The Georgia journal. (Milledgeville, Ga.) 1809-1847, February 28, 1833, Image 1

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Newspaper Page Text"xilE GEOB6IA JOUR.\AJlT . BT Prime* & Rutland, Printers—and PM inkers of the Lavs of Iks (State rnw States,) . twiee H week during the Besson of the L^tial* D p „,7 wpeklr fur the remainder hi the jvnr. nt the Corner o lure, hli^llSek Streets.atTHRKR OOLURU j*-r»unuDi 1 noil .1 RH al lha and nf 11»»» iMr. menCK Mrecis.ui I nur.r, iwuimii.-' |’rr nre or FOUR DOLL Aft* at the end of ib** year. t*»Pmer will not l»e *entt«» nny person out of the Mate, until l,e SrtMcHptiun money is paKi in advance, or •atufactory refer- eB 'T -l^UH-ttrots inserted at the usual rat-s. A i v r» rtl i nalpinf LASOs Uf Administrators, Biecutors, or Ff N - "* renaired, by law, to he h.»W on the tir»t TueMlny rtuarrtiaw, n . vr ^ n t)ie hours of ten in th« forenoon and three in the mnnui, ? court-house in the county in whirl) the it til- » n ' r ";T. ''„,-.-N«ti. u of lh«c «.:«» must b- ,1,-., ill ,1 preoerjT *i\TY DA VS previous to tit* day ol t.tlr. publioiti**' r|)RS must l»* at public auction, on the first the mouth. I»etween the nsuai hours of snle.nt the l.l'ltn the county where Ibc l. tt.-r. •|V.IH.liei>- f i- Ou.cifl.uiMliil,t",y li.V-.e been snintci:, .1 Aanu . UAYS t! u .i,of, oi on-of llur public ‘^'t/'V, 1 ' 1 ,,-this Mate. and at the door of toe couit-l.on-e, \» here “fiStirtl "r« Kwlo «i* p - r «S"» l Prop-rty iitint bo ,iv-n in h/» ^Notice to the Debtors aud Crediloriof an filiate must he pub- fi*^.J? r ,f-/nncu!ion wil' lie Mimic t** the Cmi'lof Ordinary ^'iVrpin'icll L IN®, must he nubh-hed for FOLK M»> Ttl*. far eave to sell NKCROKS, u.u fc t he |>uhlulml lor pODR MONTHSfhaiorcuny order absolute shall he made there* ° V-r« l |-rs inlccert-d in tlni i- Aiivcrti-inciil. wblcli .re pubb'b- ed Monthly, will find them in the lu st and lourth pageol the first P \ P um"i 0 aeis r o l I 1 this'’kio(l continues to receive prompt attention nt the Oilier of the G J£ORHIA JOUIl5L%L- BLANK WRITS OF SCIRE . ACI AS. adapted naleat this Office* FABfllm THE Subscriber intending to wHbrtcuw his pritwlp.l fun-- from pin-ting. ,u tlf- Oohl H-gion, will -'ll ln« stoi ls of Sun.in rmtoti , TI,™ nv four liuiiilrint biuiult. it M «»!'• • h,»- Ipllnil cotton ill fic.t drill*,ml,.u«conil.uiluilog nun h bi«b- * ' ' ji may .ci otilliioti.lc noipy plant-c I,I know they can hn.u ipbcd wlto -ceil. Tb-sccilarc at my pl»nt.lion,v«.»liin«- jwmjtwTMEitwttb.. To Hie Citizens of Put nit nr County. ~ THE undersigned lim ing sold nut his stork «4 Medinnes, A*.it? Di'. MAR TIN G. SLAUGHTER.*’*•>»? take this oc- ration of reconwnendinB Dr. hlauahter to his hTTfrieoils ^ pntrons, as « Physician jn every way u ort 7« iBfil confidence and putronatH*. l>r. Slnitfhter has renH Mediclnr weveral years under my instruction, uU**oiltd several courses ol lectures in a re-pec table Medic al School, nod has be ndVHi.la«e many years experience in the practice. He w ill atu ml W all calls in his prolhct imi, and inny be found etyn v'/v ot my former residence. THUS. Latontnu. Jan William II. Smith, Respeclully nnnouncca himself to Hit* citizens of Oyh’thori- c-*unty, as a can- — didatc lor Clerkoftlie SUprrhir bml Interior r,.)uris,Ht the uext January electiiia.Mud aoitcaU the support fil Ids friend.-and fellow-citi/eti* (.i-net ally, ja u awry 17—ismtim . , REM OVA L. MRS. NANCY JONES, MIM.KVEIl, Mlt.I.r.lMJEVH.I.F., AS removed her Millinery Store tn the, house recently occupied by the late * Mrs. Torrance, de- <1, mi the street lend'we «•' Ca.pt. Jarr»U>, t»n tt»e North- Vtcsi corner of the S<piar»* on which the New Masonic Ruildims iscrrctinc. where she is uow prepared to attend the calls ut her iriends and customer*, she lias on hand, and oft'ers tur sale, •»'» moderate lerms, such articles as are usually kept in her line ol business, such II Fanry tioods tttui Bonnets. •emitted uslentiuu if* hu-i MILbEOGEVILEE CLOTHING STORE. R EMOVAL—The Su1iHcrit<cf lin.remfiv. ed in the Store formerly occupied by Marfnioa: L laur, n here lie has now on hand, and iaieods Kcepitic a generiil ns- surtmeut dt Ready Jtlade do thing* Together wilh every article necessary tor the completion of gentlemen’* npparef. A. V. VAIL, lehruary I I —it JEST RECEIVE!*, A T the MUkdgcmlU Clothin/r Store, in X». ailiiitit.il to III- fo,i.i-r 8iu-k, « fr-«ti mpply -f Ready .11tide Cloth:ng, of almost every description, luiuble tor lie* present season.— 'fhe work ir, warranted, ntiu- prices low . Also, h lew pieces of very superior CLOTHS, of various co lor, A. C. VAIL. fell 14—31 GRKatT B.//R,.if.VA. riAHR Subscriber having n very Inr^e ns- A winmentof FINE DRESS t:i,»'LS now an hand, tv ; " srlt them nt very reduced |»riecs for Cash. A. C» VAIL leb 1 f—f>t Dr. Peters’ Dispensary, MII.LELKjEVILI.K, Hancock Street, No. 17. D R. P. returns sincere tlianks for the very Phernl poti-onage extended tojiim, since bis arrival in tuis city, and liupes 10 merit the cominued and united sujipoi i ol hi- t'oi nier patrons, nod gain udilftionwl new fii.es. p-rt it - alfticted with chronic <ir luveterale illsenses, ]mrtieu lulv SCROFULA, DYSPEPSIA, and Liv. r cuipUiius, by it I- nwiugthe advice of Dr. 1*. inny rely upon being speedily reliev- ed of llio<e distressing maladies. NOTICE T HE subscriber hereby informs bis friends ami the public generally, tl»»t Ijerealter he will only work fbr Cadi,or for those ip whom he mav he indebted. II* C'jutiuue; to mnkc Mill Irons, Inks and (iudpr.ons, a<u«ual—Mill Rotes.and other Casth.gauf Hra*a or Compi lion at sittv-fivo cent* per pound. XT GUN LOCKS repaiied a 1 , theahortest notice, Miileilgeville, Dec I—4-owll I. T. lilfSHING DRAWING POSTPONED. Pit ion Hotel Property t.otterij. tllHE Drawing Jins been positioned till JL the first Saturday ip March next, ulien ii will posilively hedrawn. J. It. BATEMAN, I'roprietm. Thomaston, Fell I-I ¥ AW MOTIC’H.—Ths undersigned JLi having utiited their int«*reat* in tin* rr' , f» ,s *-mt*, w ill Prar- lice La*v in the several Counti* 4 * of the OronilKee Circuit, and Mirh other enuuties of the mijoinini* Circuits hs huainess may call them to. MAPU A. COOI'KK. Ediuiiton, Felt 14—-It SAMPSON W. HARRIS. FZEMUFF H*. Cl'IsER'S'S* ATTORNEY AT LAW, AS located in Aurarin, Lumpkin enun- ,i#il will practice in nlf the counties nl the Cherokee j of Hall, Westefn Circuit. All liusineis will be vhiuikfuUy receive*! and jironiptly H Circuit, and il entrusted to his atiemled to. el) 21 — 1 m UICIIAKD II. HOLT. 4 TTORNEY AT LAW, luiving located nt Cherokee Court-hou«e, w ill practice In Hie several NEW ESTABLISH M ENT. Gordon A Bradley, Tailorn, AVE locnted themselves in Milledge- II -iNilh , on Hanroek Street, when- they will carry I HLORlNti fll'SINKSS.in mII its vaiimi* hranchei-. From tl,#,r Icmi^experience in the iiu-ines«,ttu y ll.itter llieuiselvei they 'vill be able to give general »aitst.iQliou to lUo*c who may favor them H jth their cummui. • HUitary II'ork executed in *’*-e tic.itesi manner, and at the shortest notice. no»t tuber i TEN DOLLARS REWARD. SuTMAYED or Stolen from ihu Subscri- ” lier's pinnlniinn, S miles from Milleile-villr, i!,r ,M»eon n«l, on or aknui Hi. 2Sil, ol Jnnmry )n-l,o OK.AV III,ItSE, a-T-n* yenrsold, n dark mane nud tnd, his fore Iret somuwhat i 6«>od nrile d », rl f ; wll, '° -mu ollJie v feb H IVNU pnfNDKXTKR. R SJ25 REWARD. UN’AWAV from my plantntinn on flic -*e> .1,11,- lo.l, a notion*,,, ,f SAI'Lbr SOLOMON.!,, i. ? '''‘iCvior HO years «it iize,6 •w omplericd. has a sear « »y ncui and walks will, hit heve ito hn* U .- n carried,, •il v f.-irn «it n?e, 6 let t >. I»r :* Inches high, a little jH • of his rivl j-iifit*, ocrH-ionen t* et a littln terned outward, h l ,1 w ii c.irrieu oil hv some white person, 1 will give f‘»;j!'t*.nppre!ienvion Of the m cro. if ui ii ,f„i lljH , s,a, *;,or 'Z r > doliarsnutl nil retisouahle ex proses par I, t al "«y ill RuckvlMr putnuni county, oi ^•Iged many sole Jad «• that ! get lum. ftHCRLY fiLFBG V.. Dec. S.I&JJ. llfOROAN County, t.enrgia—Tolled Iw- [ ,m ‘ „y C<,i-n-H<i< D. Sli-Ml, „i »it. ;a’,ih ili«. 0. M. 1 , r '.V.'l' i.ii' ■' l*„r>-„l,o,u8 j«,irs„l,l.-Ill, n skip on hi, , w., •■7 11 : •imunn his hnrk, nntl stuut lieftne ; appraivetl »iy rrn,;.. 1 .c f° U ‘‘ a,lU Mu, HoilT. Wsih. t*S :»• dol'.ll-. I si Ii IK- earner, ft,j. lii.N.i A .MIN BROW >, J. I*. 'i«ue extract from the Lsttav iDeik.. >-1 .lamia* v. 15 23. - L ' 1 ' a. I.l.cv YEP, c, L C. MTOLEN from mv Htahl#, i»» \Valton Cc». ; i-j 1 . 1 ', 1 |?r r , v, *idn« uf (he 12t1i Fel»r„ iry. 1833, r younjr bright Inti, a • r !‘ ars °l*l iu April next; she i- about 1* liaiids ‘nuMu-m. ,,,Jlr '.* hu«hy tail, I,bir'It mane, one hind I,mu w hile, a uohls her hrtJa'i •*". ll)ti f'D’elteatlf when r*-t* d rid. - nlea-anf. feii2ni d UifU * TUGS. EI’TNKE. HfNCUGg County, Ijhtorsla.—-Clerk's A tlict i **'*’ loferior Court tear on ii i 1 W ,, h* f whit hiv r»ts*-.« eve injured, n remnrkahle ! k "in.-.w.H C ,n“'i llMi “" "' ,v '•=’*-■ j ■■■*■ Uforr \\, V. V, Appn«efl to lldrty-liv*- M.*!l»r*, was p-»*ed G 14*’ K ‘ "'‘"Dm, Kmj. by Wpv. S Hu n I, of the Ill’ll. f„l, 0,1 ihe first flay of Kfbrnarv. If »3. h f vtiv ponr.RS, cm. (■Bor^id.— lN»M«*rl h»- *q. of Cvpi. Mjtjraw'«district, on •,M| i0, rha’trn*' a HAMILTON 1SUUGL, D. U. i. t. , 'ounly, IS'-mZ'.T!.":™'* V flvhl. 'u- J-l'n »<■ *PI>tK, v ,j . ./■ "’yhl nexi spl ine. -I feet Garret. l0 *5 dullars by IVillinni llicht'-v VOLUME XXIV. rifILLEDGEVILLE, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 28, 1S33. NUMBER 28. ALDNV IN County, Georgia.—~-Han>or 1 ■'“•'“T* ufUopt. Petohen >n*s di-t. tolls he|.,r«* me a hripht hayfmire.lJor Hycm-sohi, mark ol a fistfluw on h. r : . n- I°,T 5 h y Goodwill Ayr*** and Wiiev LTouiWulo* 10 1 .r;Sr«ct from the Kstray SeTO" l> ‘ 1<t - IUNSDM ll. sVITU, CU. [BY AUTHORITY.] A Av>T to provide lor tin* rail of a Convention to lo rreiue© llin number ol tho (ieiteral Attsenibly of the Slate of (Jeorgui, and for oliier purposes tliere- in named. l.c it ctmctcil by tkr Senate and ffousa of Rrprcscn~ taJiccs of the State of Georgia in. Gr.ntral Aswinhtij mct % awt it is hereby mooted by the authority of the sntnc, Thul the first Monday in April', eijrhteeii hun- dred and tliirty-fliree, he, ii tit) theeame »« hereby tl«*- eignsted and net apart on (lit* day mi which the citi- 7.ene of lieorria tjualilied lo vole for menilierti-orthe Eepiulature, ehail uttlif* oeveral place** pren»:rii*ed by law for holding such elections vote for dele7*'tea lo represent litem in Convention, in number v.fual to llieir repreaentution in both tirr/iches of the (ienerul Assembly ; such elections In be conducted, man- :*^dd Rtid certified under the same luw* as are of force in respect to elections of members of the .General Anseinbly. Sec 2. And be it farther enacted, That it shall he the dulv of such inanngnrs to transmit to his Excel lency tho (ifivernor tlie result of said elections un der the laws now of forco lor conducting, managing and certifying elections of members of the Genera! Assembly ao aforesaid, wjthin thirty dtiysafter such elections—Whereupon it is made the duty of l!is Excellency the Governor to issue his proclamation declaring the result of said elections by naming the individuals severally elected to represent the good people of Georgia in Convention as contemplated by thin act. fc*eo. 3. And he it farther ranch d, That every citi zen of the United States shall be eligible to & seat in said Convention who has attained tiie age oi twenty- five yearn, find been an inhabitant of tliic State se ven yeafs immediately preceding the day of his nlec- tion. and who t-hnll Stave reeideri one year ill the county for which lie shall be elected. Wrc. 4. And it it further enacted, That each mem her returned as duly elected,shall previous to taking hia Feat in said C Convert lion, take the following oath, or affirmation, viz : I, A. 13. do solemnly swear, that I will n<*l attempt to add to, or take from the constitution or attempt to change or alter any oilier section, clause «*r article of the constitution of tho State ol Georgia, other than those touching the representation in the General Assembly thereof; and that i hove heed a citizen of this suite for the lust seven years, so help me God, And any person elected to a seat in said Convention, who shall refuse to take the oath afore* tM id. shall not be allowed to take his seat in surd Con vent ion. tfec. 5. And be it further enacted, Thai the mem bers of 3aid Convention shall assemble on the first Monday in M*y ot'ler their elect tor*, at Milledgeville, in the Representative Chamber of the State House, lor tho purpose of entering upon and consummating the great objects of their convention, to-wit: a re duction and 'equalization of the General Assembly ; , shall have power to prescribe their own rules nud forma of business, and to determine on tho qualifi cations of their own members; elect necessary ulfi- cers, nnd moke all orders which they may detun con ducive to t ho furtherance of the object for which buch Convention slinli assemble. Bee. (5. And be. it further enacted, That it shall be the duty ol His Excellency the Governor to give publicity to the alterations nnd amendments made in the Constitution in reference to th« direction [reduc tion] of the numberof the members composing the General Absembly. nnd tho first. Monday in October next, after the riw lg of the said Convention, lie shall fix on for the ratification, by the people, of such amendments, alterations, or new articles as they may make for the objects of reduction and equali zation of the General Assembly only • and if rati fied by a majority of the voters who vote on tin* question of “ Ratification’-' or “ No Ratification,” then and in that event, the alterations so by them made and ratified, shall be binding on the pn^plo of this .State and not otherwise. Sec. 7. And be. it. further enacted, That it shall be u fundamental urticla.in the formation or amendment of the Constitution, that each county of the State now organized or laid out, or which may hereafter he created by law, shall be entitled to al least ono representativojn the representative branch of the General Assehibly. Sec. 8. And be it further enacted, That so soon an this act shall have become a law, His Excellency tlu* Governor, be, and he is hereby required to cause it to be published in the Gazettes <»f this Slate, once a. week until the day fixed on by this ant for the elec tion of delegated to mud Convention; and that ai) la ws nnd parts of laws militating against this act, be., and tho saint* are hereby repealed. ANBURY HULL, Speaker of the House of R«>}»reK<*ntntives. THOM AS STOCKS, President of tiio Senate. Assented tfl, Dec. 24, lh32. WILSON LUMPKIN, Governor. .... ■ ■ j ■ 1 ""-.fW POLITICAL. Rowan’s Lrllfr. Haudstown, Dec. 27. YS32. Dear Sir.—Your kind letter, encloaing m« th r* Proclamation of the President of the United Stairs* H^rainst the State of Soul!) Carolina, came duly \o hand,for which accept mv thanks. You request my opinion upon the Proclamation. Alter having rend it with much attention, and with-the most 1 n- teuKi* interest, 1 regret that it is not in mv power to bestow upon it that commendation, which i m jst cheerfully accord to all the other documents wh'.ch emanated from the pen of that illustrious man. Lit I am constrained to say, that 1 doubt tmtli the le rit- imacy r.nd policy of tho measure, and rsprub tie, toto cor dr, the political doctrines which it proclaims. But before ! notice its particulars, allow me to inise, that I am, and always have been, AByou kn.mv, opposed to the American system. I consider it nei ther more nor less than the “ power o| taxulion <td infinitum, arid of approjiriation ad libitum. Now it is of the essence of i\frec State, that ull the po wers w inch may he exercised by its Government shq.ll be well defined, &i carefully limited: & all ot the pow ers which a government may exercise, that of ta.ru- tion is the m*»st “ searciiing” nnd severe. It in .1 power, which, in the Ireestand mildest Govern monl can be but barely tolerated ; but when it is acc jrdeil without any limitation, check or restraint, other than the discretion of the Govemmmit, it .s tyi nnuy in its worst and most oppressive f*»rin. The d irreiit notion that the rights of all the people of a political community may he safely cpufided to tho will of* majority, is m«*«t mischievously errmieomi. Tin chief purpose of a Constitution, into bridle nr *d re strain the power of the ii».ai'*ritv, so an toeecuru th* l ights of the minority. The rights of the latt er are considered as sufiicie’n'Jy secured l»y tlwi- C* iistitu- lion, when the power Ol tlie former is ho limits hv thut instrument, that it must in its every c UTtion. aifi-ct tiie fights ami interests of l*»lh in tho* same degree. The Constitution of the United States could not impose anv precise and exact rer$raiutK upon t!m exerciao of the taxing power which is con fided to Congress. Tho weeds »*l the Gove rumen! constitute its natural limit : but that limit, no to it.' amount,is subject in those limitations which tim* inllicts upon the condition, of Blnles, mh well as of individuals. But still the limit is dwtim My 11^- cerlninable. It consists in the economical e Xpendi- tureRof the Government, in sustaining th*. army, the navy, and the civil list. When tiie Jitnil is transcended, for protecticn, or any other i'idefintte object, tbs minority atu thrown without fhe protec tion of the Conslitutiop, nnd left t * the die- retion of the majority. But that discretion soon d*.*|. vnernirK into tyrann v. 1 n the General Government.taxation so fur ns it has for ith object the protection of d'»- mentic iuduatry, has no sanrtion in either t h«* letter or tiie spirit of (he Constitution, it i«. I aeliev«*,a perversion of the Federal compact, and m jstevent- iiniiy prostrate the Union, or he abandon **1 by itf- advocates. Tl»»* Stotts may tai. fi*r ti*e }»r Rectum *•! tho induatrv of tiietr oitizepH, hut llu* Gepxral Gov ernment cunnnt. But mmeof tlio States ii%oe oxer- deed this very delicate power—a strong evidence lh.it its exercise is not congenial with lh*a spirit ol freedom, and of our free ipstitutious. The Union has for its basis the consent of the- Stales. In substituling/rar l-y the exercise off etc* to maintain it. the' jasis will be destroyed. Fear in th“jirinciplo of a despotic, ami virtue that of a re publican Govermr ent, and to quiet th** agitations of South t.arolinn, t.j h Congress of the United States 1 should fort/iirith, i> occordunce with the dictates of virlue, ot justice, nnd of patriotism, re-modify ^n* taiili, and reduce iu exactions lathe revenue stand- ard to tin* neec g nt th»> Government. By tiiis measure, the Un on will be left upon its natural bu* sis, and will be c. berisliod by the* Staton, ns a most be.uilice.ut agent, not abhorred and dreaded as a ty rant; and it will not.you may rely upon it. subserve the purposes lor which it was formed, longer than it shall l*e uheris hod by the afiections, and sustained by the wisdom o f the people of the United Stale*.— It cannot, I rep lat, be sustained by their blood and carnage. ^ 1 uke llie r-ag. i, which now unhappily exists, of oeuth t.srolina. and suppose that by force of arms plie shall be sul iritittd into a submission to the Amer ican By stem. The moment she in conquered, sh* is puthy the vervnot of conquest, (which was intend ed to whip her more closely into the Union,) out of theUnion. S iu will be a conquered province, and a* such, sulyti t for her government to the will «»f her victor. It is a misfortune, that in* speaking «»f our free instil-itions, w« are obliged to oiuploy the the language which was formed and adapted to the use «>! the su jjecls of arbitrary governments; and that in using the language, \vc are imperceptibly led inio t|»e train of ideas which is habitual with mis rule hud its \ nasals. Wo hear every day, nnd ovsn Irom inen wi lolinve had some politicnl experience, and have sop ie reputation for intelligence, the sen- liinent ihfit Mouth (birolipa must be subdued; other wise, any St sle may, when she chooses, aocodo from the Union, : Hid the.Government will be dissolved. This lungu* ige is appropriate in reference to insur reclionary i novemuuts by oji excited or misguided populace; out when uttered in relation to an entire political cot u in unity—tou sun reign State 1 1?. altogether misapplied . Gould not the Stules at unv time, by iuiling to » end Keprescntutives and Senators to Con gress. (,r« elate the Government #mf dissolve the I nion * There exists no power in the General Go vernment to keep itself alive, by keeping in regular action its tital machinery ; it was left dependent upon tiie xhM of the States for its life, and tho con tinuaoice ot its whole legislatin' power; and does not th#* v iry consideration, lh.it the I ieneral Govern ment was nut. armed by the Constitution with tiie powrrr nt keeping its own vital machinery in action, gnfai to prove, that reliance was placed rather the virtu t ami patriotism of the States,than upon its owu cotrc.ee pmeer, for the continuance of the Union? The Union, I repeat, was roiuntarilyfarm ed by fr<:e communities for the protection and pt-rpet- uatic n < f their liberties; it was not produced by force*-'t .cannot be continued by fear. 1 repeat agni u, iJiat force aiid fear were not elementary i» gred ieuts in its formation, and that they cunnot n»* be V 'ivhpKomeiy infused into it. Sovereign Stall canv«ot jiiHtly be llm subjects uf tlnmt.t uttered |»v the hit)yernment of llieir- own formation. Notbirtg is ti* nt v mind more absurd than the idea, that the Genuaral Government can,or ought t**, maintain the Uii.oti by conquering the Staten who formed it„ into its ea; port un d'nm i rile nance. No 1 . The Union can only b«* preserved by tlu* abandonment of tho Amer ican f'Vblem. and the abstaining of tiie (ieneral (in, verniiwent from eticroochments upon tho rights of tSxo States. But I have wandered from the proc lamation ; you must, however, have perceived in wtmt I have mid, some of the grounds upon xvliicli I don Jit ns to the legitimacy of the measure. 1. cap find no authority for it in the Constitution, nor do 1 beheve that the law of Congress in relation lo the e.zei nise of the proclaiming power by the (’resident, authorised it under existing circuinstunoes. Can a State commit treason ? Tho answer must be in the negMtive; well, if she cannot perpetrate treason, ehe cannot commit rebellion, for rebellion implies treison, and treason implies a violation nf allegiance. But to what power do-the States of this Union owe allegiance? Certainly not to the Genera! Govern- moot, for they created it. The creator can never nwv allegiance to the creature; that would ho the most nt’-eurd of all the absurdities which, ot this interes- ti og crisis, are tossed from tongue to longue. They certainly cannot be said to own allegiance to each «i ther, for they are equal. Then if u State cannot 0 r*mmlt rebellion or perpetrate treason, ii is un unjit 1 object fur the I’reclamation, ami as there cqn be no reason for proclaiming against a Stale. »o» Bhero.can I ie no authority in Uied’fusident to proclaim. But, after all. wherein consisted the necessity', or *ven the propriety of tbi* measure? Misguided or infnrinled aesemblies of tiie-people may, by the ter rors of an Executive 1’rnclamition, be awakened t<» a sense of the enormity nf their conduct, dml of their perilous Condition,and abandon their rash nnd impulsive purposes ; but, it is incompatible! with the sovereignty of a State, that it should b»> awed by a proclamation ; a proclamation U itself a sove reign net, and can only be supposed to operate upon or # influence, the subjects **t‘ the sovereign who makes it. Now this proclamation was intended to operate upon tlie State of South Carolina, or upon tho majority of il»citizens, win* are engaged in an nulling the Tariff In ws ; but if a State cannot be guilty of insurrection, treason, or rebellion, bo nei- ther can the citizens who compose jt, when acting as a political community, either in the • enaction of laws, or in yielding obedience to them. I cnnnoj, therefore, tee the legitimacy or propriety, of the Proclamation, in reference to the citizens of that State. Indeed, I deprecute any interference of the General»mvernineiit with the pn.rmiiuga of Lite States. I have no doubt of the pure and patr„*tic intention of our illustrious Chief Magistrate, and regret exceedingly that lie did not, ns Congress was rn eension, axk the advice of that body. There is, we are told from high authority, ** safety in tho mul titude of counsels." J think, moreover, tliat tho case was one in which it was their right, rather than lu« duty to act. But upon the supposition that the President had the authority to proclaim. I dntioi 1 again say, think, that the Proclamation at the time arfd under tin* circumstances, was a measure of good policy. The annual messnge-of U»e President had been sent in to Congress only s’x <lavs before tho proclamation was issued. In that Messnne, (and a must splendid and orthodox doLMjmi#ii it v, :s.) he had recognised the correctness of tho r*rinciples in ruferunco to the turilT, for wlwh Bouth Oarolira cr»n- tends and upon the violation of which by the Gen- eral Government, she had predicated her complaints, and her movement* for redres* ; ami ho hnd r**com- j mended to Congress such n modifi*xiXinrt of that law, I ns would have removed ail cause fi»r such corn- { plaints. Might il not have* been expected that the i effect of tin* message upon the South Carotin inns. I would have been of tiie most, tranquilizin. 1 * chanc-j ter ; and ought its efiect iu influencing Congres* t** j remove, by speedy icgielation. the ramie* of llieir I disquieltnles, lo have been dtepaired of r And would j It h«t have been good policy to have forborne to j proclaim, until time had been eflbrded G»r tin* (LfTo- sion anil mid operation of ii** m*»st excellent senti- i inents. I rintrripateii wli»-n I r**ad that mersag*, tfint it Would causa South (’urolina to sin*peod her mil- : liliving ineasorea, A* to-asvait iiHefi’-ct upon.tiie C**n- j green to which it was nddren-icl Much, 1 thought, i might be expected from the cogent nnd emphatic | manner it* which he spoke uphn the euhject **f the I 'J arifl’. 'I’Jie lucid and more than Delphic correct-I ness with which lie developed the true principles of j a just Turifl* law, seemed to be resistless ; every *en- liiuent whic h h*n*teT*d upon that sohjert, h*o i»v >l , In wear th* 4 stamp nf demonstration, and to bu lirrnk- i ed by the mor i! hoc® nf the overwhelming majoritv ! by which lie had just been r*-«lrcted to the Pres - , denev. In tlint Message, mo, he spoke of Stale i Rights, and of the powers of tho General- Govern- j ment, in connexion with tho tor*D*. in terms t * which the goddean of liberty, and ilie veiierat* cl ; shade of Jefferson, (her beloved devotee.) might have j listened, not merely with approbation,hut with fap- \ tnre. I a that message he also reprobated tiie exer- ■ cist* bv the* General (iovornment **f constructive <»r doubtful powers. When I read it. I ffIt a sensation of indefinable joy. f fellas if 1 had heard good news . I thanked beavert tacitly for bestowing upon the United States such a President nt such a crisis. Jucb*e. if v'oj can, whnl uuh.\ have been my surprise wlieii J had read the Proclamation and saw that in that document In* had reversed revoked. & renounc ed ull the orthodox sentiments of this message in relation to Stale Rights and the exetni*e of doubt ful powers by the General Government ; and all the , impressive and sublime political sentiments which characterized his veto upon the Mnysville Road Bill nnd h:s v**to. upon tho bill reehnrtAring the Bank of mo United Slates; in fine, the Proclaiiiution has can celled all thepolitical sentiinentaofhi* whole previous Lfip—(hose which endeared him to the people of tin* United States, and upon which, and for which, he wit* re-elected to the Presidency ; nil,, nil, are razed and superseded by the adoption and prunulgation. in that document, of a national ennenhdatiem creed, stronger nnd bolder than ever was professed by any «d it* most distinguished votaries He now denies that the State* were sovereign. They were dot so, he say8, when they formed the present Constitution, because they had iieen united a* States in their re- •distance to England, nnd before they became States, they were united un colonies to their resistance of the same power—ergo, tluyirrre not sorcrctgn States ■— a palpable non Sty niter. Hut let me for a moment inquire wli^ influence the Union of the provinces, against Groat Britain could possibly have upon the independence which tlrnv achieved for themselves, by their triumph in that contest. They were unit ed as colonial communities ; nnd when tlisy declar ed themselves independent of the mother *country, it was not their independence as one great communi ty, but their independence as thirteen distinct polit ical communities, as thirteen States They nil unit ed in the assertion of the independence nf* each ; and they united their efforts to maintain the in dependence and sovereignly *of each. They did maintain it They became by the glorious issue of that contest, each an independent state. If they are not now sovereign estates, it must ho because they have been moiled up and consolidated into one $tute ; or if that is not the case, because each has become the province of some other power, and of course subor dinate to, and dependent upon that power) Now upon whit Slates is any one of tho StuteN of this Union dependent ? To what is it subordinate ; Not to England ; she .was const rained by tim united voices on oil to acknowledge tho independence of each—n<k upon any other Stats in the Union, be- cauuo thrt Hluleti of the Union are equal and recipro cally acknowledged by themselves lo be so in their coiialilutimnl compact of Union. Where, 1 ask again, is the power upon which the Slates are de pendent ? For, if by their Union as provinces, and nud afterward* ns States in the assertion «V achieve ment of their independence, it was' impossible for them to lose it, it must have been found by Home body ; nod Hnvereignty is an article that could not well ho litlden by tho finder. The President lias pointed t*lthe cflqkei that contains then* Salute Jew els—it ih (he General Government—the sovereign ties of 111* Ktates, were, he spy* consolidated in* that Government. “The allegiance of the cili rens oftlirtSiules was (he tell* us in the Proclamation) transfo-red in tlu* fir^t instance to the govefnment ot the United*States. They became American citi zens and owed obedience io tho cruistitutiitii of-the United-States, snui to laws made in conformity tu^the powers veiled in Congress. Never wii^a sentiment uttered by'nny statesman in the United Slates ol such starting import as llu* one just quoted,, in dulge mo for a moment whilu I attempt 1«» analyze it. Citizens and Stulc are correlative U-nns, nnd their oblighlions are mutual and reciprocal—allf- fiance r»n llu* part of th** citizens and protection on the part ur [lie State. This tilt* President explicitly I’.douts ; fi*r he says, “ the ullegianr.o of the citizens was trttusfttrred, in [.Utsfirst instance, ftom *k--ir State, to tltv* General Government Npw, ullennhoH is the ligament that bindif the citizen* t*f their State.—*■ Dissolve that ot what is the game thing tfafilter it. and the Suite it*nnnihHated. The State opnshsts ol its citizens. 'J'hw allegiance of the latter is the es sence of llusforirjor. Hut the President ,. s not roj.tont thata single vewtigo of ji of .State shoiitd be left; apd therefore, after having translerr»vl the nllcgiaiiRH *»f her citizens to the (ieneral Government, Jie says, “ tJie.y bccn\nc. cHizefcs cf Amcricd.” So that Iih hay literally |>ulverized the Slntes. • The people of anv Stiittfntay, according to Ijisitoclrinc, make war upon it; or do wiiat else they ploiKC ngoinst it, or its laws. They cannot incur the goilt of treason, hartrute they owe il mi njlegiunce. “ Their ntle- ginnee hfiB been tran*fcrre«i to the Genera! Govern ment.—they ate citizens of America,” owe no cd*e- dience to the laws of their quondam Slate. By the by, what is meant by this last clause **f the sen tence, “ limy bccajno citizens nf Ampricn.'* I pre sume lie meant bv America, tire (ieneral (tov-ern- ment—berause the icUi'/ens of the Stales, by the tnli^ferof their allegiance lo the General Govern ment, would if it were possible for a mere Govern- • nienl ID hunt citizens, beconm e.ilizetiB qf it. But Hie idea of citizens of a Go,\rnmmt, and allegiance to a Government, in quite a new one, /uid b»-4 mg* to th* 1 oiiiHolidalion bchool. Allegiance ,is a relation tJialcan e.xisl only bet ween subjects and th*-i,r sove reign—si Lice ns and their State. No sir. The Slates retained, and i|o still, in fact, and in huw, retain their r.itizwns—and the latter owed, always, and do still continue to owe, allegiance to the former. They owe no allegiance to (lie Government of the. United Styles. They owe it obedience. Their allegiance belongs to their sovereignH, ftie Sutej*. There ie no biicIi being in tho United^States n-» a citizen' ol America, or 41 citizen of the Government of the United States. We arc all ritizeriM nf tjif* Uni ted States of America, owing allegiance to our own respective States, and obedience to the Gov- (snme.ht and laws of tho United Stalls. They are rovereign, notwithstanding they were united in their colonial condition, A: alter wards as States l»y tho old Federal emupnet; and are now united by the consti tution. AN hat I would ank. msis the condition of N«uth (Barulina, after t,he udop'ion of'the Constitu* thin hy the other State*, until b «• adopted it ? Dur ing that period she was either u province or a state; she was not dependent upon any otli-r Stale—ot courstEshe was, herself, nu independent sovereign Stale IJer obi Federal associate?* had left her, nud according te the doctrine of the Proclamation, blir wav* the only sovereign state tlmt, ever existed in North America—and slift became so accidentally, nnd continued ho hut fi r u short time. But what, ough-t tf* he considered as a conclusive argument, that tlu* allegiance of the citizens of tin* Stale* was not transferred to the (iurorjimcnt oj the. U. States, in the declaration of the Constitution, that “ treason against the Unit'd States shall consist only in levy ing war against tUein,” Ac. Now, if Ilie allegiiuc.e of the oil (zona bad been transferred from llieir .Stales to the Government, then the treason would have been domuutj-od against the Government of the United States, and not against the United Stales.— f * »r there call be no treason without the relation of allegiance, and the treason is neceas irily against tbe power lo which tlie allegiance of its perpetra tors was due. Again, haw could the citizens of 1 lie Ujiiled States withdraw their allegiance from their respective states, and transfer it to the Govern montof tiie United 8tales, without being guilty of moraJ Irrasan, at least against their .'■hales? But to#* first clause of the second section of the fourth article of the Constitution, prove* that they did not incur thatg mch Statoshall he the principles of the proclamation, il in not worth preserving, except for purpose* of consolidation, nnd eventual slavery. But I will not despair. The Slates and tin* people have been stunned by the Proclamation int*#llie temporary stupor of astnnish- meiit. It will pan* off. They will not follow the President into the arms of hi* adversaries. They will adhere to the principle* upon which they elect- him, nud which lie has uo unaccountably abandoned. Had the last nnnunl message been the last not ot General Jackson's political life, or had he contin. ed to net in ncordolice with its principles, he would have been cannonized by his colempnraries, and idolized by the votaries of liberty in all time Income. But I am fatiguing you. Let those who have! supported the President in th* view to hi* patronage, follow him, nnd contend with the nationals (wlmI will now hail him as a second Daniel) for office.— j For myself, I shall remain devoted to the principle* | of the annual in**«ag«. until they shall l»« re-assert- I ed by the people, wliicli I hope will be the case sro I long. Your friend. j JOHN UOAVAN. 1 lion. Nathan Gaither. duties—And for tin# wt in m$m$4 ti pillat% fraud and robbery, even upon Um loan of tbe («• housea of ConsreM.in tnrma lb« OMMt grom and inaulting. And altbuugb tonMof racriauMtio* have not been applied to gentlMMMfton the Death, it ia a lamentable fact, thatthia anewaing clamor and abuse, have produced the mod Mignant fcel- inps in ninny aectiona ofthe country,tbit may throw insuperable difficulties in the way of an amicable adjustment of the unfortunate cawtroverty. If the prices of {roods of kinde menefactared in the United States, had increased in eoneecncncw of the Tariff; there would be tome cause of com plaint, but this ia not tiie faet, eccepl io case of cnarse woollens, and this in cnneequeoce oftlie votes of the gentlemen from the South. On the contrary, the prices of most of these have decreas ed, nnd that in consequence of the foreign end do mestic competition, and ore in fact much lower than they would have been, had no each competi tion taken place. A very small portion of the citizens of the East ern, Western end Middle states are engaged iu manufacture*; they have to pay the seme price for mnimfactiired articles, foreign or domestic, that are paid in the South, and if these were inhanccd by the encouragementtpiven lo manufactures, they would as soon complain as the gentlemen of the South ; and yet upon this anbjeot, there is no eom- ptnmt among thorn, for the plain reason, that thcro is no cause of complaint. You consider as a delusion, the idea that the duty upon imports is a tax upon the exporter, as such,— yet this delusion, has had a most decided effect in producing the excitement in the South ; and al though tho delusion has passed away, the excite ment remains. • It Is believed in the South, that if |ho protective system should be aholished.ibey be enabled to add irom thirty to forty per cent, to their sales of cotton—that in that cose, Great Britain would pur- chnso of them a world of cotton, that she dots not want—and 1 have heard gentlemen iron the Sooth, nnd of excellent understanding and apparently in their sober senses, declare it as their decided opin ion, that if n separation of the states should take place, the property ofthe Southern states—house*, lands and slaves, would immediately ri»e 50 per cent, iu value. That this delusion prevails exten- COItUBSPONDKNCE Btlwern (lor. DMtrrmn, Stnatnr tn Cengrr.vs/rom A'ciu Jersey, and IVillinm U. Craic/ord, Esq. TccKASDN.xr, (N. J.) 4th Oct. 1832. .My Dear Sir:—I owe you many npologics for not having sooner answered your letter of too 30th of I June Inst—hut overwhelmed with tho business that crowded upon mo otthc close oftlie session of Oonoress I omitted writing an answer’till I should reach home; anil Imre 1 found my business so much in arrenr, in’consequence nf my long absence, llint i I was completely occupied Ihr a month,—-when my j sively in the South I have no doubt—and if s<f, it is house was filled with my friends, who hnd escaped! nn ' strange that a love of the Union should yield from the chdfern, since which, my time has been to the prospect ot such immense gain. Indeed it entirely occupied.—And these circumstances must' seems necessary that some such powerful cause account for my apparent neglect. should exist, to account for tho agitation of tho Your Inter, although written with the most friend-! whole Southern section o.* onr country, (the Siam ly intentions, could have no effect in influencing my vote upon the tariff, as it was not received’ till nftor that subject rt-ns settled ih the Sonate. On tho iSkh uf June, we received tho Tariff hill from the House of Representatives, and on the 7th pas sed our amendments to a third rondmg. Your letter is postmarked the 1st of July, and reached Washington oil the 8th, (Sunday,)although in ednsequpneo of mv absence, 1 did not rend or see It ’till the next day. We afterwards bad a committee of Conference, of which I was a member, in which I assented to u i report, by which We yielded to tbe House of Rep-1 rcsentntivos, nnd abandoned, a part tM’ our amend ments to which they had .disagreed,some of which 1 ought to have been adhered to—bin I was not wil- ; lling to hazard the loss of tho bill, by a vain at tempt to oppose a majority of Conlerence—greatly j as the bill was calculated tn injure many important iriiimtfactflreB'in the United States, Uthought it bet ter to pnss it, if it would be considered as a meas ure of pnnciliation’by the South, as wo were as sured it would—an assurance w o considered us ful ly .justified by the final vote. Of my high estimate! of your character and opin ions, you have many proofs. If ony otic could por- sttndo me to abandon rny principles of protecting the agricultural, commercial und manufacturing in dustry it would ho yourself—nnd the preservation ol the Union, which you urge, would he the strong est argument' thnt could be offered : hut this I could not do, without betraying (lie trust reposed in me, nnd in thy humble opinion, thorn is more danger to the Union frstn abandoning the protec tive system, than from adhering to it. Tim re is no difficulty in reducing tho revenue to tho exigencies of the Government, hy repealing, greatly diminishing the duties upon unprotected articles, without effecting tho important articles of manufacture now protected by law, and this would bo precisely ns prnnt n relief from taxation, ns if the reduction tuck plncn upon the protected artic les. This however, would notnnswer the viewsof those who nro determined that we shall import from Great Britain, manufactures tn the amount of IS or 15 millions of dollars n year, in addition to the enormous value of those w e now import. To prevent this mode of reducing the revenue, n plan was devised,thut the duties should be equal ized : in the laugunge of Gen. Ilayno’s amend ment to Mr. Clay’s resolution, “ so that the duties nq no nrticle shall, ns compared with the value of that article, vttry materially from tho grneral uver- age." This scheme of n general average of duties, was us ingenious n's if was novel, and had it been carted into operation, would have destroyed the most im- ( psrtnnt manufactures of this country for the sole benefit of Greet Britain. There is nothing that betrays n morn deadly hos tility to tbo interest and prosperity of the Eens- tern, Western nnd Middle Hlntes, thnn this plan of n general average of duties—if such an average could he just under any circumstances, why was it not adopted when il was necessary to raise twenty- three niillioirs nf dollars a year by duties ? if net. proper heretofore, why it is proposed how, when wo propose,to Arise but thirteen millions hy du ties ? ft was nlwnvs expected that on the extinction of the public debt, there would bo n reduction of rev enue to the i mount of ten tnilliohs of dollars a year, hut it ivas not anticipated in the Eastern, Western and Middle Ktites, that this was to be the period of" abandoning the protective system. If it wus right to protect manufactures, when wo were in debt, it is equally right, when we ore out of debt. Are the millions nf property accumulated while in debt, to be sacrificed when the debt is paid ? is the prosperity nf agriculture, commerce arul manufactures to depend upon tho national debt? are all engaged in those interests, to bo sus tained while wo are in debt, and crushed wen wo are no longer so. The national debt does not give the power to protect the industry of the country, nor does its ex tinction take Away (hat'power. The Southern States now make remittances of ■their produce, in exchange for which they obtain foreign merchandize, not only sufficient fbr their ,, . , , ,, own consumption, but also to the amount of more .'retdTJtii: tiX:: %\ «>«» U™ Of » year for .ho eon- citizens in th* several Slates,' 1 leaving Uu-ir citizen-1 8llm J> l " ,n of the Eastern, Western tint Middle sin,, oi their Mutes, and their allegiance t.i iliem, i states; thereby rendering those states tributary to uuiMiMlurrcd—tiniibjLtiltfil. I tlioin. .And it is a subject of deep complaint, that In rr{'*T**nce to tin*-pror****fl»B«T5» in South Uurpli- those stall's do Diit consume of such merchandize in, l will «ay notJiiq^ men*, than thnt I r0«rr«tih*fu j to the amount of 12 or l.*> millions of dollar* more, «xc«*»d7i»(rly ; and my r**^.et is enhanced by t.'m f«*ar j 0 n ihev would he compelled to do, but for the man which 1 entertain,.that the proclamation Will huve ufUctuVos of this country, and fu* which tho cotton itniiT, instead *>f a tr.Miquiliziojc efiWt Jipnn Kflnniors would pay, in their produce, as they verily | believe—and this in truly Hie cause of the great • M ir '.i, A I fitriiirule Nvliich now niritafieN the states ; and winch M»rv«*o powers. L rm the c »rr**»*fhobs ol thiw orin-1 , . . . «* . ..*u .t . upon which she propose n. ,mi. very di-im- 1 >‘“ 3 pP**‘«.s.~.;d an excitement in the South, that limy gutirtisd men differ. Wuliout giving m this ti,„- . he utleuded w rth the must disastrous crftiscqucn- my hiimblo opinion upon the «ul>j**ct f I will siiy thnt J l»o*.v«*rs reserved in n sUate without tin* rest*rveti right j The ernin growing ami manilfactnrinjj states do •if preaerving and mnintainin^ them, uro in tbi*s« I not expect 80 to repftrfate the commerce ot the Uni- ooii«r»li«lntinnr tiinHn, of but little avail * ted States-, as completely to rotintervnil the restric- But s*noiiff|, upoQ thin, l*» in**, wry nfllirtinff r r e*iiilations of (Jrftnt Britain nnd other Knro- juft, 'i'll** f*r«**idi*nt wa»iny yrent AujkiIIo, I vimv* i poom gnvernments, so that tiie produce nf those **d him is the firm nnd fea»n*ss < hnnipmii m mir lr#*ii stll ( 0 < K j, fl l| h*. received i?r CXt'liantre for thbir whole „,,tituti.m. I esteemed him as a man nod ... u,ir- - , which to them would ho an immenso ad- «*d iimi an a hero un*l a BtalHMinari, p.nd i hail**d J»i ‘ ..tin*.. .1 re-election toll.. I'r-.i.iem v „« 'he .,,'i viuilnge^but they think (hat the Southern states •nditinn ol thut (S13 -^ 8'iiilli Carolina • lit t«» nullity nny «ncr«»ttchin**nt upon 4u* |TfNt pood tn ill* UmtAcl Bii!*•**. I flatt. lynelfi ciipht to be aatianed with th* advantage they now that l*«fijr© his t**rm of n«rv»^H wm **xniro<i, lif> woiil'l * enjoy, ol payinjj in their produce to the amount °f Uv his wiso and patriotic ndiniaiHirntinii of th*> Gov- > lOor 15 millions of dollars mmunlly tor imported «*rm**nl, liave trur*<juilr/.»?d the cmjniry, und rtbuk**«Ij articles consumed by thorn, the era in prowinjj nnd into sr.Bnce, at l«*aMt. ih«/«// spirit <*f eoriH<»lidat:on. [ manufacturing Mtntfs. Tins to the Southern states which thriMlitned tho liharly ul the people, and lh*>} jr onn of 1I10 benefit* ofthe Union, which they freedom nf the States*—in line, that finder Inn n«*"i would most certainly forfeit, should this Union be t*ic«« tho Government would be hrougnt back 1° | dissolved rcjruh,,rjin trar,:. I'ldrcd, l.ia ..it- "jmmil [ We are making no struggle tn pay bv our ex- lla'ted BumIi. Hr!'.: "..I that urn..' -xcclitnt doc.'- t’^ts/or artidon to he consumed in the South, but unmet h i- Iwrn co,n,.Ul»Iv .nnuiJcd by tlm precla "’e struggle to prevent any further addition to the mntinu. Th* two d.<-u:n#ni»or« |.«rl'sct uet.p»d-a mmiunt of imports for our consumption to bo pant Hy il,n prinoipU. *.f ltie. message, the Union would I tor in tbe produce of tbo South, and to nations, Lav* been preserved a» the iUgie of freedom. Upon i which exclude our productions, undsr prohibitory of Lonisana always expected.) The revenue from imports may easily bu reduced to thirteen millions of dollars a year, without a further reduction oftlio duties upon protected articles. This would bo about one dollar per. head for the people of tho United States, paid for the important benefits re uniting from tiie Union. Such a tax, for such ou object cannot be considered so oppressive ns to drive people to madness. Indeed, the people of the Smith hre willing to pay llieir share of this tax, but demand that the duties shall he laid upon all ar ticles of import by a general average ; and they are about to dissolve tiie Union, not because they are called upon to pay this amount of tax, but fur •jIiq diffnrencsfc makes to thorn,whether they pay the duties upon tea nnd coffee or upon sugar and mollasses ; upon quicksilver &. opium, or upon cot ton nnd woollens. The excitement of the South cannot he owing to u cause so totally inadequate. I liuve no doubt, that there ia a fixed determina tion of a large majority ofthe people of the Uni ted States, to protect the industry of the country against foreign regulations, and against the labor of the paupers of Englnnd, supported in part by the parishes iu tbc| manufacturing districts, work ing for less than the value of thoir necessary food upd clothing, nnd thus enabling the British manu facturer to export his goods, ul less thnn cost. This majority are willing to make every concession to the Southern states, which they can do, without ruin to the establishments that have grown nuder tho protective policy, heretofore odvocated by ma ny of the ablest statesmen of tho South. But if the concessions made in the Into Tariff bill be con sidered os nothing, I see but little prospect of sat isfying those who are in favor of Nullification, or even thoso who ore in favor *f u Southern Conven tion. Anxious ns 1 am to sec the extinguishment of the uutinnal debt, I liuve long considered it as t» most dangerous crisis in our affairs. I did not ap prehend, however, that it wonld impair tbo protec tive system of our country ; but I feared it would lead to increase tbo number of those who live upon the public treasury: that it would lead to the crea tion ot new nnd useless offices,—that it would lead lo the increase of salaries, nnd to a wild, ruinous, partial and unjust rysteui ofinlernnl improvements, by roads and cansls, nuder the legislation ot Con gress, nnd under the ufficera of the General Gov ernment, giving to them n dangerous power, with which il was out tiie intention of the federal con vention to invest them. Nut that I am an enemy to internal improve- mens hy reads and rnnnls : on tiie contrary, I am decidedly in favor of such improvements, if they can lie conducted with moderation, and upon nsys- tom of equal justice to nil the states, wit hour ad ding to the powers of tho General Government, and without absorbing the time of Congress in an endless hibnryntli of legislation. The power of Congress lo make roads and ca nals through stales, without or with their consent, I deny—hut I have never denied their power to authorize suberiptions in the stock of rontl or ca nal companies,established iu the states—for such subscriptions! have voted. You think it strange tijnt I should advocate the power of Congress to authorise the States to make roads and canals, 11 power which they coulii not exercise themselves. I proposed lo divide the surplus revenue, not wanted tor the purposes of tho General Government, as being in foot the proper ty of the States, from which it wus taken—the States to do as they please w ith it—tiie Stntes hav ing the money, would want no power (tout Con gress to make roudsaiMf canals with it. f hare no doubt of the, power of Congress thus to dispose of the'siirplus funds, nnd I am surprised thnt any olio can doubt it, who thinks it righi to vote for n sub scription on the part of the United States, iu an road or canal company.. In your second letter you say, that I have been re- prepresenled, as having made a speech or report in support of the tariff,mi the principles of equalizing fhe advantages which the Southern States enjoy over the Eastern and Northern States, in soil, cli mate, and productions. In a speech upon the tariff, nf 3824, I exhibited a calculation to show how much the grain grow ing States suffered from the circumstance, that they consumed two thirds of the imports into the coun try, while the produce of the South, in which but one-third of such imports was consumed, paid for two-thirds—thut io fact thn produce of the South, paid for nil the imports consumed in the Southern States, & half of all communed in the other Stales. This statement I quoted in a speech on the late tariff lull for the purpose of shewing, that in 1824, 1 as sumed the sume facts to prove, that the grain grow ing Elates were suffering from the circumstance, that the Southern Stales were exporting so much, and they so httje, in oxciinngo for our imports, that the author'of tiie famous Smith Carolina Exposi tion in Je28, took to prove, how much the South ern States were suffering from the same condition. To this it was replied, Hint my argument went to prove, that the advantages which the .Southern States enjoyed over the Northern and Eastern, in climate, soil, and productions, should be equalized. But I said no such thing—nor nny thing to justify such an inference, beyond what you will find in pa ges 22.23 nnd 24 of my speech, which I send you. In page 28 I give a sufficient explanation of my meaning—a very different one from that assigned to me. The situation of those in tho Southern States, w ho are opposed to the tariff, and at the etme time opposed to the violence nf the Nullifiers, must be extremely unpleasant. This I toko tn he your eit- ualion. If you encourage rush measures, you en danger the peace of tho country ;—if you oppose them, you become unpopular, and labor under the imputation of being more friendly to the North, than to the South. My own situation hie been rendered unpleasant by a somewhat similar cause. When the inleteits of the SeiUh, porticslarly of

Georgia Historic Newspapers

The Georgia journal. (Milledgeville, Ga.) 1809-1847, February 28, 1833, Image 1