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EDUCATION.
DOMESTIC DUTIES.
The following nro the introductory romnrks
to a work recently "ptiblish«d, entitled “ Domes-
tioDuhts. or Instructions In Young Married La
dies," by Mrs. Parkcs. They are well worth)
of perusal.
“ Jlow great is the change which is instenth
rffeefsil in tho situation of a woman, by il >
Jew solemn words pronounced at theuliar!—
She, who the tnonient before was without au
thority or responsibility, n happy, perhaps
careless, member of one family, finds herself,
as if by tnogir, at the head of another, and in
volved in duties oftho highest importance. If
she possess good sense, her earnest wish will
bo to act properly in her now sphere. Many,
no doubt, by previous judicious instruction, as
sisted by their ow n observations, arc well pre
pared to sustain their part with judgment and
temper: but some there are whose situations,
or whose dispositions, have led them into other
pursuits; and who, consequently, find them
selves, ns soon as they are married, without
that information and those principles of nrtion
by which their future conduct ought to ho gov
erned. For the guidance of these the follow
ing pages arc intended.
“ Tho married and single ststo equally de
maml the exercise and improvement of the
best qualities of the heart and the mind. Hin-
cerity, discretion, u well governed temper, for
getfulness of self, charitable allowance for the
frailty of httmnn nature ure nil requisite in hotli
conditions. Dm the single woman being, in
general, responsible for her own conduct solely,
is childly required to cultivate passive qualities.
'I'u full easily into the domestic current of regu
latiotis and linbits; to guard with care against
those attacks of caprice and ill humor which
might disturb its course ; to assist, rather than
to lake the lend, in all family arrangements, arc
among her duties ; while the married womnu,
In w hose hands arc the happiness and welftirn
of oibci s, is called upon to lend, to regulate anil
to romuinnd. She has to examine every point
in the new situation into which sho is trails
plumed ; to cultivate in herself, and lo encour
ago in her husband, rational \ domestic tastes,
which may prove sources of amusement in
every stage of their lives, nod particularly at the
latter period, when other resources shall have
lost their power to charm. Hlir> has lo propor
tion, not ns in tho single state, her own person
al expenses merely, hut the w hole expenditure
oflicr household, to the income which she is
now to command ; and in tiiis part of her duly
there Is often e.vcrciso for self-denial ns well ns
for judgment- The condition of her httsbund
may require her to abandon, not only habits of
expense, but even those ol'generosity. It may
demand from her u rigid adherence to econo
my, neither easy nor pleasant, when contrary
habits and tastes have, under mnro liberal cir
cumstances, beau fixed and cultivated. Such
alterations in Imliit may at first he regarded ns
sacrifices, hut, in the end, they w ill meet their
compensation in the satisfaction which always
results from the consciousness of acting with
propriety & consistency. Sometimes, however,
the means of indulging lihcrul and generous
propensities are extended by marriage. Where
this is the ense, that extreme attention to econo
nty which circumscribes the expenditure very
much within thu boundaries of the income,
would betray a narrow and menu spirit, and
would have tho eflcct to abridge the blessings
uhich,by nfiltience, may he dispensed around.
“ No woman should place herself tit the
head of a family without feeling tho importance
oflho character which sho has to sustain
Her example alone may a fibril heller instruc
tion than either precepts or admonitions, both
Xn her children and servants. Dy a “ daily beau
ty” in her life, sho may present n model by
which all nround her will insensibly mould
Ibemstlvcs. “ Knowledge is power” only
w hen it fits ns for the station in which wo find
ourselves placed—then it gives decioion
ghnrnelcr; and every varying circumstance of
tile is mot with calmness for the principle to
net upon is at hand ; than wc nro prepaid! ei
ther to add our share to tho amusement and
mtrrcst of general society, or to lend oor
strength, on the demand of our nearest tieB, to
support, comfort, nr instruct. Duty will not ho
an appalling word to those whoso minds arc
properly framed. Indeed, they who hove mndn
it tho rule of their lives have found it also tho
source of their happiness; while in others thr
consciousness of having neglected ita precepts
bus corroded every power of enjoyment."
ECONOMY IN A FAMILY.
There is nothing which goes so far towards
I hieing young people beyond the reach of po-
verty, us economy in tho management of their
domestic atfuirs. It is ns much impossible to
get n ship across the atlantie with half a dozen
butts started, or as many polt holes in her hot-
tout, as to conduct the concerns of a family
without economy. It matters not whether a
man furnishes little or much for his family, if
there is a continual leakage in tho kitchen, or
ill the parlour, it tuns away, ho knows not how,
that demon, waste, cries more, like the horse
leech's daughter, until he that provides has no
more to give. It is tint husband's duty to bring
into the house, and it is duty of the with to seo
that nothing goes wrongfully out of it: not the
least article, however unimportant in itself, for
it establishes a precedent; not under any pre
tence, fur it opens the door for ruin to stnlk in
and he seldom leaves an opportunity unimpro
ved. A man gets a wife to look after his ttf-
iiiirs: to assist him in his journey through life;
in educate and prepare his children for a pro
per station in life, and not to dissipate his pro
perty. The husband's interest should be tho
w ife’s care, and Iter greatest ambition can y her
no further than his welfare and happiness, to
gether with that of her children. This should
lie her sole aim ; and the theatre of her ex-
I lolls is in the bosom of Iter family, where she
may do as much towards making a fottune ns
bo possibly can in the counting room or the
workshop. It is not tho money earned that
makes a man wealthy; it is wlmt is saved
from his earnings. A good and prudent hus
band makes a deposit of tho fruits of his la
bour with his best friend; and if,that friend
be not true to him, what has ho to hope ; if he
dare not place confidence in the companion of
his bosom, w here is ho lo place it ? A w ife
acts not for herself only, but she is the agent of
many she loves, nml she is hound to act for
their good, and not for her own gratification.---
Her husband's good is the end at which she
should aim, his approbation is her reward.—
.Self gratification in dress, or indulgence in ap
petite, or mnro company than his purse can
well entertain, nre equally pernicious. The
first adds vanity to extravagance; the second
fastens n th'CttudaJiiW-trni lung butcher's nr
■ omit, ami the latter brings intemperance, the
Vwst i f all ;vils, in its trains. [JV u i>. Gn-
FORE1GN.
THE VOCATION OF SCHOOLMASTERS-
The following eloquent tribute to tho wortli
ol the schoolmaster is extracted from a report
prepared on behalf of the New York High
School, some time ago, by the lion. Gl-lliam
C. Vehplanck. President of the Bunrd.
It has been to me a source of pleasure,
though n melancholy one, that in rendering
this public tribute to the work of our departed
friend, the respectable members of two bodies,
one <if them the most devoted and cllicienl in
its scientific inquiries, the other comprising so
many names eminent fur philuntbropy and
learning, have rnet to do honor to the memory
of a Schoolmaster.
There are prouder themes for the eulogist
than this. The praise of the statesman, the
warrior, or tho orator, furnish more splendid
topics for ambitions eloquence ; hut no tliemo
can he more rich in desert, or more fruitful in
public advantage.
The enlightened liberality of ninny of our
State Governments (amongst whirl) we may
claim a proud distinction for our own] has been
extending the common school system over their
whole population, and brought elementary ed
ucation to the door of every family. In this
Stale, it appears, from the annual reports of the
Secretary of State, there ore, beside the fifty
incorporated academies and numerous private
schools, hclwcen eight and nine thousand
sc hool districts, in each of which instruction is
regularly given. These container! Inst yenr
111,850 inught in the single .State of New York,
towhiehmity he added nino or ten thousand
mure in the higher seminaries of learning ex
clusive of the colleges.
Of what incalculable inlluence, then, for gooil
nr evil, upon thu dearest interests of society
must he the estimate entertained for the charac
ter of this grenl body of teachers, nod the con
sequent respectability of the individuals who
compose it.
At the recent General Election of this State
the voles of 27d,000 persons wore taken. In
thirty years tho great majority of these will
have passed away. Then rights will ho exer
cised, anil the duties assumed hy those very
children whose minds are now open to rereive
the earliest and most durable impressions from
the ten thousand m-hoolmasters of this Stute.---
What else is there in the w hole of our sociul
system of such extensive nml powerful opera
lion on the nation’s character ? There is one
other inlluence more powerful, and hut ono.—
It is tliul ofthe moTtien. The forms of a free
Government, the provisions of n wise logislu-
tiott, the schemes of a statesman, the sacrifices
of the patriot, nro ns nothing compared with
these. If the future citizens of our Republic
ore to ha worthy of their rich .Inheritance, they
must be made so principally through tho virtue
nml intelligence oflhcir mothers. It is in that
seltool of maternal tenderness that the kind nf-
foctions must he first roused ami iiiatlo habitual
—the early sentiments of piety awakoned and
rightly directed—the sense of duty and moral
responsibility unfolded and enlightened, lint
next in rank and efficacy to that puro, and holy
source of moral iullucttco, is that of tho schoof-
tnnster. It is powerful already. What would
it be, in every one of thoso school districts
which wo now count, by annually increasing
thousands, there were to im found otto teacher,
well informed, without pedantry, religious
without bigotry or fanaticism, proud and fond
of his profession, and honored in the discharge
of its duties ? How tyide would he the intcllcc
tual, tho moral inlluence of such a body or
men ?
Matty such have wo amongst us. Rut lo
rttiso up a body of such met), they ami their
calling must he chcrisltod and honored.
The Schonlninster's occupation is laborious
ami ungrateful : ita rewards are scanty and
precarious, llo may indeed ho animated hy
the consciousness ofdoing good, that best of
all consolations—that noblest of all motivos.—
Rut that too must ho often clomlod by doubt
ami uncertainty. Obscura nml inglorious as
his daily occupation may appear to learned
pride and worldly ambition, yet to he success
till nml happy, ho must ho animated hy tho
spirit ofthe samo great principles which inspir
ed tho most illustrious benefactors of mankind.
If lie bring lo his task high talent and rich ac
quirement, ho must lie content to look into dis
tant years for tho proof that Itis labors have
not been wasted—that the good seed which lie
daily scatters abroad docs not fall on the stony
ground nml wither away, nr nmong thorns to
lie choked by the cares, the delusions, or the
vices of this world, lie must solace his toils
with the same prophetic faith which enabled
the grentrst of modern philosophers, amidst
the neglect or contempt of his own times, to
regard himself ns “ sawing the seed of truth”
for posterity, ami the coro of Heaven, lie
must arm himself against disappointment nml
mortification, with n portion of that same noble
confidence which soothed the greatest of mod
ern poets when weighed down hy care nml
danger, hy poverty, old age, and blindness—
In prophetic dream ho saw
The youth unborn, with pious awr,*
Imbibe each \ Irtuo from Its sacred pans'.
IIow imperious, then, tho obligation upon
every enlightened citizen, who knows and
feels the value of such men, to aid them, to
cheer them and to honor them! One of the
establishments of this Society was designed,
wo hopo successfully to improve and extend
female education. Our other institution for
male education has had, besides it direct ef
fect, the happy incidental one of elevating the
station, enlarging the usefulness, and contrihu
ling to raise the character of thu schoolmaster
amongst us.
Humldc, then, as our labors in founding and
fostering this institution may seem, and limited
ns they arc in their sphere ol* action, wo may
look hack to them with the purest satisfaction,
since their certain fruits must he tho diffusion
of light, and truth, and virtue, through the
purest and most powerful of all agents, the
motnt'.u and the hcuoolmaster. 1 *
hy cans*
the next
\H.U1 WOMEN.—Tho Arab women on
tiie bunks of the Nile add to delicacy of form
nml natural elegance,a striking simplicity of
tiros. The poorest wear nothing hut a long
blue cheini-f, with u veil of (ho same colour
- »*ne corner of which veil they hold in their
mouths, w hen they meet any men, especially
Europeans. A large mask of black tnfteta
covers the laces ot the richer females, leaving
nothing to he seen hut tho t*\
h wl. I’.r rings, se\,r:d necklaces of shells or
fwc, intermingled with amulets of silver or of
ptilUlied copper, bracelets various and multipli
ed : the chin, the hands, ami u part ofthe units,
lutooed with blue, the eye lashes tinged with
Muck ; such are the particulars which complete
the dress of an Arab female, and which not
withstanding their apparent fantusticnluess
From the Constitutionalist.
Mu. Huncf..—Will oblige a friend
ing the enclosed to ho republished Jin
Constitutionalist.
“ It is stated of Sir Walter Raleigh, that he
entrusted Hen Johnson with tho education of
his oldest son. Johnson was a severe master
and his pupil determined hy means of his vices
to froe himself from his tyranny. fc>ir Walter
had an utter abhorrence of drunkenness, a sin
to which Johnson had no great aversion. One
day, when he was intoxicated, voting Raleigh
scut him, in a huge basket to his father, and the
porters informed the knight that their young
master had sent home his tutor ! Tho follow
ing is an extract from Sir Walter’s instructions
to hissoii nml to posterity.
“ Take especial care that thou delight nut in
wine, for there never was any man that came
to honor or preferment that loved it ; for it
transformeth a man into u beast, decuyeili
health, poisoueih the breath, destroycih natu
ral heat, deformeth the face, rot loth the teeth,
and to conclude, maketh a man contemptible,
soon old, and despised of ail wise and worthy
men, bated in thy servants, in thyself ami cuiii-
nnd the fore- pinions; for ii is a bewitching and infectious
— • ** i "— vice. And romeinber my w< rd*», that it were
better for a man to be subject to any vice than to
it : for all other vanities and sins are recovered,
but ti drunkard will net rr shake olftlie delight of
beastliness; fur the longer it possesselh a man,
the more he shall he subject to it; fur it dwell-
eih in tho spirits, and destroy uth the body, as
ivy doth the old tree, or as tho worm that eti-
5 ‘ndrr^h in kernel of the nuu”
DOMESTIC.
LATEST FROM ENGLAND.
New York, May G.—By the arrival yesterday'*f
tho fast sailing packet ship Columbia, Captain Dr.i a
no, from London, whence she sailed on the 1st April,
we are indebted to Capi Delano tor files of London
papers from 34th to 31st March inclusive. The late
hour at which they came to hand, together with the
space occupied by the report of the Common Cnun
cil proceedings, compel us to make but a summary
of the most important items. Neither our Lloyd’s
List nor prices current have yet corne to hand.
CATHOLIC EMANCIPATION.
Mr Peels Bill ns amended, passed a third rend
ing in the House of Commons on the 30lh March, hy
tho following vote :
Affirmative, 320
Negative, M2
Majority in favor of the Bill, 17H
Mr Peel was then directed, amidst great cheering,
to cany tho bill to tho Lords for their iissent
On the same day, the Catholic disfranchisement
Bill was rend n third timo and sent to the Lords for
concurrence.
Tho fute of the Emancipation bill in fho House of
Lords is still doubtful. The Morning Herald sav*
The Premier has expressed more than ordinary itnx
iety to obtain tho support of Lord Tv.NTv.Knr.K to Ins
Catholic hills when they reach the upper House,
but that his Lordship has hitherto evinced a marked
reluctance to commit his high legal reputation,
nil mixing with the subject.
The Mtundard of the 31st says, Ministers have been
in active communication from an early hour thin mnr
ning. The Duke of Wellington has, since Ins return
from Windsor, boon viaited by most of bis colleagues
Tho result of his Grace’s interview with his Majesty
has not of courso transpired ; it is however confident
ly stated to have boon of a most interesting and vi
tally important measuro. Rumors aro to d.iy oven
more prevalent than yesterday
Tho Mtandard, of 31m M arch, says A King'*
messenger arrived ot the Foreign Office at a lute h <ur
Inst night, with dispatches from Mr. HlruTord Can
ning, at Naples. It in staled that the Right linn gen
tleman is about to he relieved from the care of l.i*
embassy, and that ho will bo succeeded by Air Gm
don, hrolhor to Lord Aberdeen. Ilia probable .Mr
Guidon will proceed to Constantinople.
City, Tuesday,',} o'dark, March 31.
Consols for Account, 87 3-8 1 2.
Paris, March to—Five per cents, 107f 85c 90c
9,*>o. Three per Cents, 79 f 25c 3f)e. 35e. 30o. 25c
Bank Actions, 1855P. IIaytinn Loan 480f.
TURKEY
From the Untvtte tic France.
Smyrna, f'eh. 21.—M. Jim hurt roiitiniins to
seo tIto Reis Etl-mli from time to timo, Gut
tltcir interviews me tlti'tiitcr-sling, nml will he
so, till the return ufunswurs from Paris nml
Lontlon.
The Porte hopes that the Representatives of
the Court of Franco nml Englnml will he sent
to Constantinople, or some plnce in the vicinity
to route to n fimtl arrangement. It is supposed
tlint Russiii, entirely oce.upieil hy nttention to
its own interests, Inis agreed that the affairs id'
Greerc tdiall lie treated Gy the two plenipoteii
tim iep. It has promised its assent In whatever
may he done ; and we do nut see any thing to
oppose this arrangement. It is even thought
when this arrangement is once made it will
immediately lead to a tttediution between the
two belligerent powers. Meantime prcpnra
lions continue. Troops tire daily arriving
from Asia, and great quantities of cnnnnu end
tiutmuutlion are embarked and sent to Kudnsti,
to fortify several points on the Sen ofMiiomra,
and the side of Adrinnnple. Corn daily heroines
mure scarce nml very dear. The ruh illations
which certnin persons linvo made, to prove the
impossibility of starving Constantinople, may
not prove very correct. Howevor, the Porte
has just tuken a mottsnre hy which it is export
ed to relieve this .scarcity.
Two Russian ships of the lino nml two fri
gates have gone to cruize olfCantlia, Rhodes
and Alexandria, to intercept all convoys from
Egypt.
The Greeks, seeing themselves again sup
ported far from returning to order, will put
every thing tolirc & sword Sc occasion reprisal-
on the part of'tlie Turks.
Admiral d« Rigttny was to go to E.'.'inn, to so
the President, but now itis not known where
ho will go, fur it seems the President is going to
Nuvortno
Recent letters front ,1 onion, (as reported at
Corfu, 32tl Felt.) stnte that Redschid Pacha,
had received front Constantinople the newso
his nomination to the post of Grand Vizier.—
He was to set out during tlto ennrse of the fid
lowing mnntli to take the rniinnatitl in chief of
the nrtny in the field. Ilis eldest son Emir lley,
who is 10 years of age, has been appointed
Pnclin of two tails.
The Election of the new Pope would, it is
said, take plnce altotil the l llli nr I5th of March
Tho French papers state that Gen. Wittgen
stein, lias resigned the command of the Russian
nrmy, and is suecpcded hy Gen. Diehitselt.—
Gen. \V. ascribes liis retirement to his age.
.From the Savannah Georgian.
The rumours relative to some recent disco
veries in the Treasury Department, which it
was said led to the suicide of one of the Clerk-
in the Fourth Auditor’s office, are confirmed
hy the following prompt proceeding ofthe gov
eminent, “ Dr. Tobias Watkins, (says the Phil
adelphia Sentinel, of the 2d inst.) recently
fourth auditor in the Treasury Department of
the United Stntes, wns arrested in this eity late
at night on Thursday last, upon n warrant is
sued hy the District Judge, wherein he is chn-
ged with sundry fraudulent practices in procur
ing money from the Treasury. An order for
tlte removnl of the prisoner to the place of trial
was procured hy the District Attorney, nml
yesterday, at noon. Di. Wutki/t* was taken to
Washington under an escort of the Marshal
Rumours upon this subject have beet, in rircii
liition for some time hack, which, a- the law i«
taking it- course, ought not to he repented In a
public Journal, anil we therefore rufrain.---
The warrant had been out for sntne days, nml
we iimlerstam) that measures to altni'1 this ob
ject,cither here, at Bn-toii, or New York, were
in active progress.”
The following particulars of ibis affair arc
communicated by the correspondent of the
Charleston Courier, which we received las'
evening, under the date of Wasliingsun, .'Id inst.
nml will serve to hIiow the opinions of the po
lilirnl ft icmls of Dr. Watkins:
St a—Dr. Watkins, late -Ith Auditor, wns
brought here yesterday hv an officer having
been arrested in Philadelphia, at the suit nf the
United States. Tin 1 affidavit of Amu- Kendall,
the present 1th Auditor, stales that, Dr. Wat
kins is suspected, ami believed hy him, to have
made certain requisitions on Navy Agents ami
others, which were not authorized, the pay
ment of which lias rendered him n defaulter
to the amount uf 4200 dollars. In the last fort
night, this city has been agitated by the ru-
mourn connected with Ibis business. The de
falcation has been stated nt various amounts,
from 9 to ,'10,000 dollars. But the affidavit
shews it to lie Inn 4200 dollars, supposing that
Dr. Watltiiismay not he able to explain the
transactions. But that he will explain them
-o far as to shew tlmi he has not acted dishon
orably, nor io had faith ill his puhl ffice, his
fi iotids here nre very confident. lie litis uni
fnrmly sustained an unexceptionable character
for integrity, nml it is believed that had he been
disposed now to put that reputation nt hazard
he would, at least, have taken some trouble to
prevent tin exposure, which if guilty, ho must
ho aware would not only lie made hy his polit
ical enemies who nre now in power, hut would
now he used ill every possible way to injure the
Doctor, and to ruin the cause with which he
was connected. The Doctor had left this city
fur the purpose of raising among his friends,
money to purelinse the National Journal. He
Intd been successful inla grent degree, and had
reached Huston, where he expected to be de
mined two or three days, when lie received a
letter from his amt, informing him of the re
ports iu circulation hero. In less than an hour
after ho had received this letter, he was on Ins
wayto Providence, lie was not detained half
an hour in New York, or lie would have been
arrested there, ns it is understood that orders
had been sent thither for that purpose. He
readied Philadelphia on Thursday evening
and was taken about II o’clock, at the Mansion
House. Tho friends of the late Admmistin
lion will not believe thnt Dr. Watkins is guilty,
because he was ill tqtutl danger of detection, if
so, while Mr. Adams was in power --and would
have been promptly dismissed hy Mr. Adntns,
Itnd it been discovered. If he i>e guilty, they
arc nut disposed to screen him from tho rouse
quenees of his guilt. A" there nro charges in
the affidavit of Mr Kendall, of altering accounts,
hail has been required for the appearance of
Dr Watkins at otir Court which meets tomor
row, in $5000 S"llte gentlemen were ready to
hail him yesterday evening, but obstacles were
thrown in the way hv the President, who had
direeteil a lawyer to attend and examine the
sufficiency of the bail, ami he was not to be
found when the bail presented themselves.
A CLUE WANTING.
The following letter reaches ns in tho Nash
ville Repuhlibnii of the I7tb April-- It is a per
fect mystery to n». There is nothing iu th
w hole paper- -nor in the several papers, which
were received from Tennessee yesterday morn
ing, which furnishes the slightest key to this
mysterious letter. It is addressed to General
Hall of Bonnier county, Speaker ofthe Senate,
tow limit in tlio ease of the Governor’s death
nr resignation, the Constitution devolves the
functions or Chief Magistrate. Gait. Ilnll ac
cordingly took the oath of office on the 16th.
We shall lie curious to learn tho particulars of
this singular transaction;
Exect'Ttvt: Op rev, Nashville, T. ?
I CM April 1829. £
Sin: It has become my duty to resign the
office of chief magistrate of the State, and to
place in your hands the authority nml respon
sibility which, on such tin event, devolves on
you by the provisions nf the Constitution.
In dissol ing tile political connexion which
has so long, and in such a variety of form, ex
isted between the people ofTemtessee and my
self, no private nffiietiuns, however deep or in
curable, ran forbid an expression of the grate
ful recollfctioiiH so eminently due to tho kind
partialities of nit indulgent public.
From my earliest youth, whatever of talent
was committed to my enre, has been honestly
cultivated and expended for the common good ;
and nt no period of a life, w hich has certainly
linen marked by a full portion of interesting
events, have any views nf private interest or pri
vnto ambition been permitted lo mingle iu the
highest duties of public irust. In reviewing
the past, I can only regret that my capacity
for being useful wns so unequal to tho devo
tion of my heart; audit is one of the few re
maining consolations of my life, tnnt e.vcn had
I been blessed with ability equal to nty zeal,
and my country’s generous support in every vi-
cisitudo of life, has been more than equal to
them limit.
That veneration for public opinion, by which
I have measured every net nf my official life,
has Inught me to hold no delegated power
which would not be daily renewed by my eon-
stititeuts, could the choice be daily submitted
to n sensible expression of their will. And al
though shielded hy a perfect consciousness nf
undiininislied claim to the confidence ami sup
port f my fellow citizens, yet delicately circum
stanced as I ant. and hy my own misfortunes,
more than by tbo fault or contrivance of any
one, overwhelmed by sudden calamities, it is
certainly due to myself, and more respectful to
the world, that I should retire from a position,
w hich in the public judgment, I might seent to
occupy hy questionable authority.
It yields me no small share of comfort, so far
ns 1 am capable of taking comfort from any
circumstance, that in resigning nty Executive
charge, l am placing it in the hands of one
whose integrity and worth have long been tried;
who understands and w ill pursue the true inter
ests of the State ; and who. in the hour of sue*
r.es nml in the trials of adversity has been the
consistent ami valued friend of that grout and
good man. now enjoying the triumph of his
virtues in the conscious security of a tuitions
gratitude.
SAM HOUSTON.
Ocx. William Hall.
Speaker ofthe Senate, Tenn.
DIPLOMATIC DISTINCTIONS.
In tiie munis of most people there is it con
ally enter tho marine ns midship- fused notion about diplomatic titles, which n
Phil, Daily Chronic!. * is worth while incorrect. Tho terms Umbas-
NAVY OF THR UNITED STATES.
The annexed notice of our Navy is from the
United Service Journal, a monthly mi«ce!
luny devoted to military and naval subject#*, the
publication of which wns lately commenced
hy ono of tho principal London booksellers.
Its candor and accuracy aro in striking con
trast to tho style in which such subjects have
been usually treated hy European writers:
“ Many absurd statements concerninp the
organization of the American Navy have been
circulated in Europe. There is none more
false or more foolish than the story that younjr
mutes of merchantmen ure, or ever have been,
taken for the fiist steps ol* tlte service. Hoys,
between tho njjes of twelve and eighteen, re
ceive the appointment of midshipmen, and, nf
ter having served n certain number of years,
they nre examined for lieutenants. These ex
aminations are very rigid, and they arc con
ducted with the greatest impartiality. While
the writer wns in America, lie formed an inti
macy with tho commander of a frigate. One
day, at Washington, he entered the room of
tho Captain, just as a naval officer of high rank
was quilling it. “Yon met one of the (Tom
missioners al the door, said the writer’s nc
quaintanco ; “he has been to beg I would make
his son, who i-* just ordered to my ship, mind
his hooks. They tell me the young fellow is
clever enough, and a good sailor ; but he fins
been twice defeated in trying to get through his
mathematics, because ho will not study.’ 1 In
what other Navy would the son of a Lord of
tho admiralty lose his commission in two ex
aminations, for the want of a little mathenint-
ics ? The most severe system of examination,
not only into professional qualifications, but in
to moral character, is now rigidly observed in
the American army and navy. Tho lower
ranks of both branches c.f their service ore
admirably filled. Midshipmen, instead of be
ing taken from tho merchant service, have been
often taken from the service under furloughs,
to command merchant ships. No man iu the
world is more jealous of his rank titan the A
merieun navy or nrmy officer. It would far
exceed the power of the President to push his
own son an inch beyond the steps he is entitled
to hy Itis ago and service. Tho Senate would
refuse to approve of sucti#i nomination. The
same impartiality is observed with respect to
commands. A Captain or commander is not
only sure of getting a ship, when his turn
comes, hut he must have nil excellent excuse,
or lie will he made to take one. Doth estab
lishments are kept within reasonable bounds,
and promotions are slow and weary. There
is not a single officer necessarily on half pay.
either in the land or sen service. There is
not now, nor has been for twenty years an of
ftcer in the American navy in command of a
ship, the four or five oldest excepted, who did
not rcgul
men
sudor, Envoy, Minister Plenipotentiary, Minis
ter Resident, &c. nre used hy some editor® a®
synmiy moils ; and hence very few people are
acquainted with the real rank of our Represen
tatives abroad. Upon this subject we shall
offer a few remark®.
An Embassador i®, properly speaking, a re-I
pr« (tentative of the highest grade. He i® usu-|
ally appointed only upon special occasions, and
is looked upon as the representative ofthe per- |
son of his Sovereign, on which account he is j
entitled to higher honors than any other repre
sentative The United States have never ap
pointed an Embassador, nor have they ever,
we nelieve, received an Embassador from any
foreign Court.
The only ministers known to the present prac
tice of our Government are, the Envoy Extra
ordinary, and Minister Plenipotentiary, and tho
Charge d’AfFairs, and these are the grades now
most in employ all over Europe. Some few
nations still retain the grade of .Minister Resi
dent, w Inch is inferi »r to the Plenipotentiary,
hut higher than the Charge d’Affairs. in the
early period »d’our Government, we believe the
grade of Mmistei Re-idem was for a time in
troduced. AH these Ministers enjoy the same
privileges, such as exemption from tlie opera
lion of the law® of the country where they re
side ; hut they differ m the honors to which
tlicv arc entitled, and in the emolument® they
receive.
At the present time, the United Slates have
abroad six ministers ofthe first, and seven ol
the second grade There are Ministers Pleni
potentiary near the Governments nf Great Urn -
am. France, Russia, Spain, Columbia & M» xtcn,
&. there nre Charge d* A flairs, in Sweden, Den
mark, the Netherlands, Portugal, Htuzd, Rue-
nos Ayres mid Peru.
During tho late revolutionary contest in
South America, the Government of the Uni
ted States employed a sort of semi-diplomatic
agents to superintend their interest in that
quarter, who were called “Agents for Corn
mercial Affairs, 11 and who, although not regu
larly accredited hy the different revolutionary
Governments which Imd not yet been acknow
ledged hy the United States, were known hy
them to be public agents, and were treated
with reasonable consideration. All these agen
cies censed with the acknowledgement of
Smith American Independence, when Minis
ters were appointed to the different States.
Consuls differ from Ministers in tho nature of
their functions, as well as in that of their pri \ ile-
ge®. They nre not ordinarily admitted ton cor
respondence with the Government within the
jurisdiction of which they reside, but must
communicate through their Minister. They
are not exempt from the ordinary operation
of the law. and are in fact merely commercial
agents. All the great commercial nations, ex
cept the United States, have Consuls Gener
al We have none of that grade, with the sin
gle exception of one nt Algiers, who, having to
perform duties more of diplomatic than of com
mercial character, is on that account invested
with a degree of dignity, and placed on the list
of sulnry officer®. All the other members of
the Consular Corps nre Consuls, Vice Consuls,
or Consular Agents who, with the exception,
we believe, of our Commercial Agent at Lon
don, receive, no compensation for their services
except the fees authorised hy law, and for no
tarial documents. These fees, iu a majority
of casts, amount to a very limited sum.
Philadelphia Gazette.
SlirlMMimi.
What ia it but a map or bu»f lift* f Cowpcr.
MII.I.KDOEVII.I.E, MAY 18.
From the Richmond Compiler.
THEOLOGICAL DISCUSSION
Tho drbnto botween Mossrs Campbell Had Owen
han terminated, after an animated contest of EIGHT
days. It seems to have excited great interest in those
[nuts, and to have drawn great crowds. The pro
ceedings nre snid to he taken in abort bond,& are prom
ised to the public No sketch has yet reached iis of
l he points that were discussed, or of the votes, if any
were taken—though w»* suppose no formal question
wns purpos' d to the multitude of spectators The
closing scene, however, contains an indirect appeal
to tho opinions of tho assembly on tho rosulls of the
argument—and is calculated to give us n favorable
impression of Mr Campbell's powers There is no
litlln ingenuity displayed in the manner of his ad
dress, and in this side-wind way of getting at the
opinion of the hearers If his address throughout be
in hnrmonv with the last scene, he must have been
no inconsiderable adversary to rope with—and the
impressi.ms be made upon tho ritizens of Cincinnutti,
must have been pretty deep and favorable enough
The following description is extracted from the Cm
cinnatii Crisis of the 23d ult
“ The Debate or Disputation between Messrs
Owen and Campbell, was coneluded Tuesday even
mg, at half past six o’clock A'tho commencement
we Haltered ourselves with b. mg able lo lay before
our readers, the principal points on which the gen
tlemen rested the strength of their arguments But'
as the debato took a different courso to what we ex
period, wo soon found that would be impossible —
\Ve merely state that the wholo of tho debate will hr
published on early as possible, so that not only the
inhabitants of Cincinnati, hot all the civilized world
will have an opportunity of reading it at (heir Icinuro.
We think that th** aide manner in which Mr Cninp
boll supported and defended the cause of Christiani
ty, reflorts great credit to him both as a Christian and
a man of learning We agree with Mr. C. in stating
that the respectful and attentive manner in which the
hearers conducted themselves throughout the whole
of the debate (eight days) is deserving of the high
est praise, a« we may safely say, that it nevor ha*
been surpassed, if equalled, by any auditory in Eu
rope ; and when Mr Campbell proved, as he did
most satisfactorily, that tho whole of the good order,
and friend!> feelings that had been evinced by the
audience, was entirely to b* attributed to tho influ
enco that Christianity had acquired over their minds
—(us it thereby positively confuted tbo assertion of
Mr Owen, viz : that Christianity was tho soMP cause
or organ of all the disorders or Christian confusion in
Christendom,) wo felt a degree of pleasure and pride,
ns citizens of this place, that it is impossible for us to
describe At the cloau of tho debate, Mr. C slated that
whoro.is there had been, during the discussion, such
ilHultmg and indignant reflections cast upon the
Christian roiigion ; and those who aro public teachors
of it—without exciting any expressions of disap
probation from tho audiences, that ho felt anxious,
as tho report of this meeting would bespread, proba
bly over ell the civilized part of tho Globe—that it
should bo stated, fiom what motives thoso feelings
were suppressed : whether it was from the charity
and forbearance, which the Christian doctrines incul
cate to mankind • or whether the audicncu entirely
consisted of Infidels or persona opposed to the dis
semination of Christianity To prove this, he desired
that all who had been actuated in their conduct by
thu former of thoso causes, could Higmiy it by Miami-
ing up; when almost the whole audience, consisting of
piobably of 20C0 persons nroso. He then requested
them to he sealed, undihat all those who had been
influenced by the other reason, would stand up, when
wo could not count more than lour
Tho meeting then, after passing a voio of thanks
to the gontlemcn who had so kindly, and assiduously
acted ,»h moderators hroko up in perfect good order
—as it had done every day of thu debate
appointment by the Governor.
WILLIAM LAW, of Savanna It, to bp Judge
of tho Snjtorinr Court®, in tho Eastern District,
in the plnce of Judge Davies, deceased.
MR GILMER'S RESIGXATiO.V.
TO THE PEOPLE OF GEORGIA.
I have been waiting to ascertain the sta»o of pub
lic opinion, in order to put an end to the uncertainty
in relation to my right to n seal in Congress. I am
now satisfi’d, lhat the people desiro another election,
alllto* the law which the Governor is enforcing nisy
bn unconstitutional The office of Ropresentntive of
the people w screated for their benefit, and according
to tho principles of our Government ought to be ox-
ercised in pursuance of their "ill Aidin' | have no
doubt about my right to iltnt ••ffice, I cannot consent
to exercise its authority contrary to the opinion of
those bv whom it was conferred ft is therefore re
signed into their hands The people are thus reliev
ed from any embarrassment in voting fora Represen
tative nt the time ordered hv the Governor, and thu
person whom they may select may take his seat in
Congress instead of finding it constitutionally occu
pied hy another *- -
Nothing has been so unpleasant to mo, ns the opin
ion I find to ho entertained by many, that in defend
ing the right of the people lo choose their Keprcsen-
lathe without restraint exropt from th** Constitution,
I hove been nndeavoiing to sustain myself in office.
The most important power retained by the people,
had been violated in my person My situation impos
ed upon mo the duly of resistance I have just the
same interest thnt every good citizen has, iu picseiv-
ing unimpaired tho principle? of our Government. If
the people however, desire the enforcement of n law
violative of their ino**t invaluable constitutional priv
ilege, I cannot oppose their wish, esnueiallv as it is
intended to operate exclusively upon myself I ac
cepted the office which I have now resigned, because
I believed it to bn the duty of every citizen to devote
a portion of hi* timo to the public service ; and be-
cauvu oilier*, whose opinions I was hound to respect,
believed that I could lie useful I stand in no need
oflho aid ofthe public Treasury for mv support;
and 1 do not consider that .mv office would confer an
honor except from the faithful discharge of its duties.
1 arn not consci mis of having had any selfish ends to
answer, in anv act of my public life No office iu the
gili of tho people or the Government was so gratify,
ing to me as that which I have been compelled to re
sign, because I believed that my opinions iu relation
the constitution nnd the policy of the Federal Go
vernment really represented tling®~'e£*thc people of
the State ; and because I had fluttered myself with
the opinion, that if I could be useful in any office it
was iu that. I have always beliovnd that tlio rights
of the people and tho States, the continuance of our
union, and the preservation of our freedom, depend,
cd upon the uniform adherence to the principles of
tho constitution by all the authorities of our country,
My conduct has conformed to that belief; the very
first act of my political life vva^HMl. r«’fusal to comply
with an unconstitutional law the Legislature; ami
my last is nf the same character. I may have been
mistaken ; and may vet he so. There is however
one thing, about which I caiLiol err. and lhat is in do
ing wlist V believe lo bo right It is it -principle ol*
action that never varies, and which 1 hope l shall al
ways have the firmness to pur/tie.
Influenced by the desire to conform my conduct to
public opinion, I should I * a candidate for re elec
tion, hut from * lie conviction that rnv services would
be useless. The manner in which I have been de
prived of the right of representing tlio people, after
ail election duly made, will he familiar with ovety
member of Congress, nnd will be ronsideted uncon
stitutional by all Were I, under such circumstances,
lo accept of a seat hy virtue of ano'her election, it
will he perceived bv oveiy one, that any effort on my
part to defend the constitutional rights of the people
would be met with ridicule Mv case has no pteco
dent in tho history of our Government, and would bu
quoted upon me iu answer to nil arguments upon
such subjects Mv conduct has been mo uniform
and decided to admit of any doubt ns to tho courso I
ought to pursue. 1 must either not servo at all or
serve in conformity with thoso principles of which I
have been the. steady ndvocato I must become a
sc ? fi*h professional politician before I can accept of
an «• ffice with ilm knowledge that no benefit could bo
rendered to the country ; nml believing that much tho
largest part ofthe misdirection nnd eotruption which
bns occurred in our government has proceeded from
that clnss of men, I prefer becoming n private citizen.
I cannot quit public life without expressing my re
gret at tho manner of ita termination The penplo
have always confided in mo far beyond my capacity
to servo them I have felt the strongest obligations
to them for their kindness, and h ive, to ♦*- ' - -*
my nhilities, endeavored to disci'
bv honeot services. Your folk
GEORGE *«.. ulLMEU.
Lc j ing ton, May 9 th, 1829.
C JItEENE Sheriff’® Sale Postponed—On
W the firm Tuesday in JUN E next, will l>e sold al the court
house in the tow n of Ureeiifsbo'-ough, Greene county, within the
usual hours ol sale, the following property, to wit :
470 acres ot' laud, be the sumo mure or
less, whereon Richard U. Kearney now lives, At where .Mr. Ituch-
niiiion formerly owned, on Greenbrier creek, adjoining Jackson,
Cone and others, levied on ns the property of ItieiMrd II. Kear
ney to salist) iwoti lus in favor of Thomas F. Fu-ter, ex’or. kc.
vs Richard R. Kearney. WILLIAM GREEK L). Sh’lf.
[SSOH'tAN Sheriff’s Sale Postponed—On
TvJL i»n-fust Tuesday in Jl!NK next, at the court-house in
M»usail county, between the u-uttl hours of sale, will be bold, the
following property to w it:
A negro mini named Jack, about*25 years
old, levied upon as the properly of Mattheul.Mitchell to bntislp n
execution in fur or of Archibald Crawford, Cary Wood, ami sui
dry other executions .Matthew .Mitche I.
MARTIN I*. SPARKS, D Sh’/T.
JE
\IILY Sheriff’s Sales.-
-On the first
lowuot Blakely, Early county, within the usual hours of
sale, the lollriw iiig property, to wit:
One lot ot' land, containing 250 acres,
more or le—, well improved. No -t'Hi, in llie 23in (list of said ci
ly, levied ou as the pru|»ert> of William Grantham lo katibly
ti la issued out ot Hancock inferior court in tavor of J. W. Scott
nix I Huddleston rssaid Grantham.
250 acres of land, more or less, No U73,
in tin- -Ith Ui.*i of said county, levied on as the property of W dlinin
A. Currto satisiy one ti la in tutor of the State ol Georgia lor
taxes in arrears to th? year 162"
?. V. MILS O.V, Sb’JT
I FIE JOURNAL presents compliments
to the. Angus’a Chronicle, acknowledges obliga
tions, for tho nmiiMcmont that bits benn aftorded by
its rockets of 29th Apul, 2d nml Gilt of May, and
begs to bn excused for its want of courtesy in omiting
to m tkfl thr. acknowledgement sooner.
Tho Ulunnirlo should rncoljnct that wo helped to
make Jackson President, as far as conscience would
let us—We preferred tho tartar to the ippecac. And
from that very fact, we claim the right to chido him,
when inoursiinplo judgment, ito goes astray, or is
deluded by false lights: ami no ono knows heller titan
himself that false lights nro abroad. As Prnsidont,
bo is our property, to tho extent that wo contributed
to tho making of him what he ia : —and, therefore,
we have a ri^lit, to the extont of our interest ill tlio
properly nt least, lo do " iilt it just as seemoth to U9 to
be good—Can tin Chronicle say nay, to tlint ?
Tin* Chtonh lo of tho Gth announces that it has
drawn ofl its forces for tlte present, and rotired into
winter quarters, hut has plenty of ammunition on hand
for another campaign VVo aro glad to hear that it is so
well supplied ; and it is respectfully informed,jthnt it*
in connexion with the present alleged particular
cause of its belligerent array, its magazine should
beroaflor bo in dangoi of being exhausted, it can
bo supplied at short notice, by llm Journal. \V«»
have a manufactory of just such stores, as tho
Chronicle has been using. It may rest assurod that
they arc of sound material, honestly put up, ami of
double-extra superfine quality.
Wo h*>po the Chronicle will bear all (hi.* in mind,
when next it shall turn its battering ram against our
“ barn door "
THE ADMINISTRATION.—It afford*
us great pleasitro tu inform-the people of Georgia,
as wo now do on good authority, thnt the policy to
be pursued by General Jackson’s administration is
decidedly more favorable tu southern interests, and
in accordance with suuthern opinions, than tho last ;
oven moro ho ikno vy« hud lesson to andeipato This
is u direct and positive assurance in which we placo
the highest confidence, both on account of the quar
ter from which it comes, and from tho fact that it is
confirmed hy extraneous cireumstanoes—In tho first
plnce it was announced, simultaneously in Charleston
and Philadelphia, extracts from winch annunciatons
wo published in our last paper, that the administra
tion was to take a decided stand against the protec
tive tariff This was the best news we had heard for
a Iona time—In the second place, the facts communi
cated iu Gen. Thompson’s letter, published in our
last, were of a character that could not be mistaken.
They are as strong as any thing can bo in favor of
tho presumption that on this point the southern poli
cy is to prevail
We shall wait with much anxiety for tho full dc-
vdopeiuent of this anticipated policy. And if it
should ho such as these givings out, by no means am
biguous, lead us to expect, it will go a great way to
alone for the extreme mortification many of llto Pres
ident’s best friends in the southern Stales, have both
felt and expressed, at several of his appointments.
MR. KILLS.—Some weeks ago wc liail
occasion t<> adiinnislei to the Editor of the Woclily
Register, a slight poihoii of commendation— quitoi
child's dose it was—hut us effect wns prodigious
We commended him for the accuracy of his prophe
cies in times past, in the matter nf flunks; when lo
and behold ! the spirit uf prophecy came upon him
iignin, end ho pruphocicd through several columns of
his paper, on two sivoruInccnsiooB, nnd concluded hy
threatening to prophecy again. Now we have no
objection to ult llos ; if he will only leave us out of
the question Wo enn assure lorn wo have no great
desire to have evtl pmphocied of us ; nnd this he on-
suredly does, when he predicts that the timo will como
When we will bo tho udvoentes of tho “ Amoricon
System." Never, Mr. Niles—n«v»p wjjj tbs;