Newspaper Page Text
I 8 —• la tbo Renata, on Satwday, Mr Km
tented » Protest f>om the Legislature of Ala-
Isgsinsl the. Tariff Six thousand copies ofthe
ntpresenting Iho county through which the pro-
ponnil across the Peninsula of Florida, connect-
I Alllantic With the Gnlnh of Mexico, were or-
|to be published. Mr. Webster's resolution, re-
| tho I’tesiJnnt to cauae copioa of llie insmtr-
|»ven to the Miniatera appointed to altand the
ana at Panama, nnd copiea of rommunicaliona
•r goTornmenta on the aubjecta, to he laid bcfiiro
enate, waa conaidered, and attar an animated
■ion, of which we have gieod a aketeh, waa
i Iho table by a Tote 23 lo 23. Tho bill from
r Jti*e of UopreaentatiTee making appropriations
la public buildings, waa paaaed withamendmenta
ng appropriations for the erection ofn portico on
Orth front of the President's Rouse, and foi tho
uuru of the public square west of tho Capitol.---
[Seoelo meets to day at 10 o'clock.
[the House of Repreeentilives, tile report of
Committee on the Library, in reference to
yprinling of the scarce documents, was again
lubject of tli°cussinn during the morning hour.
Uoffiias occupied the floor until tho discus-
ru suspended. After which, the Hmtseipro
ed lo act on various hills ordered to a third
ling, and the bills and amendments from the
Jte. A joint resolution from the Senate, on
lubject of* military road through the State
lainc, which had been referred to the Coin-
Foreign Affairs, wu reported by that Corn
ea, accompanied hy a resolution declining il
l “ inexpedient" lo act on the subject at pres-
Mr. Smaoie moved to strike out the
• inexpedient ” and to substitute the word
pedienl,” which was carried in the i ffirina-
I; and the resohition was then changed, on
[Ion of Mr. Skuokaixt, for ope authorizing
dent to mark out the military road nhen-
rhe shall think it called forhy the honor and
rests of the country. After some other hills
I been acted on, the Llnose resolved itself into
|r.mit:ee of the whole on the hill to corapen
i Susan Decatnr, widow of Captain Stephen
ator, and others. Motions Were made to
1)4 the bili so as to introduce the officers and
' of thebrig Syren, byt they were negatived,
[the Committee rose and reported the hill
bout amendment; after which, the question
l taken on the engrossment of the bill, and de-
td in the negative. The hill was therefore re
led by a vote of SB to 80.
VwtJ 9—In the Senate, yesterday, the. hill
king provision for tho relief of sundry Revolt!
ary and other officers and soldiers, was, after
ng discussion, laid on the table. A cotnmil-
, consisting of Messrs. Smith of Mnryland
bite, and SAisrobD, were appointed to make
i necessary arrai g, ments for the reception and
li'guratioo of toe President elect, on the fourth
rch, and to apprise him of the same. The
c took n recess from four till six o’clock.
In the Evening Session, the bill for (he preser
|ion and repair of the Cumberland Road, and
l Rill for the government of the Penitentiary
khe District of Colombia, were fasbep. The
|l authorizing a subscription of stock to the
shington Turnpike Road Company was, after
he debate laid on the table. The motion lo
r J U > the bill for the reduction of tonnage, du-
l, waa, after some debate, negatived. The
s it,- refused, by a large majority, to take up
Bill providing for an exploring voyage to the
ciGc Ocean and South Sens. The Census Bill
Is taken up; blit upon the suggestion of Mr. Be*
Ik, that the bill anticipated the usual time
|taking the census by thirteen months, it was
i upon the table without a division. The Bill
holding treaties with certain Indian tribes,
M lost, the Senate refusing lo recede fnim
lair amendment for the appropriation of £0,000
}ilars to Iho surrey of lands westoftha Missis-
|>pi, and the House insisting on their disagree-
enl to the amendment, a committee of confer
i was appointed on the part of both Houses,
hose modification of the amendment was not
Incurred in by the House of Representatives
| In the House of Representatives, a motion was
■de to re-conaider til* vote of Saturday, by
liich the hill to compensate Susan Decatur was
jjected. Mr. WuiTTi.rsar moved to lay the
folios the table, and asked for tho ayes and noes.
ne motion waa then laid on the table—eyes 03,
• ffl. The ■one then took up the amend
Ita made by the Senate In the appropriating
Its, and disposed of them. Various bills were
hi acted on in Committee of the whole on the
tn of the Union ; among others, bills front the
late for the continuance of the Cumberland
t Westwardly from Buneeville, which were
I a third lime and passed. The amendment
ide by the Senate in the bill making appropri-
jos for (lie Public Buildings, providing for a
ortico for the North Front of the President’s
!ouae, was concurred in. The Honsa then de
rmined to take a recess from half past 4 till
ilf past 8 o’clock.
At the Evening session, numerous other bills
f public and private interest, Were acted on in
Tommittce and passed
Bouse of Riprmutatiues—Ft4 4,1929.
>EBATE ON TIIG TONNAGE DUTIES I11U,
After Mr. SPRAGUE had concluded his re
■arks—
Mr. GILMER again rose. He seid, that he
lit himself called upon to answer some *>f the re-
larks of the gentleman from Maine. He had not
mown that there was any thing so vitally impnr-
int in the bill before the House, and he waa sure
here was nothing in the manner of his opposi-
on to it to authorise the strong expressions of
tonsure which had fallen from that gentleman.—
ir, a member of this House should be strongly
brtifled, by the truth of his own premises, and
be certainty of his own conclusions, before he
Racked, so freely, the upinion of others.
The gentleman from Maine (bought the duty
upon tonnage oppressive, and one that it was very
Imiralile that the People should be relieved from,
fir. G. thought differently. No property, which
S taxed at all, paid so little directly to the Gov
ernment at our ships. He estimated the value
f the tonnage of llie U. States at eighty or nine
ty millions of dollars, the duty paid by it st one
hundred thousand dollars, making one-eighth of
one per centum upon its capital. Was there auy
hing in this sum which looted like oppression ?
The gentleman from Maine also considered It ns
very burtbensome in its collection. Now, said
Mr. U., be believed that, upon examination, il
would bo found to be collected with more vase,
at levs cost bv the Government, and paid with
more convenience hy the ship owners, than any
Other tax. The Government would be obliged
to have the same officers, and incur tbe same ex
pease u> regulating our navigation, if the duty
upon tonnage was repealed. All vessels would
have to he registered, or licensed, be inspected,
have their manifests, and clearances, in the same
manner as at present. He was surprised at the
answer this reasoning had received from the gen
tleman from Maine. Ua said that the collection
of the last tarilTdid not require additional officers
for its collection, any mure than the tonnage
doty. Why, Sir r the last tariff was not intended
to add to the receipts of the Treasury. It would
be strange, indued, if a law, designed to less- o the
revenue, should increase the cost of collection.
Rut even that he supposed to be probable, from
h late communication from the Executive Dc
partment. But the gentleman from Maine said,
that, although the tonnage duty might be light,
and collected with ease and cheapness, yet it »><
a direct tax upon property, and allsiraitur taxes
bad been long since repealed. Before thi- objec
tion could have any weight with the Huuse, it
ought to hare been show n that the direct taxes,
^hich bad been repealed, were similar in other
revpccta. Sir,rah) Mr. G., a direct tux upon pro
perly was, in many respects, the cheapest of all
t^xes to the People. The objections t<> it were
the exnetise of the collection to the ‘Government,
t),e diCiculty wiili the People of being prepared
fir its payment, and the patronage which it gave
to the Government, through its numerous officers.
The duty upon tonnage h id all tbe advantages
'which belonged to imports, and was liable to
CV le of llie objections to other direct taxes. The
geotlnman from Maine had not, however, shown
Why its being qijirecl tax was an objection, ex-
<*pt the otfter (HMct ffixes had been repealed.
Uhe Sima gcaUetuao said that the tonnage du
ty, tho’tight, was unequal and unjust, and that it
n as not llie magnitude of u tax, hut the necessity
fur, and the justice of its imposition, that should
determine ha continuance.
It was nol sufficient to prove that a tax was
unjust, in order to arrive at the conclusion that
it should he repealed. It mint also be shown
that it was more unjust than all other taxes : for
the most unjust ought must assuredly to he (he
first repealed Unfortunately for our country,
there were many, very many, of our duties,
which, according lo that rule, would he repealed
before llie tonnage duty.
From (he strong expressions of complaint
which had fallen from a gentleman from Maine,
It might be supposed that this was some new im
position which the Government tvae about to lay
upon the ship owners. Ilow was (he fact ? The
present duty of six cents upon the ton had been
imposed in 1790, and had been continued ever
since. It had the sanction of tho wisdom and
experience of all those who had gone before us.
Mr. G. said that he was himself but resisting in
novation upon our established revenue system.—
Perhaps the gentleman from Maine would him
self he willing, upon a little reflection, to retract
his charge of iniquity and ignorance against all
those who have hitherto administered Iho Gov
ernment.
The gentleman from Maine, in illustrating his
position that it was not the magnitude of a tax,
hut its necessity, that ought to delerminn its con
tinuance, had refi-red to the People of the South,
as hating been more excited by the inequality of
the tariff, than its oppression. The gentleman
knows nnlh : ng of the situation of the Southern
People. When the low price of their agrtcul
Inrsi productions had reduced the profits of labor
to its lowest slate ; when, from the former high
price of produce, tjie People bad incurred large
debts, and, from the reduction in the value of
their property, were unable to pay them—it was
thcn'lhat the Government imposed upon them a
system of taxation the most unjust, and unequal,
and burdensome, that was ever Imrne by free
People, during a time of peace and general pros
pertly. Their complainls had proceeded from
the general distress and ruin inflicted upon them;
aggravated by the circumstances that the support
and defence of their country required of them no
such sacrifice, bin the cupidity of other portion
of the People had exacted it. Those other por
tions, (hough without sympathy for us, might yet
discover from the cause that never fails to carry
its full force of conviction, (their Interest.) that
they had pressed their exactions beyond the
point of profit. If tho South be true to itself, he
did not doubt it.
The gentleman from Maine asked, why dimin
ish the facilities of navigation upon the ocean,
when internal communications were increased at
so much expenses, in making roads and canals.—
This question, in the first place, was not appli
cable, because there was no effort to diminish
navigation. As to the great expenditure for roads
and ennala, he not having voted for them, the
gentleman from Maine was referred to another
quarter of the House for an nnawar, with this |
remark, that lie did not understand (bat navjga I
t on upon the ocenn, was lessened by Increasing
the facilities for hi inging heavy productions from
the interior to the Atlantic. The duty upon ships
was compared to one upon wagons and the
House had been asked whether one was not as just
and equal as the other. The question would lie
answer- ,1 when the gentleman wh‘> made it,
showed that a tax upon wagons could he culler
ted with the Bame certainty nnd cheapness, and
paid with the same convenience as that upon
ships.
Mr. G. ssid, licit, in his previous remarks, he
hud stated lo the House, thut the tonnage duty
operated as a lax ubon the agricultural interest,
and the gentleman from Maine had added, that it
was likewise a tax upon commerce and mano
factures, and therefore Urged its repeal. Mr. G.
took this to be the trtto difference between the
revenne system of the gentleman from Maine
and himself. His desire was to retain such duties
as were equal in their operation unon all classes
of the community, and tho cbeupest and least
troublesome in their collection, whilst the gentle
man from Maine preferred lo have anforccd
those which Were unequal and oppressive, and re
peal those which operated equally upon all the
great interests of lllornmmunity.
Mr. Q. said that, in his previous remarks, he
had attempted to show that the navigating inter
eat had less reason to complain of burdens, than
any other of (he great interests nf the communi
ty. The gentleman from Mnlne had thought
^ to say, in reference tn those remnrks, that
i mistaken in fact and 1 * principle. The use
of such terms railed for a special nnstver.
The whole duty paid hy the entire tonnage of
the United Stases amounted annually to the sum
of one hundred thousand dollars, as he had al
ready stated. There wag appropriated, during
the last session of Congress, for the erection of
light houses, the building of piers, the placing of
buoys, the Improving of harbours, and removing
obstructions In rivers, and making a break water,
929,000 dollars; making the appropriations for
the benefit of navigation nenr ten times the sura
of duties received. One improvement alone, de
signed for the security of vessels navigating the
Delaware, lie did not doubt would coat Ibe Gov
ernment more than the revenue derived from
tonnage, would repay in fifty years. In what,
then, did his mistake in fact consist ? The mis
take in principle had been about equally well sup
ported. It consisted in this, as stated hy the
5 entleman from Maine, that each branch of in
ustry should pay to Government the cgpense ol
its support. Mr. O. drnied that he had advan
ced any surh principle. It was a man of straw,
of the gentlemra’s own making, for his own
combatting. What he, Mr. G. had given as rea
son why complaints should not he made against
the Government, was urged against him us the
adoption nf a novel principle. What thegcntleman
had said was certainly true, that the expendi
tures made directly for the benefit and protection
of our shipping, were advantageous to commerce.
Mr, G. said that he would assume the still liroa
der principle that not one dollar of profit wa-
made from either agricultural, commercial, or
maniifurtnring lalmr, that he did not contribute
to the advent ige of all thp other great interests.
The gentleman from Maino did not understand
what waa meant hy tonnage duty not going into the
Treauaurv. Now, this waa alrango, as hia vguincnt
showed that ho put a very inlclligiblo meaning upon
fits of tiie rich manufacturers of anil in lire Weal and
North should fee lessened Almost every implement
orngricidtiirc, and u large portion nftlie articles of
domestic consumption of the Southern People, were
taxed from twenty-five to two hundred (ter rent. They
had to pay upon goods nfforeirn production not only
the duty exacted by the Government, bin the charge
of the merchants upon that exaction. Upon domes
tic productions, they had to pay to the No-tltetn man
ufacturers the same per cent, upnn their actual value
in F.urope, charged with the same merclinntile profit
Our hats, cools, and alines ; nur ploughs, hoes, spndoa
saws, hammers, and nails ; nur \>ota, ovens, shovels,
nnd tonga ; our salt, sugar, coffee, and tea, all come
to ua burdened either with Gnvcrment duties, or the
high prices secured to the manufacturer# hy the mon
upolies granted them, together with the freight cher
end hy the Northern shipowners, and the profits of
Northern tnerchantiln capital
Mr. G. said that it had been shewn that the annu
al appropriations for increasing the security and fa
cilities of navigat.on were near ten limes the amount
of ths duty.
In answer to what had been said as In tho light
ness of the duty pa'd by the shipping interest, when
compared to other intorca.s, tho gentleman from
Maine had endeavored lo prove that it was tile most
heavy and burdensome ol ail others. How 9 Was
it by the duty now sought to be repealed ? No.—
But by the heavy duties imposed by iho Tariff upon
iron, duck, and iiemp Mr G said that thero was
no doubt but that those duties were very burdensome
lo the shipping interest. He would mint cordially
vote fur tnoir repeal They wore as oppressive lo
agriculture as to commerce and navigation. They
weto not imposed for the purposes of ruvenue, but to
promote the interest of the tnanfaeliirers of those ar
ticles. Tho just complaints which the gentleman
from Maino made against the impositions upon the
poo pic engsgod in navigation, to benefit manufac
turers, had no application to the duty .ought tu bo re
pealed by tho present bill.
He had been told hy thesanio gentleman, that if
our cotton-gins amt flour, mitla were taxed, a louder
sound would he heard from the South. Ihun had late
ly come from that quarter against the Tariff. Sir. said
Mr G. are we to be oppressed by the most unjust,
heavy, and unequal taxes, and then insulted for our
femonttrancos ? What is it in the South that is not
taxed t He could tell the gentleman from Maine
that cotton gins and nulls wore taxed and heavily too.
Every pound ofiron and hemp consumed hy the Peo
ple of Georgia, was bought at double its natural price,
either for the benefit of tho Government, ur tho in-
dividual interest of those who controlled it Every
hoc which cultivated the poor man's soil, came to
him charged with an additional price fur tho benefit
of some Northern mechanic. Every pound ofsalt
which savored the bread ofthe poor man of tho South,
tv»t najd for Iw p dofthle portion of labor, lost ilu> pro
And yet the gentleman from Maino talked ofthe
loud noise that would bn heard from the South, if
their interest were taxed at the shipping interest was
Sir, the Smith pays not only the burdens peculiar to
itself, hut more thnn its rqial proportion of every im
R ntitinn upnn navigation, because its productions were
eavy, designed principally for foreign markets, nnd
consequently requited a great qunntity of shipping far
its transpmtntimi. But the geniletnan from Maine
supposed that the fintilliern agriculturist burn noth
ing like the burden ofthe Northern shipowners A
Captain of a coasting vessel from his own State, after
his return linmn from his venture to the South with
n csrgo ofliny, iro, blitter, cheese, apples, cider and
onions, could have given liirn information which
might have set him right upon that subject.
Tho truth was, that whilst nur agricultural produc
tions were at the very lowest possible price nt which
they could bn cultivated, every thing which we con
sumed enmo to us charged with ihe support ofthe
Government, the merchant’s nnd freighter’s profit!
or tho'.bounty given for the cncouruge,ment of Nor
them labor
Mr. G. observed, that in his previous remarks,he
bail said llint the Public Debt ought to bo pnid before
tho Government commencnd the reduction ofits re
venue The ge.ntloman from Maine, was ofthe opin
ion that there wns no necessity of continuing tho duty
upon tonnage foi tho purpose of paying the Public
Dolit, andhnd gono into a calculation lo allow that
there would bn surplus revenue in the treasury in
1832. which could not ho employed for tbnt purpose.
The passage of a law directing the Commissioners of
tho Sinking Fund to go into the market with the sur-
plur funds, and buy Government •locks, would remnvn
all difficulty upnn lliat subject. But it was not ne
cessary to go into speculative reasoning about the
time wlien the Public Debt could bo paid II was
sufficient for us that all money that we should rccoivn
for tho next year, could bn npplied to its discharge —
Tho wisdom ofihosn, who would ho hero in 1832,
would enable them In judge with as much correctness
as we could do for them whulhet they would he able
to usn the surplus revenue nf not. Eet ns set the ex
ample nf freeing the country of its debt ns far as wc
havo the means.
Mr. G. laid, lie hoped tliai that would ho tho first
and leading object of tho next Administration lie
believed it would be a mure efficient preparation for
war, Ilian all (lie expenditures which coul.I lie made
upon nrmiea and fortificalnns. The efforts of a free
people, whoso action should be unencumbered with
the weight of taxation, would acquire an energy anil
power wholly irresistible. It wns this kind nfener
gy which tho Democratic party had always ft light
to give lo tho defence ofthe country
Tho gentleman from Maine bail great spprohen-
aiewnfsOTr's^tinn. and prodizs'ity and smu. .f-, 1,0.1
surplus levenuo should bo collected in Ihe Treasury
Mr. G said the gentlemen from Maino mightheas-
•ured, (lint those with whom lief Mr G] had the Iron
or lo act, would go a step heyonrl himself in pieveni
irig both waste anti corruption II'- believed, end had
acted upon that faith, that tho wonlili and prosperity
ofthe country was best promoted in, e.-~,idnj tli •.
People lo retain iho largest possible pHip-iriinp of ih-
profits of their labor whether firr accumulation nr en
joyment Mr. G laid ho had never voted for any
appropriation of Ihe public money, hut to cany into
effect the legitimate purposes ofthe Government.—
He had voted for no donations or p irtial uppropria
tions. Could the gontleman from Mains sav as much
nf his opposition to prodigality ? Ho thought not —
Had he not uniformly voted for pensions ? Hail any
public expenditure been an violative of iho printiiples
of our institutions, productive of so little private advan
tage, nr sn unequal in its distribution ? It wns. how
ever, ho believed, this very inequality which fixed this
system of tho most wasteful disposition of the public
Treasury. From 1815 to 1827, thorc had been ex
pended by the Government in the pavmcnt of pen
xions, 16,858,253 dollars In 1827, the number of
pensioners was 16,234, nf whom 6,365 belonged tn tho
six New England States, A. 1,709 lo the five Southern
States, viz : Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina,
South Catnlina, and Georgia In 1820, the reprosen
tative population nf the six New England States
amotintod to 1,659,703 ; that ofthe same five South
ern Slates to 2,407,000 So that tho New England
States, with n population of one third less than the
five Southern States, received more than ihree and
halftimes as much more than the Southern States in
pensions.
Our ideas nf tho waste ofthe public monev, often
depended more upon onr being its rocipientn than the
general eflbct to Iro produced upon tho community by
the manner ofits distribution.
Rut thero could ho no difficulty in nvniding tho
charge or danger of prodigality from having large
•nan in tho Treasury, if we Inohcd steadily to tho
great abject of paying the Public Unlit When that
should bn accomplished, thero would then he no targe
a sum which would remain unemployed, that it
would bo difficult for tho most sr.homing genius for
extravagant expenditure, to devise u plan for its ap-
□ motion. This very rircumatanrn would .most
■ably force many of those who would most will
ingly avoid the adoption of thut policy, to volo foi,
relieving the I’eoplo of taxes io „n inuount r<,usl to
the sum which was now annually applied tn the dis
charge oftho Public Debt flut what would lie tho
consequence if, nt present, wn repeal those duties
which are most equal in their operation upon all Has-
scs, the must easily and cheaply collected, such as that
now sought tn be repealed, nnd which because tlioy
were equal, no interest linjavpcc.ini desire to retain
So fares lie could look ahead the consequence would
he, that, when tho Public Debt should have been paid,
Iho permanent revenue nf tho Government would he
detived from tho most unjust nnd unequal taxea, and
the minority of the People would have fired upon
thorn forover tho most oppressive and unequal ays
tern of public burdens, that ever disgraced and degra
ded a freo Government.
Sir, the gentleman from Maine had ihmiglit proper,
in inferring to the eonst quenees which would proba-
My proceed from the accumulation of tnnnry in the
Treasury,to speak of(ns many other gentlemen from
the same quarter ofthe country have ofiatc linen heard
tospeakof) the rnnstitntional scruples of the South
ern Members. Sir, said Mi G. I for one am proud
that light as scruples are, that the solemn obligations
tltni I came tinder by tho first net nf toy membership
and the moral nidigntii ns that lends me to be tail lifts I
to my country, had even the weight of scruples upon
my conscience ! It was a high distinction, lie said,
for tho 8nuih, that, even in legislation, she preserved
her principles nf rectitude lie regretted, he said, lint
the sneers and taunts which the South had received
for ndheicnre lo the authority of the Constitution,
should have entne from that quarter ofthe country,
which, from ita former opinions and ono would
have been led to expect the more scrupulous regard
to principles. He had always (bought that pulittci ‘
as well as religious freedom, owed moro lo tbo pm
tans than to any other soi t or class of people.
But, said the gentleman from Maino, ought wc not,
as prescient statesmen, to look a head of us and prt
pata ugoinst any great tepnlsinn in trade by reducui
taxes gradually > Wns there not, said lie, a clinic
in the objects of taxation ? He answered- vos. Anti
the gentlemen’s own statement gnvo the same answer
to his question Ho Itnrl said that the shipping inter
cst wns (axed at this time to the amount of font nr five
millions of dollars in tbo increased price winch it had
to givn for iron, hemp, and duck, oil nerount ofthe
duties imposed by the Government. Did these four
or five millions or money go into tho Treasury for tho
benefit of all the I’eoplo of tho Union, or was it paid
to other intsresta foi their special advantage > Cor
tainly to tho latter. Ho pot this question to tho gen
tleman from Maine, whothor it would not be moro in
tho spirit nfhis own opinions, to lessen the duties upon
those articles which were so oppressive ami stneqtisi
in their operation, as those upon iron and hemp were
acknowledged to be, than to take off a doty hIwsvS
unposed by the Government, easily and cheaply cob
lected, and equal upon all tho groat interests of the
community, •• the duty upon tonnage waa.
Tho gentleman from Maine had, however, givap
ua a list of articles, which a Committee ofthe 8enitn
had reported some years ago, as those from winch the
present imports could be tnosi properly withdrawn,
when tho public debt should be paid off, and contrasts
lliuau articles with our shipping Upon eaaminmg
that list, it waa apparent that tha Senate’* Committee
was not ofthe opinion that the duty upoo tonnage
ought, under any circumstances, tn be lessened The
gentleman from Mainu waa very indignant that i(
fbonbl be proposed to take oft'tho duty from silk. Ho
had given us an animated invective against luxury iu
dress, A brought before the Huuse the man of wealth,
aryayed splendidly in that gorgeous attire, by the in-
dolgence of llie Government, that it might be able to
be properly indignant at the proposal nf the Senate's
Committee Now, it had occurred to him. that, tflten
tbe gentleman was spurning at the proposition to take
off the dutv upon silk because it wns a luxury, llint
ho had forgotten his zealous support oftho hill now
before the House, to lessen the duties on teas, lie
thought himself, soid Mr G that tho rustling of silk,
and the sipping often, wont very appropriately to
gether. Detvas ofthe opinion that there was ibis
decided advantage in favor ofthe encouragement of
the use ofsilk over that often, that wo were ablo lo
exchange the productions nf qpr own country fur silk,
whilst the lea trade constantly drained the country of
ilf specie. The gentleman from Maine in liis pltillip
psc against silk, seemed to have forgotten that all the
Pimple olfthe United States did not live in hia own
frozen region. Woollens wns an article of such prime
necessity with the Northern gentlemen, llint many of
them were pot satisfied with compelling the .ioiithorn
People to pay a high duty to tho Government lor tho
permission to in port it, hut were seeking to make tho
duties an high as to prevent its importation altogether,
and thereby compelling tbe Southern People lo pay
to them a bounty upon their manufactures He ho
ped. under sticlt nircumstnnros, they might be permit
ted to use silk without aliuae.
The gentleman from Maine, said, that lie under
stood Mr G'a objection to relieving the burdens upon
navigation It, be, that Southern ngnciilturo was also
burdened, and that lie wnuM refrain front comment-
ing upon those morals which would restrain a man
from aiding tn extinguish the flames that wero consu
ming Ins neighbor’s Inuse. because liis own was
consumed Now, said Mr. (I. lie was not awaio be
fore, that tbe gentleman from Maine considered tbe
policy lately pursued by the Government, to ben
bouse burning affair, or tOat he would acknowledge
that tbe interests ofthe People ofthe South had
been already consumed by tbe Government. Ills
simile must bo more apposite, or bis moral common-
tnrv would not bt) very instrnetivn
But, lie was charged with making rntnbinaltons
and bargains When be (Mr G. said; should make
combinations, they would be in the lace ol tho nation,
and not tn secret ; ifhnrgainx, in the presonee nfthe
Ifottso. lie avowed the opinion, without an allusion
to any individual member, that there were many who
could net bo induced to sppport an equal system of lax-
atiog, but bv the forro nf seff interest There were
many who openly asserted that the oppressive duties
upnn the South ought never tojbc taken off, and who
advocate every wild and extravagant expenditure,
that (lie Government might nut have the means of
sloing so The Mouth would nevor be eased of any of
her present burdens, unless other sections of the coun
try should also feel some oftho same pressure. Ho
said ho would tell the gentlman. that when tho pub
lic debt was paid off the Mouth expected that ten mill
ions of imposts were to he r-qtealed, and that it was
tn alinre in the benefits of that repeal And he trust
ed that every friend to just nnd equal laws, to the
policy which looks to the advantage of the whole
country, rather than particular portions, would most
determinedly oppose every expenditure which the
exigencies of the General Government did nol require,
ns well as every plan for Iho distribution among the
Miales of the surplus revenue, as the only moans by
which the People wero ever lo regain tlie full en
joyment *ofthe bencfiifl ofn free and just Govorn-
mt m Perhaps it might bo said .that all Govern
ments consisted in bargains, combinations, nnd
compromises. The rule ihat the Mouth do-ired lu
i-,ke foCuEauide, was to do utlW olhors what they
would that others should do unto inrnn ltfere vrib>
hut one state of tilings that could justify the repeal of
ths present duties upnn tonnage, and that would be,
the inability of uur navigation to maintain itself
ageinst British competition II was not alleged that
that waa its present situation. In fact, wn had reason
to believe llint ours was in tho most flourishing slate
nt" lot- 'sni Ii had regular iy increased for sumo years.
Ho thought thnt ntir navigating interest had no rea
son to complain nf the present Congress It tmd re
pealed tho law which required the payment of 2 1-2
percent, upon goods imported. It had «\so passed a
law encouraging the exportation uf refined sugar.—
For bimeolf, he auid that he waa decidedly in favor of
any measure that would promote tho interest of navi-
gation. without effecting injuriously any oftho other
equally important interests ofthe community.
bulwark of our defence it the ttaliu. al tnililia,
which, in the present state of our intelligence and
population must render us invincible. As long u
out Govi rnment is udministered for the good ol
'he people, ami is regulated by their will; as long
as it secures tu u? the t ights of person and ofpm-
I-Tty, liberty of conscience, anti of the press
it will he worth defending; and so long as it U
worth defending, a patriotic militia will cover It
with an impenetrable aegis. Partial injuries and
occasional mortifications tve may tie subjected lo,
hut n million of armed freemen possessed of the
means ni war,can never he conqueied by a for
eign foe. Tn any just system, therefore, calcula
ted tn strenihen this natural safeguard of the
country, I shall cheerfully lend all the aid in my
power.
It will be my sincere and constant desire, to ob
serve towards Indian tribes within our limits, a
just and liberal policy; and to give the humane
ami considerate attention to their rights and their
w ants, which are consistent with the habits of our
overnment, nnd the feelings of onr people.
The recent demonstration of public sentiment
inscribes, on tho list of executive duties, in char
acters too legible to he overlooked, the task of
reform; which will require, particularly, Ihe cor
rectum of those abuses that have brought 'h“ pat
rnnage of the Federal Government into conflict
with the freedom of election, nod the counterac
tion of those causes which have disturbed the
rightful course of appointment and have placid
or continued power, in unfaithful or incompetent
hands.
In ihe performance of a task thus generally
delineated, I shall endeavor lo select men whose
diligence and talents w iM ensure, in their respec
tive rtations, able and faithful cooperation—de
P 1 nding, for’Iie advancement of the public service,
more on thp integrity and zeal of public officers,
ban on their numbers.
A diffidence perhaps too just, in my own qual
ifications, will teach me to look with reverence to
the examples of public virtue left by my iliustri
otts predecessors, and with veneration to the
lights that flow from the mind that founded, and
ihe mind that reformed, our system. The same
diffidence induces e to hope for instructi nnd
iid from the co ordinate branches of the govern-
went, and for tile indulgence and snpport of
ray lellow-i itizens generally. And a fi.m roli
• me on tho goodness of that Power whose prori
deuce mercifully protected our national infancy,
and has since upheld our liberties in various vicis
situdi's. encourages me to offer up my ardent
supplications that he will continue to make our
beloved country the olrjtc? of his divine care and
gracious benediction.
Whnt if it butn map of bus? life? Cowper.
MIL.LEDGEVILL.E, MAR. 16.
(Xf“ The Charleston Mercury I ms our
thnnk. fur its correction nf nur error, in the Juurnsl
nf the 2d inst. It must have been, on nur part, tbo
result of inadvertence ; for a moment's attention tn
tho assc.ttion contained in tlte extract of a leltei which
w« copied, is sufficient, tn satisfy any nne knowing
the politics of the Mercury, that its correspondents
would not applaud the “ independence and firmness"
of tho member* of Congress from Georgia, which,
we think was,on the occasion referred to, so highly
honorable to them
The Mercury seems to believe that wc desired the
selection of the Intelligencer In that, it errs. Tho
Intelligencer has mot with tho fate that awsita all
pnldie prints pursuing its tortuous eovrsa : and itn
fate though a severe nne, is nevertheless just,and
would not he s subject of tegret, but for black dis
grace, that lias been inflicted on the character of Con
gress, by the selection ofits rival. IVhat induce
ment is tltcro now, we would ask the Merotiry, seeing,
how the election of public printer went, firr pursuing
a calm, temperate, decent, nnd dignified course of ed
itorial conduct—one regulated by principle, nut by
passion nnd prejudice—when tbo lowest ribaldry, Ilia
coarsest vulgnrity nnd a studied disregard of all the
ordinary courtesies of both public nnd privato life,
have met with so high a rewntd.
The Jackson party in Congress were strong enough
they had talent enough in tlioir ranks—and nt their
disposal pntronnge enough, tu omninand tire services
of a paper ns the organ of their feelingu-and prin
ciples, thnt would nt least, not line# spread amor
al contagion over the whole country. This they
should have done. They owed it to themselves—trs
the large number of tcspectnble editors who linvo sup
ported them- but especially did they owoit to tho
nation.
B ALDWIN County, Georgia—Court of
Ordinary, March Term, f029—RULE NISI.
WHEREAS, Bartley McCrnry, guardian of lsnnc McCi
orphan of Isaac McCrary, dec’d. applies to this court for le
of dismlflsiou from his said guardian<iiip, and it appearing t
court that therstati* of his said ward ha* been fairly anti prt
ly disposed of, It it therefore ordereJ, Thnt the legal noth
given of this application, and, unless cause bo shewn to the
trnry within forty days from this application, the said guardian
will lit fully relented from his said guardianship.
A trur extract from the nduutei.tim 2d March, 1323.
march 16 R. A. GRBKNE, C. C. O.
Wakhimoton, Mahcii 4 I8J9.
inaugural address
Delivered by General Andrew Jnekson on being
sworn into office as President ofthe U. Stales
on the 4Ui of March. I (129.
Fellow Citizens: About to undertake the
sriuns duties that I have (teen appointed tn pu-
f irm, by the choice of a free people, I avail u.y
self of this customary and solemn "cession, t<
express Ihe gratitude which (heir confidence in
spires, anil to acknowledge the accountability
"hii'll my ‘notation enjoins. While tkn magni
tude of iheir interests convinces me that no thanks
can he adequate to the honor they have conferred,
i 1 admonishes me Ihat the best return I ean make,
is the Zealous dedication of my humhle abilities
to; heir sc wire and their good
As (lie instrument of the Federal Constitution,
i. will devolve on me, for a stated period, to exe
cute the law, of the United SIbIcf; to superintend
tbeir foreign and their confederate relations; - o
manage their revenue; to command their forces;
and, hy contmunioation.s to the Lrgislaiure, to
Watch over and to promote their interests gener
ally. And the principles of action hy which I
sit 'll endeavour to accomplish this circle of du
des. it is now proper Tor me briefly to explain.
In ailminislering the laws of Congress, I shall
lte.ep steadily in view the liqpi'ations as well as
'he lAtfrr.t ofthe executive power, trusting there
by tn discharge the functions of my office, with
out transcending its authority. With foreign na
tions it will be tty study to preserve peace, and
< - cultivate, friendship, on fair and honorable
t'Tiu? ; and io the adjuctment nf any differences
ho* tT ,ay , xist or arise, to rxhibit the forbear-
an. e becoming a powerful nation rather than the
L rsibiliiy belonging io a gallant people.
In «ttrh measures as I may he called on to pnr-
Tie in regard to tha rights of the separate States,
I Itnpr (o be animated hy a proper respect for
those sovereign members of our Union; taking
■are riot tn confound the powers they have reser-
ved.to themselves, with those they have granted
tithe confederacy.
Tit'-m inpg'ment of the public revenue—that
searching onerntien in all governments—is among
ti e most tb lit ate and important trusts in ours;
a d it e ill, of course, demand no incunsideralih
sliar ,0! my offi' ial solicitude. Under every ns-
''vet io •thieli it c m he considered, it would ap
pe.ir that advantage must result from the obser.
vsrguMtf n strict and faithful economy. This I
shall aim at Iho more anxiously, both because it
will facilitate the extinguishment of the national
debt—the unnecessary duration of which is in
compatible with real independence—and because
jt 9 ill counteract that tendency to public and
p i> ale profl : gacy, which a profuse expenditure
nf money hy the Government, is but too apt to
p u'r oiler. Powerful auxiliaries to the attainment
of'his desirable end. are tn be found in the regu
I itiuns provided by the wisdom of Congress, for
the s ', rifie appropriation nf public money, and
tit" pr mpt Rcrountahility of public officers.
Wd'i regard to a proper selection of the sub
j rt? of impo-t. with n view to revenue, it wou d
s' • tn 'o me that the spirit of equity, caution, and
compromise, i»w hiclt the Constitution was fur-
ined, requires that the great interests of agricul
tore, enoimercp, and manufactures, should be
eipieby f.unred; and that, perhaps, the only ex-
coptran to thi. t ule, should consist in the peculiar
encouragement of any products of either of
them, that nt iy be found essential to our national
irtilependence.
Internal improvement, and the difl'usion of
knowledge, sofar as they can he promoted by
die Constitutional acts of ihe Federal Government,
are,qijhigh importance.
Considering standing armies ns dangerous to
tW iwvernments, in tiinc'-of peace. I i*MI not
'sn k to enlarge ntir present est h'.isliment. nor
t|Usregard that salutary Jesson of political experi
ence which teaches that tbe niilitaty ‘hoidd be
IteJd subordinate tn the civil power The gradu
.at increase of onr navy, whoso flag has displayed,
rn distant climes, onr-.kill in navigation, and onr
rirmhitt arms; the | wserration nf our forts, arse
nslx, ami dockyards: and the introduction of pro
gtessit" improi. menifc in Ihe discipline nnd S'
ebce of both branches of our military service, an
■ > plainly prescribed by prudcncf, that 1 shook
be excused for omitting their mention, sooner
than for enlarging on their importance. Rut the
B ALDWIN County, GeofSa.—Court of
Orillnarj., March Term, USB.—tll.'LE NISI.
UPON ih«*npplirntitni»i Jaui'.s Camnk iiml R- II. L.Rarlmimn
7~ .»*»» *■'>»<■• •»« I* V I•.!*•«. 4*ss'«.l statin*
(Key are about closing Ok- buslncs* of said ?«tnti> ( nnd wi*h
dismissed therefrom—! t Is therefore ordered, That six in
notice he given of U‘.i*iinpllraiion, |>y publication in one of the
public gazelles of this place, nnd that at the explrntlon of said
term, upon propt-r exaiuination Into the mlmiimtrntionof sn , ‘ l —
tale, letters nl '.iiunission will be granted, unless cause be s
to the coMrwfy.
A U-ue extract from the minutes, this 2d March,
Bareli 16— mfim R A. (JRKKNE, V. C
■BALDWIN < bounty, Georgia.—Court of|
mJJ Ordinary, March Term. 1839—HULK MSI.
WHEREAS Simeoh Kemn,ndminifitrator with the will annex
ed, on the estate of Taimey T. Pine, dec’d. applies to thifiroi
to be ditinUscd from fin id administration, alledgiuc that the «g
estate ha* been fully nnd faithfully administered—It is thereO
ordered. That the legal notice lie given of this application, nnd
thnt, unless cause he shewn to the contrary, within six month!
front the ditto nl this application, the said administrator will be
discharged from his said administration.
A true extract from the minutes, 2d Mnrrh, 1829.
march 16—m6m_ _ It. A. <• KEENE, C. C. O,
B ALDWIN County, Georafa-*-Court of
Ordinary, March Adjourned Term, 1829.
WHEREAS, it is made the duty of this court to issue proeesi
against all defaulting Executors, Administrator* nnd Ounrdini
who shall fail to make nnnunl returnsof the state and rondith
of the estates with which they are severally charged, and it np'
nenringto the contt, that many such are so in default, nnd have
lieen for many years—It is therefore ordered, That all such de
faulting Executors, Administrators and Guardians, make return
of the state nnd rendition of theestates they manage respective
ly, on or before the next regular term of thi* court, as in default
herein, they will he dealt with, iiidiseriminntrly, nurording
law in such cases made nnd provided. Ami it is further nronru.
Thnt the Clerk have this Rule published twice n month in one of
the public gnzettes in this place, until the next regular term a for*
salt!.
A true extract from the minutes, this 7. Ii March, 1829.
marcblO K. A. GREENE, C. C. O.
INliOF, County, Georgm.—Henry if.
IfM Pumpkin, administrator on the estate of Eber Tompkins,
LAi\D SALES.—The sales of the puh-
tic lantls at this plaro clnsnd on (lie 11th inst. Tho
commissioners .are now engaged in preparing their re
turn, and na soon as that ia completed for enough to
enable them to do so, they will, we are informed, give
to the public an accurate necouctpl the same.
The Innugurnl Address was received here
n Wednesday morning last, the 11th instant at 8
o'clock. It was delivered in Washington City on the
4th nt 12 n clock—sent abroad in printod form at 1
Was brought to Itab'igli, North-Carofina in 28 hours—
to Fn\etteville in 35 hours There it was reprinted,
forwarded South by the mail, nnd wns received hero
as above stated —in the short space of 163 hours from
tile time it left Washington.
dec’ll, applies for lettc
SHid estate—
And Felix Lewis, administrator on tl
son, dec’d. applies for letters of disinis’
from his admin
, if any they hav.
en under my ha
rh 16—m6n
aid letters should
I this oth tiny mi M..n il, l»J!i.
ELIAS HE ALL, C. C. O.
M ONROE Comity, Gcorgiii.—benjamin
F. Ward applies for letters of administration on the es
tate of Thomas I*. Swann, Inte of said
And Parham Rurkner npplici
the estate of Benjamin Buckner, Sr. late
unty, tier’d.
rs of administration on
.......... ol snid county, dec’d.
therefore to rite the kindred nnd creditors!)! said dec’.l
pear nt my office, within the time prescribed by law, to shew
, if any they have, w’hysnid letters should not he granted.
C 2J.EORGIA, l’utimm County. .liilins
M A. Askew applies for letters of administration de bonis
non on tRe estate of Jei
a i a I a Good w
• he kindred
tiny office, within the t
editors of said tier’d
rlbed hylnw, to
grant-
shew cause, ifany they linve why said letters should not
ed# Given under my hand thi* tth day of March. 1829.
THOMAS C. EVANS. V
D OOLY county, Georgia.—Charles Ly-
•mm applies for letters of ndmini-tration on the estate* ol
Willinm Lynum, late of said county dec’d.
This is therefore to cite the kindred and creditors of ««dd dcr’d
to he and appear at my office, within the time prescril*cd by law,
to shew cause, if any they have, why said letters of administration
should not lie granted.
Given uuder my hand this 2d day of March, 1820.
SAMPSON L. L.A.MI’KIN, C. C. O
C LARK County, Georgia. Stephen
Crow, of Capt. Vincent’s (list, tolled before John Parker,
Esq. on the 4th Janunry Iasi, a dark hav mare mule, appears to
have lieeii branded on the left thigh with the letter K, about 4 feet
high, 25 or 3P years old ; appraised to .5 dollars.
march 10 ROBERT LIOON, C. J. c.
STOP THE THIEF.
REWARD. Stolen from the
plantation ol James Pnn, deceased,on the night
ot the21th of February last,two 1IORSKS, one a black about II
years old, some white on his feet nnd in his fnce, very heavy made,
about 11 1-2 hands high ; the other a bay Horse, about 1.7 years
year* old, r> hands high, slim made, hi« eye* are not good, one in
particular, has run until it has taken off the hair very much nhout
the eye, and racks tolerable well, the black i« n very rough trot
ting fellow, hath were in very good order when taken. The above
reward will he given for the thief and horses, delivered to Har
man II. Geiger executor lor said estate, living in Jnsper countv,
nenr Murder creek, or ten dollars for either of the Horses.
HEW \ III.). Runaway from
Phninas Orant, lute of Jnsper county, deceased
Miiiint... in the fall of 1828, n negro man named ABRAHAM, a-
bout 40 years of age, Afeetffi or 8 inches high, dark eomplected,
formerly belonged lo Willinm Jeffers, of Jasper county. Any per-
son apprehending ’•aid negro nnd confining him in any jail, «„ a *
we can get him, shall receive 20 dollars,or ki if delivered to either
of the executors. DANIEL GRANT, )
THOMAS GRANT, S Ex’or«.
PETER GRIN NELL, S
!D* The Augu«ta Courier will insert the above wlw and for
ward their account to the «ub»cribers.
Monticello, March 16—4t
Ify the President of the United States.
I N pursunnee of law, I. JOHN QUINCY
A PA M*», President «»f the I'nitcd States of America, do here
by declare and make knonn.that n puhlie vale, will be held at the
Land Office,nt TALLAHASSEE, in the I eriitory of West Flo
rida, on the third Monday in Ma> next, lor thcdisposnl ofthe pub
lic lands included within the limit* of the undermentioned town-
ships nnd fractional townships,to wit:
Fractional townships 2, 7, 4, . r >and»«, of range?.
Townships I. 2, 3, 4. and :>. of range* 20anu 2i.
Townships 1, 7. 4, nnd A. ol range 22.
The lands r
A - ill be
Ml hy
rtiie
eluded from the vale,
rhools
the towest numhe
in the order above designated.
tier my hand, nt the City of Washington, this twenty
February, A. D. 1829.
JOHN QUINCY ADAMS.
fourth day ci
By the Pi e
XT Printers ot the IjiwmoI the United states
leorciaand Territory of Florida, are requested I
oregoiug proclamation once a week until ine day o
WOTICE. All permits indebted to the
estate of Thomas Grant, late of Jasper county, dec’d. are.
gi\ en. The
bonds of Ml
against Chet
their pay.
R EVOCATION.— Sometime 111 January
or February, 1827, I gave a power of attorney to Josiah
. The said Horn is since dead, and, I am
id power. This is therefore to notify the
...... er ot attorney Is hereby revoked, nndful-
J completely nullified anti set aside t» nil intents and purpo-
». BENJAMIN KAIRf LOTlt
DnncPMville, Gen March 16
unable
public that the
THE CENTRAL RANK.—Mr. Niles
of tho Weekly Ucgistor, toko hint off tho “Ameri
can System," .s generally a man of good, sound,
practical every day sense:—none of your theorist*,
who will construct you a syatem right off hand, but
which, when tn he put into motion, will go, l:ke tho
Frenchman's clock, only when you carry it On tho
lubject of Banks especially at nil periods,from the fa
mous Kentucky project that sprenrl moral desolation
nfer that fair region.even down in the time uf this
prei*m wdtinft, hif femmks tinvr boon nlmo«?t pro-
phetic We Impo they may not turn out to be so, os
regards the Cen ral Bank
\ rt them is great danger, however wc may hopo
for tho contrary, that his predictions in this enso ntny
he fulfilled—We havo been concerned in the man
agement of one Bank here, in times past ; and heneo
bornrno prettv well acquainted with the worldly con
dition of many of ita customers. We have boen
Agents lor n number of persons having business in an
other oi our Banks In both cases wo have been
particularly altentivo to the cfl'ect which eitensivo
or even limited accommodations have had on those
who have obtained them. To be thus attentive
wo havo had two motives—sheer curiosity in the
first plnce: nnd in the second, n desire to ascer
tain whether experience would establish what we
havo always held to bn sound doctrine in theo
ry—that Bank accommodations are moat generally
ruinous lo farmers The result of n long aerie*
of observations, made under these circumstances,
and with these opportunities to make them correctly,
is a thorough conviction that, in the language of Mr.
Niles, “ Banks ate a ettrso to farmers.”
Since Banks wero first established in tho tipper port
of our State, ample opporlunitr has been afforded to
■ large portion of our citzons to make tlyj same ob
servations. Vet they seem to bn exceedingly anxious
thnt the evil should bo extended by the commence,
■tent of the operation of the Central Bank. Thi?
appear to look to it, as to a remedy that is lo cure ail
tho ills thnt now afl’ect the country. Its necommodn-
tions, in their hnlief, ore lo relieve the people from all
tho pecuniary embarrassments under which they now
labor.
It is tndeod strnngo that a man who is in debt,
should look forwnnl to relief from stmplv ehongin-
his debt from Ins neighbor ton Bank :•*—Mill moro
strange is it that a man boasting of his personal free
dom, and of the free spirit that pervades nil tho in-
atitulioos of his country, should consider himself re-
lived from thnt most odious thraldom—debt—hy sim
ply changing his master. Relief !!—A man who in
in debt is never absolutely his own mastei until his
debt h paid. His chains aro never broken until nil hin
bonds and notos aro canceled. A wise man will nev
er fool that he ts relieved until this is done. Tho on
ly nerinin mode nf getting relief of this sort will
ho found-- not in borrowing money from tho Central
Bank the Hintn Bank, or any other Bunk, public or
privato—but co following, with inflexible resolution,
tho course pointed out in this paper, hy a writer who
calls himself An old Farmer. That's the king-curn
nil- -Let tho medicine be taken without stint, every
whom }
Rend what Mr Niles •ays—tlten turn to tho Plain
Talk of an old Farmer Read that: -and, instead of
thinking about the Central Bank, and (the relief you
expect it lo afford in the country, go right tu work,
and submit, as cheerfully as you can to tho stern de-
erno nf in Ii nit n wisdom : in the sweat of tliy broU)
shall thou eat thy \rant,nil the days of thy life. In
stead of writing letters tn tho ollicers of the Central
Bank, to know when it will begin to administer its
opiates, save your ink and pnper to keep an account
lor the future edification uf yourselves nnd your ohil-
tlron, of iho improvements you make in the comforts
nnd tho appearance of your firms, nnd in your modes
of extrarnng trim and substantial wealth from them.
But if you still rely on tho Bank liir relief, lako
care how you expect ton much. Depend un it thero
will be severe disappointment. Its drops of comfort,
we fear, will enmo more slowly thnn ever did rich old
honey Iront a narrow necitod bottle of a cold morn
ing.
From Niles' Register.
flanks a Curse to Farmers.
An act wan passed at the last session of the Legis
lature) of Georgia to ostnhliah a new hank at Miiledgo>
ville, to ho rnllcd “ Tho Central Bank of Georgia.’*
It seems chiefly designed for making loans to agti-
eulturalists and fir long periods and if eater«ivo in
its operations, that is, liberal in its loans, it will proh-
ably bankrupt from one third to one half of the plan
ters who shall deal liberally with it, in the space of
ten years—or prove itself an exception to all other
institutions, or projects, got up for the accommodation
of farmers. Tho passage of this act, we think, will
ho more injurious to Georgia than the tariff laws aro
supposed to be. We shall see, if any one planter
within the range of this new bank, who ia at present
in comfortable circumstances, ah •!! respect truth, aq
it has shown itself in other Suites ; let him refrain
from borrowing, or assisting others to borrov } mon
ey from this bank for five years,—and we venture to
say that he will make n grand profit out of hia real
capital in the purchase of lands nnd slaves at reduc
ed rates if so he shall wish to employ it. It ia true,
that, in the mean time, some will seem as if ready to
ride over him, but they will ride too fast to ride long:
and they will ho brought up hy the Sheriff, ns were
thousands of farmers in Pennsylvania, who until
hanks were located in their neighborhood, were len•
(Itrs, instead of borrowers, of money. A melan
choly instnnre of this description was presented in
tho person of a venerable and wealthy, and industri
ous, saving and temperate German farmer who called
upon us a few months ago. Before the establishment
of a hank in his vicinity, he was esteemed worth
200,000 dollars--his barns were filled with the choi
cest fruits of tiro earth, and his chest abounded .with
dollars He gave the use of his name to others, but*
soon had to use it for himself; and now, we believe,
is little better than a laborer on one of the fine farms
that he owned. Agriculturalists should avoid banks
as they would scorpions--unlers under particular cir-
< umstances, and with a decided understanding and
riMilution, that all engagements made with them
shall he canceled at maturity-'-without any extension
of what is called accommodation Then a hank m«y
render a service to a farmer, but, in its ordinary
transactions, it will eat up his substance.