Newspaper Page Text
AGRICULTURAL..
From the Attakapas Gazette.
Tlio undersigned, members of the Commit
tee appointed by the meeting of the inhabi
tants of the Parish of St. Martin, held at the
Court House of said Parish, on the 5lh inst.
to report on the amount of cupitu) invested,
expenses incurred, and revenue realised on
Sugar Plantations generally in this Parish,
have nt different tunes of meeting given to {
the subject all the attention which an impar
tial and just investigation of the same seems
to require.
from the best lights which they have been
enabled to elicit, us well from the information
of others ns their own experience, they- beg
leave to present to the public the following
REPORT.
The committee suppose the case of nil in
dividual nrriving in this part of the State with
the intention of forming an es nhlishnicnt for
the manufacture of Sugnr. lie has no pro
perty except money, and he proceeds to pur
chase at current cash prices, all that is es
sential for forming the establishment which
suitable for a sugar l’laiitalion « $20 I’ttr
acre
$25,000
50 neffrors (working liamb
)
a
$000,
30,000
30 pair work oxen a $10
1,200
40 horses At mules u 50
2,000
35 cows, a 15
375
10 carts, a 09
000
25 ploughs, a 7
175
24 pair trace drams,
7i
cts. 18
10 ox drains, 3
30
5 plough drains 3
15
1 timber wheels & chain
100
50 hors
37
30 axes
1
50 51
16 collars nnd linmrs
y
30
10 ox yokes
4
50 41 75
40 spades
39
0 cross cut saws
ii
80
2 whip saws,
8
10
Carpenter’s and coopers too!
*»
50
Blacksmith shop and tools ei
ID
I'ete, 150
Dwelling Imuso, negro cabiiiH,
Xlll-
hies and com mill,
0,076
30,000 pieux for fencing,
3,100
2 1 enne knives, and 12 sc) lli
■s
40
00 arpeuts sugar cane for plants, a
$60 3000
f .rinding house, boiling house and
draining house, with apparatus
complete, with two setts of fet
tles erected, 10,000
Mill put up ready for grinding, 2,000
Clothing, feeding & Doctor’s bill
for 60 negroes, a $50 each 2,500
Overseer’s wages (with board ami
washing estimated in this sum) 1,000
<’ooperfor making hogsheads, (ma
terials and cooper’s board and
washing estimated m this sum
250 IiIiiIh. a $1 50
Sugnr maker, 250 lihds. a $2 25
] 2 line harrows a 5
5 harrows a 8
3
it .2 50
<;o
10
Amt. cnpitnl invested, $87,704 25
STATEMENT OF REVENUE.
000 arpeuts of sugarcane are supposed to
’ be planted, of which 50 arpeuts are reserved
for seed ; the balance (250 arpeuts) are made
into sugar, and estimated to produce on uu
average of three crops, 250,000 Ihs. sugnr,
estimated to be worth six cents per Ih. in N.
Orleans, $15,000 00
10,000 gallons molnssas sold in
sugar house a 12cts. per gal. 1,200 00
CHARGES.
Freight to N. <>. of 250
$10,200 00
hints, ii $4 50.
1,125 00
Insurance 1-2 per ct. on
$15,000 witli policy,
70 03
Commission 2 1-2 per
cent,
375 01*
Storage, dravnge, coop
erage, weighing and
labor hire,
202 50
swells the nmount of their expenses. They
conclude by observing that the support of the
proprietor's fumily and the education of his
children are of course to be paid out of the
amount of nett profits stated.
All which is respectfully submitted.—Par
ish of St. Martin, this 8th day of October, A
1). 1830.
N. DECI.OUET,
DESPANF.T DKIILANC,
JOHN C. MARSH,
ST. MARC D’ARKY,
AVM. T. PALFREY.
From the AYw York Gazette, Oct. I I.
GREAT SALE.
The sale of “thorough-bred Horses, Dur
ham short horned cattle, and improved Rnkc-
well, or New-Leicester English sheep,” took
place on Monday last, at the farm of Charles
H. Hall, Esip at IlnrliDin, and was well at
tended. The auctioneer was Mr. Minturn.
The following nre the stuns nt which the uni-
nulls were sold :
The noted running marc I.ady I.ighlfoot,
hi foal by American Eclipse, $1,475. Alarm
u brown imported mnre, by Thunderbolt,
datu Tndorn, in foal by Rarefoot, $050.
Gazelle, by Hussnruli, dam Hyacinth,(i years
old, in foal by Rarefoot, $-180. Knot, n sor
rel, 0years old, by Relfouutler, out of Cinna
mon, $120. I.ody Mary, 10 years old, in
foal by Russnrnh, out of Marin, $125. A
brown colt,0 mnuthsnld, by American Eclipse
out of Lady Lighlfnot, $850. Lightning,
one year old, a brown filley,by American E-
clipse, nut id' Alarm, $100. A brown filley,
(i mouths rdd, bv Eclipse Lightfoot, out of A-
Inrm, $201). Hanger, 2 years old, n dark
bny, by Russoruh, out of Alarm, $500. A
sorrel fillry, by Eclipse l.igjilfootout of Knot,
$00. Constellation, 5 years old, dark sor
rel, by American Eclipse, out of Olivia, $075.
Hold Eagle, 5 years old, by American E-
clipse, out of l.ightfeot, $500.
Durham ('attic.— Urgent, nn imported bull,
8 years old, by Regent out of Favorite, $1100.
Fatraon. 11 years old, by Champion, out of
Flora, $200. Illanchc, a white cow, n great
milker, seat from England by Admiral Cof
fin, $00. Floret, an imported cow, and tho
rough bred, $150. Prince, 4 years old, got
in England, by Fit/. Favorite, out of Prin
cess, $210. >Snote Drop, by Favorite, out of
Hlanciic, $170. Lily, 4 years old, by Re
gent out of lllaue.he, $250. Young Lily, I year
old, by Albion, out of Flora, $100. Young
Snow Drop, by Regent, out of Snow Drop,
$250. Young Princess, 1 yenr old, $90.
Leopardess, I year old, by Regent, $45.
Gardiner, I year old, by Young Regent, $90.
Magnolia, 2 years old, by Regent, out of
Rlanciie, $15(1. \ heifer calf,\ry young Re
gent, out of Magnolia, $90. A bull calf,\iy
young Regent, out of Rlanciie, $50. A red
heifer calf, by Pntrnon, out of a cow by
Comet, $45. A white bull ralf,\iy Young
Regent, out of Young Snow Drop, $75. A
bull calf, by the same, $75. Two do. by
I’atroon, $75. Cue do. $25 One do. $20,
A red cow, by Comet, $50. Young Susan
2 years old, by Regent, $150. A heifer, I
year old, Regent and Susan, $140. A yctir-
ling heifer, by Regent, $45. A do. by do,
$40.
A ’em Leicester or improved Dakeircll Sheep.
An imported Ram of large si/.e and form,
$95. An imported Ewe remarkable fine,
$90. A Ram, the produce of the preceding,
$95. Twenty-tcven yearlings and lambs, of
the preceding ycat und of the above blood,
from $1-1 to $25 ouch.
All the animals were in good health and
warranted, as stated puru in blood.
Total amount of sales, about $11,000.
The sato was attended by a large body of
prrsons of the first respectability, from all
purls of the country.
YYedittsday, November 17. (for his talief, that the President anxiously de- land mav resist the measures of Georgia, or
The bill declaring Valid sales hy Sheriffs sired further forlicnruncc on the part of Geor- at least decline t he expenditures necessary to
and Coroners, of land and negroes, under j gin, hut he apprehended that the fact was remove the Indians, and may thus leave them,
justices courts executions, drc. was ordered j absolutely known to many members. The as “permiinent inhabitants,” within mir li-
tolieon the table the balance of the session, duties of Governor, und of President, were; mils j and may also refuse to reimburse the
The bill to alter the 9th section of the 3d j sufficiently arduous, without unreasonable j Statu for the lands that may be permanently
article of the constitution, was rejected, there j opposition ; he would not add to their nrilu-
not being two thirds in Us fuvour, yeas 38,1 ousness hy unnecessary interference. Mr.
nays 28. | T. was of opinion the present was a qtics-
Thc hill to alter the 3d, 7th, nnd 12th sec-! lion of delay only, not of iihandonineiit. —
tious of tlio 1st article, nnd the 1st mid 3d 1 Hy exercising a little further delay, there was
sections of the 3d article of the constitution,
was rijcctcd.
A hill wus passed to alter nnd amend the
17th section of the Tax act of 1804.
The Senate took up the bill to prevent the
exercise of nssumed nnd arbitrary power by
the Cherokces—after debate, the bill nnd u-
tneudments offered to it, were ordered to lie
on the table for the present.
A hill was passed to amend the cstray laws
of this State, so far ns relates to the time ot
advertising and telling of horned cattle, sheep,
goats,or hogs, before they are sold.
A hill was passed to make permanent tin
public site of Irwin county.
A hill was passed to authorize the raising
hy lottery of $0000 for the purpose of bttild-
■t court house and academy in Scriven cuun-
'y-
A hill was reported to niter the inode of
appointing the Directors of the Central Rank
Thursday, November 18.
A hill was reported to give younger judg
ment creditors n preference to moneys raised
on the sale of defendant's property, in certain
cnscs.
Mr. Danicll, of Chatham, called up the
resolution requesting the Governor to cause
an investigation into the manner in which
the Commissioners of Pilotage for Savannah
River, above the bar of said river, dec. After
some debate the resolution was ordered to lie
on the table for the present.
The Senate took up the bdl for the estab
lishment of a court for the correction of er
rors, die. After much iehnte, the question
was taken on the passage of the hill, and de
termined in the negative, yeas 44, nays 27.
GICOUG1A LEGISLATURE
$1,811 50
Nett revenue per year, $14,358 50
SCHEDULE.
Of disbursements to he paid out of the
funds derived from the above revenue, caus
ed hy the consumption of provisions, wenr
and tear of plantation tools und utensils, loss
es of slaves, cattle and horses, repairs id
buildings, noil alt other items stated in the
amount of cnpitnl nnd which hive been lost
or consumed hy use—A'iz :
Repairs of sugar house, kettles
mill, &c.
Loss of slaves hy dentil or nuir-
$500 00
ronnge, valued at 7 12 per ct.
2,250 00
Loss of cattle 25 per cent.
Loss of horses and mules 20 |icr
300 00
cent.
400 00
I.nss of Cows 29 percent.
37 50
Repairs and renewal of carts
100 00
12 ploughs,
Renewal nnd repair of drains,
81 00
hoes, uxes, collars, yokes,
spades, cross-cat and whip
saws, and tools for cooper iV
carpenter,
Iron nnd steel for blacksmith's
shop,
Repairs of all buildings except
sugar house,
4090 pieux a $7
Clothing, food and Doctor's hill
for 50 negroes a $50 encli,
Overseer's wages board and wash
ing, estimated hi this sum,
fiO gallons lamp oil a 75 cts.
500 lbs. nails a 7 cts.
140 00
GO 00
200 00
280 00
2,500 00
$7,931 50
Which nmount deducted from $14,358 50
leaves n nett profit to the proprietor of
$0,427.
IN SENATE.
Tuesday, Nor. 10.
Committees were appointed on notices
given yesterday.
The following hills wore rend the 3d lime
and passed :
To fix the time of holding courts for the
trial of caveats, agonist the passing of grunts
of land,
To ainuud the hcI making pernmnont the
site of llic public buildings in the county of
DuKtilb.
To authorize Solomon Humphries, it free
person of colour, to emnncipate his wife,
&r.
To militarize the agent appointed hy the
commissioners of the free schools, of Eman
uel county, to loan out the funds, to call on
nil these persons who have borrowed money,
to renew their notes, »Yc.
Tlio .Semite, us in committee of the w hole,
look up the lull to prevent the exercise of as
sumed powers hy all persons under the pre
text of mitlmriiy from the Cherokee Indians,
I &.C. The hill was reported without amend
ment, in <1 (he report ordered to lie on the
I table, nnd he made the order of the day for
| Wednesday next.
i Mr. McDougald introduced iiislnutcr n
hill to amend the incorporating the town of
Columbus, A
Mr. Ector reported n bill to ntnend the
7th Section of the 1st article of the constitu
tion.
Mr. llYifsan reported a bill to facilitate
the collection of debts hi the Superior nud
Inferior courts of this State, nud a bill to
provide for the compensation of petit jurors.
Mr. Temples reported a hill to layout ami
organize a new county, from the comities of
Houston mid Marion.
Notice was given by Mr. Everett, for the
appointment of a committee to prepare mid
report n hill, more eil'aetu.-illy to define the
title of property held hy husband and wife.
On motion of Mr. /Hair of Lowndes,
Hesnlretl, That the committee on theju-
i’he committee would state that most ol'i diemry lie requested to inquire into the expe
dient have been practically Vngnged in tit
manufacture of sugar fora number of years
some in this part of the State ami others o
the Mississippi. The above statement is
founded on the results of their own nl
tion mid experience joined to the most im
partial nud correct information which they
have been enabled to glean from others, and
presupposes the case of n plantation in At
tnknpas advantageously [situated, conducted
with skill, economy and industry, nttd sus
taining no unusual losses. It is their opin
ion, that a greut number of the Planters in
this section of the Stale do not real se pro
fit* to the amount herein staled. They do
not include m the list of expenses the item
of corn, which must the planters nre in 1 fit-
habit nl buying, nml which eoijsjderal Iv
tliency or giving parties litigant, in the Sn-
p irior, Inferior, or Justices courts, the liber
ty of moving said suits into nn adjoining
county nr district, as the case nmy lie, on their
-| filing mi afiidavil in writing, that they can
not have justice done llu-m in tlio county or
district where such suits may lie instituted.
• la motion of Mr. Hobinson, it was
Lcsolerd, Tlmtthe committee on agricul
ture mnl internal improvement, ho required
to examine and report, by bill or otherwise,
the expediency nnd practicability of selling
the negroes, horses, mules, and other public
property now employed In working on tbe
roads mul rivers, ami to vest the proceeds in
the si vi ral counties of this State, according
to their population, nml to he applied t > the
im; rovemrnt of the roads iluranf.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
Wednesday, Nnvtmbcr 17.
After rending the Journal, nml nppuiuting
committees on the notices of yesterday, lulls
w ere introduced ns follow s, hy
Mr. MtL'rewcn : To repent sn much of
19th article, 1st section ol the constitution of
Georgia, ns relates to the oath of members of
the Legislature.
Mr. Uraybill: To alter the line dividing
Hancock and Washington.
Mr. Wellborn : To authorise nu election
district nt tlio house of AV. L. Campbell in
Houston county.
Mr. Calhoun: To alter the latv authori
sing fortunate drawers to relinquish tlwir
lands, nnd to prescribe the fluty of receivers
of tax returns in relation to the subject.
Mr. McDonald : To amend the act of in
corporation of the town of Macon.
Mr. Dougherty : from the committee on
the Stute of the Republic. To dispose of
the improvements in the Cherokee nation
that have been relinquished.
Notices were given by
Mr. Dlack : To repeal the law of the list
session, on the subject of gaming, so fur as
relates to Penitentiary punishment.
Mr. Urown: To niter the tunc of holding
the summer session of the Superior court,
nnd ths fall terra of tlio Inferior court of
Wilkes county.
CHEROKEE INDIANS.
The house then proceeded to the consid
eration, in committee of the whole, Mr.
Dates hi the clmir, of the bill rclntmg to tlra
Cherokee lands.
The provisions of the bill ore already be
fore the public.
Mr. Haynes offered n substitute, providing
for the immediate survey of uil the lands in
the Cherokee nutiou, within the limits of
Georgia.
Mr. Liddcl also offered n substitute, which
was pretty much the same us Mr. Haynes',
with this iidditionnl provision, that for tlio pre
servation of pence between the white and red
population, nnd to prevent intrusion upon the
lands occupied hy Indian families, the Lcgis
latiirc shall, nt the present session, elect hy
joint ballot of both branches, some fit und
proper person ns n surveyor, who shall im
mediately proceed into the said territory, nnd
there lay oil' a sufficient quantity of land to
each Indinu fumily, including the impfbvc-
ment of such family, which improvement
slinll he ns nearly us practicable in the centre
of the tract so laid oft’, nnd the sat.I com
missioner nnd surveyor, in determining the
quantity of laud sn to be reserved nud laid
oft' for Indian families, shall Imvc reference
to the number of persons constituting suit!
family, nnd in no case slinll there be more
laid oft'and rcsorvrd for anyone family limn
acres, nor less than ucres. Grunts
for such lot or lots ns inny he wholly or in
part within tho lines of any Indian reserva
tion as aforesaid, shall not issue until the
Indian family residing thereon shall re.lin-
quish their right of occupancy or peaceably
remove therefrom, of which fact the Gover
nor sliull lie competent to decide, from such
evidence ns he may deem necessary to re
quire : provided that the fortunate drawer nl
such lot may improve the part of his lot lying
without the reservation. Persons attempt
ing hy force, tlircnts or menaces, to dispos
sess any Indian family of their reservation,
shall, on conviction, he subject to line and
imprisonment.
A desultory discussion nrnsc, ns to the pro
per manner of proceeding in the investiga
tion of the question, in which Messrs. Haynes,
Murray, Wofford, lllack, I full, Hudson, Hy-
an. Turner, Dougherty, Ntal of Newton,
l.itltlrl, nnd McDonald, engaged when Mr.
Turner obtained the ftoor, nnd went nt length
into the argument on the n -.in question.
Mr. TURNER remarked in substance,
that it was unnecessary to lose further time
hy mntiniuvring; nml, ns other gentlemen
would not take hold of the general subject,
he would endeavor to do sn.
He hud every reason to believe, nml lie did
believe, that it was tin: wish, both of the (inv
entor, and of tho President, that Georgia
should exercise n little further forbearance j
nnd nlllmugli lie would not feel bound by the
wishes of either, yet lie felt disposed to pro
mote their views as far as he could promote
them, consistently with Ins duties. Mr. T.
here referred to the Governor’s Message,
which, nt the same time tlint i? asserts the
right to survey, yet adds, under exislingeir-
ciiinstances, “ tlmt it would he magnanimous
ly forbearing, in lliu Legislature, perhaps
wise, to delay the adoption of that measure
for the present." Mr. T. wus not natlioriz-
rcnsoii to hope, that we should obtain, hy
moderate means, what it would now require
force to obtain : and a resort to force might
lie resisted hy force.
The Indian right of oecupiincy Imd been
questioned : he would prove the existence of
that right. Mr. T. here read the npmnfti
of Doctor Morse, an authorized ngent of the
general government, as contained in his re
port, published hy uulhority, p. 07, which
constiiutly recognized the Indian right of oc
cupancy. Should it he said that Dr. Morse
wus more of a divine than n lawyer, let it lie
remembered, (hut his opinion wus founded
an, nnd sustained hy, the opinion of nu cun
■tent lawyer, published in Ins appendix, p.
279
The right was also sustained by the d
ions of the Supremo court. In the case of
Fletcher nml Peck, the court declared that
the “ right was to be respected hy all court
till it was legitimately extinguished.” Se
also the case of Johnston vs. McIntosh—
AA'Iientan’s Reports.
The doctrines of the Supreme court hud
also been recognized, nnd enforced, hy our
own courts. See the decision in the cusps of
certain reserves under the treaties with the
Cherokces in 1817-19.
It might lie supposed, that nn net of the
Legislature,such iis was now proposed, w ould
lawfully extinguish the Indian right This
would not lie tho fact ; for, although a for
mer act of the Legislature subjected the re
serves aforesaid to disposition l>v lottery, yet
this did not, even in the estimation ot our
own tribunals,extinguish the Indian title
Rut the declaration made by the President,
in his Message at the commencem' nt of I .st
session of Congress, had been relied on, us
the strong ground, to sustain the advocates
of immediate survey. The President had
said, that the Indian could not he supposed
to have n valid title to all the land he had
seen from the mountain or passed in the
clmse. Little, ns General Jackson was in the
habit nfiiuliilging in flourishes, it appeared to
Mr. T. that this was a mere rhetorical flour
ish, nnd would he found unsusceptible, or
very difficult, of practical application.
Resides, since the date of the. President's
Message, Congress jmvc spoken authorita
tively upon this point. To the 7th section
of the Indian hill, passed m nr the close of
their late session, is attached a provision,
that nothing in this act contained shall he
construed us authorising or directing the via
lation of any existing treaty between the U.
Slates nnd nay of the Indian tribes." The
treaties, then, and not Gen. Jackson’s enun
ciations, arc the measure of Indian right
which Congress lins assumed. These de-
The influence of public opinion, to he salu
tary, must be enlightened. AVhcrevcr knowl
edge has been generally diffused, republican
principles have more or less predominated ;
and, on the contrary, no country hits long re
tained her freedom, where ignorance swayed
its gloomy sceptre.
AVithout this diffusion of knowledge, our
liberty, like that of most other nations, who
have wailed through blood to obtain it, would
soon have terminated in liPtentioiisncss, nnd
been succeeded hy anarchy, mid despotism.
Rntiniml and practical liberty, that liberty,
which does not degenerate into turbulence,
Indian Affairs. It would he better, therefore, j or unbridled voluptuousness, must he branded
to avoid collision, if possible, with every de- j on the immoveable Imsis of km.wIVge
occupied hy the Indians who may remain tin
our hinds.
In regard to the Federal Court, ton, before
which, .Mr. T. did not wish Georgia to lie-
come a party, it would tie well to remember,
lie said, that most, or nil of its decrees had
hitherto h eii enforced, and so might any de
cree it might pronounce, in reference to our
partineut of the general government.
If, therefore, wo wish to transmit to pos-
Mr. T. sa.d, our policy appeared to him terity the sacred boon which our lathers have
clear. Let us dispose of the situations pur- left us, wc must li"t disregard those means,
chased from the Indians ; remove intruders ; upon which its permanency so essentially de-
nccupy the mines, which are recognized hy I pends.
the common law as a source of pm lie rove- | Your Committee arc fully persuaded, that
nue :—Give entire efficiency to our laws in ■ the mass of the people, and of the rising gen
the Cherokee country, hy desig rating und or
ganizing proper districts ; hut decline u dis
position of the terntnry, until the Iniltnii
claims are extinguished, nod u survey into
small parcels, as useless and d oigerous, till
we have a clear right to distribute. The ud
(■ration, should understand then rights, and
know how to protect them. Rung into re
quisition nil vou.r menus for extending the
opportunities of education, and you will grc.tt-
ly add to the positive amount of human hap
piness ; and afford profitable employment,
vantage of this course would be, thnt it would j for the leisure hours of many, w ho now pass
meet no resistance from the Executive Gov i them ill listless apathy Extend the means of
cri'iuciil of the U. States, while there was a I popular instruction ; nul you give immediate
strong prohuhiliti, if we attempted to go fur
tlier, that the President might resist.
Mr. Tuner did not in his remarks, deny
the right of soil and jurisdiction in the State :
he sustains these without hesitation. He on
ly contends, that these rights lire enctlinher-
I; nud lhnt the encumbrance ought to be le
gitimately I'etn veil, before the territory is dis
tributed. AVeaequ red the Imli in lands Irom
Great Rrituin, under encuinhrniice, in a
milliner something like u mini acquires it11
estate sold under a mortgage. In tin latter
case, the rights of the person holding the
mortgage must be lawfully extinguished lie-
lore the purchaser cun have an uueiiciimbur
ed estate.
The question was then taken on Mr. Lid-
dtl's substitute and lost. >
The question was then taken on Mr. /fayncs
substitute nml curried.
The committee then proceeded to read the
(•ill nnd till the blanks, and adjust its details,
but before they had gone through they rose
reported progress and asked leave to sit again.
Thursday. Nov. 18.
The House proceeded to the unfinished btt-
sincss of yesterday, which was the conside
ration in committee of the whole, of the Land
hill, Mr. Dates in the o.lmir
In adjusting the details of llic bill a great
(led of debate occurred on several points
hut principally on tIn* point whether persons
should he excluded from draws w ho had tres
passed on the Indian Lands, in digging gold
since the date of the Governor's proclama
tion-—another proposition being before the
committee to make the exclusion operate
prospectively, from nml after the passage of
the net. In the debate Messrs. McDonald,
Hums, 11 owned Jenkins, Dougherty, Oliver,
Cirri land, Gretnc, Haynes, Lilack, Hop
kins, Mann, Hudson, Sf Hull, engaged.—
The question b-ing taken on the proposition
xclnsion operate prospectively
signutc certain limits, and these, together
with Ih laws, we are informed by Gen. En-
ton’s letter to the Governor, underdate of 1st I ion>ai(e tin-exid
June Inst, the President “ will consider it n w „ g |.,st—The question then came up on the
duty fuitidully to execute. I lie I resident, j ot |, cr proposition und it was curried,
to be sure, made this declaration in view of 0t|ler ( |otnils were n.lju-te.l—the grant
intrusions nnd irregular settlements upon In- W( , rc fixed ut $18.—Time for tukiug out
dinn lands ; yet lie lino given us a general | 5ramg fixp ,| to „. itllill 5 r „ „| t er the l.ate-
rule applicable Oi all the rights of the Indians
under treaty stipulations.
Adverting again to the concessions which
Georgia hns made in favor of the Indians,
•he General .Assembly, in ratifying the arti
clcs of agreement nnd cession, entered into
hy those distinguished citizens, James Jack-
son, Ahrnhnm Hnldwin and John Mtllcdge,
engaged the United States to extinguish the
Indian title to laud within our limits ; thus
recognizing the right asserted. This right
is also expressly admitted in Gov. Gilmer’s
message. Mr. T. said there were mil nr au
thorities before him 5 hut it wits unnecessary
to read them. Thus tneu it appeared tlmt
the right of occupancy was recognised hy
all llic departments of the general govern
ment, nnd hy every department of the gov
ernment of Georgia.
But not only hud the constituted authori
ties recognised tho Indian right of occupan
cy ; but all our representatives, and all our
friends in Congress, had disclaimed the idea
of force. M 1 . AA'ddo smd, “the laws of
Georgia neither contemplate driving the Che
rokccs from their lands, nor any other net of
injustice, or oppression against thorn.” Col.
Foster, Mr. Forsyth, nnd others, gave similar
pledges, nml without such pledges, the In
dinu lull could not luive passed.
Resides these pledges, it Iras been recently
unnounccd from one of our highest tribunals,
in a charge which has met the sanction of
the juries nml the citizens, that the 1ml uns
“ have nothing to dread either from the cha
racter of our laws, or the mode of their ail-
miuistratioii.”
Mr. T. said, the President had given the
most explicit mul repeated guarantees. In a
letter of October 14th, 1829, Gen. Eaton
'axes to lie paid hy drawers, whether
grants are taken out or not.
A provision was then proposed to prolnhi
the granting of lots tlmt may he in the oc
cupancy of the Indians, und such lauds to
lie exempt from taxation—which was lost.
A provision was made and adopted requi
ring that the land should not lie distributed
before the 1st Monday in|Deccmbcr, 1831.
Persons attempting by menace to prevent
the survey, made subject to penitentiary con
finement, not less than 5 years.
The Governor authorised to protect sur
veyors.
The committee then rose and reported the
hill to the House, with amendments. The
report was laid oil the taolu for the present,
an I ordered to he printed.
The House then adjourned, until half past
9 o’clock to-morrow.
Friday, November 19.
t DUC A’lioN.
Mr. Schley, from the Committee ■ n Public
Education and Free Schools, made n Report,
which was read, and ordered to be printed,
to wit ;
The committee to whom was referred the
resolution of Semite, enquiring into the ex
pcdicucy or practicability of establishing
Common Schools throughout the State, for
the mutual benefit of all concerned, beg leuve
respectfully to Report—
That they have had the same under consi-
It ralion, nud have diligently bestowed upon
impulse to the public feeling nn this interest
ing subject; nml how soon would our bo
soms swell with the thought of being in some
degree instrumental in raising genius and
merit, from obscurity, to the highest walks of
life. Let the lump of education lie made to
penetrate the pine barren, ns well iis the more
fertile snil of the State, nud toil will most
certniulv brighten the countenance of every
true hearted friend of our civil nud religious
liberties. If we wnttl.l secure these liberties,
and transmit them with the present structure
of our government unimpaired to posterity,
we iiiu-t enlighten the public mind. Every
school that is established, and every child that
is educated, whether in a lug house, or else
where, are additional pledges of the giowtli,
the influence, and perpetuity of our institu
tions. The government of the United States
more than any other, depends for its continu
ance on enlightened piiblicnpinton. Among
nn ignorant nud uneducated people, its pe
culiar organization connected with its geo
graphical distinctions, and the active nml en
ergetic nperutiou of distinct sovi reignties up
on supposed conflicting interests, might ex
cite jealousies nud civil war; and perhaps
divisions of territory. On the contrary, uni
versal education, would he calculated to al
lay our lamented sectional jealousies, and
would make us look with liberality, mid kind
feelings, upon every member of our great und
growing Confederacy. And we would more
over be better enabled to treat with forbear
ance, and respect, their foibles, and errors;
and to combine hi one common cause, the
energies of a great and united nation —Fin
ally, it would more perfectly cement the ties
of friendship which naturally a.tse from tho
history of our great, and glorious struggle for
freedom, and the great netiim of our patriots,
mi heroes, who Irom a common language,
established our beloved institutions ; in which
we all feel so much pride, and the brilliant
nml glowing prospects of generations yet un
born.
With these views, upon the foregoing sub
ject matter of reference yriurcommittee most
respectfully beg leave further to state, that
they cun hut look forward with the most anx
ious solicitude to the time, when tin- means of
ii common English Education will he placed
within the reucli of the whole rising genera
tion. Anil to effect this desirable object, it
is only necessary to join heart nml hand, and
say it shall lie done, and it w ill lie done Our
present resources, your committee believe to
he nmply sufficient to make a fair beginning.
They are aware of the objections occasioned
hy the sparseness of our population, fti many
parts of tho State, but cannot deem ibis it
sufficient reason, why so large a portion of
our state, constituting perhaps nine-tenths of
her population should not derive those contem
plated benefits, nnd especially when the bal
ance will receive a proportional advantage
from the same resources.
A r our committee have Imd under their im
mediate inspection the views of ditlurcnt
States in the Union upon the common school
system, and believe the plan us adopted by
tbe State of New York, to lie in every respect
best calculated in effect the same object in tlio
Stale of Georgia. New York makes mi an
imal appropriation of one hundred thousand
dollars for this purpose, to he divided in pro
portion tn the number of children in encli
sc.houl district, who nre designed to lie belie-
fitted hy it, on condition that the balance of
the tuition money for the tune being, he rais
ed hy a direct tax for thnt purpose : nod ur
the event of refusal by any district to rnisu
tlm accessory nmount ns contemplated hy
it that mature reflection, which the impel- law, the public money is withheld from sucle
if the subject requiri
Your committee do not hesitate jn giving
it ns their decided opinion, that the time will
curie, and is fast approaching, when the peo-
le, not only of Georgia, but of the wind
said to Gov. Forsyth, among other things | , llogo United States, will call aloud for
which would sustain Mr. T’s. views, the
President “ regards it as an obligation of
the most sacred character to maintain a faith
ful guardianship towards the Indians, and
to preserve his administration of their nft'nirs
legist itivo enactment, to aid ilicin in the ac
quis.lion of knowledge, which is emplmtical
ly pronounced to be the first object of n world
ly consideration.
Among the many legacies left us hy lli
from the slightest imputation of injustice." immo rt„rJefferson, we fi.nl the following
I., n letter under date ot 18th April, 1829, Edllontc nllH j llfonn tll( .
mass of the
will preserve it : and it requires no very hi
degree of education to convince them of this.
I hey arc the only sure reliance for the pre
servation of our liberties, nml it is the best
way of secur up pence and nttnc.hmciittonur
republican institutions.” With many other
such declarations of parental afl'ec.liou, lie ex-
pres
nriiiiif!
Ymir i
to the Cherokee De egatioa, the Secretary of p e „p|,., c „al.le them to see that it is their in-
\A nr says, * nn interference, (mink, an in- , erC 8t to preserve peace, and order, and they
terfercncc,) to the extent ot nffording you
protection and the occupancy of your soil, is
w luit is demanded of the justice of this coun
try, and will not lie withheld.” It has alrea
dy been seen, from Gen. Eaton’s letter of
1st June lnst,tliutthe President would “ con
sider it his duty faithfully to execute the trea
ties and laws.” The probability, then, is,
that the President would resist an utiompt to
dispose of ('licrakee lands to which the In
dian right Iras not been extinguished.
Mr. T. adverted to the late arrangement | they deem'it unm
with the Choctaws, whose example would
probably be followed by the other Southern
Indians, as ntliirding ground to hope, that
our rights might lie realized m due time by
trenty.
Mr. T. was “ well nssured” that the Pre
sident believed, from information collected
in the course of the present year, that hr
could, at an early period, induce the fhero-
t. c tn remove; nnd that the President grent-
l\ desired ii little further time to operate in
his own wnv.
Resides, there was great reason to fear, if
Georgia should take her remedy into her own | uu
hands, the U. Mates may feel absolved from
istrict, and applied to those who nmv choose
i i avail themselves of the benefit of said ap-
prupi’iiitinn. These schools arc kept up
quartet ly, mul at such seasons of the year, ns
can be best sp ired from tbe ordinary labor of
the country. Ry these menus all the children
of this great Stntc, between the age of 5 mid
15 yours nre annually taught for a Ii tiger or
a shorter period of eaclt year. With this
immediately before our eyes, shall wo liny
longer say to our fellow citizens that the time
has not yet arrived to produce similar effects
in Georgia ? The pride, mid patriotism of
the Stntc, forbid longer delay : independent
of any obligation to promote the peace, and
prosperity of the rising generation.
In determining the nmount necessary to
commence the operations of a common
school system in the Slate of Georgia, ynur
committee beg to he allowed to profit hy tho
experience nl the State of New York. This
Sliite.it will be perceived, appioprintcs only
bis deep conviction of the utility of; $100,009 annually, on certain conditions, to
:• | a population of ubnnt 2 millions of people,
milter could present many other iTIus comlitiotml appropriation however small
valuable quotations upon tins subject, hut J has proved to be a sufficient stimulant to cause
• ary, as the advanced the whole State to enter into a laudable zeal
sufficient | for n general emancipation from the sliack-
if ignorance. To produce this, sb.
He
stage of civiliz itmn amongst us,
to cm voice every one of its advantages.
Ri fle, ting upon the importance of the tnlilishr I an uniform, mil indiscriminate sys-
tnatler referred tn them, they nre ftillv sensi- tem of common schools, worthy the muta
ble of its direct nml intimate connection with tiou of ll c whole world. Let it no longer bu
the happiness and prospi ritv of their e uni- lamented iliatGeorgia with a population less
try, and its rnutrnlling influence over the per- than one fourth of New York and with rc-
nrancncy of her institutions,
ti lie past engaged the assnlu
constant nltentiim of the advocates of liberal
principles throughout the world : and the im-j
It hns for some ; sources verv far superior in proportion to her
mil almost j population, his not yet undertaken to de
(oinctliingnfthc kind for her rising generation.
From these views upon this interesting
pnrtance, n'tnehed to it is rnpullv cncreasing.; subject, your committee cannot forbear gi-
lf we investigate the onuses of the decline| ving it as 'heir tleeided opinion, that snmo-
o cite moinlw;? to certain nude ritsry,' tin ir engagement undirtiie compmof 1802. 1
il lull of other Rc'tililies we will rendil
cover, that much is to lie attributed to the | It
gleet'.'! education of
thing should lie done, to enable Georgia t
p nt letst i sight of her sister States, i
uici iff the intelligence of her citizen?.