Newspaper Page Text
BY CAMAK & RAGLAND, STATE & u. states printers.
THE GEORGIA JOURNAL
11 m,lill«lif.l twice c week liurins the leuiun of the Leg Ulntnr,
. III... rout i III If r ill 1 tic Vi' i ■- it I I < if f I. r ■ I . t VV .....
MILLEDGEVILLE, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY” 10, 1831.
— •—sen,-, . M.tr-^,. .. - ■
WWWHMJIJ- I Jl-L. ■-'■wwsap
VOLUME XXII.—NO. 25.
Iiincock Sen
,or KDI
* p«r r ,
IT S. B.
Qimr«l»:in»,
•lay In the in
nu'.lio jniell.* SIX TV DAYS pr
S«mii»KSniii*il»i*ni
iUy of ill*. iii‘»ittl», li«*l»'«vii ill.- it*
V.i,I til.-..w,
tiiiikk dollars p«
belli on 11
1 n in the
s.‘ of the t o
Allies must
to the day t
blette
• held.
Notice for the «;ile of I’,
minner, FOR rY «l«»y* pr
Notice to the debtor* ail
etl lor FORTY days.
Notice thntnppl'ration
leave to sell L\N1>,
Notice lor leave t.
FOUR MONTHS,In
l the door ol thee
Testamentary, ol
ve open granted, first
e ol tin* public gaieties
muse, where such Miles
- must he given in like
■ of sale.
estate must be publish*
ir Court ofOrdinnrjrfor
• FOUR MONTHS,
nun lie published for
lade there*
eive prompt attention
i
ADMINISTRATORS, EXECIJ-
TORS and SIIKR1FKS DF.KDS, together with
general assortment of BLANKS, For Sale at the
JOURNAL OFFICE.
WE arc nutlionsod
1IKNRY B. M F. Its HON, F.sq. r
Surveyor for the purpo.e of run
tin the hounds of the Cherokee Nation of 1
0 announce
1 a candidate for
mi.' oil'the lands
NOS. Gl, 04, (ill, 71, 8d,l)i, ofilie
EDINBURGH RF.VIKW, are missing from the set
belonging to this Otlice—Tliey have been loaned to
lot known. Whoever lias anyol them will
! Editors, by returning them immediately.
The Administrator's Manual
AND CLERK’S GUIDE,
I 3011 SALE at this Office, nt the Clerk’s
(mice ol:lie Court ol Ordinary, ami ut ll.o Mlllnlscvllli
COTTON.
Tlic Subscriber will purchase
COT TON during the season, and will paj
the highest market p* ice.
- .1. S. CALHOUN.
LAFAYETTE If ALL,
MIM.KD11KVILM2, (loo.
T1IE Suliscrihcr respectfully in-
DAltlEN MANSION HOUSE.
a GEORGE ST IIE ET continues this
fiir.ii.lii'.l—Hi* i. Hi'.ml lor ju.l
J.-1'i ol public
NEW STORE
T Of Earthen-Ware, China and Glass.
II h suhscrihers nre now opening nt their
n„lew ihwra Mow the Meroliant.' mi.I IMunlrr.'
other umrket ’ Hs l,lV01 uble ,l * r,ns 04c, ‘» »»'* afforded bj any
»vt!il 1 , l’ M '* Pnl Mock, Which is entirely new, 1ms been selected
rlriio ! . °Y7 regani to patterns, shapes,, Horn the most
receai importations Into the N.-w-Y.irk ail IMiila.lelphiamar-
, r ,, nr, * l "'5 pmp »“ F.urope are such ns to enable
of tVn'V. "" ir " ,ec “" , " 1 mu “ approved P«Uer„.
Qir sn '?’ **°Hnhle Cooking Furnnce*, Window Class, J«.
L'T',’ 1 ln,,M J a "|* • s 'Her Cii»toi> nnd Liquor Stands, Brass Liver*
pool Lamps, (lull do., Mantle Ornament*, *r.
8t __ T. B TAYLOR k Co.
No Tarilfof Prices—Free Trade.
Earthcn-tVare, Eoohing Glasses, Sye.
T homas j. barrow &cn. impnr-
tors, 83 Wnter street, New York, offer lor sale, the larg
est and most complete assortment of
Earthen-11 arc. Class, China, plain and gilt, Look
ing Glasses, &fc.
rket will afford, comprising every style
t patterns. They return their most coi
ls in the Southern State*.for their *up-
»w carrying on against them, for their
nation In fixing «— tariff of prices for
tin tie. It is mainly attributable to the
i fi iends that we have been enabled to
in this most trying situation; exposed to the
•ce and capital ol the whole trade, endeavoring
Mites*. We pledge our*
which the New York r
ojoii
throuclioi
regards the qnalitr of <1
.and the lowness or
I in return,solicit fro
I particularly ruju
n give the
friend
nre all It
friendly
or City iic
ce of their
• influence
•d in, and much benefit will n
sistnnee than nt the pr
ill allow that we I
r friends, that at r
iMi.ickled prices w
id, the Comb
nnd all
:tl this .
. This cunihinntiut
acting our ruin, that
id churncler are u:
ylnidiiml stopped in <
r pack*
II led i
> nre sufficient to intimidate the i
;us:—in fine, no vexation or trouble whit
mild devise has been neglected In this stru
Ve once more call upon ei ery friend of a In
(uni pledge ourselve* to gii
l their lib'
KB W
nlisy.
CARRIAGE MAKING.
I HE Subscriber Imvinp pure,based the
shop In
..i r,„
upieil by '
illix
Fri
i the it be
orkinanlike manner, nnd nt
the ab.Ite line col lided to
I. His charges will
KTU UOWI.KS.
TO MECHANICS.
ROPOSALS will be received liy tlio
Ti udentinl Committee untilthe first Mondat in April next,
mhl the College Edifice lately burnt tlotvn.at Athens. And
•*"d that Mechanics may know w (ml Is required to be done,
,.te them In an Inspection of tlie present min, and ton fur-
lli tb‘ ,CH ° n * "" ,,nr '
of pull
id. that the pt'opo
• full r
hello
•.will i
lb tile SI,
ril ot T«
Pin
.till |. it
es.-lj the
rnfoi
rmanditig. tltreqtiitterftl it
ml ir who I, i e w -I mtn ■ •
deductio
W It'icli In
2d. Ford
A. s. cl. \YTON,
JAMK.s NKM.it,
A. WM KEB,
WM. II. JACKSON,
Intruders-
person, or
-.Xulice T/ii
r OTICH.—Tin? proles
of L\MAR k HINES bnvingl
lies* of tin*firm, and t!.- tinfinisV
.will be rJos-d Lv It. K. IIIM s
*ioiuil partnership
olved, tin
(J. C. I :.*
[ N SENATE, 19th Du
if appears that the uct entitled nn
. is&>..
ith l».
-\V bf’runs
in tin- fill f):'-
tdd
, 131 '
T1JOT1CE.—1
1 M •'tvill attend i egnlnrl
•SiiprifV,
their Office,
•.(•*» in tl.e Shi
it ill r
■ T' H i
U Q
i .. |UN
>r lii^ Deputy,
' MAR.
Toesila
'ill i
l Trmh
ion of those persons,
i! Comptroller ({en-
oftlie Compi
of Mill-
all
^1, That It shall lie th
f 'l KOR(*lA, Riituain County — lb
H” came before me Mark .Indunn, one of the m
iro Jnckson, dec’ll, who!., ing.luly sworn. <aii|,. th
,-session ol two notes of hand, u nde In Kdimi.,.1 J
id payable tusaiddee'u. of which the following is
One note due 1*Vh.Tantnrv. |?.29, for Ml dollar*
One i'o 1 !: 1. Xngest.’F . ,o, \i, dollar- A2
The last nnine.l not, , i. -ited .“.d .f.,iunry. ICji,
rMoimlly
mb s. of Jr*
Trader shall I
n.d subscribed |o held
dealt tt ilh n- the |a\t directs for a t ioiation ot the law aforesaid.—
And it shall be tliedutt oftlie clerk oftlie inferior C.iurt in the .1.1-
leieat countii's in th 1 - State t.» notify the Comptroller (Jeneral in
writing the .nme- of ad IVdlcrs or Itinerant Traders
throiighthdrresp. eti'e ounties.
Appioi ed, I2»I, Deci mb, r,
COM PTRO LI. F. R- O F. N K R A1
lowing list of IVdlers who lint e taken out I
i, published lor He* infornmtioiiol all,
THACKER B. HOWA
Age.
the maker from paying tunny person but my-If, Robert .Inrkson
or Stephen Weston, who nre authorised to receive the
due on said notes. MARK JACKS 4 *''
T^FJ AD I SON <’oiinty, (ib orjriM — A. <»\ Rul-
JlH I 'ck.of Cnpt. Ssy’s district, t died before NVidia m Adore,
F.«q. one estrav brow n Horse. -II • • or 11 in-he« high, rigid bind
foot w bite, some marks of tie- - ehLe and gear. F.or I' y, ai sold;
apprai-ed bv N' in. S. Whitwoi tliand Bird Williams toio dollars,
1 -t Jnnunrj .1 131,
ie extract from the Fstrny of said entintv,
* 1 | ISAM: n. « 1 1 1:1 i: t -.on, n.c.l. c.
R(>i’(ili r to iMnrrr;m (.'mnitv .lull, on
the nth in-l n Veer. Man bv the nnme of J! M, w l.osnys
mgs to Kr .m i- Foster. I de of Morgan, and now of Troup
bout 11 et hlg!i. The owner is requested to come forward, prove
propei 1 •, pay charges,nnd lake lorn away,
feb 3—21 C. t AMPRF.LL, Jailor.
i:ut!(iiri' to .imi in itnkc r county, on
U O 1 hr* .71 b nil n bright mulatto man who inn his name is
fOK.nnd that lie ledong* to John McOeliee
from South Carolina. Said negro Is about 2*
particular murk. Tin* owner ol said negro i
La-ward, pay cltarges, nnd take him nw nv.
Jon 27 IL IT. AC REF., Sb’ff.
EORGIA, Wnrrcn County. Cicrk'f
H T5 Offe-e of the I’l-'erior Court, Jnmmry I3.lt, 1. 31.
•1 II. Jon,-,toll, .I Let .re I-dishn Burson, K-q. an old blaci
w ith an under -lope in each year, 13 or LI vear«ohl; np
dollars. THOMAS UfBSON.Ctk.
1*01
UAL.
wonts. Sovereignty, Rebellion, Nullification, &c.
we hear every day used, without any precise idea
bc’iiifj attached to their signification.
Q. YVImt is the m^animj of sovereignty ?
A. It is the will of civil society in the Social
Compact, which society is it morm person, whose
will, like the will of the human being, cannot be
divided without destroying the person; wo can
conceive the will operating in a thousand various
ways, but wo cannot conceive its separation into
parts; neither can we conceive of the separation
of Sovereignty—its unity and life are insepara
ble.
(). How do yon define Rebellion ?
It is the resistance of nn inf trim to tlio law
ful authority of a superior. A child may rebel a-
gainsta parent—a slave against his inu.ter—citi
zens against 1 lie government, and colonies against
the mother-country—hut n State cannot rebel;
because one Sovereign cannot rebel against anoth
er, for nil Sovereigns are equal. The Sovereign
ty of the little State nf Delaware is equal to that
of New York, or of Russia, though tiie physical
power of those Sovereignties nre vastly different.
The apposition, then fore, that, a Sovereign State
can commit Rebellion,* Treason, or any crime
whatever, is utt n r!y inadmissible in the science of
politics. The idea of crime cannot exist where
there is no conceivable or possible tribunal, before
which th«f culprit could be arraigned nnd convicted.
Still loss can any Stuto be supposed to incur the
guiltof rebellion or treason, by resisting nu uncon
stitutional law of tlio General Government. The
General Government is the creature of the States
—the offspring of their Sovereign powr r. Is the
Creator to bo governed by the lawless authority of
the Creature ? We cannot invert the rule of rea
son and of law upon that subject, and say, that the
superior incurs guilt by resisting the inferior, nnd
net the inferior by resisting the superior.
Q, Wltst is tit”i meaning of Nullification?
A. It is the vetnj- of a Sovereign State on an
unconstitutional law of Congress.
Q. Arc not unconstitutional laws, of course,
null and void ?
Undoubtedly ; and nil act of Usurpation is
not obligatory ; it !s not law, nnd resistance is jus
tifiable. In virtue of Iter Sovereignty,the State is
the judge of her own rights, and bound us Sove-
r-'ign to protect her citizens, which she does by
nullify ingt the obnoxious law, nnd releasing them
from any obligation to obey it.
(J. 1 las not this right ol' the State been denied ?
A. Only bv those who are enemies of Slate
Rights, whoso subterfuge is, that they can find
Nullification no whore in tlio Constitution. Suf
pose a State was to make a treaty with a foreign
government, to coin money, to grant letters of
marque, or assume any power that she had by the
compact delegated to the General Ut
When Congress shoultl nullify the
would the State have any right to complain that
she could not find Nullification in the Cons '
If the implied right is reciprocal, the State
ses the double right to nullify, fur all rights nre re
served to her, that arc not specified in the Consti
tution.
(J. Is there ito other chock upon tlio General
Government, than tiie one just mentioned of Nul
lification ?
. ?. The oath, the several legislative
and judicial officers nf the several States take to
support the Federal Constitution, ought to be as
effectual security against the usurpation of the
General Government, as it is against the encroach
ments of the State Governments. For the
of the powers by usurpation, is ns clearly a
violation of the Federal Constitution, ns a diminu-
ion of those powers by private cm
and that oath obliges the officers of the several
States as vigorously to oppose the one as the oth-
Q. Could then any collision arise beta
States and the Federal Go
us from the chains of usurpation—these are the
real disunionists, and to these and these only, will
be attributed, tlio evils arising from the dissolution
of the Union.
Q. What is the new version of the Constitution
by Messrs. Webster it Co.?
.1. They have discovered that the Constitution
was not formed by the States in their Sovereign
capacity—that it is not a compact between the
States—but that it is a Government formed by the
people, rn masse, that is, by the people collected
into one nation—that this nation brought the Gov
ernment into existence—established it, and hath
hitherto supported it for the very pur|>oae, among
others, of imposing certain salutary restraints on
State Sovereignties. That in funning this Nation
al Government, the people conferred upon the Su
preme Court, the power of imposing these certain
salutary restraints upon tiie Sovereignty of tlio
Stales.
Q. To what do these Doctrines lead ?
A. To the annihilation of State Rights, and con
sequently, of the fundamental principles of Con
stitutionnl Liberty, for which our Fathers fought
and conquered.
(J. Ilow did they contrive to convert, the people
of thirteen distinct States into one people ?
A. A short analysis of the process by which
State is formed, will demonstrate the impossibility.
The discussion of the elements of Government is
dull, ns is all abstract discussion. But if we un-
dortakef to talk politics, wo must undertake to know
about what wo talk, and we cannot understand the
nature of our Government, without referring to first
principles.
ill tl'it M‘i 1." f. 11.1 II nr. in , If I,
Iini-Ilni.iv,. iiivI |>ruHInl.l ■ • In It... t
of iffn ponilirt’of I
Imr or lli 1 *. vui .n
I tie Inn'l l liim I'C.' <■'
f.ulu nl l.i.li'.'i . 1 I'-''
iKirt *ii life, n«*v*-r «iffn-i-iu*ly t
in«liviilunl. ami " !i**u aav -mm- *|o.i|is tu inti-i l.-re willi i
i er fdil i.Hlifnatilly in .«-jkT i
MilMcrviMc. FMi 3. I r . .1. _
DRUG STORE,
■Veaf Jfurtli nf the State, llnnl;, Milletlgerille.
Hi EOE.Yl'LY received at the above estub-
meiila l.ii'Kcatitl vory uenrrnlnsxnrtmenl of
Drugs, Medical I’rrpuratinns, nnd Family
and Patent Medicines,
Warrantotl Iresli.mul nf tin* IxM quality—AI*o,
Paints, Oils, Taint, Oil, Tarnish <V (training llrusli
cs, Oitc Stuffs, Spiers Te.t fumcuj {
Fur silua* alifivo. 1'.(»nt I’.iintlii Oil, While Lend,Spanish
I’.rown,Ot-lire, Extra Fine \ .-r.tigi i-. I’utt;- Lv the rwt. Chloride
of Lime, |*t»i and Pearl A nil, Dviu.de Refined EiikUsIi Suit IVlir,
^X^'lKl'vv'Vtlcl,.. were carefully selected and laid In nn the
liest terms, ami will he sold vary hi tv for rn *Ji or Bnnk.ilde Papur
Physlclnnsiind (Dmitry Dealers supplied til as lair prices a.
tiy where in the State.
,'llsa far sale, n sr.lcftian of Standard
LAW* AN!) iMEDIEAL IU)OKS,
A largo rnllo<*tion of MISCELLANEOUS WORKS
J'.iiok- iff Devotion, I BrDlc’
•Family k Pocket Bible-, plain t.’ili.s
and (ill, I pl il
Ilyinnll.Mikf.ulnlii aiiduilt I diexw.uk,
A genera! js. utiiic.it ul' Oreo'., Reevs' <u per fine N\ a tor (’.
Latin, Frem-Ii and Eugfish | L’nmeMlair. KHrli, lUnck 1
Writing Paper,* Uarudneund Blue Sauerr*
.Cap.Denit, nud Medium sir.? | Velvet Paint-.
Letter Pa t. , plain,cillmlg* | Vlsilinpa.id Blank Cards,
etl ami tinted, Outlier's Scales,
Null? Paper.embossed ktinted, I Dividers,
Drawing Paper, a | Mathematical Tiistruiuciits
* “ ' r 1330,and other Ai'iVri. nn nnd London An*
THE LADY’^ DOOR.
TilE JANl'AllY NUMBER—A NEW VOLUME.
ff'l’ may hr gratifying to our fiiciul.-, t ♦ bv
U iiifurined, that mirdilionnl two thousand pilnte.l off at tin
niniiiiiMiceinent.iinil w hich w.-*upp.i»e.l v\ uiht . r.iply sir-ply all
deem lid* I or l hi* work during the lirst year, Im* lu-.-n ton. »1 * 11 • 1 >
exhausted, and we are reluctantly r.iinpe.i.-d t-» put« fi Mil *, rip-
(iiuts, w hich We nre daily in (lie i< • f ipt of, (.» Hie < «u;ii.n; J itm.i*
!>• nunilier, when a new voluniewill hecomnieni-ed.orolle rwise,
supply iinjierlert n-M i those wild imperiously cnll for them—
This t'.u-t induces us to he urceut iimur request,nnd to
timely notice, that all who have been uef.iyii'K I heir
I'erceive the nece**ity ol sending their order'
indured still further to extend our plans, and
attractive. L. A. GODEY k Co.
IPPI
e, Ly tiie
A large^tocU of
cr. AlUhe.ibov
MILLEDGEVILLE BOOK. STORE.
R ECENTLY received nsnljove, I'rtESIl
sl’ie Ks. *u : Mnci*. I'Iiivp,. Suin»a«, rinnnmnn, Olii-
jjer.race nnd (r.iun.l, III »ck nnd FH-d Pepper, and hne*t White
.Mustard Seed, also an as*oi tnienl of seasoualile Harden Seed*.
I
JUST RECEIVED AT
,/>r. C!rent's ])ru<r iS* Hook Store,
A FULL supplv of finest Cold Pressed
J tt. Ci.uroil-
barrel or retail, i i.niiipoiar H ,
I'ri.l'ota" 1 "’ /teMlandn™.
fium Copal, | other Hrticles.
/live or Sjielire, j
Tn the. flank Starr an additional snpph/ of
Picket’*S-hool R ,o'.« —W , «br?.?-e'* S- hool Uco-rnphy— 1 Hoi-
1,urn's \ritliinetic v K •«•»— .. Mgflu-.i —!'ml riiff.ir.l. ntidniiw*
pt the rce.-nt X >Vi-U- D - mu I he ( (illif e *>I' tlta VillC— All
l,i-.ion I i a id^'ii i\i ■:« Win. — View copies of Dick’*
nslotmiV-ut'.f Bo.IksVir Children am! YoUiiVpen
ping’* Works,kr kr.
JEST RECEIVED JJV
R ICH A UDS (i \ N a 11 E, nt their Rook,
Stntt ninry.ntnl Miisical Store, Nn2IW,
testa, a lai c supply ol the loilow i; u W ork- :
Morrer’* Cluster. Methodist If > Zi.,n’ fc
. Reader, Key, and Exercise
•y’» Federal Calculator,
I'ike k DlhollS Arid im cic,
W nlker’s Dictionary,
43.000 Quills, <•
Jom do/en W
A large stock of BL\NK BOOK'S.of every dr
Also, H U.KI.I s,
Fifes, and a (•>••
edfrShl.-
TT Country Merchants are invited
iption.
(Jniurs.nmi
ed still further
considerably im
F.MRF.LLISIIEENTS IN VOLUME^H.^
een eeni-rally received with anprohntlon,
ins :l .1 III. ir inteiitioiiB lor the future lur.-g
^TF.F.N'l^ ^ ^
The Puhlishers. In'-blg
•i.tVu.t’Vi
ju*tified in I. lie'.I.s I .1 th.ir intention* lor the future in retard
to tlii* impoi taut part of their work, nretlus sn <,dly ex plained
its not f i itee.l h iinre .-•-.rti. ulnr eluridali m. Their plan w ill he
:*'ii»,ri,l. for its merit ainnr, w itlmut r.-l.-r-
b| incurinc the high ore. It ■ . n,- n irk,
and se. me lor it nn ii.r.ense -t character and Li- e. Perhaps
the liest method uU**r all to lie apopte.l in exphtining our views
on this subject, w ill be to letfntui c numhersspeiik for thenisel'es.
J.T Tin* reader is referred to No. I,of the Lady’s Bonk, far Jnn-
CONDITIONS.—This work is i!
ic fifty-«ix large octavo page*; |»rl
with entirely new type, ami care
Every number will contain.-mo r
S
• Afu»fc,oneCn|iner*nlate E . «'■ ..
t-. illu-t i ill' e ol - one of tin* r.inli t t
tired Plate..f the Lute-1 Fas
-ubscription price i- Three
^ ii.L ani the work >
t attention will lie observed in forwarding the ■
V siih-cribcrs, t’wt they may receive it uninjured
PLANTERS’ HOTEL,
<1 MXKSVII.LE, lin.
THE Subsri ilicr having pmclm-
reocciiiilrd Ly Cnpt. J.
. . p. ned it as a House nt
nr.lers, « here In* hopes to
Charleston, S. C. 2tith November, 1830.
Dear Sin.—l send you this little pamphlet,
which 1 think effectually explains our political fuitii.
It is by it Miss Pinckney, the daughter of the lion.
C. C. Pinckney. Will you be so good as to request
tiie Editors of the Georgia Journal, to publish it in
their paper.
The quitil'ssence nf long specehes, arranged as a
political catechism; by a lady, for her Cod- Daugh
ter.
Question—What do we understand by tiie Fed
eral Union?
Answer—It is nn ageemont between Sovereign
States, to forbear exerting their sovereign power
over certain defined objects, and to exert jointly
their sovereign power over other specified objects,
through the agency of a General Government.—
Each State agrees to exert its full sovereign pow
or jointly, for all external purposes; and separate
ly, for nil internal purposes, or State nor
({. Where is this Agreement found ?
•t. In the bond of Union, or compact between
the States, called the Federal Constitution.
({. What is the nature of the Federal Constitu
tion ?
el. It is n compact based upon cautious nnd
jealous specifications. Tlio distinguished body of
men who framed it, guarded and defined every
power that was to he exorcised through tiie agen
cy of the General Government—and every other
power not enumerated in the compact, was
reserved and exercised hy tiff* States.
(±. Did the States, in forming the Constitution,
divest themselves of any part of their Sovereign-
ty ?
+1. Of not a particle. The individuality
sovereign personality of theStih-s was not. a
impaired. The States agreed, hy the Constitution,
that they would unite in exerting their pc
therein specified and defined, lor the purpose and
objects therein designated, and through lii“
cy of the machinery therein created; hutthe pow
er exercised by the functionaries of the Genera!
Government, is not inherent in them, hut in the
States whose agents they nre. Tim Constitution
is their Power of Attorney, to do certain act
contains, connected with their authority to net, their
letter of instruction, as to tiie manner in which
they shall act. They are the Servants. Tiie pow
er which gives validity to their acts is i:i their Mas
ters—the States.
Where is the power of Congress during the
recess of that body ?
ed. It possesses no sovereign power—it is hut
the. agent of the Sovereign States.
({. Can you illustrate this retention «.f Sove
reignty hy the States by anv othorexample?
Jl, Suppose an individual, for in tmee, was t >
stipulate to transact a portion of his business by
an sgent, and the remainder by himself, and to for
bear to exert his moral faculties, and physiem en
ergies upon that class of objects, which, by his a
LAW.
P \TtRIS & HOLT urc prnrtisine Law in
li‘ r^i--urtuV’m a.
\l,,,.roo.WaHonro.!nt>.-?r— if M FltKIl M llol.T
3 AW.—The Subscribers hnvo formed n
i: Mum.,
JOHN J KLOYD.
Q. By wiint process are States formed ?
A. There nre but two conditions of mankind—
the one natural, and tiie other artificial. In astato
of nature, there is no government. The laws of
nntnre are the only rules of human conduct, and
each individual is his own expounder of those laws.
Io in tiie arbiter of his own rights, and the aven
ger of his own wrongs. There is no power (that
is, no moral power) in one man to direct, control, or
govern anothar; nil are equally frro. The evils
inseparable from tliis condition, induce those who
are suffering from it tooscape lothe artificial state.
The transition from a state of nature to that of
civil society, is effected hy an agreement nmnng
all who compose tiie society, that eneli and his
concerns, shall be directed hy tiie understanding,
and protected by tiie power of all. Tiie agree
ment is reciprocal. The right which each man
possessed, in a stute of nature, to direct himself,
is voluntarily surrendered hy him to tiie society,
nnd lie agrees, tlint he and his concerns shnll hence
forth bo subject to the will nf tiie society. This
contract is cither expressed or understood. The
power to govern can bo obtained upon no other
supposition. It is denominated the social compact
It is the charter by which civil society is incorpora
ted, by which it acquires personality nnd unity;
by which the action of all the people, is consider
ed os tlio notion of n moral ngrnt, of a single per-
This moral agent is, in reference to its own
condition, called a stale, probably, from the fixed
and stable condition of the people, compared with
their unstable and fluctuating condition in a state
of nature. The people compressed or compacted
by the social compact into the unit, called a State,
remains unchanged under all the changes of its
Government, which accident may produce, or war
‘ ' a Republic b
Oligarchy ? The power asserted for the Supremo
Court, is superior to that of imperial Rome in her
proudest days. The conquests of Rome were
achieved at an incalculable expense of blood ?nrt
treasure. But tlio Supreme Court limy vassal
twenty-four Sovereign Hutes, without expending
one cent or shedding one drop of blood.
If the Ftatns were but true to themselves, and
faithful in the discharge of their high duties, they
would move on in tiie majesty of their sovereign
power, and maintain with a steady Rnd equal hand
both their Governments within its approprinto
sjiliere, and not permit the mere modicum of judi
cial power which they have granted to the Supreme
Court, to control them in the exercise of their sove
reign power.
Q. Why have the States allowed the Constitu
tion, the sacred legacy of the combined wisdom of
their fathers, to be violated by sacrilegious bands?
A. Because that self interest is the gov erning
principle of three-fourths of mankind. The
North, East and West acquiesced in the usurpation
of the General Government, because it was fer
thrir exclusive benefit, while the Smith was pas
sive through apntliy and sleep. Tim North and
East bribocl the West by internal improvement,
and bv donations of the public lands—and the
West in her turn, bribed the North and Enst with
the Tariff. Internal improvement nnd a Tariff of
protection, nre twin born abominations unknown to
tiie Constitution. Tim South, u hose vital interests
nnd almost her existence depended on the inviola
bility of the Constitution, scarcely awakened from
her dream of sovereignty, finds herself the vassal
province of a Consolidated Central Government,
without limitation to its power, but tlm will of the
majority to legislate for the general welfare—tho
very government hy usurpation, tlint tho Supremo
Court and Messrs. Webster & Co. discovered was
established hy the people. The usurped power is
a virtual abrogation of tiie Constitution, and con
sequently leav es the minority to ruin and degrada
tion. This minority is the South.
Q. What i ■ the remedy for these evils, according
i the
-hold out tongues, and
to the submission men, [or Tories of tiie Revolu
tion ?]
A. To shut our eye*
fold our arms.
({. VVImt is the greatest anomaly at present in
the Union?
A. It is, that tlio South, whose beau ideal was
Libertv, who sacrificed to it as to the God of their
idolatry, is now in vassalage to tlio North, East
and West.
Q. To what may tlio patriotism of many here be
likened ?j
A. To the philanthropist, whoso charity is too
exalted to relieve tiie misery nl their own door, but
it on three-quarters of the
Ii. What is tiie
ms cherish for her
confined to its proper sphere ?
A. JTim Constitution lias left them
space to move harmoniously together; but it is the
General (iovernment that is continually wandering
out oftlie sphere of its legitimacy, and usurping
lowers, that the combined wisdom of tlio States
imagined, they iiad carefully guarded from all en
croachments.
q. Have the States ever resumed any oftlie
powers they have'delegated to tiie General Gov
eminent ?
J. Never, in a single instance, linvo they viola
ted, nr attempted to violate the Constitutic
Tho enemies of State Rights pretend, that
tin' States the rigiit to judge of an unconstitution
al law of Congress, (in other words, of an infringe
moot on their Sovereignty) they vroiild transcend
their appropriat ■ sphere, and usurp|| tiie powers
assigned to (lie (Jeneral (iovernment On the
contrary, ii h not the inter' -t nf the States to re
sume tiie powers they have delegated. Tiie
motives which led tithe formation of tiie U
a conviction of its utility, arc as strong now that
its beneficial effects have been experienced, as
when they were only anticipated. They have e-
vinced from th •* riod of its formation, no senti-
m ntso strong,us an ardent and devoted attach
ment to tiie Union. In Union, they take their
hiwh station among the nations "f the earth; and
in Union, the Star Spangled Banner waves over
every sea. But there is a principle we should nev
er forget, that tlio greatest good when perverted
becomes the great' it evil. Tlio Union as it was
for ,ne l—rn Union nf Free, Sovereign and Inde
pendent Stator -an Union, affording equal protec
tion and mutual benefit to all, will be considered
tie : atoijt political good; but u< highly as it
ought to be vujnod, it is not the greatest possible
good, Theri is one still bettor- still more preci-
n-.is—line vhi h is pri md infinitely Irviim—it is lib-
eiitv—that i.inr.RTv fir which our Futhcrs toiled
nnd bled. Tiie it uirpations nnd tyranny of Great
Britain were n t rented, that the rm.oxirs might
lie I XITKO, but that tho conn-firs might be fiike,
and fur tho rF.on.K to'be i nn , the stages must
be fri'.k. Whenever tiie States cease to maintain
their Sovereignty imimpared, nnd become vassals
of the General Government, the duration of the
Union will t'.ien, indeed, be problematical. It is,
therefore, on the friends of State Rights—on the
supporters of Slate Rights—on those who cling to
Shite Rights, ns to tii" palladium of their liberties,
that we must rely for the iriaintiinancc and perpe
tuity of tiie I Jnion, and not. on the enemies of State
Rights.- Tlio weak—tiie timid—the apathetic,
and the ambitious, who raise tlio cry nf disunion
to palsy tlio unity of action, that would emancipate
iy inffict. If
a Monarchy, or a Monarchy a Republic, or if
pacts are formed with other States, these are but
of Government, tlio Civil Society or Stale
unchanged, and is Sovereign, while ever it
„ j its own affairs l>v its own will, It is up
on this principle that States are not absolved from
their debts by revolution. Tho State nnd not the
Government is tho contracting party, and nothing
but tiie dissolution of the social compact and con
sequent extinction of tlio State, can absolve it from
its payment Much eonfusion has arisen from tiie
indiscriminate use of tiie
means tiie people in their jmlitical
never their government By this rt
principles, wc find from tlio existing state of things
—as there were thirteen distinct States at th
tiie Constitution was formed—that it must of
sity have been finned by the States, not by the
people consolidated into one nation, for in no
or way could they have been collected into
but by first absolving themselves from their allegi
ance to tlieir respective States, and dissolving the
compacts hy which they were formed into States.
Civil Societies have been destroyed by e
by deluge, and hy the exterminating
tiie feelings that Carolina’s real
at this moment?
A. That feeling so touchingly ami beautiful ex-
cssed hv tiie Beaufort Orator on the last, nnni-
irsary of indepenodnee, “ If, in celebrations like
tliis, the name of Carolina was unmentioned by tier
Orators, tiie omission was altogether Unmarked—
why was it when now you can think only of her?
It was, because she had not yet been depressed in
to notorious inequality from the level of the ma
jority of her Sister States. She was not yet in
full possession of that deepest and most touching
attractiveness, with which misfortune nnd the
world’s persecution never fail to invest a beloved
object in tiie contemplation of the generous nnd
brave; you had not yet felt in the cold nnd cutting
blast of federal unkimlness.the necessity of cher-
iti your hearts. She had
hut rejoic
ed that she Was your State—she had beet, honour
ed—and you were hut proud of tier, ns your sec
tion of the Union ; hut when she was injured nnd
wc felt lliiil she was our country ! And
tiie condition of prov-
in history of a peo-
compact.—
_ therefore, is
io absurdity too great for those
to accomplish their views on
Q. Does not tiie Supreme Court a!
that tiie Constitution was formed by tho people, col
lectively ?
A. Tito Supreme Court is the creature of tiie
General Government, nnd has with a
and silence, like tiie approaches of death, adhered
to a construction that lias increased its
nlnrged that of the General Government, nnd
when she was most insolently trampled, we clung
to her most fondly, ami when they culled her
weakest, our hearts beat strongest in her cause.”'
O. Wliat is the attitude Carolina should assume-
at the present crisis?
A. She must at once nppeal to her sovereignty,
and decide whether she slinil exert herself the
protecting power of Nullification through the or
gans of her Legislature, or assuming her highest
attitude of sovereignty, through tliut of a Conven
tion.
q. Wliat will be tiie result of tliis resistance on
the part of the State to tiie obnoxious usurpation?
A. The first result will be, tiie preservation of
her sovereignty—the next result, the General Gov
Government, no lunger relying on tlio supines* of
the State, will be driven back to the sphere of its
q. But if one of these results should not follow,
must the State forbear to resist the aggression up
on her rights ?
A. No—decidedly no. She must maintain her
sovereignty at every hazard, and every means with
in her power. Slui is good for nothing—worse
than good for nothing—without it.
q. Will this not lead to civil war—to war be
tween the State, and the General I iovernment?
A. No; Tlio General Government would not
put itself so completely in the wrong, as to conse
crate its Usurpation by tiie blood of those it shall
have attempted to oppress. If the Slate is led by
greoment, arc to lie acted upon by his ngent. Has
he by His I
‘''WicatK.Manir
stipulation lessened, impaired
ishecl his moral or physical powers? On the con
trary, tho validity ol’ the agency depends
retaining those faculties, for if he shall
sane, or die, the agent cannot act because the pow
er of his principal has become extinct; so it is the
power, tiie full subsisting Sovereign Power of tiie
States, which gives validity to the acts of the Gen
eral Government. The validity of these acts does
not result from the exercise of a purl ion of the
Sovereign Power of each State.
Q. Why then has it been supposed by some,
that when the States formed the Constitution, they
cut the Sovereignty of each Stato into two parts,
nnd gave much tho larger portion to the General
.7. Many erroneous and
proceed from ignorance of the true meaning of JJJJ*
Kt! It Hconln.i.lpfl tlint the Kentucky nnd Vir-
T ‘ mV. ““an'l "tUn'*''' N " |l ' , ' r ' ,,lon * l "
lire liv tli- m ule |>nmteil mu in Ihpni, hIvoi'* in
er. That it i» the Mute* whirli „ ri , |,., un ,| j n .
ter !>»*•• . a t ! I * * . < - i • : y V I ** . I" 1 L- linin' Vh|(l|l|ir
v«i«| tl.*t the til'. it»*i'i;i nr nlnriii-nieii were j»*m nntte.i reveal
ll'l-u!."': : ’r> j!.!i..r , /.'.’l , |i, .,';'l,; Uk^uV,j‘ I'. 1 ,'..!’.!'.l.kio'lV.r-,'h-
.■r lo t.v.il tli.-ti..>.|vc ■>( 111. i.tTiiii.Himi, unit Hint nn. nlnnni.t
1*11,1-1.,iliviiln.ihi, uni . .'rn-irn uf ib'r Sum, ! IlirVi
dreamed of at tiie formation of tho Constitution.
q. U|Km what do the Supreme Court ni
Messrs. Webster & Co. found tlieir discovery ?
in ‘ ti.ric woids P : r< “"We "the pimpta"*}'the’"united
States, to form n more perfect Union," &c.
To people of common understanding, black nc-
timlly means black, nnd white really white; hut to
Messrs. Webster & Co. it means just the reverse.
“We the people of the United States” means nc-
cording to them—“We the people not of tiie Uni
ted States, but tiie people collectively.”
q. When t/ie States formed the Constitution,
under which kind of government were they ?
A. They were united by tho Confederation.—
To form a more perfect Union oftlie Statesulready
united, to consolidate tlieir Union, w-ns the object
of tiie present Constitution, and not to unite tiie
people, for it was impossible to unite them more
perfectly hv a Constitution than they were already
united bv the social compact.
q. What is tile nature of tlio Supreme Court,
that accordingto Messrs. Webster be Co. lias tilt*
power of imposing salutary restraints upon State
Sovereignty ?
A. The epithet of supreme which gives impor
tance to tiie Court nnd imposes on tiie ignorant, is
entirely relative, and imports only that appellative
jurisdiction which it may exercise over the subor
dinate Courts oftlie General Government. The ap
pellative Court, or Court of Appeals of every
State, is just as supremo for tho same reason—it
also exercises jurisdiction over tho inferior C
It is not called supreme, in reference to tho other
departments of the Government, nor lias it any su
premacy in reference to the Stales. The power
accorded it is purely judicial. It is tiie umpire in
all eases of law and equity arising under the Con
stitution. But questions of sovereignty, policy, or
expediency, are unsusceptible of its judicial cog
nizance and decision. Tiie power to declare a
law of Congress, or any of the States, unconstitu
tional, was never intended to be conferred on the
Supreme Court as a direet power. The exercise
of the power is merely incidental in exercising the
judicial power. The Constitutionality of a law
may tie incidentally decided, in deciding tiie law
and justice of a case. But tlio decision must be
given in the exercise of merely judicial, ami not of
political power. Cun it be believed that the great
men vlio framed tiie Constitution, and guarded each
specification with such jealous care, ever intended
to subject the whole to the control of a judicia
of tills kind to submit to oppression,
ng off tier fetters.—
there is then nn end nf slinking i
Fear is a bad counsellor of eve
should never be consulted by n Sovereign !
Tho strength and powers of Usurpation consist
wholly in the fear of resisting it. Let the State
only will to be free, mid tiie General Government
ist recede from its pretensions,
q. But if the General Government docs not ro
de?
A. Thru let the State s“nd
to the bar of Congress, nnd :
State, one of the parties to the compact, a redress
of her grievances, or an appeal to tiie ultimate ar
biter, provided hy tiie fifth article in (he Constitu-
Tliree-foiirtlis of tiie Slates compose this
"junal.* The State docs not <
her dignity, by referring to
Sovereignty being themselves
without violating every principle of se
respect, submit a question in rotation to her sove
reignty to one of her subalterns, tiie Supreme
Court. It is in the power of tills tribunal to de
fine anew tiie relations between the State and the
General Government; if it does not concur in ad
mitting the contested power, or shall not pronounce
tlint it already exists, the General Government will
at once be constrained to abandon the exercise of
it for no new power could have been granted with
out the concurrence of this tribunal.
q. But if three-fourths of the States, the ulti
mate arbiter, decide the question against the State,
whose vital interest is at stake, does acquiescence
become a duty ?
A. Tho State must then calculate tho value of
tlio Union; she lias always the right of secession,
oes not compromise
them questions of
Sovereign, Hut she
■ principle of self-
til we have descended the precipice nf
q. On Whom must Carolina «'
hour of peril ?
On tlio defendants of the patriot
On the
of
ed
with us in that nrdous and glorious struggle. On
tiie proprietors ol'the soil—A on those w I lose motto
in “ Mi'.i.ro.vs i oa nr.rc.vcK, .sot a ce.nt FoaTat-
BUTE#”
ll>*> Ihe-^feiinlrol limn mlrM nm.,,,1 „r rt,.., U M,rrc„,Vr«<
