Newspaper Page Text
wttteh, tniiou* lo colloct • Tew penes, has but to try
■hot*, shots, whiskey, whiskey—if hs adds gander-
pulling, the rill is moro imperious—and forthwith
tha poor candidates, willthoy, nill they, are obliged
to ooey the summooa, or abandon ail hopes nf their
election. Wbsl greater tyranny than this! We aie
called—indeed, we proudly proclaim ourselves the
lleeMnation upon earth. And so forsooth our 'hrm
of government, &. the constilu.ion which supports it,
prove us to be. Hut who does not know and leal that,
with our praaent system of electioneering, this boas
ted freedom is an abominable mockery .’—a mere
name—n breath—“ tho shadow of a shade.' Wi
had better be like the peasantry of Europe reduced to
ths loweat degree of vassalage, with tint lung to do but
to eat and drink, lie down, get up and work like other
in,male for a set of luiurioua and lordly masters —
We had belter be like the Serfs nf Kuseia, owned by
out landlords—gambled away by them—sold and
transferred with the soil like the stock on a plantation,
than bn the slaves of such a liberty as ours.
The miserable candidate, if he ho a novice in the
businaaa, is wholly unaware of ths horrid dangers and
trials which await him. In announcing himself as a
candidate Citlhn luSragna vf his fellow-ciUitoe, Ira
does not ataetlp proclaim, in the style and lingual*
of Kentucky bravado, that he can whip hta weight in
wild oats, and a panther lo boot—but hs virtually un
dartskaa, a task not lets arduous and appalling, lie
says in effect, tho' not in words, that ho can eat his
weight in raw shots, end drink whiskey enough to
dost a seventy-four; that his head is proof against tho
billioua haul of a Hummer aim, and that hia nerveaare
competent to auatala tho combined shock nf all the
elemtntaaided by his own most fool hard) self-aban
donment and debauchery.
Oughtthe«ethings so to bo’ Let the sober tense
of the community answer.
OaLBIKATZOm.
out Slate. Wa hope the urns will aBen coma whan
our produce will beeoAveyed to market, either by
the one or the other nf theae modes of conveyance.
By the Vice-President—As long as virtue and in
telligence Turin the character of the American people,
our Republican Institutions are aafa.
By Thomas B. Slade, Esq —The orator of the day ;
hia epeciinena of eloquence only aurpaased by hit vis-
tuea.
By Joseph Goff— Charles Carroll of Carrollton—An
actor in the scenes of the day wa celebrate, let the
timo ho far distant when our eyes shall search for him
in vain on the Amerioan stage.
By Col. 8. T. Slater—Washington. The watch
word to nations yet unborn.
By i. Kivlin— Jack's—Son, the practical states
man, the incoruptiblo politician, at the nait presiden
tial election, may ba receive the highest honors hia
country can bestow
By the Orator—The factions occasioned by the
Presidential contest, when it shall ba decided, they
will vanish and 11 like the baseless fabrics of a vi
sion leave not a wreck behiad.”
By John McBride.—
" lira’* health to the ladies at hainc,
Here’s health to the ladiesawa,"
By Wilton Pope—The American people, may ihty
aver have impartiality enough to judge their rulara by
their seta.
By Charles Whelan—The Presidency of the Uni
ted Hlates. The people will over consider it a trust,
but nevar a rewnrd.
By Dr. Flawellnn—Our country, our wholo country
and nothing but our country.
By Gueata- -The Jonoe county fair, all the virtues
are combined in adding brilliancy and dignity to their
graces.
Clinton, Female Seminary—The source of tubtttn
t'*l learning, may coming yaars witness its pruspori*
ty and glory.
4fA of July at Inrintan.
The citizens of Wilkinson county, in pursuance
of previous arrangement.?, met at Irwinton, fur
the purpose of celebrating the 52*1 Anniversary
uf American Independence. 'The procession was
formed at the court-house, and thence murrhed
into the Baptist Church, where the Throne of Di
vine Grace WHS addressed by the Rev. Mr. thick
hannon, the Declaration uf Independence read by
Dr. K R Heath, and on appropriate address de-
j.vered tiy Ilobtrt Hatcher, E-q. After which, the
procession proceeded to no adjoining grove, u here
a sumptuous repast was prepared. After the doth
was removed, the following regular toasts were
drank :
I. The Day tee celebrate—Tho binli day of our
liberty.
tl. The National Flag--l.ong may it wav# its ban*
rcr over our infant Reputilic, and guurd the liberties of
our country, both from foreign and domestic foes.
3. The neit President—If a practical knowledge
of the wants of tho people, a dear understanding tu
perceive their interest, honesty of motive and firm
ness nf purpose, are the qualities which will insuro
his aloction, Andrew Jackson will baffta mao.
4. The aurtitiag thr ore of the Devolution—Let
II* while lima yet permits, offer them ths tribute of a
country's thanks.
G The memory qf our beloved political father,
George Washington.
C. The State of Georgia—May she by her vittuo,
patriotism, and unanimity, prim, to bo tho brightest
■tar in our political constellation.
7. The puritan Fathers of the South—I.cl us over
ajrive to imitate the virtue and the patriotism of those
first aaserleraof the principle of civil liberty.
8. The American People—May their virtue bo res-
ptbndent, their wisdom Grecian, their glory Human,
their union perfect, end their liberty perpetual.
0. The Coalition— Destined by fate to a speedy dit-
tolution.
10. The A‘eu> Tariff and He supporters—Moy they
be nf few days and lull of trouble.
II. Georgia..-May the soon rival her Northern tit
ters in manufactures, as aha now dues in agriculture-
12. His BteeUeney John Forsyth.
12- Tie American Fair— May the contaminating
\!trs of Europe, find no reaidonco in their busunis.
VOLUNTEER TOASTS.
By Maj. Job* Hatcher, I’toaidentof the bey—May
the Aowtrt af leventt-ais never fads.
By Jeese Vtugli, Vita-President- -May tho United
States fotevai remain frvn and independent.
By tha Orator of jha Dap—The American Fair;
ths pride nf our country ; our friends in war, andthe
object* of our social enjoy intuit in peace , may their
virtues be ae pure and lasting, tv those who saved
Roma art memorable.
By Col.'Juhn B. Barry—Tho Chief Magistrate of
tile State, tha virtuous guardian of a paopl* a rights.
By Jaramiab Basil—JohnO Atlanta; may his head
Be shaved by tha Barbour of Virginia, capped with
tne Clay of Kentucky, and Hushed against tlie walls
of the custom honee, Until ha ahull bo made tu cry
out bargain and intrigue.
By Dr E. R. Heath—-Tho Wilkinson Fair ; nmy
fnetr charms never want admirers, and their chastity
naver bath* but of ridicule.
By II. W. Wright—-Ilia Excellency John l’orsyth;
may he have ascendency over hia anomic*.
By A. M. Scarborough-—America ; tho cradle of
ecienoe, the land of the brave.
By J. Hrirborotigh, Eaq.—The free sons of Amcri*
ft; may they over sa»nd Hrmlv united in tho cause uf
liberty.
By D. M. Hall, Esq —Our absent wives, children
fpd friends.
By Dr. Wm. Bryan—John Uuincy Adams; mny
he be destitutn of support at tho next Trcaidential
election, as hit feeble advocates in Georgia, tho Olivo
Branch and tho Darien Gazette.
By Shedrack Adams, Eaq.—
•May we M at-bmtiau natioiL
Ceme to follow •Wipetimi,
of July at Clint Oil,
iht tuouftl Festival of our Notional Jubilee, was
celebrate) in thif placo with ununutl harmony and
H°od focling. Tho day was clear and delightful, and
allpartiea united in hailing us uujpiciouu return.
No party aniinnuitiea, no accident interrupted the
joyoua feelings natural to tho occasion. Samuel
Isoicthtr, Eaq. wan appointed President, and John
I'Utcher, Vtce-Prctfidcntof tho day. At 11 o'clock.
A. M. tho Clinton Independent Blues, commanded
by Capt. Brower, paraded before the P.aglo Hotel,
from whcnco they escorted tho procession to the Moth
odist church ; which had been eloquently ornatnen*
ted with vines flowers, <lc. «Vc.
Prayer was offered by tho Rev. Ml. Thwtatt—Dec-
Unit ion read by R. V. Hardeman, Esq.—and Ora
tion delivered by C. I!. Elliott—and tho whole ac
companied by instrumental and vocal music prepar
ed for the dsy. At ~ o'clock, P. M. u very respecta
ble company took dinner, prepared by Mrs. Gibson
of the Eagle Hotel.
It it proper here to remark, that the dinner was
aplondid and did great honor to the occasion, as well
to Mrs Gibson'* efforts.
After the cloth was removed, the following regular
•nti volunteer toasts weru drunk
l|t. ThctHyue celebrate—With joy we hail its
annual return,far it finds ua powerful and free.
2d. The United States—A flat that points to po
laical regeneration.
3d. The memory of Washington—A life of public
U*ufuloeis, ennobled and relieved by his social chnri*
*.\*s and domestic virtues , man's highest eulogy*
4ih. The Heroes of the Rirolulion—The fabric of
*u» Independence, reared by their toil, and cemen
ted ly their blood.
rah. and Gdums—Americans and Free
men will eherjsh their admired memories, while fatno
coniioaev to be the herald of their praise.
6 th. 2 he Constitution of the United State a— Adopt
ed in tho spirit of friendship and compromise, may it
re.'uu'n »• >i received from the bauds of thoso who
framed it.
7th. The army ani toiey of the United Stales—In
pe ice our pride, in war our sure defence.
Oih. the State of Georgia—So rich in resources,
may ah* never be outdone by the industry of the
North.
biii The tree of Li&erry—Once withered by the
deadly blasts or tyraunv, now revived and flourish-
.ng, it entirely shatter* beneath its shade all the un-
fortunata of the human ,are.
10. Personal Industry aid strict economy—sure
tunrdiei for hard times.
llth Agticullurt and romnwree—Crippled by a
t..uw I'rotn Manufacture., let them mute in adjusting
their fraetuu* and quietly lake earn uf theniteivee,
until tiu^i cumplete ilia cure
4fA of July at the Bowling Greco, Ogle
thorpe county.
Agrcealiln tn previous arrangements, a number of
the citizen, of Oglethorpe cognty, together with the
KWth district company of G. M. met at the Bowling
Green, on tho 4tli intt. for the purpose of celebrating
tho 6dd Anniversary nf American Independence.
Tha day wa. spent with harmony and hilarity, frum
the union of sentiment and good feeling, that seemed
to pervade each breast around the fuetivo board, par
ty zeal and jealously, if it eiiat, waa entirely furgnttnn
on (hie occasion. At half past 11 o'clock, A. M the
company iff tho militia parudnd, commanded by Capt
.Sylvanue Bo.'l, and after going through some ovolu
tiona, marched in a neat prucessiun tutbo grove,
whero they were joined by othor citizens, and after
firing a national salulo, the Declaration of Indepen
denes, together with aomo introductory remarks was
handsomely read by Dr. Thomas Moody, and an able
and patriotic oration delivered hy Mr H. T. Land
rum. The company than partook of an excellent
berbacua proparod by the citizens, after which tha
following toasts were drank amidst the rnsr of fire
arms and eiclamntions of clieeifulness—Gen. John
Slower* acted as President—and Mr. Peachy It Gil
mer assisted at Vice-President.
1st. The day we celebrate—We feel anxioue for the
principles that gave it birth ; may each returning 4lh
of July, hail ua and our posterity with tha blotting* of
freedom
2d Gen. George Washington-■ Language fail* to
culngiee hi* prnitn—sacred bn his memory.
3(1. The United States---May her commerce and
freedom, cease to exist only with lime itself.
4th The patriots of '70—They gava ua liberty a*
an inheritance, may we return our grelRufie lo them
by preserving it inviolable.
Tiili. May the sons of Ainericu, ever feel that patriot
ism whirl! glowed in the breast nf the framiH of the
Declaration nf Independence on the 4th of Jm, '70
Oth. Thememories of the framers nf the dusliltt-
Hon of the United States—wo cannot enough admire
tlmir wisdom and patriotism.
7th- The Union uf the States--The firm fkhric of
Independence, w hile justice is the guide. v
8th. Tha advocates of the Tariff—fdsy scctiBktl in-
forest no longer influence you, let justico hryour
guide, fur the Republicans of the South have an eye
to your conduct.
!)lh. The States—May tho Southern, Middln and
Western*nRn, and end the coalition Tariff and Strife.
10th. The American Aury—The pride of our na
tion, may it alwave be ready to avenge its wrongs.
llth. The Militia—Tha bulwark uf our nation, let
them have a Jackson fur their leader, and they defy
the Packenhetns of Europe.
12th The people--Let thetr public agents bo aa (lie-
interested an J virtuoua ae those who choose thorn, and
we would have Republican principles, till limes no
■flora.
13th. The American Fair-- 1 The pride of our coun-
try.
VOLUNTEER TOASTfl.
By Gen Julin Stewart -The memory of Gefleral
George Washington and the deputed tlcroea of the
Revolution, may they never be forfeited, nor stum
her in our mind*.
By. Mr. F. V. llordell—Tho patriots of 70 may
their names and worthy deeds, over bo chariahcd in
tho lienrls of freemen.
By Mr. John Moudy,R. S—Gcn. DeRulb, we would
de our feelings injustice, whilo passing in imagination
over tha plaint of Camden, not to drop a tear over
thy tomb
By Capt. Jacob l’hinezy—May the Republicans in
tho United Slates, at the noxt Presidential election,
place old Hickory in the chair, and may hia adminis
tration be a just and wito one
By Janies Bell, Esq —may the service* of our Pure
fathers which gave ua this day. never be forgotten.
Cspt. A. Guill—The old licroet of '7C, may their
memories stand as living monuments to the youth of
our nation.
Hy Dr T. Moody—The present administration,
may it he blattod on the arrival of the first frost, and
nf all with the foliage of our forest, and lot a new
germ supply it* place.
By V. Stewart, Esq.—Gen. Andrew Jackson, the
decided choice of the people of the United States,
for the nest President.
By Cnpt. S. Bell—Literature, may it flourish like a
plant by tlm side of living water.
By Mr. N Hunter—Gen. Lafayette, the compan
ion of Washington, and the friend of liberty.
By Capt W. Jewel—Patrick Henry, tho ohle
Orator, the intelligent Sla osman,and one of tlio first
in the armies nf hia country, may we ever be ready
to exclaim in his pathetic language, “give us liberty
or death.”
By Capt. I). Dunn—Gen. Jackson, tho prominent
Candidate fur the nest Presidency.
By Mr. S. Boll—The Tarift a goim of oppres
sion- But our watchword is fair play and freemens
rights.
By G. Young, Esq.—National industry, wo uro op
posed to one branch, being taxed at tho eapence of
another, and degrading is tho policy that will niako
it so.
By J. Jewel, Esq—(Tho Pictident having retired.)
The President of the day.
By Mr. II. T. Landrum—Tha advocates nf tho
present administration, wo would teach you that mo
ney cannot purchase the freeman nf the South, neither
do they regard the expenditure of tho same in con
tending for their rights.
By B. Bcssly, Esq. -The Vice-President of tho
day.
By B. F. Hardeman, Esq.—Tho Header of the
Declaration nf Independence and Orator of tha day
Hi! IHs il VKI 1 'sues rim Is A sk.
The Udiftfi present were handaamtly tcconmo-
dated at a separate table, spread in tbe hall and
well supplied with luxurious viands. The iun<>s*.
harmony prevailed, and perfect decorum wis oh
served at table. After dinner the followingregu
lar and volunteer toasts were drunk.
1. Ths memory of Charles Carroll, the oolysuivi
vor of those worthies—the harbingers of our frwdom
2. The immortal Washington—-The the defetder of
our rights, the geidor of our councils ; in hamony
we enjoy the fruits of his toils.
,3. The memorable Jefferson—honorable to hi> Stele
and nation, is endeared to the hearts of his political
aona.
A. .The memory of James Madison— 1 Tho* Xortny
hia pasaage, whilo at the political helm, he raoond the
ship in safety, and livee in the hearts of his cejntry*
men.
6. James Monroe— Hia memory will be commensu
•urate with the existence of our Republic
6. Tha present Tariff— The precursor of the ag
grandizement of the few, to the ruin of the many—
It subtracts from the revenue, ruin* agriculture, and
will end io the establishment of a monied aristocracy.
7. Tha present system of “ Internal improvement"
•• Proceeding from an implied power of the Federal
Constitution, can be viewed in no other light than the
consolidation of State authorities.
B. The People ia tha only legitimate source of eo-
vereignty that ought to exist in any Republic.
9. State Rights are enjoyed by a solemn guarantee
and should be defended by every lover of liberty .
10. Jlgriculture and Commerce aro hand-maids ;
encouragements of the one aro discouragements ol
tho other.
H. The South should keep watchful sentinels upon
her out-posts.
12. Tne Republics of Hayti, Mexico, and Texas,
meditate the ruin of that of North America. They can
not succeed, for she, like the Phtenil, will still rise
from her ashas.
13. This a safe motto : Friendship with all, butal
liances with none.
VOLUNTEERS.
By Jesse Johnson--Genera) A. Jackson ii said to
he a second Washington ; I would have him equal;
may he ho our next President, in spite of his enemies.
By Dr. C. Forbes—'The Southern States nailed by
one common interest; may tins union he perpetual,
John the 2d, Mr. Webster, and the Tariff to the con
trary notwithstanding
By David Johnson—Jefferson next to Washington;
Americans know no superiors.
By Miles Scarborough--The Literary Institutions
of our country are impregnable bulwarks to tyranny
an enlightened people can never be enslaved.
By u Orice- General Jackson ; his patriotic e*r
vices, luve of country, and brilliancy of talent, emi
nently entitle him to tho first office in tho gift of the
American people.
By C. McCarty—May the patriotic hero, General
A Jackson, be our next President.
By Hamuel Johnson—George M. Troup, the able
defender of Stato rights ; moy ho he our next Cover
nor.
By James Witcher—
I.rt Clnrkvrunnd Troupers henceforth cease,
And turn all i»«rty ra^o to peace;
House and revive rour ancient flory,
Unite and drive tin* world before you.
By David Smith, Eaq—Andrew Jacksou, the hero
of Orleans; possessing the disinterestedness of Ke-
gulus, the firmness of Cato, and the vigour ot Fibri
ciua; fit qualifications for a President, is eminently
entitled to the support of his country.
By J Stanfield—-The present policy of the Gene
ral Government ia ruinous to the many, and encoura
ging to the few
By W. W. Williams—Tho tree of American liber
ty was planted by Washington, and nurtured by Jack
•on ; may her aona complete its culture.
By E. 8. Williams- Moy tho Presidential chair at
the next contost, he fillsd with old Andrew Jackson.
By Capt.T. Harris—The administration of this go
vernment will never change, 'till John the 2d is re
moved from the throne.
By James E. Jordan—May John Q Adams And his
Aids, sink into political oblivion, and old “ Hickory
Jackson" succeed them.
By John Pace—A. Jackson is like a auaUcr six
pence, the more you rub him tho brighter he shines.
By L. L McCarty—To the memory of R Emmet;
may hia virtues and precepts ever incline the enslaved
sons of Erin.
By C. T. B. McCarty—May the w ing of liberty no-
ver went a feather.
By G. Orice—La Payette ; the firm and devoted
friend of the oppressed ; may pcaco and tranquility
attend the evening of hie iltusiriona life.
By Dr. William W. Burch- —To the Fait of our
country ; they are industrious, intelligent end beauti
ful; their smiles give ua pleasure, ana their economy
wealth.
The President of the Day ia worthy of any offico in
the girt of his county*
To the Vice President; ha is an honest man and a
good citizen.
To the Reader of the Declaration of Independence •,
ho ia a man of talents, and we delight to honor him
To the Orator of tho Day ; a gentleman ot distin
guished talents; may hia country never forget him
fffrrHottrnjil.
What h it but ft ro»p t>l buvy life * Cowper.
MILLEDUEVILLE, JULY 21, leS28.
on lit
A LIST OF LETTERS remaining in
the Post Office ut Zcbulou, Pike countj,Juuc 30,1B28.
the Post Office at Zcbulou, Pike
(».
Flvira (ti’rmunj
It.
Ephn
o.
Davill Artinc,
Jane Alikerson,
Tilmon Aiblcr,
H.
Thomas Hoods •
Kdwin Ilruwii
Juba l(. Broadnax.
C.
John P- Clegg
Atiner Chapman
Ktlwanl Covington
John II. Cuopcr
John Crabtree
Ambrose Chapman
l.oytl T. Cooper
John W. Cooper
Klizabeth Collini
llardy Crawford
D.
Ana Kdwards
Kiiiabcth Kidson
.Stephen Kllis
'bourns t*rimslcy
Dseph Godard
inl> Vl-at*
Thomas Oneal
William Owen
Horn J*.
Kdwenl W. Hussey James A. Perdue
Michael II. Ifiiich James Putnam
John P. Ilenslce John D. Paradis3
John Herring 2 Hurrel G. Perry
James Parker
James Peavy
John S. Prather
William C. Jones
K.
Da'itl Keith
M.
It.
Lemon Itodgcr
William McCullough !*ouisa Adnline Stuurt
Wm. MrCutchron Henry A. Spencer
Peter McKellar Leonard Sims
Levi Martin 1! W. Shivers
Jane Milner •
Du nr ati Mr Kucha r. Marcus Wraer
James Mims 2
By Mr. G. W. Crycr—Gen. A. Jackaon, the pride
Tennessee, the glory of America, and mao of
Thus. Mrllurnett?
Imtuc McKIcroy
Cook son Moore 2
Israel Martin
UeiHlersou K. Moss
Alexander Mucky
Ebcneicr Mitchell
N.
William Newton*
RranHon D. Wooten
Ann Jane Weeks
J. U. WilliamM.n
John C. Watson
William Youngblood.
J. BHTTRIH*. P. M.
wt
rt you know the Oc
LOOK AT THIS COW.—
In the Spring of 1B20,1 called on William Cook,
Ksq. late ol Telfair county, det’d.; htvinform-
ed me there was a Cow at hit penj and, says
he, Mr. Alexander ttrahaiu requested me to
.» ,„iw was here. I will here remark that the Cow
w ith Mr. Graham’s stock,and that he kept iny slock
»| cattle in the j ear 1810 or 1MI, consequently ly- knew my mark
*nd brand perfectly—HeU»u>discovered the Cuw “
mark ami brand, although ii»was then altered. I went
Cook to bis pen, saw the row, told him I believ'd lK*r to «
keep her, andiet no
*et inr know wl
upper slope in each — .
delucc. This cow had on the above brawl in two plac
tbe cushion above the hip. and on the bulge of UH^belly ;_11h?
tr. the brand was called J, awl f
e cushion above the hip. and on the bulge of the belly; the
r slopes appeared plain in the ears, notwithstanding the al
teration that wus inadeln her mark. I here insert the way her
mark was altered, to w it: acTopamlumlerbit in each
sard nothing in saying said cow was mine, and tlwt I
>r to any person whatever. The cow long since died—her in
ease I have sold to II. C’**ok awl D. Knap, Ksqs.of Telfair coun-
, ut a fair price. 1 have thus set down my mark and brand, and
any person will give me satisfactory iniormation
.vAtu-e the mark was altered, to such pe.-von *
in addition to the price for w bich 1 sold said
Value of (fie South to the Union.—Th« f«tt-
tvhich we shall disclose to our readers, on tliissul)
ject may appear to he incredible. Let it he re
membered, however, that they are founded on the
very best authority and come to us sanctioned by
the first men in the Southern States.
We are the more readily induced to enter upon
this exposition, from tbe circumstance that it.
the last Journal, we made the remark, that our
Hreat staple article of produce,(meaniog thereby,
thecotton and rice of the Southern State?,) ns.
the souice, >ot only of our individual wealth, but
also of half the wealth of the nation. This re
mark, we are apprised, has been somewhat star
lliaR to some honest persons, who are not much
i* the habit of examining into these matters.—
They do not understand, and cannot well conceive
hmv these staple articles are the source of buff
the wealth of the nation Let them attend care
fully to what follows arid if they are not entirely
convinced of the propriety of our remark, wt
will be content to admit, that we have failed to
explain to others what appears to us to be as clear
as any demonstration io Euclid’s Elements.
Individual wealth, maybedeflntd, in general
terms, to be. the possession of things having real
rend intrinsic value.—Now before these tilings ca.i
be possessed, (he individual must have something
to give, in exchange for them:—moat men begin
with an exchange of their labor, either bodily or
mental, for them. Thus, if a farmer, for the
sake of example, has nothing which is the result of
his own industry to dispose of to others, he cannot
honestly become possessed nf those things having
value, which others may have, and he may want.
In other words, if he makes nothing on his farm
to sell, he cannot buy any thing. And on th-
other hand, tbe more he makes for sale, the m ire
he can purchase, and the more his individual
wealth is increaBrd. These considerations are
obvious—so obvious that it would be uselesa to
repeat them, but for tbe application hereinafter to
lie made of them.
National wealth ia usually held lo consist 01
i he aggregate wealth of all the individuals com
posing the nation. But as we UBed the terms, in
the remark which is now the subject of discus
sion, we held them to mean no more than thi
revenue derived, hy the government, from diitic.
levied on importations. Taking the terms, thi n,
even in this sense, the very obvious consideration-
we have urged on the subject of individual weabh
will apply strictly here also. For it must be evi
dent to every one, that just as an individual, who
sells nothing from the productions of his fa-m
can buy nothing, ‘o likewise, n nation that exports
nothing, ran import nothing. And it is equally
ev'dent tl at the more a nation exports, the mon
it ran import. Now the revenue of our govern
ment, being chiefly derived from taxes levied on
imports, it follows, that when nothing is imported
no revenue is received, hy the government, from
that source; and that when importations are
large in amount, tho revenue must be large in p o
portion ; and of consequence, that the wealth ol
the nation, in the sense wo used the term*, must
he augmented in thp like proportion.
Now this national wealth, depending ilirerily
upon the amount of importations, and the ancon
of importations depending immediately upon tin
amount of exports, it follows that it' any o, ■
State of our Union should furnish articles lor ex
port, either in raw produce, or in a manulactoi
ed statu, to a larger amount than another, tha
State may be said to furnish a larger propnrln '
nf the revenue of the government and of course,
nf the national wealth, than the other:—and so o
any number of States, taken together, and con -
pared with the rest > f them. It matters not a'
what port tlie importations are made; they de
pending on the exports that are made in cxchani e
for them, those States which produced the article-
exported must,of right, (lain a credit for
revenue arising ultimately front these exports
wheresoever i* may lie collected. These thing,
are too obvious to be disputed.
Let u» test 'lie soundness of the assertion un
der review, by the conclusions we have just ae
rived at. We will take the year 1818, as most
suitable to our purpose, because then the whole
country was prosperous, and subjected to perhap'
fewer embarrassments, than at any time eithe
b, fine or since. In the statistical tables of Wa 1
tersun and Van 7, :ndt, as quoted by Mr Senht. i
Smith of South Carolina for a different purpose
in his last speech on Internal Improvement, we
lind the following statement.
The ten Atlantic States Nurth, in
cluding Delaware, exported during
the year 1818 to the amount of gi5,240.338
The Slates of S. Carolina and
Georgia alone exported 522,161,349.
These statements embrace only the artual ex
ports to foreign markets, from the States resper
lively included in them, without regard to the plar -
where I he articles exported were produced. Bui
let it he recollected how much nf the cotton an>:
rice of South Carolina & Georgia are taken coasi
wise lo Baltimore, Philadelphia, New-York, Bos
tnu, &c.and re-exported thence; and also tha'
the amount of these exports coastwise is de
dueled from the real amount of the exports of
these two States, and added to the amount of the
exports of the cities beforementtoned. Let thes
fuels be duly considered, and the conclusinn is n
resistible, that the two little States of South Car
nlina and Georgia, really furnish exports, amount
icg altogether, to more than all the exports of a
the ten Atlantic States North of us.
I.et this view of the subject he extended to th*
whole union. By reference to the same work of
Watterson and Van Bandt, before quoted, it ap
pears that, in the same Tear, 181V, all the states
sod territories, in the Union, except Georgia arid
Sooth Carolina, exported articles amounting t*>
the sum of $47,692 088
South Carolina and Georgia expor
ted in that year, the amount of 22.i6l.349
* - ^ O'ft'-
tivation io the states of Mississippi, Louisiana,
Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, and cveo Vir
ginia. It is true the productions of the other
slates in the union have enereased in quantity
also. Yet - he relative proportion between them
establ'shed for the year IBlb, will, il is believed,
be found to be pretty near the same for any other
year intermediate between that and the present;
excepting always the reduction that has been
made in the value nf the productions of the South
by the operations of thi blessed “ American Sys
tem.”
In proof of wbat is here asserted, we have col
lected the following facts, from a statement, made
out at the Treasury Department of the U. States,
hy Joseph Nourse, of the commerce of each
State and Territory, from the 1st October, 1826,
to September 30, 1827.
The total amount of domestic pro
duce exported in that time was 558,921,691
Of this all the cotton growing States
and territories exported 530,684,042
And all the other States and territo
ries. exported 28,236,829
The two little states, So, Carolina and
Georgia, alone exported 12,450,360
We make no comment on this exhibition of
facts and their consequences, farther than to ex
press the hope that these fact? io their consequen
ces may be treasured up in the memory of every
true Georgian, there to become the subject of
daily meditation:—lhat hence, our people will be
led to places higher estimate on their own impor
tance, that of their own litllc state, as well as that
of the southern stales collectively in the scale of
the union that they will form a more accurate
notion of the immense magnitude of the interest*
which are sought to be sacriflced, by cutting off
our intercourse with foreign nations;—and that
hence, towards this accursed Tariff, its advorates,
their aiders, their abettors, and ever) thing con
nected in the remotest possible degree, either
with them or with it. their opposition may be
come unceasing and their enmity inextinguisha
ble, except by the absolute and unconditional re
peal of all the Tariff acts that have been passed
since the .year 1816.
j.ily
DUNCAN Mr RAF.
of
lilt* pcoplo
4IA of July at Pleasant Grove, Ijinry C'ounly.
On Saturday the 71 ft of June, a number of the
citizens met at the Cabins, in order to make ar
rangements for the celebration of the 52d Anni
versary of oor National Independence.-—/!. J.
Williams was railed to the Chair, and proceeded
to nominate a committee to appoint officers for
the approaching occasion. The committee elect
ed McCartu, Chaplain, but he resigned in favor
of the Rev’d. Mr. Manly—Miles Starborough was
appointed Reader of the Declaration of Indepen
dence—Dr. IV. W. Burch, Orator—Col. Stricklin
was appointed President—and David Johnson, V.
President— G.' Gi ice, Dr. Porbes, and Miles Scar
borough, were appointed tu draft regular toasts to
be drunk at the eelebratiou.
At about half aft* r 10 o'clock on the day, in a
beautiful grove, fronting Mr. McCarty's dwelling,
a procession was formed, and led hy the Militia ol
this district, under the command of Capt. T. Har
ris, proceeded to the Academy. The Itev’d Mr,
Manly made an appropriate prayer, after which
tire Reader and Orator proceeded in suitable or-
IC.h.'iOaacrit Lafayette—Hit life devoid! to t ;„l der, at the end of whose sen ices platoons were
fired.
STRAYED from tire Snbscri
brr’« plantation in Hancock county, five t f—
oUt Ml’I.r.H, nf tue tuttowluc description t»
sorrel borti- Mule' : three tilin'', •nt* a »orrel t
. and the other two dark hay*. One ot the hor«e
orked a little. Any information respecting the
above will lor thankfully received, ami the favor will be cheerfully
reciprocated, should an opportunity present.
in <W»b.
Sparta, Hancock county, July ?l-~3t
HOBKHT W. ALSTON.
XK
STRAYED or Stolen from the
Commons of MUtalgevUle, on the 9th inst.
HAY IIOKSK, about five feet hi|th, rather Ufht
form,'mall *- L 1 * * r L -
rr* .penty and happiness of freemen, let tlie .un uf
b'< iled,uing (lays go down in peace and splendor.
111 lb. Our fuir country women—D.mirguishcJ fur
ttieirbeauty and virtue*.
VOLUNTEER TOASTS
Be the President—Tlie late order «1' tiro Secretary
•' 'Vc*, f.i’hs server nf a u'.l -uad. t cural throeeb
A prucesrion was again I'ormi d, at tins Acade
my, and marched to the Arbour, under which
w.is spread, hy Mr. McCarty, a suitable dinner,
served up in genteel style. A number of cili
.:eo.', together with the militia, sat down to table
Hfld purtcV lltrnjni'.u.W rf t|;o rich r:-p-'
hi.'forehead, hind ft
liitc spots on hi' hack, Ioiik tail,
I year*old"M'rin* I«ut. Any p«H>on who will fire Mich informn
tion to the Editors, at w ill cause vaid Horse to he found, bhall be
huitakhly rewarded for their trouble. july 21
J ASPER County, Georgia, Clerk’s OfHee
of the Inferior court, July ?, 1R28— In obedience to the laws
of this State, for the foveriimrnt ol* free prison* of color, the lol-
lowiiif persons have caused their name* to 1h» regUtered in uur
office. If no exception* are filed thereto within the time prescri
bed by law, certificates w ill issue to them accordingly.
Willey Hick*. .'I year* of age, native of Cieorsia, residence Jas
per county, -l year* in iJeorgin, by occupation* blacksmith
John t’ou'intv, 2J>ear* of age, native of North Carolina
deuce Jasper county, 24 years in Uenrgia, by occwnttinn a black
smith. A true copy from the n^rd, j*, ^ON^
july 21
G EORGIA, Jusper county- Peyton R
t'lements applies for letter* of administration <
f Allen Clements, late of said county, dec’*..
r hand this 14th day of July. 1828.
A. K- BITI1 \ WON, V. T O.
^JEORGIA, Putnam county.
Reuben
Watson applies for letters of admini
of June Jackson,late of said county, deo’d.
And Caleb Spiv*) applies for letters ot administration on tbe
estate of Mnllsr Spivey, latent said county,dec’d.
Thi* is therefore to cite the kindred ami creditors of said dec’d.
to \w h»hI appear at my office, w ithin the time prescribed hr law, tu
shew cause. If any they base, why saiJ letters of administratien
shvadd not begrautrd. , , , ...
Hium under try bund this Tth day of July, 1529.
ru in v. rfes,c. c. u
Leaving a balance of $25,530,739
That is, the state of South Carolina and G*-ur
gia, alone exported, in the year 1818, article'
amounting to upwards of 22 millions ; while alt
the othe.r states and territories of the union, * x
ported only somewhat more tbao 25 millions
pver and above the exports of these two state* :
o that they come within a little morn than one
million of exporting half as much, as all the rest
of the states and territories put together.
But if wc take frum the amount of the exports
of all the other states, the amount of produe*
which was exported from these two stales coast
wise, anil odd it to their 22 millions, lo which it
properly belong?, *ve shall find I hut these two lit
tie, unimportant, restless, disci ntented, facliuus,
turbulent, rebellions states, as they are politely
called by tile Tarifliles—Gaines called Georgia a
little, demagogue slate—having together, hut 16
representatives, out of £13, in the popular branch
of Cungrevs, really exported more than one half as
much as all the other states and territories put
together.
What then is the inevitable rnnsequence of
this state of facts ? Why, clearly Si incontestiblv,
this:—that the two little states nf South Carolina
and Georgia, in tbe year 1818, furnished the na
tion with tbe means of purchasing more than one
half of the a tides which wore that year brought
in'o it from fordgn markets:—that the great
staples which these two little states exported thus
became the source of more than half the revenue
the government derived from taxes imposed on
foreign goods and, taking the revenue uf the
gov* rnmrnt derived from this, and all other four
res together, lhat it is entirely vvi’hin the bound*
»f reason and probability to say that these ani
rles are the source of half the revenue, or wealth
af the nation.
These things are written ef (his country, be it
• emi • bored, with reference to its condition in
1818. Since that lime the quantity of the pro
ducts for ,xport peculiar to the South has been
ereatly enerciffed, by the extension cf their cul-
T e Milledgevitte Hi solutions—New that life
fiery indigt anon of th. Southern people is kin
dled against the l ate Tar.ff. and its advocates, wc
ire sory to find that some honest men, and true
patriots, but too timid and over cautious, enter
tain doubts as to the constitutionality of one of
the most t ffectoal measures of rodress that has
hi-n proposed. Tliat measure is developed in
the 3,1 resolution adopted hy the Milledgevillc
meeting on the 3d of the cuirrnt month. It is
posed hy that resolution, that our legislature
should pass an act, imposing taxes amounting to
prohibition on all the productions and manufac
tures of the Tariff Slates. Now this, it is appre
bended by some persons, our legislature cannot
do, without violating the federal constitution.
Our opinion is just the reverse of this. And
the measure proposed, we imagine, may be sue
essfully defended, and effectually sustained, on
the great principle of self defence. Such do we
conceive to bp the present de«ig"s and ultimate
in'entions of the friends of the Tariff, tlie nature
of the operation, and the disnstrous character of
the effects of th* Tariff itself on the inleii st and
the prosperity nf the southern stales, that if ever
• ca°e existed in which thi great law of -cl
in enervation could be brought into operation, thi
is that case. And this law being supreme over
every human law, whether pa taking uf the char-
nclei of ordinary legislative enactments, or hav
■ ng the higher and more solemn sanction of enn
stilutionnl prescription, all others, constitution and
every thing else, must yield to it—“ S.-ff defence,
ayi Blackslone,) as it is justly called the prima-
v law of nature, so it is nut, neither can it be, in
fact, i ken away, hy the law of tnciety.”
Moreover the proposed measure may be bus
tained and defended fully and * ffeciunlty, by the
argument (if we have a correct recollection of its
import) contained in the Report of the special
Committee of the Senate of South Carolina,
made last winter, on the subject of state rights.
In 'his report it ia proved clearly and unanswera
bly, if we err not, that to tbe state legislature alone
it belongs to restrain Congress, whenever they
shall believe that it passes the boundaries of its
prescribed powers.
It may also be defended, ns we conceive, on
tbe ground that the legislature has the right, hith
erto unquestioned, and is in the practice of exer
cising that right every year, to levy and collect a
municipal tax, upon all the pri perty of its citi
zens which may bn found within the hounds of
its jurisdiction. Houses, landB, negroes, merrhnn-
r' ; se of all sorts, are subject to this tax. l'ed
'tire Hre taxed heavily—and the avowed object of
the tax was to prohibit their coming among us—for
the privilege of travelling over the slate to sell
their sauce pans, pepper boxes and blowing horns.
Now it may, we conceive, be very fairly conten
ded, that if tbe legislature have the right to tax
bean articles at all, and to make, us it does, a dis
-rmination between them, it has the right to tax.
-vt-n to the amount of prohibition, any part or
ipeeies of this propel ty, whenever it is mixed up
with, and has become a part of, the property of
the country ; for there is no prescribed limit to its
■ towers in this regard that we know of;—and that
the exercise of the right to levy this municipal
tax, in contradistinction to imposts, cannot inter
fete, in any w ay, with the constitution of the Uni
ted States.
Though the measure proposed in tbe 3d of tl.c
Milledgeville Resolutions, is, we conceive, prop
erly and incontrovertibly defensible, on cither of
these ground?, yet we will not now press them in
to service ; believing, as we do, lhat every doubt
and scruple, that can exist in (he mind of the
most timid, may be easily removed by other con
siderations ; and that too, without doing violence
to any of their preconceived opinions of the na-
tuie and character and bearing of those parts of
the constitution which are supposed to have re
lation to it.
We begin then with the assertion in the broad
est possible terms, of the doctrine, which wt
hold to tie incontrovertible, that Congress has no
to power whatever,—no, not even the shadow of
1 shad- of power—under the constitution, to pass
laws laying prohibitory duties on foreign articles,
thereby cither to encourage or to protect domestic
manufactures. And to prove, beyond the pnssi-
•ility of a doubt, that Congress has no such pow
er. we appeal to the hi-tory of the formation and
adoption of tlie constitution. In that, the fact is
tiroadly and distinctly stated, that holhon the Ittih
and 20lh of August, propositions were mt.df in
the General Convention to give Congress the ei-
press power to promote manufactures, and both
were rejected. Now this fact alone, fs for us
enough We want no other proof. It is worth
all til- labored arguments, and fine spun specula
tions, on tbe subject f implied powers, and all
that sort of stuff, that can be written from this mo
moot, even to th*- • nd of eternity, if we may so
speak. Congress. ih**n has not the power, to pro
tect manufactures by prohibitory duties;—and
hence it follows that whenever Congres passes a
law imposing such duties for such a purpose, it
stands, before God and man, just as guilty of a
gross infraction of the constitution, as if it were
to pass a law that the President shall hold his of
fice for life, and his eldest son after him. We de
fy Mr. Webster, Judge Marshall, and the whole
h ist of constitutional hair splitters, that now live,
or shall live hereafter, to avoid, by any thing like
fair, candid, and honest reasoning, this palpable in
ference. It is perfectly immaterial what laws
may have been passed by the first, the second, or
the third Congress, on the subject of manufac
tures The fact of the passage, of such laws is
not worth a straw in the argument. For it does
not prove that Congress had the power to pass
them. All that it does prov e, if it provesany thing,
is that fromtbe weakness and inconsistency, nr the
corruption and perfidy of poor human nature,
those who made the Constitution one day, impi-
oiixly violated it the next.
But tho power to encourage and protect the do
mestic industry of the country, must exist some
where—Where then does it exist?—The Slates
have the power, to encourage and protect manufac
tures, not only on the general ground, tha* all potv
ers, not expressly granted to Congress, are re
served to the States, hut also, on the ground that
there is inserted in the constitution, out of abun
dant caution, on express relinquishment, to the
Slates, of that power.
These ar*'the doctrines we hold on this sub
ject, and which we trust we shall ever hold.
They are doctrines which we would be glad to
see universally prevalent; because, in that preval
ence, wc believe we would have one sure ami
certain guarantee of the perpetuity of our glori
ous republic. They are drawn from much re
flection on the subject, aided hy all the lights wc
have been able to collect; not the least of which
by far, is tbe admirable essays of Brutus, publish
ed last year, in South-Carolina under the title of
“The Crisis”. From these essays we make co
pious ex'racts, which will be found to contain close
reasoning, and great originality of thought on the
very sub|ect the 3d of the Milledgeville Resolu
tions. Let what follows be read over and over
again, for no one, at a slight glance, can appreci
ate its excellence.
From the Crisis.
“ We do not find io the proceedings of the
Convention the word “ manufactures,” or any
motion relative to the encouragement of them
until tho Kith of August. The Convention hav
ing, at that time, disposed of moBt of tlie clauses
in the reported Constitution, as far as tho end of
the enumerated powers, many additional powers,
were, on that day, proposed to be vested in Con
gress. Amongst them, was a power “ to estab
lish public institutions, rewards and immunities,
for the promotion of agriculture, commerce, tra
des, and manufactures.” Anothi r proposi
ti'n was made on th* 20th August, for a Council
of State. The duty of the secretary of domestic
affairs, was to attend tu the stale of agricul
ture and manufactures and to recomeud such
measures and establishments as might tend to
promote such objects.” Both of the above prop
ositions having failed wc might reasonably con
clude that tbe Convention refused to give to Con
gress the power to prnmott domestic manufac
tures as well as internal improvements. But it is
nut from the mere failure to have these rlauses in
serted in the Constitution that we would Infer a
clear and unequivocal intention, that to the States
alone was to be left, the regulation of the different
branches of internal industry.
“ The above propositions, were referred to the
committee of detail, together wilt* sundry ntheia;
after many partial reports whicli did not affect
this subject, on the 5th September, thecommilteo
“reported further and finally” recommending al
terations and additions, in five instance?. The laat
is to insert this clause. “To promote the progress
of Science and the useful arts, hy securing, for
limited limes, to authors and inventors, the exclu
sive right to their respective wiitings and discov
eries” Tlie above clause “ to promote the
progress of science and the useful arts” was. as I
conceive, a report of the grand committee against
manufactures.
•• I nm not conscious that in any exposition of
the Cnnslilution, this rlausi; has been relied on as
restraining 'he power of Congress on tbe subject
of manufactures. In rav view, it is very impor
tant. It is important, if considered in the, ab-
stract, but when taken in connexion with the a-
hove proceedings uf the Convention, I do regard
it as conclusive
“ And first, let os consider the clause as it stands
in the Constitution. What dues it amount to?
It is a power to promote science and the useful
aits. What are the useful art.?? They are those
arts or occupations which are larrii d on with a
view to profit in contradistinction lo such ns arc
pursued for pleasure, which are called the liberal
or polite arts. Are manufactures to he classed
among the useful arts ? Throughout the civilise- tl
world, agriculture and manufactures stand at
the head of the useful arts.—All men musl as
sent to this. Hi re then is a clear powei vested
in Congres hy the Constitution, to promote agri-
rultuio and manufactures Bui, is it a gi nernl or
limited powrr ? Il is a limited power, llovv is
it limited? It is limited inasmuch as the inode
hy which these arts are to be encouraged, ia not
left to construction, hut is expressed in words
which have a clear and definite meaning. They
shall promote the useful arts, “ by securing to in
genious men patents for their invention.” Now
if a power to promote a specific object, tty a pre
scribed mode; does not exclude the power to
promote it by a different, or other mode, there is
no truth in the. law maxim, “expressio unius est
excliisio alterius.”
“The grant of the power in question is, what
lawyers would term an affirmative pregnant, that
is, an affirmance of one thing, and a denial of an
other ; an affirmance of the power of Congress to
promote the progress of science and the arts by
patents and copy rights, and a negation of their
authority to encourage them in any other way.”
“ Three clear propositions result from what
has been said. 1st. That there was an attempt
made in the Convention to give Congres-power to
promote science, agriculture, and manufactures.
2dly. That a committee reported a specific pow
er for that purpose, to he added to thn-e already
enumerated—which report was not agreed to.—
And, Sly. That an express provision was mode, to
protect these objects, but only tu a limited extent.”
— Crisis, pp. 04 58.
There is still another view of this question wbieb
the same writer presents with great power.
“It appears by the acts of the Convention tliat
though it was deemed tmadvisnble to entrust Con
gress with a power to promote any great local in
terest of particular States, yet, that it teas consid-
ered, that there would he a manifest impropriety
in depriving any one State whicli might choose
to encourage its own manufactures, of the means
of doing so.—The usual mode hy which domes
tic manufactures are encniirngrd, we all know, is
hy premiums, pecuniary bounties, and piohibito-
ry duti-s; but all other modes are inexpedient
and inefficient when compared with prohibition.
If Congress could not lay prohibitory duties ex
cept for the general purposes of the Government,
and the States could not impose them, to protect
manufactures, one great motive to the Union
would have been defeated, whicli was, '.bat the
Slates should not, as regarded their internal rela
tions or their power to regulate their own industry,
he in a worse situation than before. Hence, it be
came necessary that the States should not he de
prived of the power of laying prohibitory duties
for tbe conv enience of their impoits. or exports, or
fortht purpose of protecting their own manufac
tures. When, therefore, thatclau?cin the Constitu
tion came to lie considered, which rrstrirts the
States from laying duties on imports or exports,
the subject of manufactures directly came into dis
cussion.”—Crisis, p. 58.
After many proposition and efforts to amend
and alter, on the 15th September, the clause waa
finally agreed to, as follows:
4< No State shall, without the ronsent of Gowtres*, lay any jm-
nokis or untie' on import' or ex|M>rts except what iuuv he ub.'o-
lutely neces-sary for executing its inspection laws; and the nett
produce of ail duties and impost' laid by any Stale, on fimuoi t*, or
ex ports,'hall be for the use of the Treasury of the I’nited State*,
and all such laws,shall be subject to the revision and control of
the Congress."
“ Were an hundred men (continues our author)
to rend this clause in the Constitution, I would
venture to say. that ninety and nine fora while
would be igi.oranl of the true design of its intro
duction. Abstractedly considered, it is inex
plicable, and to me and perhaps to others, would
have remained so, had not the subject of domes
tic manufactures come into discussion. Tho de
sign nf this clause is now at once seen. A sat
isfactory explanation is instantly within nur reach.
It was inserted, for the purpose of enabling such
States as were desirous of protecting their own
manufactures, either hy export duties on their
raw materials, or hy imposts on foreign fabrics in
troduced in their limits, to do so, with the con
sent of Congress. No other solution is admissi
ble. If this was not the intent of the provision,
I defy the Supreme Court or any expositor to ex
plain it. In any other view, it is an useless and
a stupid clause of the Constitution.
" But let us hear Luther Martin, bitterly com
plaining to his own State, of the total injustice, in
his view, of this clause. “ By this same section,”
says he, “ every State is also prohibited from
laying imposts or duties on imports and export^
without the permission of the General Govern
ment. It was urged by ft?., that there might bo