>og John Horde-
m ,w,E-q to olDciate as S« cictniy When
t'ui fdlowing preamblo ami resolutions
wot a s it* .ituid t.y Col J Henry Lumpkin,
and after some debate in which Col. A
T'i mini ooposod, and Col J ll.mry Lumt>
iti i in !ns ! xiuent *tilc, supported the
manifesto btumy. It wus agreed to wit!,
but one voice only audibly dissenting.
To assert that tin* people i their sove
reign cap icitv have u right to assemble) and
remonstrate against measures deeply nnd
vitally affecting ti»«ir righ's, would Im to
call iu question n principle, which ought
noi to admit of doubt.
Wlide therefore we hear meetings simi
lar to ill's, censured hy some ns infltinmu-
tory and hy others as treasonable, it is con
soling to reflect, that even in Brirain where
genuine freedom p.J coiislitution.il liberty
are hut voguel iud Mtuod, to rmnpl. in of
grievances and to pr Rest against the abuses
4,1* their political system, ale enumerated
am mg t ire subordinate rights, appertainin'
to every citizen Nor have, we known any
despotism save that of Russia, under n for-
mar Cur. wln rfl tho subject dure not pre
sent his t ompl tint, lest being found wrong,
he incur the penally of death
In witnessing the misgivings of our fid
low citizens, at a crisis when wo verily bo-
]!«», o the rights re serv' d ronpi c.ti\Vy to tbn
States io I to the people are wantonly in
fringe l bv the encroiiclunents of the Fedor-
nl t} »V’Mn nont, our recillc- lions naturally
tr i** l back t'» thut dark day of the R \.ub-
hc, when the immorable report of Mr Ma
th u n to the Legislature of Virginia was
pronounced hv in.my of the States to be
“a ary nojusbJiubU interference with
the (J rnr rat tlinrrninent, unwarrantable
and of dangerous ttml-nri,” while those
8;uni) Stales explicitly declared the alien
andaedih m acts “ not o:i ■/ constitutional,
but expedient and nccessuiy " li lt we are
told the friends of tho constitution did not
despa r, they rallied together aroun I the
cause of the.r coutiti y and the Republic was,
• i*ed If we are firm ami united, may we
riot hope for similar sue.css to crown our
present resistance.
H iving premised thus much, we will pro
ceed to express our opinion with regard to
the late treaties made with the Greek na
tion >f Indians An 1 we outer upon tins
subject not without hesitation. To dcelarc
solemnly a Treaty void, tin* supremacy of
which, when properly ratified, all acknowl
edge, ought never to he dune ill a doubtful
i jso. vVucuwe acquiesce thou iu the nc
t*essiiv o' pronouncing that tho Tt undent
mil Soiiate transcended their powers in
concluding and rat fyiu rii'* Tienly at Wash*
jnctoii during the late session of Congress,
ami that consequently tlnor i t is repugnant
to tlm constitution, inoperative and ought to
tie disregarded, we find a icnng « oiivic*
lion that our decision is based in equity, do-
dnciblo from the dearest reusoning and not
from vague conjecture.
And whilo wo would disclaim entertain
ing any unreasonable jealousy toward the
Federal Government, or a disposition to re
cur to measures of extremity upon trivial
protex's, we cannot hut consider tins act
ns violator)’ of our just lights and dmtruc-
ti\ n of that linrmony which should ever per-
tnde the American Uni hi.
This meeting would repel indignantly
any imputation nl want of revorenco for
our constitution m the title character m
which it issued from the s«iverdgoautliorilv
oftlie jvyuple, calculated n * it is to promote the
happiness, prosperity and s.ileiv of these
United Slat. s. and to maintain that union
of tin* sever.d .States, so essential to the
welfare of tho whole. We fuel it uuneccs-
nary to uvn our perfect willingness to de
fend and support it with our lives against
every aggression. And ri the rhbHiaigo
cf this saerud duty, a* we would cherish
the Under il Adimnis'r ition in tho exercise
of all just an I legitimate powers, so wo
hop * best to evidence ourattachinont to our
V'jmmou country hi t iking all necessary
and proper means to denounce every “de
liberate, pulpahle, and dangerous broach"
i f tho Constitution and of the rights reser
ve I respectively to the States or to the pro
p'r.
In this spirit wo feel ourselves constrain
ed t» nrotiotince tho .Yetc Treaty a flagrant
tiud f.-.tal usurpation of power, subversive
of Uie authority, rights, and liberty of Geor
gia.
Forth* hast twelve months our Stato has
approached the Federal Govcniiuont in va
rious shapes, demanding redress for the mul
tiplied wrongs and insults which have been
heaped upon her. Our repeated expostula
tions and entreaties have boon answered
only by repeated injuries and neglect. Our
rights of sovereignty, of territory, of juris
diction and of ill** elective franchise have
been infracted. Tho independence, char
a ter. and dignity of tin* constituted author
ities employed in the management id’ our
public a dims, aspersed and flagrantly tiuiu-
plci upon. Hut to remain supine and in-
unlive under this last exercise of power
w .ul J be criminal forbearance.
JStiall we he told that this is a case to
tvhtch the judicial power of the U. States
expressly extends and tint ills indispensa
ble t > tho pcice happiness uwd preservation
of the Union, that we repose confidence hi
this tribunal ? Tv* this reference we replv,
for reason* the must obvious, we might vuiy
properly demur. D.it the answer which
we submit to the justice of an enlightened
public it—how is tins instance of usurped
p over as we allcdge, ever to he drawn
within the control of the judiciary depart
ment unless wo proceed to executo the act
(ol June ldU5) directing the Indian territory
|o to be surveyed and disposed of under ih
0»d Treaty ? Or ahull we be told that the
Treaty of the Mineral Spnngs was pro. ur-
« I b) uribery and corruption and is t|.*ro-
fiyrs void/ Wo cotiUnd t.mt upon the
plainest construction of common sense nnd
«»f common law tint a contract in which a
third person is interested, can never he set
aside, although procured hy fraud and im
position Nay, wc go further and hold
upon tbn authority of the Supremo Court
of the United States, that even a judgment,'
although obtained hy fraud, has never been
considered as void, and tint all acts per
formed under it arc valid so far us concerns
thud persons
We will not atop here to inquire into the
• out; otenej of tho m i.uI rs who signed the
Old Treaty,nr whethrr tlm Uovveta town
.being the oldest iu tie* o :iion nnd unco the
«ole proprietors of the country lud an ab
solute amhorify In tho custom of the Na
tion to dispose of nl! the lar d ? < )r whether
each town retaining its original rights with
regard to territory, having never sum nder-
ud them to the National Council, had toll
authority tosell its own domain ? Orvvhoth-
erthn upper towns had forfeited their rights
if they ever had an v. hv llie.ir tren-on during
the war, which drew upon t 1 "* n iti n tin*
cession or surrender of lie ir lands at Fort
Jackson ' Or whether Rig Warrior or
llopothl" Yoholn or anv other Chief of th<
upper (V< ok nationsignedthoTreaty oflft21
tlm valtdir v of which has never been ques
lioried. lint wo will respectfully nsk oiii
the Supremo Court, could Congress scruti
nize tho motives which actuated the parties
to tlm t >ld Treaty in m thing it or tlm Pre
sident and .Senate in ratifving it ? Has the
Constitution of tlin Uuited St ates provided
that the President shall have power hv an !
with tlm advice and consent of tlm Scu
ttle Co make treaties, provided two t u ird* of
the H mntor* present concur ? And is tin*
Old Tienty ' Inflied wi'.li all tin? requisite
forms of a Treaty 3 Was there f mud but
four .Senators, not .vitlmt mding the a-d'ort-of
the Ageti', Cail. Cinivell. vvlio was personal
lv^ present, t ^ d» feat it, who objected toil*
ratifli'iiiinn > If .as it been published an I
|aroa!iii(nnd lay the Executive to ha* the su
preme l.ivv of the land and all permais ruin*
naaidc j hv him to r -ape't it as Hindi ? I lave
the Legisl torr oftiaaorgm, llmparty inter' -a
ted, bean convened, and have they passed n
eonstitiilionnl law, thereby vesting absolute
rights under this Treaty ? Then vva* pr»)
nouncc, fe irb ss of hagai or equitable con
tradiction, that no power can repeal that
law or supercede it do facto hy a new con-
tract or Tri’aty Tb it those rigli s ennnot
Sc divestod without our consent, that the
Siaprenu* (Jourt would he hound to hiih-
1 tin them, nnd that it is too late for the
F« d r.il (iMvernmcnt to pronounce it* a>v n
deed i vnbd ! Wo the parties now hp.f »re
tlm country nrn innocent of fraud, if anv
Inibenn pra liced We are in the strong-
est sens' 1 , bona fidr piirrlnsers far a most
mlnable consideration, without notice of
fraud. \\ e therefore ennnot bn aft’ ted hy
at, nor do vve conceive that it is u matt' i ex-
a.iuimlda' into lay any court
Ihir tho President inl*>niicd Congress in
his iri' HMgo accompanying tho New Trea
ty, that it as imaaiaterial now as fo tliocom-
potency <d the signaars to treat, or the means
used to procure their consent, the first Trea
ty could not hn earr ed into effort but hv
h*rce, anal the question for thorn was t"
elioseh. t vecn thut alternative and tho Trea
ty t hole with communicated. This j ust •
eadion of the Executivo wo hold to he tin-
caiulid. Did In* not hold in terror over t♦•••
friends of the first Treiaty, a mass of testi-
fii »ny elicited from the most corrupt, par-
tial, nnd infifiious sourccH. threatening tlin
destruction of the first if they lcjnciod
the last Proaty. Evidnncc too,ei parte t up-
°u " hi»*|i ilia characters of the Commission
ers mid tho rights of thaa Stato were to he
Micrificed But admit tho force of tho os
tensible argument employed lay tho Presi
dent. .Shall vvo ho pardoned the indecorum
of exclaiming solemn mockery ! What, a
low wandering savages chastised for their
repeated offences, into the most submissive
ohedinneo, resist the will of the Federal
Government ? in the hi oath of whose nos
trilsthey alepend lor subsistence nnd pro
teutioii, which designates their territorial
boundaries with the un*a!ieailmd sword, and
oints ilium to n Wilderness on the most
Vesltrn waters, and they march Thry
hart tube current into a compliance with
their contract f Is there one in ‘.his assem
bly who seriously believes it? And yet
suppose it wore true, shall hii armed fine
be quartered in a>ur Stair to prevent the ex-
eaunion ralha r than to compel the fulfilun nt
ol the Old Treaty ? Is the peace ol tin*
merciless Check, whose hands arc vet reek
ing with tho innocent blood of defence!** •*
woman mid children to he preferred to the
nmity aml constitutional rights of a mem
ber of the Union ? True, vva arc humbled
midor our misfortunes, hut callous must he
that sensibility which dues not writhe
beneath nil indignity like this Under this
view of tho subject we nro of the opinion—
l-d That the fee simple title to the aoi|
which Georgia p .sscsses, gives her juris
diction over all the territory within her lim
it* That her sovereignty, together with
that of the several States, was not only the
pnnciplo of the revolution, but secured by
ilia Declaration of Independence. Th:»?
these prerogatives have never been parted
with, either in tlm articles of confederation,
tin* Fieaty of peace in 1782. or in tlm Con
stitution. Hut on the contrary, the claims
ol the particular States iii this respect were
saved by the dd suction of the -Sth article
ol'thut compart. That nil the public nets
ol the General Government since the adop
tion ol the new constitution, from tlm in-
simction-. to her Uoumiissi. ners in 17!fi>tu
settle the boundaries with Spain down to
tie* cession hy Georgia in 1802 recognize
these rights to bo in the State; that nl-
tli nigh by that cession tho power to extin
guish tlm possessory title of tlm Indians
was vested in Congress, they acting as our
agents lor tins purpose, still our original
and paramount right to do likewise it, not
thereby alienated ; that the period lias now
arrived, when hi the opinion of this meet
ing, tlm subject is no longer to be governed
hy motives ol convenience or expediency,
but it lias assumed the more substantial
shape of a positive right; that t«> have our
*!*»« weight and necessary influence in tlm
1 ederal councils, our settlements und pop
ulation should be immediately extended to
4»ur ultimate boundary, and ull the torrit >ry
withio out limits orjaui/.ud ; that our plans
»»i government and internal improvement;
may become fixed and permanent. That
we therefore recommend to the good puo-
pie of this State, through their public func
tionaries, to adopt all proper and neces
sary measures to fulfil their desirt s iu this
behalf, provided the execution of tlie agree
u ent of 1802 is further delayed and our
growth crippled by the bad faith of the
Federal Government.
2nd. TiiutlhcOM Treaty communicated
to tlm Government in the faith of ns Com
missioners and duly ratified, the only a t
ne< canary to its Consummation, no similar
solemnity being ewr usod hy the Indian*In*
become the supremo law of the laud , that
if liable to bo renewed nt all, it could not
be abrogated on ri paitt testimony ; that
the provisions of this Tn aty being*accep
tod by Georgia, her title mid possession
were so strongly vested and absolutely con
tinued, that without In r eousent, sho could
not be prejudiced bv any Niibsequent nego
tiation, and that w»* conceive consequently
the Jaiceoutr i»*t made at Washington,annul
ling the riglrif.il legislation of tins State, un
constitutional ; that wo will aid and abet the
Executive in taking all legal and proper mea
sures tu prevent the interest resulting from
the Old Treaty from being defeated ; that
we not only iii ist on its validity, but w ill
acknowledge the legality of no act which
tends l«> impugn it
dd That the Administration was bound
if need so required to carry the Old Treaty
into effect by force, against a tribe of sava
ges. who litt’ve justly forfeited their lands ns
tho price of their defection in two wars,
vviioro hostility to ti e. vvihe? rr: * e l
o • y with their ability to li.iuum them,
• ri I *• irliosr known rate of wurfai m . has
b r r n an undistinguished dost ruction of all
a rr.i, sires, and conditions” and in f vor
of a State which claims to be one of the ()td
Thirteen and whoso arm has oflen been
made hare in defence of the general wel
fare.
Ordr T nf That our proceedings he rignnd
hv tho Chairm in and Hecretury and pub
lished in the Georgia Journal und Columbi
an Uentinel.
JOHN TOWNSEND, Ch n.
Jo it.a II vim y vi a a, See’y,
MORGAN COUNTY MEETING
On Friday the 2Dt inst. a large number
of the citizens of Mi *rgan fountv mv'H'MM
hied ill the court li )U<c in Madison, agr* »*•
able to picvimj.s notice, for tho purpose of
taking into musider.itnm. nnd oxpresmng
their opinion up .u the ()!d and N« w Trea
ties. .Vathanirl .till it F.*q. was . allsd to
tho Chair, and C d /«q Isotiard appointed
Secretary. Thu object of tin? meeting was
concisely announced hy the Chairman,
when tho preamble and resolutions adopted
hy tho Cominitt. o, were read hv Eugenius
\ Nishot, Esq.ncrompaniefl hy remarks ex-
e'.anotary of tlm several re dut'cmH.—
.1 dm II Walker, Esq. then moved that the
moating disperse without adopting nov re
solutions whatever, accompanied with re
marks in support .,f Ins motion Loci i* \.
W iflieh. Adam 1*. SafTold, an ! We.tklv .1
Peannafi, E*q?. severally nddressr.d tlm
Chair in opposition to M r . Walker’s motion,
and in support of those of the Committee,
and the question Icing put, it ,vn* derided
hi the w"gntivo hy a large majority. M**.
Walker then MibimHed the preamble nnd
rcHolutinns below, ns a Mibstituto for those
adop'ed bv tli** (’oonni:i r. nnd aceo , np , i
riied them bv remarks explanatory of tfieir
ohjoct If was then m vnd, that every
person composing the meeting sign his
'lame to the preamble and resolution*
wlii' li lie preferred After the signature*
had all li**eu received, the Cha r announced
• he number to ear• li, when it appeared that
there vveic tn favor - f the rnnot"li »ih &.• . of
be Committee 2 7.),for Mr. Walker's resofii-
• ions, Ac, 31.
Preamble, and Resolutions adopted Inj thr
Committer.
There is no trrt in the rhar.iefer of the
Government of tho United States, arhirti
ho strikingly di«<iniruislu s it from all oth
ers, ns tin* right iu the people to rensure or
ipplaud the lueasuri'H of the.r ulers We
who have known this privilege w.ll not
tninely relinqnoh the rxerrise < f it, nnd
’hose who know it not, nro incapable of
• ppre.-iating it-* value. It is engrafte.d op
on tlm Constitution of ttys Union, and bits-'
ed upon the clearest and blondest lichts of
mason. Tlm peopln have « right to speak
and they speak hut to lie nhcvprl. And
' hen nil olliei menus fail in staying tfie
•land of unconstitutional power, the migh
ty energies of popular sentiment may hn
brought to hour upon tho rekSess usurper of
*:•* '•onntiy’s rights
Mudoratiou in tho exercise nf everv ptivi-
lege is essential t«» its preservation, and Hig-
nilvnlioiild mark the remonstrances of nu
inj ned eominui.ilv. Hut vvlien wrongs
grow frequent and iujuriesoppressive, wlmn
constitutional hartiers are wantonly over
leaped hy tho powers that he, and when
past experience nnd fiitiue results are wil
fully disregarded in the Administration of
the Government, the ton** of remonstrance
should rise to the pitch of decided dissent
and unqualified disapprobation. When the
existence of this Union depends so much
upon the sovereignty of the .States and the
rights of their citizens are leit in their own
keeping, independence and energy should
c!inracteri«e their every movement. Georgia
as a member of the confederacy, has re
ceived but meagre justice from the General
Government, and tho Constitution lias
been flagrantly violated in the infliction ol
her injuries; always foremost in contribu
ting lu*r mile towards tho support of our
common country, in timed of peril, she had
a ri: lit to cxpoc i nltontion nt least when she
claimed her just dues; she looked to the
General Government for that courtesy
which should accompany intercourse be-
I Ween equals, and not the contemptuous
bearing of a superior towards iinportent
dependants. Long sineo and oflen lias her
v•ueii been raised lo asser* her rights and
ask rodress of grievances and her respeet-
Pul solic itations have, us qften be n passed
hy with cold hot lofty nrclcef. llei peti
tions have been I rid with dignified respect
U the “ foot of the thiorio,” and have
boon spurned with imp. ri d insolence —
M.'i constitutional rights have been wrested
Iron) her hy fraud and bad faith, and when
her Executivo in the dignity of freedom
and with the devotion of martyrdom, threw
himself between hi* Ht.ite nnd her oppress
ors, heb.is been greeted with tho epithet*
of fool and madman. And when a “su
preme law of the land,” had vested in
inr rights long injuriously withheld; the
■ tidiicnco of the Executive Department of
the Government abrogates that law and de
tents those rights—Therefore resolved—
1 That the Government under which wo
live is not a consolidated Empire, but a
Federal association ; that the Stntes nre«s-
sentially sovereign and that their sovereign
ty is essential to tho existence of the Un
ion.
2. That u .all powers not expresdy dele-!
gnled lo the Coiled States bv the Constitu
tion. nor prohibited by it to ilir States, anv
reset ve.| to I lie States tespoctivcly, or to
the people," and that many of tho leading
measures of the present Administration
have been alike subversive of the? Consti
tution, nnd opposed to the tme intuicst of
the country.
fl. 'Flint the sovereignty of the State of
Georgia has been denied nnd abused bv the
General Govi rmneijt,and her vested rights
withheld and her honor insulted. *
•L That the'lboaty of tin? Indian Springs
having passed through all the cousitulioiial
form*, been tun tho supremo law of the
land" that Congress does not possess the pow
er of annulling Treaties at will and without
the consent ol tho parties iu interest, and
that tin? New Treaty is .n its inception and
final ratifii ution, iinrouslilutionfll and void.
5. That this mooting fool grateful to the
Georgia Delegation, for the able manner in
which they rcptcseiitcd tho interest nf the
State ill tlm Congress of the United Stales,
and more particularly uppiuhnto the active
zeal of our Senators, and John Forsyth of
the House of Representative:!.
t> That this meeting most cordially
approve the conduct of his Excellency
G M. Troup in relation to the whole of the
Cinek controversy, and respe-tfi lly suggest
the propriety nmi necessity of taking pos
session of tho tcmtoi) a* quired under the
Old Treaty, in pursuance to un act of the
Legislature of H25.
7. That the pimeediuixfof this meeting
ho signed hi tlte Ciutirinan. countersign
ed by the Secret iry, and published in the
Milledgevde Journal
Preamble nnd Resolutions submitted by Mr
Walker.
In a country like tins where tho exclu
sive privilege of action and sentiment are
guaranteed to the people, we fuel no hesi
tancy in declaring, that as freemen wo are
always ready and willing to express our
selves upon matter* which directly concern
us as individuals; or indirectly as a politic
corporate body formed for mutual happiness
and prosperity.
In a government like ours, where liberty
is secured to all by the energetic exertion’s
of ‘ seventy six.’ the |ovv» si individual has
the same prerogative ns the most ascended
personage ; and where all mankind are per
mitted to speak and net as may he*t suit
their own patriotic desires, without the en
raged looks and v i!e a-; • : r:.: ’ - : i r c- p r < to'
t v rant, ol a T.inpnii ; or the vehement out-
b?ir*t ing tliri-nts and mighty oppressions of
a George tlm third We again teiterate that
we are ready, willing and anxious to express
o ir seti'imervs f. r « r against any measure
that carrii s with it rh» prosperity ofour re
public ;'or the downfall of our national
grHndeur.
The relation we have with the Indians,
vv»* perceivo has again to he made the menus
of keeping arn*mgst os. those broils, those
feuds, and those unpleasant seiisations,
which has long lie^n our keenest desire to
lime expunged, peace and harmony, good
order, and national happiness, and prosper
ity, f 1 rite great,the.gr. rid, and tlm primary
obj. t. Oi ,>ur g .eminent. Tlmn why not
pies- f»r v r*l Tk. act :n direct con» ert
with tin? vunr-mm mandate of our "«•'•!
ern *ienl W iv net net (•incident with the
requirements ofthat national council, which
should have, and has only in view the inter
est and tho happiness of our country an tho
polar s’-ir
Tin* Greek Treaty of 1823, has been pla
ced before Congress bv the Executive of
the United States ; nnd that Congress com
posed of members from every slate in the
I nimi, have examined so far as has been in
their power, the grxid faith in which that
treatv w is concluded, and after mature nnd
wi« i deliberation, have for causes not so
well known by us, set said treaty of 1>*25,
aside as vague, null, and void ; anil estab
lished in its stead one concluded between
tin* treaty making powers of this Union anil
and the (’reek Nation of Indians , as a trea
ty intended to give Georgia nil her lands
according lo the compact of 18t)2, nnd con
ciliate the good will of tin two contracting
parties; this treaty of 182U>, concluded nt
Washington (.’ity. seonts to he a matter of
much animadversion. Meetings in many
different com.ties has been In hi fur the pur-
po‘ e of expressing feelings against tho trea
ty last concluded ; but those meetings we
believe nro not calculated to impress on the
minds of the people any thing that will
conduce to the benefit of Georgia ; or re
dound to future ages ns nets worthy of re
cord Hu* such meetings are w< II cnlctila
ted to inflame the minds of our people, pro
duce discord and env y, and riot accomplish
an object worthy of*n i epnhlienn people Ilut
■ s it is tlm unhnppx lot of Georgia to h»* un
der tho mighty weight of intestine dissen-
linns, let us all be united iu promoting tin
general good : and rleave to those laws
"Inch are neither delusive in their na
ture, nor deadly in their consequences.
If Georgia ha? obtained nil her lands,
why need we ask vvheih' r this cession made
'"’d'*r a treatv of 18*23, or H2G.it is enough
for in to know that the land is ours. given
t • us hy a :realv, nnd this treaty sanctioned
a majority of members in Congress be
longing to this Union. It has been told
'•-•, nnd tint too from authority unshaken,
tb.it the Trea y com hided at the Indimi
Springs, vvas n*>t concluded hy the Treaty
unking power of tin? Indian Nation, hence
Upon those grounds set aside as nugatory,
bv a birgp majority of members composing
the Congress of the United States. Then
ns Georgians wishing to maintain the dig
nity of freemen, and wishing to promote
the great interest of our country, let us take
und take willingly, that treaty which was
by Congress accepted in 1820. and which
gives and conv e^.s to Georgia all the lands
claimed by her charter, lying within the
limifs of the Creek Nation of Indians.
Hr it therefore resulted, That as it has
been the lot of Georgia, to loose sight • ft' at
treaty concluded at the Indian Springs in,
February, 1823, for muses well understood
bv a majority of members in Congress ; but
"f whit'll Wo nro not so adequate to judge ;
that wo accept of the new treaty, nnd rec
ommend to our Executive to take posses
sion of said new treaty confirmed nt Wash
ington City in January 1826, so soon as
said time arrives, expressed in the new
treaty, nnd we further recommend to our
Governor that at the ensuing Legislature,
ho suggest the propriety of disposing of
said tract of country hy lottery, that the
good people of tins stnle may enjoy the be
nefits of said land as early ns possible.
Resulted, That wc tender our unfeigned
tbanks to Mr. Benton for his enorgetic ex
ertions in favor of the New Treaty, and to
Congress for ratifying the same, and there
by giv ing to Georgia that land w lie h vv a--
necessarily lost hy the annulling of the Old
Treaty.
Resolved, That wo recommend to the
people of this state to cense urging our Ex
ecutive to net in opposition to the voice of
the people expressed iu Congress, knowing
that it will exasperate the feelings already
excited, and augment the divisions already
existing in this State ; nnd that we strictly
adhete tntlm old, but worthy maxims, “ uni
ted wt stand, divided wo fall."
At the same time tho meeting passed ap
propriate resolutions upon the death of
Thomas Jf.ki fr.-ov, and resolved to wear
crape on the left arm for 50 days, ns a testi
monial of their respect for the memory of
the dee d.
NATII. AI.LEN, Chairman.
Van Lkonann, Secretary.
BREAKING OF BANKS!
For several days the city Ins been filled
w.:h alarm in consequence of the stoppage,
one afler another, of several monied, or ru-
thor M/i-monied institutions, which it seems
have been under the control of some bold
speculators, without much other eupital
than vvliat they raised by the fictitious pa
per they -ut afloat under tho name oftke
companies tlmv governed.
The Jersey Bank snapped several days
since, and no explanation has yet appeared
of the cause, while curses Iqud und deep are
haeped upon the active managers of the in
stitution
Vestprday after many severe pangs, tin?
United States Lombard, and also the Frank
lin Manufacturing Company, breathed their
last; and to-day the Hudson Insurance
Company, which yesterday gave signs of
approaching dissolution, expiied amidst the
groans cl’the gulled and disappointed tpecu-
latursiu their bonds. The lull ot’the Greene
County Bank cannot be sold at an v rate thi»
morning, and «>n inquiring tho cause, wc
could onlv learn that tiiis Bank, the Lom
bard, and the Hudson Insurance Company
were ull under tho protecting rare of tho
same parents. [.V Y. Statesman.]
The execution of Rcauchamp, the sub*
cido of his wi/vf and the suicide of Desha
the younger, are circumstances which will
arrest the reader’s attention. Deeply cal
culated us such scenes are, to harrow up our
feelings, yet in the case* before us they are
little to b«? regretted. Two miserable per
son) have lid society of those, whose des
perate for un* s has disqualified them fiom
being happy theniselv **s, or useful to others.
[Richmond Lnquircr.
Fkankfort. July 8.
Beauchamp, the assassin of Col Sharp,
lias expiated ins dimes
The sentence of the law was executed
upon liiiu at the fork of the Lexington nnd
W'oodford roads, in the edge of I ruuklbri,
at half past one o’clock yesterday.
An idea hail gone abroad, that lie would
address the people at the gallows ; but he
made no attempt of the kind ; he was evi
dently too feeble, probably rendered so by
Ins attempts to commit suicide, by taking
laudanum uud bv stabbing i miselt.
Soon afler arriving at the jdn'-e of execu
tion, In* observed that lie wished to die ;
and requested the Music winch oelonged to
two independent companies which had
been called out to perserve order, should
play “ Bonaparte’s Retreat from Moscow,',
which liavint heard, ho d* sire I the oiVu *'t*
to peiform tLs cxecutioR-^-aud took his
death.
« r * '< f Vis. Beauchamp—During lh°
trial of Beam hamp. Ins wif** was brought to
this town, charged wit It being accessary •>»
Ins crime ; nnd committed to prison with
him. She was examined, an 1 arquitted ;
hut, at Inv own solicitation, and his, was
permitted to return to his cell*, where she
remained until the dav of his execution.
They both constantly held out the idea that
tin y were lo die together ; and on Wednes
day last.npprr hensiousthat they would make
attempts upon their own lives began to be
seriously entertained ; and n guard was pla
ced in tlie room with them, to prevent any
improper conduct They were however,
in possession of n bottle of laudanum, and
on Thursday night took each a huge dose—
so large that it operated as an rmi tie : nnd
failed to produce the effect which they ex
pected.
In the course of the forenoon yesterday,
they told the guards that, as his last hour
was approaching they wished a few mo
ments private conversation,and hogged the
guard to retire. The request, seemed rea
sonable and the gourds retired. They pre
sently heard some noise, nnd returning,
found that Mrs. Beauchamp had been stab
bed in the left breast, with a butcher-knife
—and Beauchamp find inflicted some
wounds upon himself, not however, either
mortal or dangerous Mrs. Beauchamp’s
wound was mortal ;she lived, hut an hour
or two. So perished Ann Beauchamp, one
of tho most unfortunate of women.
Whether she died by her own hand, or hy
that of her husband, we have not been aide
to ascertain with certainty It is said that
his account was. that she herself inflicted
tlm wound, nnd that when he attempted to
stall lumself she caught his arm, and pre
vented him from doing it effectually.
Mrs. Beauchamp was removed to n room
oftlie jailer’s home —A roverendgentletnnn,
who was present, speaks oftlie dying scene,
ns one of the most touching he hud ever
witnessed. She was anxious to soo her
husband. He was brought in. She had
become speechless, perhaps insensible —
He was placed at her side upon the bed.
lie placed one hand upon her-forehead ; with
the other liofil her pulsn until she expired.
Then, “ Farewell,’’ said lie, farewell, child
of sorrow ! Farewell child of persecution
and misfortune! For thee I have lived for
thee 1 ili»!’-Twice lit embraced her,and
was then removed
Again the Western Mail brings us a tnlc
of horror. The following is un extract ol
another letter, for which we ore indebted to
the gentleman who furnished us with the
information respecting the fate of the Beau-
chumps, husband am! wife:—
Lexington, July 10. 1826.
“ Isaac B. Deshn, charged with the inur-
dor ofBukcr, cut his throat on Saturday mor
ning, the bill, and the opinion of the atten
ding physician was, that he could not recov
er. The wind pipe was cut through, nnd
ho was speechless. Pen, ink, and paper,
were given to him, nnd ho wrote that he
was not guilty oftlie charge for which lie
was confined This makes four persons
who have, within n short time destroyed
their lives ou account oftlie charge of mur
der—two for the murder of Walton, in Hen-
derson county ; Beauchamp nnd Desha, be
side tho wife oftlie former, who stabbed her-
self, a* it appeared from her own uccotim
before she expired. The death of Beau
champ nnd Desha will tend verry much to
teleive the country from subjects calcula
ted to inflame public feeling."
Savannah, July 20.
Melancholy Accident—On Thursday af
ternoon last, Mr John Orme, who had rode
out with n coinpariion, to Bonndveuture, four
miles from town, for the purpose ol* bath
ing, was unfortunately drowned. He could
not swim, nnd approaching too near a plaie
on the shore, when the descent becomes very
acute, he suddenly got beyond his ■:..pt|i
and immediately sunk. Tlm young mail who
was with him being the « nly .o rson nigli
could render him no assistance. The body
was y ester* ny found and brought to town.
Mr. Orme was a young man of exemplary
character, and was much esteemed. lie
was in the employ of Minors. J. Penfiold &
Co. and i? a brother of Mr Orme, one of the
editors oftlie Miiledguville Recorder.
[Georgian.
From the. Sarannah Georgian, of July 22.
TRIBUTE OF RESPECT.
At :» special meeting of die Grand Lortge of
Georgia, lie Id at their Hall, in lhe Cbv of Sa
vannah, on the 27lh day of July. IliJfi, on mo
lion "I R VV. L. II Firtii, Grand Secreta
ry, the Iwllovving preamble and resolutions,
were non limously agreed to:—
NV|»er(»n«, the fraternity of ancient York
Masons, fuiiiuh d upon the principles of pi i
bin'llropliy, 4 Peacr on earth, amlg jod will to
all m n” and in no w iv associated with the
olemi. al opn ions of i eligion orpoliiic-. w inch
li ive distracted the vvoihl will) (heir schism*
a id tumults, cannot hut repaid with unilMl'
emotions ol respect, love ami admiration
those illustrious men, who through the deeds
and principles of their lives have not only ni .n*
ifi’sted a love for mankind, but established .is
far as liunian virtue could do, their liberty and
happiness ; and such having been the deeds
and principles of Thomas Jefferson and John
Adams-*
Beit therefore resolved hy the GR\ND
LODGE ol GEORGIA, altlie City <d Sa
vannah, that the Cr * r in common w iti) their
fellow-citizens, respect and venerate the mem
ories ol the dlitftnous dead—the one as the
iininor d author ol the Declaration ol Inde
pendence, the other as 14 sicNKliaml advocate
td that instrument, tlo? ardent patriots oftlie
1 evoliitiou, amlduring unit perilous period the
«(tampions of liberty, a ml their country ; ami
1* ,1 in indent ition oi that veneration and re-
sn?rt. will'clothe the jewels am! inrignia ol
tiiis Grand Lodge in mourning, and wear un
«lit' h it arm of each meinln-r a similar badge
jl affection for the space of sixty days.
Ut solved, That • fiis Grand Lodge, invite the
lodge* under its jurisdiction, to render a si mi i
hir tribute of honor and rifip \*l to the d 1 eua-
Ou in tion if Brother. E De La Mrtt.i,
Resolved, Thai this preamble and resolu
tions he puldiahmJ in tlm Gazclt s of tni*
St tie, lor the iiitbruuitiuu of alt ol.isous in
G orgi.i.
A truo extract from the minute?.
L. H FUUTM,
G. Sec'ry G L. 8. Geo 0
(HP The different papers published in the
Si te l Georgia, are requested to insirt In
MUSIC.
L TNDF.R this head has been noticed with
) much surprise a coiiimiiiiieati«)ii from
Lexington, ol June 27*li, in the name of .I
G neke Oar intimat knowledge ol the cir
cumstances connected u ith his letroducti 11.
sta) and tin d reninV >1 from the Comer, ten
ners it diflicul'lo conceive, that the notice to
w hich w e refeF, could have been vvriuen on-
dei tlit* eye, 1 1 with the consent, of Mi G '
neke. Bui whether with, or without ir * u
sent, a regard to truth coutpl Is im to s.iv, tli t
he causes of Ids removal arc not si tied. In'
p ntirular* we vvish not to entei, hut if made
n rosary are prepaid! to show, that in rela
tion :o tin*, matter, no Maine can ntiacli t.
any individual connected with the Bethlehem
Bc.tiool. Suffice it to say, the change iu the
department of Music, was made not unexpect
ally, butol necessity, yet judiciously It is due
to me present Fmicipal in this ilep ir iiienl,
10 sa) 11 was uevei Inner filltd.
A FRIEND 10 TRUTH
augu«i 8 IF
F.GRGIA, Monr».. county-— Whereas
t!»i !v Glovvn applies tor letters of ad-
ninisirotio on t .•• * s 1. of Edanu I Giown,
'• of said county, dec d.
And *'ht*r»»*»B. i Immas Miiler applies f r let
ter* jf aomim*t. a 1 m on i-.eesuie of Alex-
ruler Leggett, lute of Og'ciliorpH county,
Th«**ei^re therefore to cite anil sd.nnnivh all snd
migutai the kuulrv.l miiJ v ti-Ut?or» of said d»*cr«»-
ed. lulteaud Mppcartt my ufflee wiihin the tinu
pretertbed by a«, tukhe^ came in any they cau,
wh> *-ui letter* »li»ni.! j„,t tw irrantecf.
tiivtu unde;- inyhsml. (ho 2Ut‘ oi July l£26.
LLl.Vi ilr.ALL, c. c. o.
I
Si)c .Dournat.
tmlXx.x.xssozivii.x.x: :
TCKr'DAV. ACCCST 8, |.«ati.
ILJ 3 The Augusta Constitutionalist, iu
speaking of the celebrations, in different
parts of the State, of the late Anniversary,
says,
“ The Toasts vv* have seen speak a lan
guage no less posi*iv A upon the subject of the
next election for Unv r i"r. They point to
the Mono able.John Fousvtu. as the >ucces-
? r ol Gov rnor 1 roup, and wo sincerely
w i* I'm* «>nr oppt muits ie nquisld g party
Kl ■•!'** and look*ng op y to the good of ihi*
Scale, would unite with us in placing in rim
high and responsible station, an nrc* mplislieil
gentleman and statesman, who has stood up
•or the dignity and rights of Georgia, with an
ability, encigy and promptness worthy o, all
pra»*e."
Messrs Cantu k Rag I mid,
Had Dr. Fort contented himself with
publishing the remarks made befoie tho
meeting held in this plnre on Saturday the
24th day of June, on the subject oftlie Old
and New Treaty, neither Jin nor the public
should have heard from inc at tins time —
He has however presented to the public a
speech most of which lie never uttered be
fore that meeting, nnd some of which I fed
no hesitation in declaring he never thought
of. It is matter of painful regret that his
memory is so strangely treacherous or that
helms so little regard to tho facts which
transpired on thut occasion. 1 opened the
business of tlm mooting. I proposed no
course to bo pursu'd, presented no icsolu-
tions, had nover assisted to draft or seen
anv, and expressly requested the Chairman
lo call «.n gentlemen tor any they had pre
pared that they might be discussed. When
I closed my observations with this request
to the Chairman, Dr. Fort rose and addres
si d the meeting, nnd regrettod that l had
not gone farther, that I had stopt when lie
ad expected iue to begin, that C had not
full)' disclosed the objects of the meeting,
pointed out the course I wished pursued or
discussed the merits of the two treaties —
He then mado some preliminary remarks,
upon the old and new treaties with the Creek
Indian?, prepniatory t& his preamble and re
solutions, offered and read them. Mr. La
mar, Mr Torrance, nnd some others spoke,
and among them Dr. Fort, particularly in
reply to Mr. Lamar, to explain his inconsis
tency as charged hy Mr. Lamar. After nil
tficsn I addressed the meeting in substance,
us was published in tho Southern Recorder,
and when I closed Dr Fort made this re
mark and no more. That as most of inv
observations regarded him personally, it
might be supposed necessary for In in to re
ply to them, but he should not If he were
disposed he might suy, I had suggested the
course of arresting our Surveyors by the
civil officers oi tlm United States, and bring
ing tlm mutter before the Court, because J
was a Lawyer, and might expect to get a
loe, hut he would not make such a charge,
as lie did not believe that to be my motive.
An examination of Dr. Fort’s published
speech will satisfy any. one who was af the
meeting, that ho has forgotten almost all
the facts that transpired, being entirely de
pendant on the ii inevitable inaccuracy ofliis
memory" or that ho was totally regardless
T them, when ho was drawing up his re
marks. His speech published is no mine
like those he delivered, (for he sppke
twice) than ho is like Hercules, and recalls
forcibly to recollection the man who a few
vears back published a speech he would
have delivered in the Legislative Hall, if
most of the mombeis had not gone out of
the House, or fallen asleep under the influ
ence of his affecting and overpowering elo
quence. The Doctor believes lie has vp P -
ing talents, and least liisJriends should blush
for him, were he to publish the speeches he
delivers, lie very wisely prepares d.lVerenl
ones for publication. ’ With proper pru-
donce n man may sustain a high reputation
in this vvuy. Though friends cannot prompt
in a public assembly, they may in the clos
et suggest alterations or additions, correct
the writteu, or “ proof sheet" &i*. &c.and
don number of othor tilings, without abso
lutely vvr ting all the speech for publication
But tho Doctor if he is regardless whethci
thediess is the samo ought to furnish the
body of his speech correctly, and lie should
particularly distrust the accuracy of his no
mory, when it supplies him with answers to
the arguments of a gentleman who used
them, after he had spoken, and mokes allu
sions to facts which transpired some days
alter the speech had been delivered.
Although Doctor Fort did not on that
Jay reply to the arguments I used, vet «>
lie lias deemed thorn worthy a reply m
print, I will now notice some of Ins obser
vations. I did doclaro that there was no
power in the general government to abro
gate or change the treaty of tho Indian
springs so fur as Georgia was concerned,
without tile consent of Georgia. That bv
it Georgia had acquired vested rights anil
a perfect,absolute, nnd indefeasible title to
the laud within her limits. That so fur ns
ihe treaty made at Washington alii: -ted
those rights, nnd deprived us of tho land,
it was uiicoiialitutii>iiul and void. That
Georgia had as perfect a title .and as abso
lute right to il as to any othor land vvitlun
her limits, nnd if tho U. States could by
treaty sell and d spose of that, she could
of anv part, und if of any part, sJie could of
the whole of Geoigia.
To this argument, Dr. Fort did n..t then
reply, but m his primed speech lie doe*, and
mark, 1 beg that it may he well understood
uud recollected, this is not the hurried re
ply of tlie moment, nor the effect of excite
ment roused by opposition No it is the
cool deliberate expression of a political
opinion, the result of closet meditation.—
Let us hear him. “ To maintain a doctrine
so diametrically opposite to the practice of
all governments, and of our own, (Col.
Jones,) stales that this is not an ordmar) but
an extraordinary treaty. Wonderful dis
covery ! Can it bo necessary to follow mi-
gumonts founded on such hypothesis? Who
is ignorant that the treaty-making power
from us very nature, must have the assign
ing and altering the boundary of tho conn
try ? It r.s in rain to attempt to startle, us
by crying nut u rtute might be. sold und
that tu a tyrant l u! That power which
huufiht with our money Louisiana, can
"gnin m il lion lino country to any power
they plcisc. The people then, who are in
much citizens of the United States ns wc
are, mum submit to the laws placed over
them, or if they choose set up for them
selves, as wn have seen it done repeatedly
in our tonus." And has it come to this ?
Have w„ lived to see the day w hen a can
didate for Congress, a man wnn is to assisi
in making the laws, shall assert as hi- ( |, .
Iibcraie opinion that the general govern
ment hits the Rigiu to sm.l is as SI.AVKS
tothe VKRIK9T rVKANT'•* t.VllTII \nj |,'j a
is not confined to Louisiana. Uor L)r F„n
declares "the people tliora are as much
citizens of the United States as we are" in
Georgia, and •• that the same pow er which
bought that state can sell it again, and that
we are not tn be startled at the idea of be
ing sold lo a tyr int. What thou can pre-
vsut Georgia and every other state from
pose of any number of states obnoxiou? t**
his elevation. With tlii« power Mr Adams
•nay L’iv e up Gemgin and indeed nil Foull?
and West of ihe Pi'toniurto *• » me tlio Jforth.
I'm. tern Fisheries *\: I is own le-eleclion If
the Treaty making power has the light of
selling pint of a^'ale, a w hole state, or sev
eral states, no limitation can be fixed to
prevent it from selling the whole United
States. An examination of the subject will
convince us that tho treaty making power
even in absolute monarchies docs not pos
sess this right.
If a nation is obliged to preserve itself,
it is not less obliged carefully to preserva
nil its members. The nation owes this to
itself, sinee the Iops of even ono of its mem
bers weakens it, nnd is injurious to its owj)
preservation. It owes this also to the mem
bers in particular in consequence of tho
very uet of association, for those who com
pose a nation are united for their defence
and common advantage, and none ran just*
Iv be deprived of this Union and of tho
advantages which flow fmm it, while he on
his side fulfils the 0011(1111011.’'
"The body of a nation cannot then aban
don n province, a town, or even a p»rti« ii Dir
person, who has done his part, unless oblig
ed to it from necessity ; or unless it is mado
necessary by the strongest reasons founded
on the public safety." (Vottel’s Law of Na
tions page fiJ.)
Again he says, “ since every treaty oughf
to be made Willi a sufficient power,«» treat/
pernicious to the state is not at all obligato*'
ry ; no conductor of the state having the
power to enter into engagements to do stn h
tilings ms are capable of destroying the slate
tor the safety of which tho Empire is inhibi
ted to him."
“ In the year 1506, the States General of
the Kingdom of France assemble!! at Tour**,
engaged Louis 12th, to break tho Treaty bo
h id concluded with the Emperor Muximil-
ban and the Arch Duke I’nilip Ins son, be
cause that treaty was penurious to tht
Kingdom. They also found tluit neither
tho treaty, nor the oath that accompanied it
mould oblige the King to alienate the l)o-
nnni n* ot the Crown. (Y’atfel page 237.J
“Tli Prince or superior of the society,
whatever tn* is, being naturally no more than
tlie administrator & not the proprietor of the
state, In* authority as sovereign or head of
the Nation does not of itself give him a right
to dispose oftlie public pioperty. It was up
on this principle that thtt Dukeofdully advis
ed Henry 4th to resume the possession
all the Dmains of the Crown alienatexi
hy his predecessor." (Mattel, page 1761
“ A nation ought to preserve itself, it
ought to preserve all its members, it cannot
abandon them, and it is under an obligation
to them, of maintaining them in the rank of
members of the nation, it 1ms not then the
right to traffic with their rank and liberty on
account of any advantages it may promise
itself from such negotiation. They nro
united to tho society to he its members
They acknowledge tho authority of the
stnto to promote m concert their common
welfare and safety, nnd nor to be at it* dis
posal like a farm or an hen id of cattle."-**
(Vat»el page 177.)
This is law in Europe. But Dr Fort says
a state, can be sold.
In eases of absolute necessity when the
safety of the whole requires it, this great
writer admits the right of the sovereign or
treaty making power to abandon or give up
a city or province to an orerpowering ene
my. “ But (says he) this province or city,
thus abandoned and dismembered from rim
stale is not obliged to receive the new mas
ter, attempted to ho given them Tho peo
ple being separated from the sociotv of
which they wore members, tl»c\ resume all
their lights, and if it is possible for
them to defend their liberty against him
who would subject them to his authority
they may lawfully resist him.” (VatteL
page 178.J
This prove ? lie hn? no right to cede, tho'
b° may bv compelled to abandon For if I e
had the right to ude, they would not ii.ivo
the right to resist.
“ Fiatn i* Ist having engaged by the trea
ty of Madrid to cede the Duchy of Burgun
dy to the Em; emr Charles 5th, the stales of
that province declared “ that having never
hem subject to any other Crown but that of
France, they would die subject to it. and if
the King abandoned than, they would
take up arms and endeavor to set tin ni*
.*elv( - at liberty rather than submit to ano
ther person ” (V'ntti I, page 178 )
Again lie says, “on tlie oecusion of tho
treaty of Madrid, just mentioned, ilic prin
cipal person* in I ranee, assembled at Cog
nac. alter the Kings return, unaniiiK usly
concluded, “ th it Hus authority" (the trea
ty making power) *• did not extend so far as
to di>ineinbct the Crown, and the treaty
was declared void as contrary to tlx? hin-
d.'mental law of tho Kingdom." (Valtel
page 158.)
I nin well aware the extent of tlie«e quo
tations must he tiresome to most people,
and that many will pass them over os unne
cessary But 1 un^anxioUH to prove nn im
portant political principle, and nut confident
that all who will take the trouble to read
them over, however slightly, will be satisfied
that this most slavish doctrine does not pre
vail in Europe. The high toned Jacobites
ui.d Tories of the reign of tho Stewarts,
would have blushed to have allowed tlii.i
power, (iliu power of selling any part oftlie
Kingdom of England) to that arbitrary and
despotic family. They would have repel
led the elr.rgoof entertaining such a senti
ment with scorn and indignation.
But Dr Fort, says, “ The same pahetr
which bought with our money Louisuina,
can “ again”' sell that fine country (Louis
iana, Missouri, 6c the \\ t s;ern Territory) ta
any uuwti they please ” While all writers un
the Law ol Nations, who live under the
most urbituiry government, lay it down as
h fixed and settled rule, “ that Rulers have
no right lo Beil tlie country over which they
prer.ide.
Having shewn that this power is not con
tended for oi cluime- by monarclis in tlm
absolute governments of Europe, lot us look
t i "ur«olvos and examine if it lias been civ-
en to the Sovereign power in our republican
institutions
Bv Uie last clause of the Constitution ol
tlie U Slate*, “ The powers not delegated
to the United Slates by tin? Constitution
nor prohibited by it to the States, are ream*'
ed to the States respectively, or to the peo
ple" Art 12. of Admen’ta.
I hough tin* single s»*i tion would be suf
fluent to sut(sty any canuid mind, where nt
express power can be found delegated, ye
as there are several which pn»ve most con
clusively that the L nt:ed Slate have no suel
right or povvei (lor in a government Idii
ours power aud right should he syuonoiuous,
I will call your tillentlon to them. By tho
same iu*iriiincnt i» igdeclared, art. 4, sue l
Neyv States mil) be admitted by the Con
gross into this Luion. But no nW Stnt
shall he formed or erected within the juris
motion of any other St ate ; nor any State b
formed by the junction of two or more state
or parts nf Stales, without tlu? consent of th
Legislature oj the States concerned, as we
as of tho Congress." And by the nei
section, “ The United Stales Hindi guuran
tee to every State in tho Union a republ
« an foiin of goverumant and shall protec
oa»:li of them against invasion."
In article 5th, wo find, “ No State, with
011 fs consent, shall he deprived of itsequ:
suffrage iu the Senate.’’ Lot us pause as
examine what is contained in these clause
1st 1 hat new Slates may ho admitl*
into tho Union.
2d That a republican form of govrrr
ment and protecti,,u are guaiantecd tu al
new ns well as old.
Jd That part* of different states cann
be taken off t,» make a new sh te, witho
tin. consent if their Leg,stature*