Newspaper Page Text
,.j 4 Tl.i» ritv i« •iiusti'rt «ii <i«»*' Journey
U-Ar«wan *'".* . ’ nit 1( cinporpun ol
w the non', ofl rim* .nd V-
llio ml' w,,|jh '* ,e,| on end ivmIm» » 1,:l 1 h "
“iSKJ there continually
burning wind ortho ® I ||(irth nndnmv-
ISSSiSJrSJS^ -r-."™"
F.l-Arawno , in the Uiraciion (»f
K ™ n t} “Tho rTir ontrly comp... ,1 'd quirk
"• " „r tock* of grey quaitz nprinkled wuli
**, n ‘* ""ani rtwo monllit' "travelling nnd the nj«»l I j. )|nw fluc |, . Tn |umo wee in existence, lin.l much less
,liui renting privation* in thin horrible dexort, would 1 litvo nxpecled (if it did oxikt,) to liave fuumi
i TailUr whence | pawed on to i IL.nU Store lirrn. (Mv first imnwgaion wus tllflt
DOMESTIC.
IUtracts of a Utter to the Editors of the Savannah
Georgian, dated
41 Washington, i>oc Id, 1828.
“ Gentlemen A few da)* ago, I visited the Book*
«tor«» of Mr. V.'Uey Thompson of this place. Wliilo
cMijwgrd in examining lome new works, Mr. Thomp
son mill’d rnv attautiufi to a lar*<* iiiaiiu*cript volumo,
containing much vulunbln and interesting matter in ro
tation to tho Colonial History of Georgia. I did not
Hemp may lie produced in great quantities, the toil I tew cast's could the “ ex ruajort cautcla
and climate is said to be both congenial lo its growth . wi' li toot e claim to respect
and preservation
Tile niersagn alludes, in conclusion, to the subject
which lias been broached in various other places.
the mode of electing tho President and Vice Presi
dent of the United States, which the Governor think-
should he uniform, and that the election should h
by the people, thus preventing the necessity of throw
mg this important duty on the House of Representa
tives.
occur
,r,TMT.fiior. .hence
STdlVVl^M*Debipo'r.r/vvc C»n...l of 1'inc. ,
whumnvulori^n^Mh^vory ll.mg thnt «,y
required. Shortly after I embarked In a "rbmmer n
which 1 miled to Toulon, vtbero I »m *><>•» >" n bl "‘
v)f converter nee "
from the Aogto Irish, a new ffocrl. . * ft volumes
DISTINGUISHED living IRISHMEN.
• About thi* hour in the morning, »ir. Mid
waiter, netrangor might bonmmed by having P“'
out to him differom temarkehln gontlcmon who pus
"■?$&'esscssrzsrsu.......
repaired to the window. Am* )ou an hnMwnmun.
continued Gerald, Imping thnt he might find in Ins de
enrous attendant a man who bad acquired respectable
liabits and doincnnor out of Ireland, tho much rosi
dcnr.e in Dublin would account for his accent.
* My native place is Knockballochery, in tho Coun
ty Kerry, eir,'—Gerald wo’ndered.
4 Well ran vou see any body, yet ?•
4 1 think 1 can. sir please to look at that tall lusty
gentleman, with the Oxford grey suftout, but wide &.
open at tho breast, mid with the quaker-likn hat, and
the healthy, good humoured face, and his eyes cast
down, thinking, and the umbrella lying along hti arm
Ue that walks so firm «nd stout '
<I have kirn lio may bn some fainou-* Priest.
1 A friend to them sir. That's Counsellor Dan.'
Indeed ! end now goira to sotnn law courts"
4 Ves, sir . to tho Four Comte. See how the peo
ple turn to look nfter him, sir, nnd then smile at each
oilier as they pass , they like to see him walking so
bravely along with bis broad shoulders and his full
breast ; nnd’ tis thought bo likes to bo semi by them,
stepping over the flags of Dublin, throueli thick and
thin, friends and loos ; fi-r ho could go in his earriago
to the Four Courts every day if lie thought fit, sir-
look. sir, here it comes close after him '
< 'f be grern nun, with tho grueti coachman, nnd
«recn harness ribbons ?
«• Yes, sir; end he’d havo the horses green if ho
Could ”
“ Pray assist me, again *,—l linvo my rye I think,
upon somo other popular rharactnr, lor tho people
turn to look after him, too ; though lio is so different
:» figure(Vom Mr. O'Cnnnel. I mean tho low, slight,
littlo gentleman, who walks so rapidly, jerking his
arms, and pushing out hi* under lip so often, and
whose complexion is so bilious, and whoso nose is ra
ther short and cocked, and- n*»w that he happens to
Took up--whoso eyes nro bo dark, and lino, and ex
pressive ?'*
41 You’re right, sir ; that’s Mr. Shiel •*
44 Ay! he is overtaken, now, hy n veiy laige par-
sDO, who carries his head very high, and weur* his
clothes vorv loose, and lias whiskers, ami has n pro
fusion of shirt collar and bears a huge slick, or club
on his shoulder—is ho any one of oote ?"
44 Indeed, and lie is, sir 1 Counsellor O'Gorraan, the
secretary, no leu "
“The Secretary !• -what Secretary !
“ Oftlio Catholic board, Sir."
*• Well, and that other gigantic gentleman who now
meets him and Mr. Shiol—who is bo f"
44 II i* a lucky morning for you. Sir; sure lio is Mr
T.neas McDonnell, that bunts the Biblical* over the
country, and gives thorn no race or pace ; when lie's
on his legs, it would bo no easy thing to make him sit
down, Sir, against his liking, as you may pursave, and
ho knows that well "
44 Sco! the tin no gentlemen are passed by another,
who by the expression of Ins countenance lo them
does not seem a friend ?"
44 Do you moan that gentleman with tho broad rod
filce, Sir black coat and waistcoat, yellow leather
broechos, top boots, spurs and a heavy whip in bis
hind ?"
44 The stme ’
“Then yon aro right again Sir ; its the Ret. Sir
Uurcourt Lees, that call* himnolf commander-in-chief
of ilia Orangemen and offered himanlf yesterday in
tho papers aa hangman to tlio same gontlemnn you’ro
after seeing pass by "
“ A m**• •in NUugi'triur," iftwngcii eiimii ,
" what a society 4 wbatpa.ipla! what a Baronet! what
« oiargyaiM !
“ Sut no ons asiadt poor little Sir ifarcourt, he'*
Only oraekad a little, and hasn't a bit of heart in him
after all. Wow sir, ba one worth looking at : the
porple faced old gentleman that get* such n shaking
the back of that rough coated old liorso, betiding
lot wards and dropping hi* jaw so much, and followed
by a servunt If aver you heard of ifie plensantest
•fudge in the Four Courts, there is, sir—old, Lord
IVorbury.’ 4
“ Pray glanca tljo other way, sir, after air liar
vonrl Lee*—Ini stops at tlm corner of a street a good
way* of)’, to shake hands with a gentleman-quick
nnd tell nto if you know his friends—but thoy both
futn op that creos-rtroet, now ’’
it in n Book Storo bore. My first impression was that
I had found an invaluablo iuuteri.il, for the compe
tent historian- Hut, upon further examination, I did
not find so much, that was new to me, us I expected
— Moreover, upon enquiry, I ascertained, that this vo
lume hud been aeon yonr* ago, by intelligent gentle
men from Guotgiu. Therefore, the value of the dis
covery lemoned in my estimate However, I this day
availed myself of the opportunity of examining the
volumo morn minutely. I havo no doubt of it* gen
uineness It contain* u very ample uccount of all tlio
principal transaction* of tho Company, to whom tho
Colonial Charter of Georgia, wns first granted,
from the year 173‘J, to the surrender of tho Chnrtui in
the year, (if I mistake n6t,) 1754. Whollior the facts
contained in this volume, liaro been known lo the
historians of Georgia, lain unable to say—I howo
vet, incline strongly to the opinion they have not.—
Would it not be gratifying to every Georgian, to sen
this volume added to the archives of our Stale. Its,
present estimated value is $100. It is a lurgo vnluyie
a penmanship of tlio most superior record hand, of
a lust century.
It is said I hi -> volume was formerly tho property of
[/Vom Ihc Hartford Times.]
Tin* following letter IVom tin* Pont Master (»»*
nnral, addressed lo a Post Master in this vicinity
was handed to us for publication, and may give
information to some connect* d with the transpnr-
ta’ion of tnaih.
Uvnernl Tost Office, t
10th December, 1C2H $
S?n—The Mail mint not in any rase vvh;it« ver
lie in the custody of a colored person. I fa colored
person is employed to lift the mad from the t,! n*‘
into the piM oflic**, it do»\s n t pass into his cus
tody ; kut the labor is j»«*iformed in the pre • m e
and under llv immediate direc tions of the hit**
person who has it in rust* dy ; but if a col ued
person takes it from o tavern and carries if loni
self to the post ofliee it coin ’s into hi i rust 'd) do
ring the. time of carrying it, which is coolrmy hi
law. f nm very respectfully, your obd’- -••iv*t.
JOHN ML KAN
tho lain Aluxandor Dairy mpl.i, Eso. Ilydrograpltor to
tlm Admiralty, and to thu East India Company.—
At hi* death, his Library was sold at auction, when
tlii* Book wua bought by John Hcott, a Bookseller,
who failed, und nt Inn dcutli, a salo of his effects &c.
ip'. Aic.
If you take no interest in this subject, plcaao to ex
cuse mo for intruding upon your tune.
In the way of politics, I have nothing but what the
public prim* afford "
From tho llalumoro Patriot.
&//»• Expoits—K correspondent of tlm National
Intelligencer, predicts that “ this country will export
the raw maiciial of tins article, within a lew year*
after our nltoutinn is well diiectod to it* culture, to an
exteut somewhat comparative with that of cotton.—
Franco,hejays, imports one third of thu raw materi
al aho manufucturos, and slto would become our best
customer."
There never was so great an inducement to enter
Upon a now subject of Agricultural industry, held out
to any people, ae now invitoe the people of the Uni
ted State* to oniur upon tho culture of Silk. In the
jjrst place, thore in a demand for about seven million
of dollars worth of mumificturod Silk, annually, se
condly. tlio domestic articlo is protected by about UT>
par cent, (in duties and other charges.) on the foreign
articles; and in the third place. Silk <* the most pro
fitable article that can be cultivated by Fariuora. All
that is wanting toward* the fulfilment of the above
writer a prediction, is the general dissemination of a
JvOowlodge of the perfect practicability, simplicity and
otilablones* of the Silk culture—it is a luct, winch
will he, ere long, universally acknowledged,that the
whole process, from the egg of the Silk worm to the
raw silk, »’* within the competency of every human
being clevou'd a single dsgreo above infancy or idio-
icy.
Daring for ttaftrw Bitting fu. - baa biili
i‘rto been attended with so much i'api’o** and
manual labor, that none but titeti o{ ivi *?lllb »
company of uien, were able to procure W;.' tcr > n
4iiia way: attempts of this nature lheiefor<\ h»? •*
bt.«n limited. Enough has b eti done, liowev.'r, to
prove that the fluid may be made to flow out
tibove thJ surface of the earth ut any place deeir
cd. A Mac*: 4 oc ft»r this purpose, t heap and ^iln
JjIc in construclion, has lately been invented and
patented by an ingenious mechanic, Mr. John R
Kailing, o| Frey’s Dush, Mouigommy C'tinly, be
Which the operation of boring is pei lormed wilii
tnucb ease and great expedition. Uy the help of
Mr. Foiling 1 * machine, a work may ha nee m-
polled in a few week u , w liich by any other known
method, it woald r« quire year* lo perform. Tin
•work of penetrating, the hurtles! rock i* done by
one man and u horse only. Tite expense of oti
tuining water in this mty is cotupafu iv ly so tri
fling that it is within the mean* of my » an who
owns a farm, to have a fountain of bring water
tpi g ; og op at bis door.
The la*t Mail from tho West bring* information of
the dea*h of Gnn GEORGE IZARD, Governor of
i!ieTeiiiiuiy of ArUuiibUd. lie died at in* reoiduiioe
at I tile Roi k, on Saturday evening, the 22d ultimo,
after au iline s of about a month, whi*h proceedc«l
JYftm an atiack of the pout
By ibiScveiti. tiicgovernment of the Territory de-
\ alvea, teinpor.trily, upon Robcut Crittkndi.n, the
Secretary *>t ifio Terr..my ; and, being upon tin* spot,
ha ente,ed iinmeJiatelv the discharge of the duties
«.f being Governor. ' Aoi InL Dec. SW
B IEL for Discovery, Relief u*td injtinc-
tioa. in D# V H&k ** :p ri. r*C Mirt, • ictoO r l ,-nn !8 *H.
WilU’iJU Jt. Ah 'a-imm. v ,« ...ii .m Bavi.uk O*.’.
1 T A»»;*«*ar4os IuiIk- *•••!)-■.• j i :e n-nii-in»r vi»»-aa.*. itf. i'ii, In-
re* Ceuut oftLc ivinfy it,- knf.. It 0 a •»« . in tt i -iio
llrt ilefemtauli r nud u —.«* i iLv runipl iPwiiu* tii!!. at U
next Venn of ilu* Uiai ■»* rrice l*e t-i ti.l t»y |iobt»v.
^a:L-, or kt-rvta jm-. j.j’aijr uj>a
thiv-c
i ■>we n moi.tL i
t? i<ff«ndaut*.
A triiee**ru«-t from ftrr :mICJAh 0^.1?^:.
j .W.nfti'k
: ? 'AT. f-lL'
New Youk, D.t. CO.
Counterfeiters Dtltcltd.—Yi Merday, Ml 10* M
c)na(iil)l« Hays, uccumpunied by ILiymoml
thu yuiing. r II tyn, Oi'Hiy Tiuiluan, mid (I.iidhii
mmlft a descent n|inn fh** pruniiipa of Mr. Smilli
D.ivi*, in OiHod -tri'i'l, near C-bi 1 *, under till' iin-
irea.iim »lul Mr. D. and Iiih iiraueiales iverr
* not aa Rood aa they mi^ht he.” On enlerinR III
tioua .Mr. D. waa raid to lie in ihe yard, hut in
ttii. bar room they diacnrrreil Mr CJeorce Wash-
in^ton Taylor, late a resident of the New Vork
alHte prison, and Dr. Fr inc'u Carlisle, who were
firth with taken into coat >dy, and a search of their
persons rnmmeneed. B ith of the gentlemen very
(piii tly submitted to the operation, until on thu
person of Mr. Taylor were discovered three checks
with the signatures of Messers. Mil'* end Minton
alieehed to them. At this Mr. Taylor took
umbrage, drew a dirk, nod made a desperate aa-
aault upon the officer i, but principally upon Mr.
Hiymond, who received three or four stabs
iliruugli hia clotbea nnd would probably have Inst
lii. life, tint for the timely interfeience of the youn
ger Hays.—Teylur’s atlai k was so uneipected
and made with so determined a spirit that he
succeeded in eflVrtir.R hia escape. Davia was soon
afterwards apprehended in the yard and on
searching his house upwards of four thousand dol
lars of counterfeit hills were found. The hills
were chiefly JlO, on the N. Ynrk State Bank.
Albany; tO'son the Kikoin Bank, Maryland ;and
Vs on the Mechanics’ Bank of this city. The
checks f oind upon Taylor wer«“ drawn upon the
Men Itatto’ Bank of this city, and nil well executed
0 had they In eu presented they would uildouht
edly have been paid. The writing of tho clerk
who fills their checks is admirably .miiit.nl, a is
also thBt of the Arm. Davia and Carlisle are
stalely lodged in Bridewell, and we have no doubt
but they will soon lie joined by their comrade,
Taylor—Courier.
[From the Journal of Commerce wo learn that
Davis is a notorious bad fellow, who has It.. n
sent to the state prison fir robbing the mail, from
wliieh place he was nllowcd to rclireon a pardon
from the Executive ]
Jl Pirate Captured.— Capt. Masters, of the
lints Marshall, arrived yesterday in 17 dav- from
Kt Itari*. reiuvrt. Ihut I tin imutu-nl achr i'rdernl.
Capt. \V a it s. kit. was chased into the harbor of
St. B. on the 4th inat. by a British brig of war. the
Commander of which demanded har oflhe Gov
ernor of the Idand, who refused to give her up.—
The Feiteral, having been detected in plundering
Several American vessels, the American Consul
nt St. B. then demanded her from the Governor,
a id was also refused. The U. S. sloop of war
lirit, being then at anchor in tho port, Capt. Ten
NER slipped his cables on the night of the (Ith,
entitle Federal from her moorings, put u priise
c ew on board, and ordered Inr for New-Ymk.
Captain Masters understood thnt the captain of
the scliooner was taken prisi.n.'r.but that the l-t
lieutenant, sailing master, and a number of llt.i
crew escap. d to the shore. When the Marshall
nas twoday. „ut, Capt. M.saw the Erie sloop of
war off Si. Marlins.
It will be observed by Ihe following letter from
Gen. Jackson to his friends in Lynchburg, Va,
in answer to an imrititioin to visit that city in his
w .y to Washington, that the report of his inton
tion to v tit Philadelphia, and remain there until
March, is unfounded.
Hermitage, Dec Otl, 1823.
Gextleuem I have received your letter of
the SJ i Iil imo presenting to me the congratula
tion* of my fiends in Lynchburg and its vicinity,
and Inviting me, in their name, lo puss through
th it section of the country, on my way to Wash
ington, iu the event of my election.
So lively an expression of regard for inv char
icier and aeiviees as that, Gentlemen, which you
have been pleased to convey on this occasion, is
received with every sentiment of respect; Sc I beg
leave to off r, in return for it tho grateful assiir-
inee tti*t j| wool I afford me great satisfaction n
accept tho irivitaiinii were it probable that I could
comply wilh it. lint as I shall fed myself bound
to await the complete ascertainment of tho elec
tion, before I mike any arrangements on the re
-nit ; and then, in the event of 1 y election would
h compelled to take tlio most expeditious route
I order to reach the city by the 4tls of March,
the pleasure of paying you my personal respect,
must he postponed to some future period.
1 pray you to accept for ynui selves, nnd present
to those you represent, tile nssurunce of my res
•ieT' and high consideration, and believe uie, very
simicrr.'v, your obedient servant.
ANDREW JACKSON.
Missouri —TrOIlt Ui* Governor • Messjjn to, (be
legislature of ibis Hate, 'TO gather the following in-
t«'iCHiinj( fact*, which sti^'v i..' 4 ’ mpul increase of pop
ulation, imluRtry, and wc»lt«.’, »*i that section of the
union. In lr•>('», the revenue was $4-*,000 ; it i* now
about $60,000 In July 1820, the *,\ite iSbl w#«
$140,000, it i* now only $73,000. Pape, money,
us it i* called, which at the former ponod, tn tho
amount of $184,000 was afloat, is now redeemed.-
Valuable f ind* havo been appropriatod for the sup
port of ■rhool* It Hpptmrs aixo, that a valuable trade
i* carried on with the intori ol .Mexico, fr.nn whenen
iti exchange mine* a solid curr.ncy in thu ulnpo of
silver dollars, which constitute* a great portion of the
coin in nr'illation throughout the state. Tho Indians
appear to be troublesome neighbours; having ns the
rnes*nge states, nmrdcrod thrro of their citizens, and
plundered other* to tho amount of buiwecn thiry and
fort) tho'csod dollais Besides the trado with Mex
ico. the Mt’ssngo *poak* of another very irnpottani
and increasing one- tho fur trade in and beyond the
rocky mmintaina In this trade it appears, they
sometimes moot with annuyanco from Biitish trader*,
w ho come into tbeir territory, and not unfrcquonlly
quarts with them, end in bloodshed.
The me-*afe stronsly rocoinim’iids tho leasing out
of the lands appropriated for tho benefit of Schools,
in preference lo*e|ling them.
The sum appropriated this year for internal im*
proveiueiit* nr $20,000. Tho great national road
iron* Cumberland, wliii h it is intended to bring on t<
j tiie capital of Missouri, has already reachod tlio Mils
kingu.n. Tho mossitge complains thu Congress In*
! nut vet made m y grants of land to aid tho stale in tin*
j construction of mads. Agriculture will probably he
' t!ic chief orrpupaliott ? r #| t-? inha’ifanrs cf
CONGRESSIONAL SUMMARY.
December 30—fn the S. n i’c yegterd -y. Mr.
Buii.net, from O lio, nnd Mr. Uiplf.i.y. from
Delaware, attended The lull fm th cum.o n-
•wlion of SiiHtm !)• catur, and oiIi-ts, was lead i
third time and tiay-u d. Mr. Sankoiih’b i*^•solu
tion, req tiling tin* Secretary of lh“ Tr. a:n y 1
RHCerlain the proportional v.due of gold mil -iu* <
in relation to each other, L-c. was adopt'd A
short time was spent in the consideration of exe
cutive business.
Among the resolutions ofifcied yeste day in th*
House nf Il*presentHtivos, was one bv 'I Ram
SF.r, of l*enn«) Ivanin, on the nil j* ct of dividing
the public lands among tin* States, and putting
an end to the. varioui olfic-s connected with them
nod also of distrihutinc; the surplus revenue among
the several * States ; but the lions*’, by a large
majority refined tr* cons der the resolution S *-
veral communication^ from the Departm* nt *»'
War E. the Treouury were presented to the H-u «*
U ordered to he printed —The lions** th* n resolv
ed itself into Committee of th*’ Whole on toe -tat*
of the Union, and resumed the consideration *»i
the bill to authorize the occupation of the O
gon river, when the Committee was a dr•
by Mr. Bates of Missouri, and Mr Polk "I
Tennessee, against the hill, and brief]' byM Kv
krett, who supported the hill, Mr. Mitciiki.i.
of Tennessee then expressed a desire to addtes”
the Committee in opposition to tile hil 1 , hut a-> r!i»•
hour of adjournment had arrived, the Commit If**,
on his motion, rose and reported pro.» -, n 1
the House then adjourned.
December 31.— In the Senate, yesterday, th*
hill making appropiLtions for the service of ilic
Government in the first quarter of the year 1U£9
wjis passed. Mr. Foot presented a mem uu)
from sundry inhabitants of Worthington, in the
Slate of Connecticut, praying that the transput'
tation of the mail on the Sabbath may he di-mn
tinned. The memorial was referred to th** Com
mittee on the Post Office and Po t Roads. Th
hill allowing an additional drawback «»»# imported
sugar refined in this country, and * xperted there
from, was taken up und discussed for about two
hour?.
The House of representatives, after di«po-ing
of various rrsolutions which were, submitted
resumed in Committee of the Whole on th**
state of the Union, tin* consideration of th** Ri I
to authorise th** occupation of th* Oregon Terri
tory. M> • Mitchell spoke in opposition tn the
bill, taking pr ncipnlly the ground that it* rem *’e
ness, difficulty of access and sterility, rendered
th*‘ idea of its settlement hy civilized citizens wild
and visionary. Mr. Goriiam succeeded in oppo
sition lo the bill chi* fly on the ground that it
would beinn infringement oflhe Convention be
tween this country and Great Britain entered into
in IBlfl. nnd renewed in 1IJ27 Mr. Richardson
" HiNiahAP r»f fhr Oiiil)inlM»a "litch reported ill*’
bill, advocated it* passage, and went into detail*
to show the validity of our title to tin* Territory
ahont the monla of the Oregon, and to disprnw*
the statements in relation to its sterility. He wa
succeeded by Mr. Drayton, who objected totli-
Bill in its present shape, an*! sttgges ed that a dn
cretion should he vested in the President to tak*
adequate measures for the protection of such cit
iz*’ns as may migrate to this Territory. M
Stuono then obtained the fl >nr, but yielded t
Mr. Polk, who suggest*’d thnt the commitfe
should rise, and he tiiseh irg*u! from the further
consideration oflhe subject. Sc that the hill Himii I
he recommitted with instructions. TheCnmmh
tee, on motion of .Mr. Strong, then rose and iv
ported progress. Mr. Polk then moved that th*’
Committee of the Whole on the state of the U
he discharged from the further consideration of
the bill, and that it be. referred to the Commilt*. ■
on the Territories, (th-* Committee which reaor
led tile bill having ceased to < x sf,) with iestr c-
lions to amend it by introducing a clause *’M"n
ding the jurisdiction of the Court* of Mich’g m !■*
the Territory, nnd also authorizing the sending
out of a po ty of exploration, to survey and make
report oflhe condition and character of the country
Before any question was taken on this motion,
the House adjourned.—[Journal
Nor can it he ini - rr* «i, tha‘ a power lo regulate
trade du«-s n *t inso|ve a power to t »x iI, from
he distinc ion made in the original conlrover*)
m il Great Britain, between a power to regula*.
tr.«d** wi-li the Co nnies, ai d a puw* r f. lax lh» in
A pow* t-» r»-gul.i!o trade he.vs. en d.iT-rent justs
of ih M Empire, was c nfes-eilly metssanj; :> d
was admit** d t<* lie, ns far as that wr-- ll»t* •.
i tin British Parliament; :1m taxing part being at
the-am** fun*- denied to the Parliament, and as
SvTt*d tn he necessarily biherent in lb** L-;*lonial
Legislatures, as si)flicit’nt,and t!i«- only safe dep •
itorit sof th*5 lax 11^ power. So diifirult w.e* it.
nevertheless, to maintain the distinction in one
t cp, 'hat 1 lo* ingi»client of revenue was occaHiir.il)
ovei looked or disregarded in the British regula
tion 4 , as in the duty ou sugar ami moln ,v *es im
(• rt* d into the Co.onicr. Aud it wns fortunate
tha the attenip at an intern I and direct tax, in
the case of th** Stamp Act. pnuhiced n radical
ex itnination nf (lie sulijec? be ore a regul »tioo *•!
trai!** villi a view to r* Venue had grown in o an
»».->*rtlilirhetl au;lmri*y. C>n«> thing at least i - *
tain Mi.it them tin 'inl.olmlle.l .hject nf the Parli t-
m *n;.*iy retculaltons ftiach- with ihe (.'ohuoes,
•vas the encu.i.ag in nt nf manufactures in G.e.it
15 -loin.
But the proven’ question is onconnecled with
Mi<* fintner i»-!:i i • *;.- belwein G:* ni Bii uin " d
h r e 'loiii**-, which tvere of a peculiar, a rono.il -
eated, and, in several re^pecL, of an und* fi n d '
character. It is a simple question under ihc t' n- !
j ilnlion of the United State?, whether “ the pow ,
or to regolat** t ad. with foreign nation'*” a*; a dr- ]
tinet and substantive item in the enumerated
powers ••mhrar»*3 tin* ohjert tifencouriiging by d i
li*'«, re&lrietions an*! pvebibiti ’iv j , tbi* maiutfac*
tmes and product.! of the country ? A«'d the
alfirmative must he inferred from the following
co*oud M ratii*n-*;
1. r J'h meaning of the ply a e “ to regulate
’ trade,” muM he sought in the general use of it;
*»th* r words, in the objects to'whu h th pow. r
w as generally understood to he applicable, whe
the phra-e was inserted in t!ie Constitution.
2. The power lias been understood and un d
by all commerri.il and manufacturing nations, a«
embracing the objet of en o n-ago g manufac
tures. It is believe*! that not a single exreptinil
can be named.
8. This has been particularly the case with
G oat Britain, whoso commerri d vocahuh.ry it
th*’ parent of ours. A primary object of her com
mercial regula ions is w II known to have Ivpii the
protectio > encouragement of her manufactures
4. Such was understood to be a prone - me <*f
til* power hyjthe Stabs most prepared for man
f ictttri g industry, whilst retaining the power over
their foreign trade.
S Such a tne of Mie po ve** t by C ingress, ac
cords with the intention anti xpectatinn «»f the
States, in transferring th** power over trade from
themselves to the G >velement oflhe U. S at. >.
This was emphali, .illy ih** rase in the Baste**
the mots* manufacturing Memh rs <*f the Confe-
de^ne.y. Hear thelanguag* 1 held iu the Convention
**l M .^saebiisetfs.
B) Mr. D 'vi s. an R'lvonnla fur the Cnnslilu ■
l'(*n, i 1 win o*.!.*i-v"tl ■■ Our inan'ifuclurPB nru an
other grunl bulljrct whieli has r.'cnin'd nn enrour-
a^i'inent hy natiniiHl'liiti. K nn f irnisn inanufac
tun ■, and they never can hy any nuthnril} in the
old Cun', deration.” A-ain, “ If we wish tn en-
couragi uur oion manufactures, tn preserve nnr
n.vu enminerce, to l ti-.‘ the value of oui own
li'.ds, we must give Congress the powers in <|<>.
THE TARIFF.
LETTER l
Montpelier, September lft ir.es
Dear Sin: Your late letter reminds me of on
conversation,on tile constitutinna.ily oflhe pown
in Congress to impose a tu'iffr..r the encourage
of manufactures; and of my prunise 'n b]j, tel
the gruunJs of the confident opinion I h d
pressed, that it was among the powers vest, d in
that body. I had nut forgotten iny promise, and
had even begun the task nf fidfiling it; hut f .
qiieet interruption., from n.hrrcau'es, being fnl
Inwrdhya bilious indisposition, I have n t been
able sooner to comply wilh your n quest. T .
subjoined view of Ihe suhjert iniglil ha'eliern a<
vantogeously expanded ; l»K I leave that improve
ment to your own rvfleciions aud researches
The Constitution vest- in Congress, expres-lV.
“ the power tn lay nnd collect t ixos, du'ies, im
posts, and excises j” and “ the pa'’ cr to regulate
trade.”
That the f Tiner power, if not particularly ex
pressed, would have lieen im laded in the latter . s
onp of the objects of a gener;;l power to reguialr
trade, is nut necessarily impugned hy ils being :n
expressed. Examples of tliis sort cannot seme
timrs he ••'isi'y avoided, and ire to he ecu • l-c
wliere in Uu. Constitution Thus the power * t•>
define and pnnisii ofl'ences against (he law n( n i
!!O0S,” includes the pow -'" af;.’vtVird' p*rtie. dai
ly express'd,“• to mike ri;!.-scc„ioriiiu-capture .
&c. from j&'eiiding neutrals.” So a'sa u i -, w.
“ to coin money" w >al I doubtless inch.Jp iha of
“ regulating ils value,” had not the filler pow- r
been expressly inserted. Tho terra taxes, ifstan
ding atone, would ccrtamly havo included duties,
imposts, nnd excises. In another clause it i, said.
” un tax or duties shall be laid nn expurts, fc, ”
He: e I ho two terms hi e used asivnonyuums. An.I
in another clause, w m-e it is said “ nn S’a*e shall
lay any impu.-ts nr duties, f re.' - the tern s imposts
and duties arc synonymous. Pleonasms, t mtnl
egies, It the promiscuous use nf (armsand phra
ses, differing in their shades of meaning, (nlway
to be expounded with reference to the context
and under the control nf the general character
manifest scupo of the instrum, nr in which they
are foundjare to he ascribed, someiiin s to til.
purpose of greater caution ; sometimes 'n the im
pel fections of language, and sometimes to the
imperfection of man himself. In this view of
the s iljpct, it was 1)1110- natural, however certain
!y the general power to regulate trade might in
elude a power toimpn-o il .lies uu it, rut in emit
it in a clause enumerating the reveral modes of
rerenae, authorised by the Constitution. In
By Mr VVidgrey.an opponent! 11 Allwehenris.
that the merchant and farmer will flourish, and
ill it lb.- mechanic and tradesman arc to make I
ihuir fortunes directly, if the Constitution goes!
down.”
I lie Convention ofMassnchiisetts was the only
one in New England whose debates have bee-*
preserved. Hut >t cannot he doubted that ihe
sentiment there expressed was common t > tin
other Slates in that quarter, more especially I
Connecticut and Rhode Island, the most thick!)
peopled of all the Slates, and having, of cnursi’,
thvir thoughts most turned to th** subject of m^n
ufacturos, A llko iofercocD mav he confidently
applied t»* Netv Jersey, whoso debates in Con
vention have not lieen preruaveil. In tho populmi
an I manufictiring St.itu •*( I’ennsylvnnio, ** pai-
tial account only t FI li debate* having ti»*i*n pub
lished, nothing certain is kr.onnof what passed
in her Convention on this point But ample ev
idencp may be found elsewhere, that regulations
of trad**, for the encouragement of manufacture!*,
wen* considered as within (he power to ho gran
ted t.* lh** new Congn’^a us well is within th*-
fl^npe of the national policy. Of the States South
of Pennsylvania, the only ^ in whose Convention*
th*» d h itFS havo h**f’n preserved are V irginia a *1
North Carolina, ind from thus* no adverse infer
one ’s can Im dra**n. Nor is there the slightest
indie ation that ♦ i’her of the two States farthest
South, whose debates in Convention, if preserved,
have riot Inn n mad* publie, G *wed the encour
agement ol ’nan'ifie*tj •('-*, aj not within the gen* r-
<«l paw* r over ti ole tn he transferred to the Gov
•*rnmerit of the U i ed S ates
0 It (long ess have not the power, it h anni
h:lat»'d for the nation; a policy without example
i any other nation, and not with n the reason of
the solitary on - in our own. The. example allud
ed to, is the prohibition of a fax on export j , which
r* s ilf«*(l f' om the apparent impossihillfy of rais
ing, in that mode, a revenue from th" Slates, pro-
portioned t* th** ah lify to pay it—the ability of
somo being deri\ed, in a great measure, no' from
'hei. expoits, h .t from their fidteries from their
freight**, nnd from c unm^rrc *t largo in some of
'is lirnnrhcs id o;**ther **x c*pihI t«» the Unit 'd
S' ltO'-; the pridi s from ell which, being inves
ih!" ***•» intaneihle a**«l, w«»*>ld e**«*spo a tax, on
exprr.a. A fax on imports r*n the orhc- hand,
h**i x a tax on consumption, whieh|is in proporti*m
to <h** ability ot • h•* consumers, -vhonccsoever dor
;vo 1, wa* free from thnt in* quality.
7. If revenue ho tho sol** ohj»*ct of a legitimate
hup ,-< t. and th** encouragement of domestic arti
cle- he not within the power of regulating trade,
it would follow that no monopolizing or unequal
regulations of foreign nation* cmfl.l he counteract
ed; that ti'dthn.r the staph* articUs of subsistence,
'• ' r th** essential implements for th • pubi c «afty,
could, under any circumsfances, h* insured or
fostered at home, hy regtdations of commerce,
tn** usual and most convenient mode of pr«*vi
ding for both ; and that the Ametican navigation.
Tli-’tigh the source of naval defenc-*, of a cheap
ening competition in c trrying our valuahlo and
li dl'.y ariicb-s to nt ii'k«*t, a d of an Independent
carriage-.f them during ft.-rcign wars, \vh *n a tor
oigo nvi\iga 4 i’*n might lie withdrawn, must he at
omc ah unioned, or sp» etiiiy destroye<l : t being
evident that a tonnage dutylin foreign ii'.ir!** ag ti nt
' J > * Vi
lenisd by any of them. And it may ho remark
:*, that Mi mhi r- ir. n. Vupir.ia, in particular, a
well of tile inti-f.‘de ral a* th" lederal party, til
-.arttr- then distingni:hi s thnsc whn hrd "| pi s
ud l.tu^o wh.i hau apprnv <1 the Constilutini).di
in.' Iv "it:n ■ to propose du a ■ and lo sup,s"-t ev
prohitnti' n - in favor of several articles of he: |u.
duefio" 15' one a duty was pronoseil on min*
.1 coal, in favor of th*' Virginia coal pits ; by ai
"other, n duty on h mp was prepnsed. to encotl
age the growth of that article ; and hy a third,
prohihili. II even *.f foreign h* ef was sogg* s*etl, as
a measure ofoonnd poliej*. [Sei I.hiytl’sDehat* s]
A further evidence in support I" the cnnslilu
tinn .1 power lo pr. tect and foster manufactures
hy tegulationsof Ind**, an evidence that ought,
of itself, to settle the question, is the uniform nod
practical sanction given trt Ihe power, hy the ent
(ral Government, for nearly forty years) with
a concuri ence or n< tptiesceoce of every Slate G .'
ernment throughout the same period; and. it may
he added, through all the vicissitudes of part)
wh'ch marked the period. No novel const!tic
tion, however ingeniously d 1 vised, or however
peet.thle and I'U'riotic its patrons, can withstand
the weight of such aollloiities, or the unbroken
current of so prolonged pod oniver-'-l a practice.
And 'veil it is that this cannot he done, vvitl.oiil
the intervention of the same aulhnrily which
made the Constitution. If it cnttld it" so done
there » mild 1)0 an enil tn that stability in Govern
ment. nnd in Laws, which is essential lo good
government and good laws ; n stability, the want
of which is lie imptitati in which has at all time*,
boon levelled against Kepiihliranis n, wilh most
effect, l»y its most dextrous adverser"rs. The im
putation ought never, th relore, to be counten
anced, hy innovating constructions, without to.)
plea of a precipitancy, or a paucity oflhe construe
live precedents they oppose ; without any app*ui'
In tint, rial facts newly brought to light ; and
without any claim lo a hatter knowledge of lit*
original evils and inconveniences, for which re
medirs were needed, the very best keys to tie
trio* object and meaning of all laws und constltu
tions.
And may it nnt be fairly left to (he unbiassed
judgment nf all men of experience and of intel
ligence. to decide, which is most lo he relied on
fora t-und and safe t- st of tile meaning of a Con
slltil'ion, a uniform interpretation by all the si r
c ssive authorities under it, commencing with it*
birth, and continued fora long period, through
the varied state of politic .1 lonlesls ; or the opin
ion of every new Legislature heated as it may
be hy the strife of parties—or warped, as ofte
happens, by the eager pursu t of some favorite
object—or carried away, pns-iivly, hy tile power
ful eloquence or captivating adtli *■ >s of a few po
pular statesmen, themselves, perhaps, influenced
liy tin* same misleading causes? If the latter
test is to prevail, every new legisl tti'e opinion
ini'lit make a new Constitution, as th" f....t ..f
ev iy new Chancellor would make a new standard
of measure.
It is seen, with no little surpiian, that an ar
tempt has been made, in a highly respectable
quarter, and at length reduced to a resolution
formally p.opnsed in Congress, lo substitute, fur
tlie power of Congress to regulate trade so as lo
encourage manufacturers, a power in th * several
States ! . tin wit'i the consent of that body :
and this expedient is derived from a clause in iite
te oil .ec'ion of arlit l** first of tin* Constitution,
which says : “ No Stale shall, wi'hn :t the eons.'ii 1
of Congress, lay any imposts or duties on imports
or vi rt**, except wh.it n ty b • hsolotely n ces
sary for executing its inspection laws ; and lh
net produce of all duties and impurta, laid by
any Stale on imports and exp.e ls, shall b.* for
the use of the Treasury of til** United States ;
and all such laws shall be. subject to the revision
and control of the Congress.”
To say nothing of the clear indications in lit.
Journal of the Convention of 1787 that (lie clans
was intended m rely to pr * vi (1. ■ for expenses in
curred hy particular Stales, in their Inspecti it
laws, a d in such improvements as they mig
choose to milk in tli**ir hatbours and livers, will
the Ban 'lion of Congress—objects to which th*
reset ved power has been applied, in sev- ral insia
res. at the request nf Virginia and Uen'gia—h* w
could it ever be imagined t *nt any Slate Wotil. 1
wish to (ax i'* own trade for the ent nmagi'.oe,.
ol m innf.icluiei if possessed of the authority, oi
could, tn fact, do so, if wishing it ?
A Inx on impetus would be a l..x on its own
consumption ; und the net proceeds going, accor
ding to Ihe clause, not into its own Treasury bo
into the Treasury oflhe United States, the Sta'.
would t *x ilseir separa **ly for the equal gain of all
tlie other States ; and as far as tile manufacture •
sit encouraged, might succeed in ultimately in
creasing the stock in market, and lowering the
nrieejhy competition, rI*in advantage, aho, proem
ed at the sole expense of tile State, " ottld he coin
toon to all tlie others.
Bn'the very suggestion of aurh an expedient
t » any Stall*, would have an .ir of mocker'
" hen its experienced impracticability is take* into
* i""'. No one, who recollect! or recurs lo the
period when the power over commerce was in
iite individual_Slales, and separate attempts were
made to lax or otherwise regulate it, need It" t Id
that Ihe eti rap's were not only abortive but, hy
demonstrating Ihe necessity of general end uni
form regulations, gave lh original mpuhe to the
constitutional reform which prnvid. d for sec \ reg
■ latinos.
To refer a State, therefore, to the excercise of
a power, as i'. scrv d lo her by (lie Constitution
the impnsibilily ofcx.'t* ising which was an in-
duceme it to adopt the Constitution, is. of • II re
medial devices, the last (hit ought to be brought
ward. And what renders it the mere exit.iot
« v ^ r ,f y s
venue by dunes bn 'tfSpr.rT?, tcolMpi raw d in ten
-esenlatu n* fn m l et n cm l.cnlv, that the com.'
m.-rce of ll c State wi.s l.anishidby th.m into
-'li.t rh.nr.ets, o prcitilly of Maryland, whew
[S e'Do.'for r |786 ] bU,d ' liCd " ,a, ‘ in v 11 &*cia.
Such a tendency of scpaiatc regulations Was
. i * 1. 1 1 * cl too tTiur.ifrst to escape anti.ipalio n .
A: :..ng theprnjcc’a promoted by tlie want of a fed
ora I authority over commrcc, was that of a concert
fi.«> propost d on the part of Maryland for a uni-
fnimily of regulations belwern Ihe two States/
| end Commisioners were appointed for that p tlr .
pose. It was soon perceived, however, that the
cinctiiTenro nf Peimsyl'nnia w as as n* cessary t 0
Maryland as or Maryland to Vitginia, and the
concurri net* of Pennsylvania was accordingly
invited. Bn' Pennsylvania rould no mote con-
etir without N*‘" York than Maryland without
Pennsylvania, nor New York without the con-
con once of Boston, fic.
These projects were superseded for the mo
rn nt hy that of tlie Convention nt Annapolis in
1786. til'd fori ver hy the Convention M Philadel
phia in 1787, and the Constitution which was the
fr. it of it.
I here is a passage in Mr. Nicker’s work on
iIib finance* ol Fiance w hich all", ids a signal tllus-
ti alien of the diflirnliy of collecting, in contiguous
co mitniiics, indirect tax* s, when not rhe same
io all, l»y the violent ineans resorted to agnin6C
smuggling from one another of them. Previous
lo the late llcvolulinrary war in that country, tlie
tax*.' were of very different rates in Ihe different!
Provinces: particularly Ihe tax on salt, which " tM
high in the Interior pro'ir,ces and low in the tnaT-
ilime, and the 'nx nn tobacco, which was very
in general, whilst in some of the provinces
big
tial hlcesir.gs to the
, . , , *a - ' ...a. t.ieir geocra-
p.oca relation-, multiplied as they will („• l.y
the use of the at tide was altogether free. The con
sequence was. that the standing at my of patrols
againai smuggling had skuIii to tlu* number of
tw. nty (lirce'tliniisaiid ; the annual arrest of men,
women, and children, engaged in smuggling, to
ft'.,* thousand five hundred anil fifty; and the
number annually arrested on account of salt and
t (macro alorm, to seventeen or eighteen bund ltd,
more tan three hundred of whom were consign’
cd to the terrible ptmishment of tlm Galli. s.
May it not lie regarded as among the providen-
State*, that their
, . ■ - , , ■ . . hey will be l.y
1 final charm, I- of intercourse, give such udditi.i
al t,wee to tlv* many obligations to cherish that
"oo.n w Ii alone s. cures their peace, their safely
'■nd tl.nr pro-,:, nty ! Apart from the more oh’
“'y'", 1 con-equenccs of their entire s n-
ar,'"nn into independent sovereignties, it is
thy of spur,al consideration that, divided from
c ic.t Other as they must be l.y narrow wat,, s
and temlnrnl lines merely, facility of so,rent:,
.oi.i- inlriultielim.s r„ eonlrabund articles, wnuliP
. ^ v, r y J upm P r 4 '!* rrvenui* in ihe easv and
indirect mom- of impost nnd excise; so that
"hi, 1 their expenditures would be neceasarilw
' ,, . **T new situation, they
would in proytdmg lot them, he limited to direct
axe*, on land or other property,to arbitrary as-
KTKSr " J “ ““
You will nloerve that I have ronfi'ed mvself
a:7ex;effi:n!:;" l ;:!; 0 b : t t^' in, ' i,u,i r li ^
courage domesttc products hy regulations of ,-om-
m-tr': In 111*, ex retse of the pnw.-r, (hey are rr-
portsih.e to liter eoosduents ; whose right an,’
in ail other ra--es f to brint
genera, ^ ^
" till greal esteem and cordial r* gar,!.
JAMES MADISON.
duty it is, in that
th**ir
A list of LETTERS remaining
tlie I list Offict* nt EHttminii. Uu. on ,»w. t-. i
A °" k ' «■“• on It," la .Inmuirv, 1"fe
! ''V* U'™ llas Heid, 'riiamas
lio ks.lolm R„l,.-ri*,,,, Allen
IjRll, Dotm.'tLon, Kot-ltu .*tt i»*.a-;.4
fjarfioman’ Thomas K**e
ftXin.’lSljznbetli*
Hanrot k, Rebecca
Aslmrt, Josinh
Ambler, John 2
Allen, Ureen
Alford, Henry 2
Anderson, Hubert
B.2
Breedlove, Samuel
Boswell, Josias
Brooks, Iverson L.
Hiii k, Iordan S.
Bullock, Bnlock
Bnjrley, Alden S.
Baldei ee. Robert
Brynnt, Wiley
Buckner, A. R.
Barden, Win. V.
Bnrlter, .fosep/i
Conner, James P.
Carter, Abmltain
Cooper, Hcorge I’.
Calchings, Seymour
Clonion, Davit I
Cullibert, Allred
Cooper, Isaac
Clinsinnn, Alex. H.
Cogburn, Joint a.
Coswert, Tbottias
Coal matt, David
Carstnrphen, Jus. J.
Colworl, John
Cooper, Mark A.
D.
Dnnniode, Cnpt.
Randle, John K.
JLisser, James
Roberts, Ureeu
Robr, Willinnt'
Rockwell,
Hill, Rnbrrt
Hoxeyi park
Hearn, Lewis It
I. iiJ.
Inurant. Thomas
Johnston, Thomas
Jtdiii'loii, William B. Smith, Wiiiinm
Johnston, tlli.-tm C. Stinson, Porter L
•iones, I lioinas Scott, J.W.
k ! n\7: ?T!H ch Seudday, James
Klng ,, * C »’ i. l0,aa * Stuhhi, John
-, ..Hr 1!
Redd, Wni. A.
S.
Sherwood, AdlelC
P. C
Iat*dbetter, Mary
' i', Jiinirve
s.tndloid, Thotuas (•’
Traylor, Malta? r
Thomas,, William C.
Turner, Jacob
Traylor, Wm.ll.
Tompson. Seth
McF.ea, John Co.
Ma tffham, Bryant
.Mooncyham, Kli/.a*
both
Rfctldowfi, Ahv
^J.ttirm’John C V Co. Vnrdemnn, Joseph
Alnlhis, James 11. Vinson, William
Vartietnnn, Thomas^’
Dot!well, H. s.
Dowtjle, James
Deems, Johnson
Davis, James
John, or I). Ou'-lt y’Jev.e C,
: , William K.
Inr.d, John
.lames H. Wright, James
Mathew -u „, w
Morris u rolored man W iggins, (Freon
Wnmick.Mary
f
•linnry, is that, as the lax "ii commerri’. ns far s
ii ciinjtl h,* s**j)-irately rollerted, instead of belt n*j
i*^" to ih** Ti**»M«Hry nf rh** Stall?, ns previous i
'(’Constitution, \vo*:I*l li**a tribute t«* tin* U i‘*
Statu. , th** Slate would ho in a worse * o di’itn.
after l!i«* adoption of th** Cun’titut)«!n, Ilian luTor*,
mi refrri’nce to an important interest, the improvi-
-n*-nt of which wns a particular i bj«ct in adopt
•>£ the Constitution.
Wd'. o Congr* S3 to make I lio proposed dt-elarn
ti in of *ons* nf to state tariffs i*» favor of Stnt*
m .n'lf.ictii.' cs, and lh** permittrd attempts did nt*'
defeat lliemst Ives, whal would he. the situation ol
S al* s deriving their foreign supplies through 'he
purls of other Slates ? It is evident that fhe\
might he compelled to pay, in their ronsumpiio
of particular articles imported, a tax for the con
mon treasury, nnt common to nil the States, with
nut having any manufacture or product of th*
o • p. to partake of the eontempiat* d hen* fi s
Of the impracticability of separate regulation-
of *r *de, ar.d the resulting necessity of genet.d
r*’ illation*', no State was more sensible than Vi*
i:;ia. She. w.*g accordingly amoitft the most ea
ne t for granting to C' ngirss a power adi quat*
to the object. On more fjewions than
(»ny, Solomon
Ootulrich, West
(Hudson, John
Halstead, Robert
Hail. Sarah
January 12—‘R
Pord'if, Thomas
Pendleton, Colnt
Pearson, Charles
Peter, Holland
Wright, Asa
Wright, Praclltf?
Winchcll, Alban
Wyche.JeretnlahVVIf
WoodruFT, Thomas <
Whitaker, OJD.,2
Wrigltf, Richard,
Watkins, William
E. E. GAITHER, P. V.
GEORGIA:
r>Y ln.s Exc liuuov JOHN FORSYTH Go-
Armr """ N ^ ( ’ f
W \ PIlOGL \ MATION.
IIERl, \S I hnvo rcceivod officinl in-
,, i„ ». n, M |ii « »•<*« , i„
die liotiy ol JAMKs V. I.ONO’’ )yy MMKS M A V uV ' ' r
jaberi".! in ,",rZ,i.'- ri,,." ifv OFOROF MAY
t.ro.,rf.,„h.l r-.r 'A'i-h’whKur.h'^Ji “"fi.’-":
ai'ko!-KurvVin'Cl.T.
'rr ai!ij;™s!«»;', ,‘S5
Given under my hand, nnd llie Great Seal of the State, nt tin-
* SfnfTr 11 Lh W h Janlary.in the
•V J o ,,l ’ , a»i*l eighteen humlred and twenty-nine, and of
American Independence the fifiy-third. ’
By the Govsrnor : JO,IN FORSYTH.
j„n u5n eRARD l, ' M,LTOS '. Secretary of Slate.
I ^OK SALE OK LEASE I offer!
'V VII E-llorsES for «ale-,hrv are well
ed to nttenii then
. . — WV
n ,i.. s . a „ h 7 “1° *y" "itaaleil for b„,"i-
nils arranged, timt fewer hands are re.
tn any other Ware-Houses of the same
iu,,!,* the.tiler,*st of (he person who buys S "ates P
Macon, Ja„ 12—St JOHN T. LAMAR.
itPiS
■umn
.Hi",
for l!
To
aod lh
r. q ,isi
"’■O* I'o'Vri', «
etructi-n ■ * fth
COIlsi'IfV It as
recuUtu ! ads
n |v,.TO,*r io pint,-, I
ion nnd f.liricntion of .'-II ariicl
I'ohl u S 'l’.-ly, as ini'ii.ont lo ihc
odd a Im iron* l.ititndit.ury run-
t*'Xt of !ho Uonsli'tilion, than lo
nliraced by lln* s|i«piiied po vui' lo
1'0'vop u hi, it has Ip
mid aq t’x.urtption fr .;n surli a duty u ,
I thu hi I’/ f‘ ,r ° Cn l T"'' ” n , VP i in T ’ 1! ' I’ro-vwimga ...” nor Lsglsl .live councils i.
!,*. . I l u ‘ " 3,1 1 5 v-'* •'«•>» th" w "* vrei' ,1‘Mh ! l!-.a relative- situ:,lion of lh,
. I S'a’ophid b",*n found, on trial to r. quin* uni-
r n.ivigalion [/omiViy in (huir com.neic'al regulali' ns os h" on
lu i ff-i tnal policy for ohlniniqg i n Ihu ports I
to:* ign ".'lions a slipulation of privileges ri'fi; r
cal to Ihost* i*ojoyi>d by thu s’lhjects of such u
lions in tin* ports of th« United .Status; for pr,
venting nnimosiiius which cannot fail to nri-
among thu spvural States from tlie interfcrunc" o'
partial and separate regulations ; and for deriving
from commerce nieii aids fothe pntiiic revenue
as il ought to contribute, tcc."’
During Ihe delays and discouragements expe
rienced in the attempts lo invent Congress with
the necessary powers, ihe Slate Virginia mad
various trials of "hut cold he done by lier indi
' id ud laws. S 1 ,,* ventu a .1 on duties and impn-ts
as a source of revenue : Resolutior s were pas
se I at oil" lime to enrourage and proterl her onn
navigation Sisliip building ; nnd in consequence of
eompkiinls and petitions from Norfolk. Alexa
dria. and other places, against the monopol.ging
na'igatinn laws f Oreu B itain, parlieiilarlv i
th trade between the Un ted States und the Brit
list, Hist Indies sh delpie nted, with a purpns
controlled only hy the inellicacy of ssparai" me-,-,
ores, on the experimi nt „f forcing a recipr„ci v
liy prohibitory regulations of her own. [Se
Journal of House Delegates in 1785 ]
The i fiert of her separa’c attempts to ruse re
ed hy nil nations for those purpo-e-, and which
eff ets tho-, purposes 'villi less of interf.u enee
"iili i!it* authority and convcaiencv of ihe
States, than might result l . in inter,ini and di-
rct modes of eneo*.raging the arti. les, any ,,f
which modes w old lie author'/. *1, as I'.ir as
deemed *• necessary end proper,” by ennaider-
ing the pinver as an incidental power.
8. That tint cm •ournKnim ot of (minuficturers
wu.s an *»l j -ct ofth- power to rrgulalo t* ui *, i*-
pr 'Veil by th** made of tlie pmv» r for that
'hject. in tho fir-*t st Hsion of tlio Fir-t (hingress.
tinder the CmHtifution : wltrn n-uonj; the m**m
lieis pivsoiii wvrrso *miny who Ind been mem-
l*«*:s of ih«’ F* d**ial C 'nvrn’i *u which framed the
Uimsiitu'ioand **f the Sue Convention**
av htf t• fatifi il it ; each nf there classes rnnsi* , tin^
also of'nem 1 ) rg ivlto h «d opposed and who h d
• spoused, th<‘C’*n titution io its act*i-»I f * m. I
dors not appear from the printed proceedings of,
Conrre;'? on that occasion, tint the power was
REWARD.—Lost on tl»t Flinf
. RI*;. R«ad,iit'arl*ln,l"it, nvi i n m or,™,« ,.*
. .Tisto ..ullinQ .'Ir,,I(...on n rerlain negro nuinnamrit
" r iBe l'nymem ,,f -a. dollars, 1 unit ...adi- l.v — Hnrr „f
7-:,K"V. ... i.li.'i.i g-.o tlnllm*. .111,1 .....Ih.-r made l.y James
I’eeatar < nun,*. for , dollar.,«ill. a eredil ol 3d dot-
valoe V . toeetherwllh sundry other papers of
. ‘ ; . 1 ? . il 1 reword u ill !„■ ,!\enby the subscriber lor the
• L - ,. n ’ r ! ’ ;M ’'' ,S V"," 1 I**' 1 *•>"- are hereby rnnlione.1
rm ri lo'Ul. f/l , papers. I iluill apply lo Ihe
couri Co t tablish tlu'above described jmijmts aerontine io Fnw.
^ , NATHAN MATLES.
Jldinurhlge, Goo. Jan 12—^It 3il«
fMF-OlUilA, l’utimm county—John Den-
"ImT"'!".?'! P !'” r" r K l,,,r ' mlministralion on the estate of
JO ,,V, , .* > n , '* “ '' "* sa, ‘l county, dee’d.
I Iiin is therefore tn rite tin* kindred and creditor* nf said der’d,
up-nlhr,. within the time |,resrrll,ed hy law, to shew
rail*,., ,1 an they have, w l.y said letters should not her ranted.
'Oven under in» hand lliis 3d day til J anuary, 1822.
J_ THOMAS L*. EVANS, D. C. C. O.
tf^EORGI Bnltlwin county.—Goodwin
, L M ? ri m' , x Tut°rof the last will and testament of Drm,
Jn, ks"ii, iler d applies l.ir leu,a. id dismission from -aid eslute."
i ins in tin relore to rile the kindred and creditors ol said der’d
to appear nt toy oilier, within llictime pre«cribed by law, to shew
r,, „^ “ " ,,v “*'**• **“ ‘ “ rsshould not been
of Junuarv, 18"29.
. A. GREENE, C. C, O.
Hr 0 tlu* Uiti/.ms of Utitimm county, Geor-
-™- ?ia—After returninc you my thank* for the many favorti
^ ! !‘i r . r r , Up, ’ n ”***’ *‘ ,r 1 } U ‘ * a, 't *'‘Kbt years, peiniit me to inform
you that circumstances Imve occurred which make it both to mv
Interest and comfort to remove from this county, and in doinf so,
the offipc w Inch you have couferrd upon me becomes vacant: w itli
the hope that y u nwy be ennhled to ’-upply that vacancy. W ith
Hinitr .11. ividual qualified to render you more service than nn-
sen. I subscribe inysclt under many obligations for your liberal
patronnge.
T. B. REES.
i under my hand this 5th <
I eOUR months uftcr dntc niiplicution will
. I*e made to the Inferior court of Pike county, when ait -
* ,n< * '■•f *" dmary purposes, for leave to sell the real estate of liau ;
.lones, dec d. consistinf of one lot of land, lying in the 15th dist
formerly Baldwin now Morgan county, No 220.^
ian 12