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I PUt‘d
,1 til«*
ticur who commanded lJ»* luillta* r lo» ,v< “
l,v the individual* thus mill lretiie.1, r.n<l
cin.e before 111- 11,.1.1,..- ll>« - ,.l"’ '>• JXHtloo
«T*n «• it w»« in my • '• '
ioua lo the jn«V ai,. 1>. r.1 v "> 'I" "*
«JoT»rnnieiil, 1 xai.l to Hie p..n.|ilainni.t«, vmi mi-
to be enliefied will, v«mr <1 .•<■ I.ar^o -the 1,1,111
in Um officer, but m the lair- II* * 15 111
an authority, wlnoli, whether ri/M ' 1 , " 1 '
lievea him from the imputation m , -• "“ ,1 * *
law lea* oltrmpU U|*<>»* )°'* r
without harm, mu .ell m„r r-pn-si-.t^n net . * ;
wUce the military over the e,n iiulhor.i A'*
Mr. Speaker, 1 nn» supported in lliia v
onnrkvtaon upon
jjn*nt ;•
another sound rent
that ji>«kes w ;th
ov nil "j'P
“IV. N
iirn*P vrbo t.ofTO W> tiOeoflrWl
II on your tali I# D wiout to . d«! | J
d ■ i
h force as scarcely uvur fails i'»
\ retisnninjr.
ir the municipal laws of tin*
I by the
to up- i S(|
Marks ;
l lie
earnest
riled i
nl Jackson himself, notwithstanding 1 **.. T '.
you for power “ to put down a State. •
to ren.l to yon I,in »w" answer t» lli*
on Wniliington'* l.rll. .lay. ml ■ 1 • ■" “ ;
llmv Hind* upen him, “ lo mh'rni t'
r««w>n« that litvo induced the Lover '
cl.ne lli* enforcement ol the net to ,
with til" Indian tribe*. nml l" prpnerv.- pen ■
frontiere, paused in 1802. I.el me < ...
attention ul' the Home to ino reply.
"'“"i'll* Tndinnn, thu« ailuated, pnnm.i l r.-i 1
in nnv other light linn an mninl.c ■’ " : ’
Government, or, of tliat of tin* Mat'- :l
chartered limits tliej reside. If in ' •
ordinary legislation of Congress in re
ia not warranted by the Constitution. 1
tablished for the benefit of our own. ' l l n 11
people if in the latter, then, like;- ■
people resilient within the limits ol
are subject to their jurisdiction nn
maintain a contrary doctrine, nml to '
ocutive to I'MOKCI it by the rmp
MiciTAH\ nmn.. vmihi i>« t-
hand* a power t<» MAKE \\ Alt up ’*
of the STATIC and the LIBKKTil ' ‘ "'l""' 1 ,
Ur—A IMtWTK WHICH S/IOI 1.1 * M ; At
j:1) cn tiii; hands «>f *\u indiudual
C«»n rmnmeuUrv I"' necei^ary on language ro
plain? And i» V' . p T'‘ r ",*}
individual in tho ener se ol that which h .
ha* iifiouined, and warn* ns is Ifo much to bi
granted to ANY INDIVID! Ale Who w«l! tv.w
blame me for a freedom of (Ufcfcta in relttion to t •
measures of the administration, when it: < : n**l dm
claim* the principle* agninal which I war. ami when
too, 1 consider that all we hold
c.rcd b<»
If n subject f.nds himself
]," |K put to hi* petition for Ins redress wine
will not vouchsafe, it is a sufficient penalty that I
is to expect punishment from heaven. No man inn
presume lo question wimt lie does, much h
(id c him. To conclude, the famous binlu
•me that a King hy lineal succesnion, b»*m •
l.iwfully invested, cannot upon imputation either«* 1
r; fence or tyranny be opposed or deposed hy hi*
subject*. The surest way lo psonpn both the guilt
and punishment of high treason, is to b ar Hod an i
honor the Ivin". The counsel given by the wisest
of Kings is woithy to be adverted In. Think imt
evil of tho King in 1 hy heart, neither utter it w ith
thy lip*; lest.i bird of the air carry the voice, ami
that which hath wings discover tin* matter. Ic-t us
detest the principle* believed and practised by lino-
audicious violator* of royal majesty, tho^spawn ol
lAiyola, and keep fast to the doctrine
church, whichpn.olircly asserts, that the
of subjects, in obediem •• to their so verm »s in'*
olahle, and canto he dissolved, either upon the :■
count of *uppo(cd dime.; in thft person ol the prim
or the exercise of tyranny, oppression, infidelity <
hersey.” 1 have now, Sir, prusenled you with
(iove’rnmeiit founded upon the dinar, rights of Km:
Need I nsU you ifsnch be tho character of our L •'
or | eriiinenl I put the sober, serious, and, 1 hope,«<•'
they aiblo quetlion to this I louse, whether our* l* ft ,i ' 1
ernment containing the principles with which oi
old nulliof hn* bo much amused us* And. if r.
in whut does certain principles lately proinulgn’ci
and now about to he carried out by thu present
,, u mitr , 1, ; !' diiVi-r from them ; There is pot a man in t'n
wliO.'j nation who will not laugh nt the ahsnrdr
I of tho doe brines just read in your h
tho ignorance and superstition uj
rest, and which bn* donut!'
I bin long homo for daring t
j Speaker, shall I l»o rep
ridiculous a* were the*
this day noting over th
disturbed and agitated the bosoms ol those who
i have boon slumbering in lh *ir graves, for ne arly
| two hundred years? Are not tn
contending for non ri.astai
conditional submission t ami
General Governmrnt. hi
JL 'J’ mpfdf w.w*> tirtt by surdi r*nr.y w*f*
ami nu-aOH - are hereafter mfinaned, iuay
bo raised a /mlnic stock, to ho put into tho bauds of
comini' oners accountable to the King.
“. T r rai ingaucli vrblit slock, it is proposed fir.-A
upon ill pucli commodities a* occasion either excess
<*r Inxurv, wan ton ness, id leu ess, pride, or corruption*
ofminiie'-^, there may h« laid a hirpe and cJlrnorditi•
(n il imoust, a* upon all wines, all strong drinks, to-
. ii . ... rolfee, chocolate, sugar*, spices, plums, all
' sweet meat*, orange*, iVr.; upon n 11 silk*
ibbons, jewels, watches, plate, feathers, pe-
r11b***. Irno es, A r , upon all fine lumens, camblets,
up u cards, dice, tables, bowls, &c : upon all coach*
•*s, chariots, litters, sedans; upon nil pictures, per
fumery, paints for the face, loooking glass»*s, &.c*
.Moreover, a third part of all the gettings of coinmedi
ans rope dancers, mondtebnnks, lotteries, shows, iVc
. |{y tho hy, a much better list of taxable articles
than that furnished hy our own tariff nets.)
It. 'flint according to tho practice of the primitive
chriflLiant, whose devotion was such that they
thought no testament well made unless some run
" » *»e«%V*fc? I. li l : Iho clinreli I jj , i!; |l; .; r I, ..n 'liin: f l, - m.m
n<i li'sliuneiit henceforth •liotil.l l.n vnli.l nnlcH « > , afl . tlin „„' nt ,f. in thn exerciee of Ilia one
\Nlb part of the legacies wore given to thu nfleruam* 1
cd objects of gcnrrul welfare and firicntr. uses. That
and that to but on ® ■ seqticncclrof this doctrine. If the federal courts
number oi powers or <> can control ttie State courts by considering them,
ciple, su ijeot to' arn ‘ n< | nn d their officers, and their posse, as so many in-
f> " . ihv>duni.3 imnnnnodnil witli f11o Kt.itn OTiVOmtllCUt.
»*> Ifrrrmnnnt nx ebn OormT* i aooouw n aovoreifTHy rt n n«u»ot protect rhe 9ot-
!t;li .ii, t., I'.I BXf0iil.nl liy K rrca.iirnt, • J ml. " »nd | f-migTlS ? It oil the pf'oplo ul' o Btotc can bo liun?
;1 ;,„. r f,c CuTi-reini, reprfienlin- t|jo three ile- 1 up, ono hy one, con ho cut oft in detail, (iod help
iinrlments of "ivermnent. tlicae llnrleeii inonorrlie tl)0 oovcroirrntv of fUlch n Stato ! Murk the con-
li.id -iven lull one Tingle [row
sin . In individual, le.r the
iirr.Mita 1-niinut vary the prinei
n?ent hy the consent ol' llire
trailing parties, and suppose that one power to OH
the regulation of commercn. flow much Bsvi-reign*
tv would be delegated to this jnclTvidiial ? Surely
onlv a f fventereth part of what has been delegated
toth* IViUral Govornment (supposing seventeen to
be the number of powers granted;) Now, does not
everv one perceive that the tliirleen monarch* would
remain sovereign over the other sixteen power* not
granted ; and, if nn. are they not equally so over all
those “powers which are denominated ‘reserved
rights r fi'r the sixteon powers now become reserved
rights They, and the one power just mentioned,
ori'dnaltv came from that mass. Koch monarch has
delegated not alienated, his right to regulate com
merce to a a particular individual. Before they part
however, nml just ns they have delivered over their
SE ^ 0 it
W|m»t«Itlmtli ma|iur Im.y Href Uuw^er. '—
VUleagevtfte, dipril l, 1 n;{;j
,W° notic.o and duly enter to the credit of tlin
“Times” its sprightly cftiisioii oflnst ivcck.
power
> tin
-•ign
To I
of a
In
ing. nnd pi
up.in which th»
rried many a mm
• Pte; nnd .
I say absurd, nnd
i benighted nations, ' '
same ■•nftnstrous seen
door is at
not the right t<* .
nnd ie il to ho put ,1
it, nil the. '
1 d•HomeM, in f
*d land of liberty
■Inke ?
L come now. Mr. Hpnaker, to the third thing pro . «• x
posed, though f omitted lo mention it, in lb* begin j j 1 , » t j
ning of my remark*. 1 inrnn the uaturt o
Government ? Before 1 procee 1, 1 cn*t my , (
nround, with n hope l • draw upon me the Rtcdfad i ,'’• 1
lookR of every member present, am! the crowded
ditory thnt surround* the-JIall. I am about to m ike
an sssertioii which m 1
create some strong
1 do not nieun,
have more than
occasion, and as wo are about to part, never,cert
ly, for us nil to meet again, nothing would
more pain than to lot drop any tiling wlnoli should
he carried from tins seat of our common toil* r
cares, to the fnr distant limit* of the land, and tli
rankle in the bosom of any one friend with whom I
politician
', passim obedience, wn* j
i nhifi .-uprcinonj in the pf
iiisi* this matter as you
Htate of thi i Union has
will of this Congress,
.'ii hy tho sword for daring to
lonlrines 1 have read
lull force and virtue in tbnhoa.il
I tho first gun thnt fires
* — , i < .i rol i n n. to establish the doctrine of the prnclaino ..it-.,...... .
li may perhaps give nllence. ami d. 1 bellow the divine right of Kings from sea cd to he. sufficient to serve thin whole, kingdom in that
g sennation in thn honor*: !* body. ! ^ ^ ^ shore to shore . Nav. f»ir, it will ' peaceable a-i; so now Dint tlin excessive number of
nl..n t.o.inl ly, to ofton.l :ii,v ono. 1 | d ,, m „r r , ,i will rcn.l lliia fair faerie of ourn into n l.uvyarB n.uUtlnrnnys nnv l)n roduce.l Ion r.nmpe
iiKual share of good fueling on this t | |f( , Han .| fragment*. Tho IJtiion is gone at the I tent number/or this arc, nnd somo thin.;*? in their
,v« ,U.. nl.mit In pari, never,curium- fl oj n ' ” , )( ,, ,j„ ,4„„„1,t rr of a freeman ' plvailinys relorme.l. V.'liat a almme lo our nalion ia
,,.■,.1 uain, nnlkiDg wou d give m* ... R ,» 0 lulion lias n> limit*, and : it, ti, it »o many ,-ivU nml mpncioun lawyers should
o Istdrop any tiling which should I BB1 | ,« e..„,ime„. ho nerniitte.il U) pU-a.l in behalf .('known vicious
a 10th part of all things recovered hy law may
(us once among the Homans) assigned for puli lie ( ( f
m-«5 That there he paid out of all marriage portions [ jV ^
sir pence in the pound, and something proportion- n "
nbly paid ut the death nnd birth of every person not
living on,alms. Now tl»
may bo employed in these public rises fi»ilow
1’<»r huilding irork-housis in all convenient parts of
this kingdom, for’mnking rirtrs navigable, for built*
mg ana repairing bridges, high ten ijs, sea bunk
breakwaters,) harms, molts, land marks, aqafidurts, ;
lor setting up poor youths, for nturn/ing poor maids \
lor relief of nged impotent, decayed people, for u»ain j
tenanne of sick and maimed seamen, and pensmn* i
for old soldiers.
For the further increase ol Ifie price of trnnl it may j
Mr. I cnacled that noL only tlie dead should He clothed j
m wool, hut that all the living, from the first of No- j
voinber to tho first of May. nball be obliged to wear i
llleir clothes nnd hats made of wool.
Thai non.- but married imm, *>r who have once j
been married, tdiaH In*, after the age of ;k3 years, cn-
pnlde of any n lli no of profit or honor.
An act to encourage the making of all sortsofpa-
r, of rough hats, of course canvass, cf.point lace
silk*, of Kcisscors, of needles, to make vinegar, all
box numbs, gold and silver lace, some sorts rd’ silk,
some s ot ofgo|d*niith’s w ire, as spoon*, fork**, cYo.,
m J which arc made better in France tl.au in Kuglund, N
you from j for all which vast sums of money is returned uiLo
That, ns in the reign of Ed.yard thn2d,tlie num
ber of allorneyH was regulated, and I lO.Oli') declnr-
annot so contrive it ns to prohibit com
merce altogether. for the purpose of protecting their
manufactures? He replies lie can. Now, who is to
f this ? Mere is a case made at once, and be
fore tho parties separate. Four of the monarch*
jwoleul against such a power. Will .any one say the
nt himself ought to do it ? Then ho inevitably
i that;
hive been Aseoc it*d, m Uie plening usd btnevo- P ' '' 11
- - - * • • • • > rould now slop the ball ,j1
lent effort, t » heal tho unhappy division* of our j
common country. I find I have your profound at- u
tenlion, nml will therefore proceed to say, that this
Government i* not founded upon the DIVINE
EIGHT nr KINGS.
In order to make good thi* position, it become*
necessary for nte lo contrast a Government founded
upon the thrinc right oj lungs, Willi the principles
of our Constitution, only requesting you to hear in
mind, that the functions of our Government are per
formed, imt hy a wingle individual, who, in kingly
Governments, has *ult pawn , Imt by lliren well de
fined departments of limited powers Keeping this
distinction constantly in view, I again invite your
courtesy to ihe teachings of my venerable old friend
Lord Somers. W ell, what unys ho :
“(IIT.HY XV.
Whether in any ruse it be. lawful for subjects tn <rp
pose their I'rinre 7
SOLUTION.
It must be resolved in thn negative! And that in
any case, or upon any prcteiv * whatsoever, il m nl
terly unlawful for sul)|ec(s, jointly or singly, collec
tively or repr e* lent ItlVftJy, to
tilion against their sovereign ; or to re ■> ■/ him citlmr
in on of cast re or n defensive way. This assort ni
you will find ti' fi»a n truth, that is consonnnl to holy
writ, reverend antiquity, sound reason, nnd to the
municipal laws of the land; nil the Bophislrio* and
argumentations dial seditious and corrupted men .are
able to produce, to the contrary notwithstanding
i i'Airin vv itii holy s, upturn. (Hern the .uitlmr
gives several aiilhornies, which, on tins oc«*;iMon,
Hunt not ho mentioned, and then proaci .J*.) The
renson of thu sovority is, l«i preserve thu uninb
from being poisoned in tln ii alUgianr> b the malig
nity of Vila example , That ni^hc Jic gde, under
what nation or qualifier.'.: »n soever, muy liar and
fear, and do no more prenumpluously. I or who,
says David, can lay Ins band upon (who can touch,
who can stretch forth his band against) tiie I. ..i s
nunoinlud, and be guiltle si Now the Migiulieation
of the scripture phrase, [touch or stretch forth the
linnd.Jisot a hug: cjhnt. The mil of tins hor
rid crime may be incurred either by lifting up our
heels in scorn against our king ; by lukin- op .inns
in our own detente, by u l lu inging to liglil hmcIi
traitorous conspiracios as we know to in* Ibnuin,
against him, hy not eudeuvorin > to ihdend him when
We sro him in danger, Ibr ejiu non retul jucrarc, cum-
pob.sil, jubet; by idnking ut Ins crown, usurping up
on his prerogative, or depriving Jinn of h s Kl.\ l
NIIK, hy sjn uking or ovum thinking evil of him.
(Bo it rocollocled that the I'rosjdent told a mcmb r
of tin* House, that for South l-.ir lio.i t . .,«• i o,
liar dor,trin«H \\\* treason ,U> think of it was rehilln : s,
and why? Lord Somers am.a ns ) Bec.nus.\ a i.m
tongue can strike without a band, so tho heart can
curse without a tongue.
,'l mb rose, uj 1
f diecniirsea to this c*ff#i
to seek hy force lo opp
ul lament, (yes, Mr. Spe,
man pleadings Toformcd. \\ bat n shame to our
’ ii, tb ii so many ciVjJ nnd r ipncious 1
perniilU'dl to plead in behalf of k
persons, and of innnifi st oppressor.!, nnd in causes
notoriously unjust—.should be permitted lo make a
trade, not to minister justice, but lo heap up riche*
and devour a'lllie fat of tho land
'flint h»r redressing those high crimes, (so nccottn
led hy nil God’s people heretofore, Ibro.'b now in
England little conscience is made thereof,) of wilful
ly trying lo rob God or thu King, tho one in hi*
men and \ tyllies, snd tlio other in his trihules, custom
Uovolution has no limits, and
lias no heart, and when nnco cotnmen-
|ji*a till control. Well did Lilnyelle eny,
lie . aw the ttucen of Franco torn from her
f Pan3, “would to God I
ohilion.” Turning
the aconc m tears, vV retiring to li:« home in an-
1 1 ab.ii.stod to ivc it motion ; buffi nr-
nut of my power. And, Hir, the bjoody
i lyrnnls of Nani/, the famous Lujuimo lvcrhlue, u h
j had murdered Jus hundreds of mei , ....
children, in that dreadful conflict, y cars after those j cmipu,-4>y constant grumblings nnd mutinous com-
igitatio r® ovet in the tnrlurft of d «q»Httnorfte, 1 pi tU ■, it m ty bo tnade a higti *(Ten< e for the future
| o\ laimod we were a “ nation of madmen.” I nml very severe puniHlinnni inllicled nt the disore-
views of the for- \ n «'r'inting, Air. tfpe^li
i ad anti ;
stance
prm
•i zed
I
11. As to
tlie point ol non
“ 1 Jiave not so learned n
HUtlmrity i I can m >urn n
er, that li.it* been nil lii.it w is h it to
for the last ten yarr*, nml n »w «
‘ mourn and lament that we do u >l<
to kiicIi a good, quiet, « ,i , r*-. i.-.ly )
resistance, (says our uu:a.u ,' i iieilli
to malti *
pose. “It is «
*M** he, '• that
when wo are u
vongo upon our lorin inloi . i
of our party wen- ot her wise .
in such design. And b» . .
nre imt,” snya he, ‘ d< spoil* .1
ur« only M*.,ij*>t. red Jin our h
ill safe iiati.b . (i d pKliicin
return lliemwilli ample m u
from fighting, Ik will*, i;
qufblK'ii not I ■
un’t, for your ir-ftimis will . iv.•
martyrs you will ris.* ui \
luring** bring about T . . ,
our debtor; lie owi .< heaven l
owes lu ll lor our uik-iiik r
souls in prayer, lli a V ho may be
tin* Iasi
Now, Mr tSpuftkcr, d.d y n
king nn a
tormentors of Hu* spindfe li
lieard that the L.ir.if .-ys;.*m \i
luiieJit. for what was esteemed
gain sumcuht;■, else, Ural it v. \
with great iucriMS4 . A ul tin
tells us, hi a kind, p .t.-i.. ,| i
from fighting and i'.k-u- . . :i •
better of our euemi. ,
worst ou t At all ci
hlloolmg Will he of lui
God's mercies and .. .
therefore reconnm ;i is
“111 Ah to sound i
jects against their rule
nature oi *ioverumeul.
dissolve* the \ y nine
into as many 1.,
(Mtssihln to con
power in the >
ruiiiaiu ONE
tlul all (iovern
coinice power oi
n city would nn
chy, and that which ou .*
coins* so many indepen -
can consist with hucIi i
berliue* know w here -
to full foul upon nil such .
Iionewly and ullegiunce tbai
law of <»«*d nr m in wus ev
of my murdering n loyal i .
U rebel * Be*, .i, that
wounds the very operators
fie allowed to do that to i
to their ri blf'iil prit.e
No doubt this is (•«.• -, ,.. r
hy th'^e funif.il mi' j.
I will now procoed to give you rnv
mutton of our Government. 1 lay down this positi
that thero is a difference between a social or Aon
g-n.ious, and a Federal • (JoverniifMil. The first re
lates to individuals, thu last to commtinitiea. 'J’he
Ktnto Govurnments nre ox am plus of llio first, the
(ienoral (fivernment ol'ilin last, 'flic first depends
upon a well known moral principle, which we learn
ed at the bell ' Ih, that of the gnat t good to the
greatest number, and, canHpqueritly, must, be under
tho direction of a majority. Not so of the Ollier, il
is founded incompact or agreement, uv.d, oi course
tho articles ot stipulation stniid in tho place and
sway of tlin majority. In the social government we
appeal to the will oj* tlie majority for the rule ot'ac
tion in the Federal, lo the articles of agreement.
If this were not no, wherefore the neoe.* itV
of any distinction* of Elates at nil ? \\ hy imt
have abolished ilium at once, an I let the whole mass
ol thn im opledia ve constituted <>ne great govornmont?
Why leave lo the Hiatus any government at all?
This wMS iml tho d' -ij.o of tin* c ui.dilution. No
one beli ‘v ; that Delaware, ns : ivcrfigu and inde
pendent an Now \ ork, consented to give up her so-
rt^voriiriicnl nml blend Iicrue 1 f with the • l
population of lb.it Elute, wlm *l'*“*;-* ! '
iaii-bt in.i.i iiiB in ahr ntaptier il ju •
ed. Tne tiling is two unreasonable.
The Stains had two great interest, which I will
distinguish by the terms municipal and relative. The
first lins reference lo llmir internal concents, the lat
ter lo their n-i ilion with each oilier an distinct now
reignIum. and with foreign government**. The one
iutereHl was as dear to them ns the other; indeed,
tlin Rifely of that which related to tho protection of
life, liberty, rcpiilalioii, and properly, was, if any
tiling, tlin mod desnnblu. This they retained to
themt-clv****; the oilier, (lie relative interest, lliov
conferred upon the General Government—hnv
evidently, at one lime, pusaeaseil the exclusive i
lo mana ;i* belli. Now, if Ibis disliuclion call bo
kept steadily and ejo.-ndy in the mind s eye, it must
bo admiltml fiat when either of these govnrnuieiila
invades tho ri htsoi thu other, thn invaded govern
ment will lit vo the right to repel tlm aggression,
and the right of resistance must lie reciprocally the
sum*. .More ol this hereafter Now, Sir, permit
me to show how clearly these relatin' can he M par-
alnd from (lie municipal powers nnd that nothing
is so entirely perb*cl, winch belongs lo bumnu wis-
lbo discrimination made by the framers of
"f »ll O'® monarchs j for, l.y
io same rule thnt ho judges in ono case, he can in
. t n million, ns to tho extent of his powers. And is it
I right or just that He, who hut a moment before wus a
’’ j perfect blank, *A, was chosen , not for his own benefit
'f but for the benefit ofeneb the whole of the parties,
should instantly become a conduit to pass the rights of
one portion of the monarchs into tlie possession of
the others, A. the injured parly have no other redress
than what depends upon his welf-serving judgment
What then is to ha dono ? It will not surely be said
that, inasmuch ns the other nine monnrclis consti
tute a majority, that, therefore, they have a right to
determine tho matter : Tho compact is founded
no such principle ; indeed, it is declared that nny
amendment of the instrument must receive the c»>u-
sent of throe-fourths. Well, then, can nny one ho
s > blinded u. not topercriy that an honest, faith
ful, and fair execution of tho compact would result
iq^this argument, viz: Tho lour monarchs would
\y, Mr. Agant. you have no right to grunt what
hesn others have asked yon ; now, before wo sopa-
ato. we insist that you submit that instrument
Kick to the whole of ns, nnd if three-fourths will
determine that you Imve the power, (for that num
ber can give it to you under our agreement, and it
can make no possible difference whether it is formal
ly confi n'd or declared to exist.) we will submit. If
you will not, \ »u shall not exorcise thnt power withili
nur respective kingdoms; A if these other nine iiion-
arr*hs nllompt l*> aid you in Ibis iipurpotion, wo*now
tell them we will resume'.that portion of tho trust
winch have just delegated, t!v dissolve the agreement.
So let ns understand eae.h oilier before we part, be
cause if yotr design to persevere, wo will break Up
at once, and form no connexion. Tlie nine rnon-
nrehs and this bribed and corrupt agent declare they
v ill go on. Is there n man here, or in any hole or
corner of this wide world, who w ill have tho hardi
hood to contend lint tho four monarch** must r;ub
mil to tills fraud; engendered before tho ink wap y«t
dry upon the instrument that confirmed signatures ?
And if they ought not, then how is thn thing varied
by the intervention of lime : Jf it would be fraud then
wrlj it now be fraud now 7 Are we to lose rights be
cause of the complication of machinery necessary
to protect them? Are we to submit to wrongs be
cause of the doubts which the operation of compound
agencies sometimes creulvs ? Strip this whole mat
ter of all extrinsic circumstances used foe tho pur
pose of executing tho powers of government, anal-
izo it till it is brought down lo thu simple (dement* 1
have presented, and in tlu> namo of every that is
just nml holy, can any man so lorluro and pervert
tit*- meaning of things us lo arrive at a differout re
sult ?
To vary tho illustrntinn, lot mo present another
vmw. It was eiid by nn able speaker in another
part of this building, that tho people can form ns
many governments as they please, nnd that the
people of the whole United States hnvo formed
tho General Government as well ns their Htale
Governments. Now let this be granted. .But will
ho contend that those governments arc not ns whol
ly independent,as governments, of each other, as
if they were foreign to each other? Is not the
State Government,of Massachusetts independent
of the State Government of Georgia, nnd nrc they
not both independent of tho General Government
po far ns respects their reserved rights? Can Geor
gia legislate norm nnv iff Mnnsnehnsetti *
!"F» l,
» of the South
ir a-lvcusnrios
But for other
! lit
.mil*
i tlu* lbiuslimitun. Ti
j taim-d in about Huvonleei
i il faithfully execute.I, «
Statu more I ban anulii jr.
the intention n| die I 'mb
can believe that it wtu u
which some Stall .- were
«. For such a
* pn*sddu mot
fry of tlm t
apply tin* li
than olhui
could ho n
in the Iks
\ >w |( i Ul
utnlo
)d the
, a fit
quarrel;
ive tho v,
selves, and ho
v o hrealho our
atod not to pay
“ abstnm
all grt 111h
irough.
any ono Statu bo
oiciho of lliiH power Lli.m
'i'ako the next, .and ap|
monoy on the credit
next. “To regulaUi
and among the several Sui
cial reguluti »n
vioualv bolong
* relative powers nro c*n-
i specific grants, and which
annul possibly benefit one
Thi* llio Due lu.st of
i d (biv ui nnient, lor no one
Mgued to bo a bargain in
t i receive more advantage*
n iiiKtiinco ol* stupidity there
ve, and nothing contained
mnts wai rants such belief,
^t The first power in to
V vys, but they were, “to be
l tilled Stales. I low i m
■•filled hy ur
/ the lest-
>t o \ •
at tho force hill j
“ Thntmomhers of P.iiliamont nhould he
led to wear a robe or vestment, that so they may bo
every where discerned, nnd receive their dut:
respect nnd he. ashamed to he seen frequently in
play Ionises, dice-houses, cockpits, taverns, or
houses of worse reptile ; or to ho night-walkers
(Ye. And during their Mondnnco on Parliament, il
they he'found in such phmos and ways, out of their
robe ot vestment, then to loose their wonted privi
lea », According t > thnt say in r . “‘(7nd giveflt his an
gels charge over us to keep us, whilst wo are in our
ways, buloutof our ways, no protection of tui«••)?*
to he expected.”
'l’lie inecpiality of taxes up ut several counties
hatched and contrived by de iguing men, with much
partiality, in the late time of rebclJiun, i« so great
that to regulate the .same, would bo a work well wnr
thy of a speedy act ol' lbirliainent. (Mind that,Mr.
Speaker.)
And lastly, nn net of Parliament for n solemn nn-
niveraary day of thanksgiving during the reign of
our sovereign lord the King now reigning, not only
Ibr the many signal A wonderful presor vat ions of bin
• .• -’ »; ' o hnlfi hv sen nnd l-.nd. . .. » *1 on* "ii"'
and title lo tins kingdom, inaugro the hlo wicked
eonirTvances, conspiracies, and a>-.*ocialions of nil
his mortal enemies, hut also for Im most peaceable
n ee.*.- ion to this crown, with the universal good will
md rejoicing of this whole nation and of all Ii is
other dominions.''
Here, Eir, is one of the most regular built, scrap
ed out, polished off, and well finished general we
/ m system?, ever devised hy tlie ingenuity of man,
Imili as to the modo of taxation and the manner of
disbursement. Now, Eir. if a member were to rise
in his place, and under lint provision in our Consti
tution upon which the American system is said to
iinded, were to ask leave to introduce a bill lo
adopt my Lord Somers’ plan, would it not create a
unive rsal smile ; and how many votes do you sup.
pm"* it would receive: And yet. Mr. Speaker,
when well exaniiru'd, absurd a*; i« (bi* verv system,
il is not worse Ilian that contended for to justify tlie
v i t expenditures of this Government. Whcnonea
you assume tho right to mike appropriation.** for unv
one object of the genera! welfare, not specially provi
ded fi*r in the Constitution, you areal non without
truddur or cjrnpaKs, and the million of objects which
the* dine re lion ot Congress tin <* lit imagine conducive
o the general welfare, are na much withili it* juris
diction as any ono pinglo object. Where do you
t your powers for purchasing picture.*, painting*
drawings, statutes, bust*, hooks tor yourselves, fni
line gardens, aqueducts, wntor-fountnins
and canals for the District of Columbia
McAdanii/ing the streets of Washington, «und a
thousand other tilings not now necessary to he men
tioned ? It is from the g.-nerul welfare principle in
the Constitution, and called hv the name of “ pub
lic spirit," hy my Lord Somers. These work*: of
piety and charity," of w-hie.n he speaks, nod wants
nothing here hut a “ force bill," which it is now
, to (spread it over as many objects as
een afiniH’il with from our vener ;
thu
United State,
co w it 1» foreigi
, and with th
that in all our
i borrow
The
hocu ai
parted
oiupiumt
lurest ol tlie
quality cum
next power,
Indian
uiunie
thfully intended as such, and u
o that subject, there never has
lien Congress de-
t':e true ohj< c» of tins i Ians >, to take
ug that belonged to thu municipal in
►itates, local ami partial, that thn infl
uences and tbo lout fails. Take the
and our rulo immediately applies--
h an uniform rub* of naturalization.”
“ I'» coin money, regulate the value
fix the standard of weights and meas
* not every on* perceive, that it is not
b'.mgruss to devise a law on any ofthose
siiall give a great, i advantage lo one
another. This is equally true us to all
vers in the Constitution, and i invite
» a careful examination of tlio fact. It
we leave the letter of tho power and
1 ally lodged away I
vmi have just 1
bio author.
To return to
rnent. It seen
turns upon the
i General Govern
present die;
lid Sl.tte Cn
: to file!
erveu n
: lb.
the
ilii ;
Ire
T\V<
r part:.
ied into nn i
What obedi
Nor will su.
• is usual for i
'd deeper aeiu
G* s And
"i, that appr
opi lli
elf
vernmeUlH, Unit any pos*
ty can occur. For instance, in order
• gerly■sought right to protect mauulac-
i not a solitary syllable, word, sentence
graph, or article of ti«al iuslruiueut,
‘ groping for it in the darkest parts that
" a pretext for the search, its friends
Jf 'u the provision relating to tho “com-
) ft Uil g. neral welfare, us best justify-
v » speaker, 1 do nut intend to ar-
,'er, so often discused, and 1 beg genjUe-
0 «‘“ruled at the meutiuii of liio “gen-
priiu but they must excuse me,
jmiting tins tiling lorever at rest, so
no more be heard of among politicians,
I 11 • ' * the history of this same general welfare
• *cti me, from our old trietul l.ord tSoiuerw, lo ascer*
l-iin il it m l>o pi-.-*»iblo our Consututiou meant
vvli.M he so profoundly Uescriboe. lit* commences.
ENGLAND'S WANTS; Or, sercral proposals
jih >!y keniju ial Jur England, humbly ajfcrntl to /
<* formation of E
that murh of tb
a til re of sovrrftM
tiling is admitted, tbap in tb
nlv belongs to the people ; both the
rnments deduce their title tn
•'•sc, not what thev possess, lor
from this source ; 'and the only
to the extent oT what has been
own thi* position, that sovereign-
• d or delegated—the first parts
-in* last temporarily. and nl tlio
!'°l the grantor. 'J’jju first cm nev^r he resum
-tlm bitter can, at anv and nil times — European
vermin nL* nre f und, d u-poii the first; there is
snob thing in this country as alienated - *\ rcignlv
t is all deleg iteii. The mounrehs oi J.urope pos*
s )Ver«*i 'nty ; and whatever is pkrted
in a concession to tho people, eitlier
good I
in the case of viagna char
nun the Brirv’e of Orango
ty i; with thr people, and
whatever eoiicessions arc nmdu, nre to the Govern
ment, hv delegation, fi»r their benefit. Thn revolu
tionary war left thirie* n sovereign nnd indepemlcnl
States, and il overy thing which lias been done
since that time, in relation to the orgoni/ation of the
Federal Government, could he completely oblitera
ted, nnd the thirteen States stand precisely a* they
did then, every orm will perceive the truth—of the
assertion. Now suffer ms draw upon y our imnginn-
try the
j ty is eithe
i vi ill* it all
soss tlm w hole
with, hy them,
gratuitously pi ado by
wrung from a had one, :
/<: and tin* bill of rights
Here the wind* severe!
•I if, by v
1 'Jilt ll
h.i<l b
. 11...
r it; fn
n. which tli.'
bod y
Eu
uli goad patriot» in both
pn.,.. rly,
*r » -r *J n** n
tmns, li.r :i moment,so ns to supir
! lion l.y (irr-tl Hrilnin ol* iodep.Mid.-n
sijjii.-d yesterday. Whitl limit would I
I ter id tin. citale (loverninenls 9 I will lie told lhe\
woo'd be iiiul. r the srtiolee ul conrederalion. Tlien
I these miuiil ilieirientire sovereignty. I have before
stated that the sovereignty resides in the people of
each Stale; but as all the people of each Stale
could wot meet, at a given place, to determine whe
ther these articles of confederation should conlin*
I ue under their now relation ol iiulepeiuler.ee, or how
j lar a cliange was rendered inexpedient hy a great
ohaiioe ui etindilioii (lor as the confederation was
; principally designed for a state of war, it could not
possibly alls\. or that of pence,^ it became necessary,
onmj of therefore, to meet l.y representatives. When liny
did meet, there ..ere thirteen sovereigns present,
lerprise, os much so, ns it the Stales bad been h it with mon-
11 many ar edis at their iiea.l,1tiid these itmnaroJis hail in. I li.r
ecessary , the purpose of appointing n irenernl a rent lo pel lorin
|.|'rtiiin U'-li in whieli ilie whole had a comitlhii m
ir-K-d (‘ « »upp I. suaJ of vvcMlcni power-
she cnnnnl, will it he pretended that Conrrresj can ?
1 suppose not ; but then noain the question recurs,
who in to decide the question of interference ? I
think, Mr Speaker, I can give tho answer that must
settle tho qnostion. Recollect thnt wo hnvo just
determined that neither Gcqrgia nor tho General
Government can legislate upon tho reserved rights
of Massachusetts. Now, suppose Georgia should
pass a law declaring that Massachusetts, nny, all
tlie States, hy way of making tho Inw general,
should pay a tax to her upon their exports?
Would Massachusetts leave tho decision of the
right to iinpoBO Ibis lax to tho courts of Georgia ?
Who bolieves it ? Would she leave it to tho fed
eral court? Certainly not. Then to whom would
she lnavo it ? Why, to no earthly power hut her
self. She would declare tlio law null and void, ns
in tho easo of the boundary of Maine, not “ ob
ligatory upon her people.” She would “ iuUrnose
her milliorilij lo prevent its operation nothin her lim-
i/.v.” If she has tlie right to interpose, she has tho
choice of means. And whether hy arms or logis-
tion she clVccts this interposition, it is for hcrsolf
and no ono else to judge and determine. To this
reasoning there can he no objection. Now, sup
pose thnt Congress passes precisely such a law as
that of Georgia’s imposing tho same lax ? In what
will the cases (lifter ? Think you Massachusetts
would leave the question to Supreme Court ? To
what oilier sonclusion could she come but tho one
in the Georgia case, if she is independent of both
Governments in reference to her reserved rights ?
if she would nullify as to Georgia, what is to bin
dor her from nullifying as to the General Govern
merit ? They stand upon the same footing. Hut
there K another view that I think still more conclu
sivo of the right of a Stato to protect her reserved
, rights. Suppose, nt the formation of the Federal
' li'ndbviieru'i't i Kovornruent, Ihe States, or rather the people of
' ' ‘ | each State, had possessed, severally, only lifcntp
' powers ; they meet in convention, ns States, and
j confer Ini.{if theso powers on the General Gov
eminent, & keep the other ten to themselves,res
f peotive.y. Now, mark, they were Supreme over
all the twanty powers Before they granted ten n-
j way, consequently they continue supreme over
: thosp not granted. Both Governments go into op
! oration [•rfoetly supreme ever their respective ten
powers. Suppose the Slates pass a Inw violalii
| one of liio ten granted powers, what do you sup
pose the General Government would do? The
j answer is ready : she would not regard it; she
would not slider it lo operate within her limits : in
, fine ; she would nultijjf il. Will any one point out to
or forcibly ) me any good reason why the States may nut be
permitted to do tlie same tiling, if Congress pass
os a Inw violating one of their ton reserved rigid
If they are independent Governments, perfectly
supreme ever their respective ten powers, what
one can do to protect itself, the other certainly can
It is n had rule that dou’t work both ways. Ifthe
Federal Government can defend its granted pow
era, surely the States may do tlio same thing ns to
their reserved rights and whatever plan the one
may adopt lo eftect tlie object, precisely that may
ho employed hy thn other. The provision thnt
_mo- | tho “constitution and the laws of the United S.
I which shall he made in pursuance thereof, shall he
| the supremo law of the land,” is not stronger or
more extensive than tho one which asserts that
— the powers not delegated to tlm United States,
nro reserved to tlio States respectively, or to the
people.”
1 know tiie sovereignty of the Slates is now
laughed at,nml the proclamation has done more to
bring their rights into contempt, than all the other
attacks united since the triumph of republicanism
in -lb*. It is now unred hv ilmr IIKtl'Iliiinllt hi- it..
dividual*, unconnected with the Slate government
nnd control them accordingly by the use of dun
geons, halters, and gibbets, limy can treat the Le
gislatures nml Governors cf States in the same
way. If the Judiciary Department of the United
States can exercise such a power, then the co-or
dinate branches of the same government can (lo
the same thing. Congress and tlie i’rcsident may
act upon nil the departments of the Slate govern
ments in tlie same way, not as a government, hut
merely as individuals, and when Governors are
brought to tho scaffold, for executing tho laws of
their States, it will ho poor consolation to ho told
they are not hung in their official, hut in their pri-
privnte capacities. If tho States submit to this
doctrine, they Will richly deserve tlio fate which
the hill we are now discussing is preparing for
their people.
Mr .Speaker, I am admonished by tho great length
of time I have occupied no longer lo abuse n pa
tience, which has boon unusually indulgent. I
must therefore, though;! have much more to say,
bring my remarks to a close. 1 ask now the ut
tontion nf the House but for a very few moments.
Acting upon the doctrines 1 have advanced, South
Carolina has annulled what she conceives an un
constitutional law of this Government, and has pre
pared horsolfto prevent its'operation within her
limits, declaring she means to use no force, and
tlint if force is used against her, she will leave tlio
Union. The President has said she shall do nei
ther, nnd calls upon Congress to give- him the ar
my, navy, and militia, to coerce her into obedience.
Now, Mr. Speaker, let us ask ourselves seriously
if this can be right ? Docs prudence, generosity,
or justice, demand such a harsh proceeding u-
gainst a sistor Htatc, even though she were wrong,
if any milder course could he devised ? Repeal
the tariff, uliich, before Ileaven, is a solemn duty,
because an act of justice, and tho whole difficulty
is at an end. But, Sir, suppose the hill passed,
and Genera! Jackson obtains all he wants—sup
pose he could, with liia own nrtn, unaided hy nny
other force, execute its object, nnd suppose a crisis
arrives tint makes it necessary for him to proceed
tn Uouth Carolina! Go with me, Mr. Speakor, to
tho scene of action, nnd let me present you the
picture which is furnished by tlio materials of this
nstonisliing case. General Jackson girds on his
dagger, nnd with cool nnd deliberate step marches
tn the peaceful plains of Carolina. He seizes the
first man lie meets, nnd exerting tlio whole strength
of a great Government, ho throttles him, and, with
tho strangling grip of Hercules chokes him to the
earth. In that fall, to which overpowered energy
must submit, lie plants Ins knee upon tho bosom
of his struggling victim, and thus prostrate, Im is
about to plunge his kqife to his heart. Hut, Mir
before the fatal blow is struck, ho relaxes his grasp
to receive the dying words, not of a convict, but of
a freeborn citizen of a sovereign State. What
does he say ? Sir, he asks, why cm I thus treat
cd ? Wlmt have I done ? 1 have obeyed nvj Slate
and forfeited my life In you. If I had obeyed yon,
it would have been forfeited to my State. Is this
the boasted land of American liberty ? Reiter, by
far, I had 1 lived in Roland, or be'on a sorf in Ilus-
ISut whnt, 1 repeat, have I done to you?
I l ive 1 nut fought by voiir side, for my country, at
Mobile and Mt. Marks, and contributed to your
fame? Hava I not willingly paid every tribute
sho exacted, nay, more than my share, when she
asked itfor her own purposes ? Have you not said
there is enough, more than then enough ? Have
yon not said thnt 1 am wronged, nnd ought to bn
redressed ? Why is if, then, you nro about to make
nlnticn of my home, &. fill its mnrdercd peace
with the tears of orphans, and tho cries of their
widowed mother? Wlmt other reply could bo made
by this executioner of your Inw, than that this is
wholly true ? 'True, that the Government wants
not your money : true, that I have said your bur
dens ought to he lightened ; true, 1 have said there
is more than the wants oftlie Government require ;
but there stands nt rny back, unconnected with the
Government, a confederacy of individuals, ono of
whom cries out to mo. kill him, kill him, unloss he
will contribute, from the sweat of his brow some
thing to mv woollens ! Kill him, kill him, says
another, unless ha gives something to iny cot
tons I Kill him, kill him, says a third, unless ho
yields a tribute to my iron I Sir, in this critical
moment, 1 loavo him, and I loavo you & this IIouso
to pornlor on th* sceno.
. »*»»"■ 'iM.n.wiM-p. .“.mm
A new Post Office lias been established in T 0 t
bot county, midwnv hetwcon Williamson’s lerrv
ami Centreville. 'Sylvester S. Rodney, RostinJ.
ter.
Col. K. 12. Park, Doctor T. Fort, nnd Green II
Jordan, i-lsq. were nn Monday last elected delo-’
gates, from Baldwin County, to tlie .State Conven-
tie n.
Dixon If. Lewis, Esq. one of the Alabama deb
cgntion in Congress was invited to n public dinner
111 Macon, but his groat anxiety to reach home in.
duccd him to decline tho civility.
FOREIGN.
Mr. O’Connell, it is said, hut we do not believe
it,lia9 linen offered hy tho present Ministers an of
fice under the crown.
HIGHLY JMPORTA MT TO THE.
WEST INDIES.
Wo copy tho following article from tho London
Globe, of January 29.
ft he Wcst India interest were thrown in consid
erable alarm yesterday by a report Hint it was the
intention of Ministers to introduce a oil! into tiie
new Parliament for the immediate emancipation of
of the slaves in the West Indies. It was stated
thnt tlie purport of the bill was to limit tlio existence
of slavery in tlio colonies to tlireo years, and that
it was not tlie intention of tho Government to of
fer sny compensation to tlio planters or proprie
tors.
Inconsequence of these rumours, a deputation
of gentlemen connected with tho West Indies
waltodupon Lord Grey, and had an audience of
the noble Earl at tlio Treasury yesterday ailcrneon
They icquosted to ho informed whether it rras
true that it was tlio intention of tlie government to
emancipate tlie ainve population? Tiie answer, we
understand, was in liio affirmative ; and that a hill
for lhatpurpnse would, on an early day, he sub
mitted tp tiie consideration of tlie new Parliament.
It w-ns tisn intimated thnt tlireo yenrs would he
the peritd fixed for the extinction of slavery—thnt
tlie eunpeipatien of tlio negroes would be un-
conditiotal, nnd that no compensation except un
der special circumstances, would he allowed.
Mir Altxandor Grant, ‘who headed tlie deputa
tion inquired of tho noble Premier whether it was
the intention of Ministers tn announce this impor
tant meaiuro in Ihe speech from tlio throne nt tiie
opening if the session. Lord Grey replied that
the meastre had been formally decided upon, hut
tie could jot without departing from tlie rules of
courtesy, give any intimation of tlio centiments
which Lis Majesty would communicate in iris ad
dress lohotli houses of Parliament,
Upon It being represented to the noble Earl tiie
probable Consequence which might ensue in the
colonics m case those monsurcs were prematurely
unnainccd, his Lordship intimated that the gov
ernment were prepared to meet the exigencies, and i cgfigi
Col. White, of Florida, Passed through this
plneu Inst Thursday, on his way to Tallalinssoc.,,
Wo regret to find that tlio prospectus of tho
Uiehory .\'nl, has not yet been published in tho
Journal. We know not exactly how it slipped
through our fingers, but such seems to have boon
tlie fact. \Yo publish it now as our best upoWv
to the accomplished scholar and personal Irieinf
"’ho we understand is to have tiie oditnrinl char™
of the forthcoming paper. If wo have failed in
this usual professional courtesy, to nny other of
tho new publications of into so numerous, and ilia
possihlo we hnvo, ivc ossurc those concerned that
tlie omission has not been intended.
ENGLAND.—-Tlio British Parliament have
hi'ely assembled, ns wo have seen for tlio fust
time, umlor tho operation or tlm reform hill. As
might have been expected, there is a towering
majority of the friends of reform, ortho mavcmeiO
party ns it is called, in tlio Ilotiso of Commons-
hut tlie advocates of tho oid order of things or
conservatives, as tiioy call themselves, predominate
perhaps equally in tlie other House. The session
w ill ho a stormy one, no doubt. Whether it will
lie felicitous or disastrous in its consequences
must depend wo conceive, entirely on tlie degree
in which tlio Conservatives slinll attempt to resist
that progress nf reform, which is now in full march
sustained nnd moved forward hy the voice of ugc!
Spectators at a distance having a larger conn fficii
cun often see tiie play bettor than thoso oiigagod
in it. If the Conservative Lords will yield with a
good grace tn the spirit of tho times, they will
avail themselves of that reverence for pcdiirrco
and rank in which the people there have becn°cd-
ucateii, tz prcsnrvo much of their present institu
tions as oennomf; but if they pertinaciously oppose
and fret and rouse the-angry passions of the people,
in tiier present excitable state ; tlicro is no foretel
ling what tho accumulated current in its over-rush
will leave standing. ’The church reform ; the
corn laws -, the ballot vote; tlio taxos on knowl
edge, the abolition of slavery in tho Colonies ; and
finally tliat Leviathan, tho National Debt all rnisfl
themselves in the prospect. The Lords stand in a
most critical position. Ono false stop may tilt
them into a vortex tiiut may whelm thorn in im>-
tricvablo ruin. All however, looks calm ns yet.—
The House have wo see elected hy a veto of 241 to
31, Manners Sutton a Tory ol nt least an nnti-rc-
firmer nr Speaker ,nml so hnvo distinctly and con-
picuously held nut the olive branch in the outset
Will tiie Lord3 have tlio wisdom to reciprocate?
IVo subjoin thn following nrticlo from tho N.
Y. Standard respecting tlio elections:
11 Has titk RrroRsi Bir,i, workej> wr.r.r, j?”—
That as an inquiry of every general interest, even
in this country ; in England it is on every lip, and
discussed in every journal. All our new magazine*
bring chapters upon it, nnd nil, concur in tho decis
ion tliat tlie measure is yet imperfect, nnd that rep
resentation is not yet free, but tliat upon tho whale
tho roformod system ha3 workod well. Tho cou-
clusiva proof is, tho enormous majority of the pop
ular candidates returned over those who adhere to
“''"sorvative inmrosm—511 of the fornior, to 114
of the latlor. If then the oW ct o.f t p 0 bill wn*to
give tho people tho chnico of their representatives,
it is certainly to n great degree attained. But tho
eviiii of tlio old system nro tar from being entirely
eradicated. There ara very many districts whore
the influence of the aristocracy, whig ns well ns
lory, is still parnmont, and where nn individual can
control tho oioetion. Boroughs are still openly
sold, and electors are still bribed. Capt. Marryatt,
tho member for Sandwich, nnd present oditor of tho
Metropolitan Magazine, declares tliat he wasof-
fered tlie choice of tlireo boroughs, two of them
at so many thousand pounds each, and tho other
at €1500 per annum ns lung ns lie clmse to hold
it. And these were not Tory boroughs, but be
longed to orthodox Whigs, and tiie incumbent was
to support whig principles. Tlie expenses of cioo-
tiuns nro still enormous, even when the parties arc
strong enough to engage in their requisition, or
invitation to a candidate, to cloct hint without cost
to himself. That moans of course that no bribery
is necessnry ; but even then tho actual expense is
considerable, for poll clerks, returning officers, o-
rection^^-booths and barriers, peace officers, tav-
orn bills;&c. all which nrc to he paid by the suc
cessful candidate or his friends, and not as with tn
in most of the items enumerated, by tlie town or
district. A bill has been published, in which the
expense alone at the hustings, or polls, in ono of
the metropolitan districts, is set down nt about
.11700, and-to this must he added tho banners, tlie
ribbons, the bnnds of music, tlio unlimited open-
liouao feasting nnd treating, itc. &c. It is assert
ed confidently, tliat many of these elections havo
cost the mnniliora more than tlie price ofa borough
under tiie old system. Puitin many places tho buy
ing of votes, bribery was carried "ton ruinous ex
tent. At Liverpool nnd Norwich it had never been
oxcoedeil ; twenty-five guineas wero offered nnd
eccepted for n canary bird and cage—for it is iu
his wny the bribe is safely administered, tlio can
didate soliciting in person generally the support of
the elector. Twenty-five guineas "were given fora
hnuricb of rnuiton. & fifty guineas fern tallow can
dle I It may bo amusing to mention, that in the
first cn*c tiie money was paid before the vote wn*
requested, and it then appeared tliat it had rvlready
been promised to tlie opposite party. The election
of Mr. Walter for Berkshire it is said cost f.'A
000. He was formerly proprietor of 77ie 7Vm(<-
newspaper, and possesses great wealth, ft’he d’
ots and tumults which heretofore disgraced popu
lar elections, have been almost totally discontinu
ed, owing in some degree to Liio pride nf the peo
ple in their recovered rights, hut cliiolly it may he
supposed to tlio circumstances oflhe polling being
tW«n imposing force, consisting 'ofTaJOO mon,' fT" T" 3 ’ ,liffiiren , t r>lncci ’’ " nd thC -,!’
•void forthwith be sent to the West Indies. 1 lnct,on ter,n ' ! *'"“"ff 80 mi,cl '
sooner than formerly.
„ ft’lio character of the momhers returned does not
Xlus n> said to be Ik; purport of tlie converse-1 appear on the whole to be much different from thnt
i • j . | * 1 * d f »JM hi mu nutyii; (U U*» IlilU
‘ "Vj u ,fi M 1 altor uhirJi the deputation j of former parliaments, nor is there u greater 8
withdrew, and communicated tlio result to their; mount of ability among them.
tli
,. , urged by that instrument, by its
b dural frionds and the hill on your table, tliat tlm
Hiatus msv Ilie sovereign hut their people shall bo
stale--, imt tli v will liuld''iInor'c ”r V/'niTw' C ''T <1, ' r ' 3 x . crlions lnr the instruction of n blind hnv, 12
} »..I MIU llicir citizens answerable; yoawof mve. Iiu.ul.nn
friends ii the city. ,Wc he
thn tvoAnake these statements upon tlie rumors
which unro generally circulated in the city yester
day amtng the West India circles.
Tlmfifternoon tlie business oftlie Colonial mar
ket haiieen suspended by the announcement tliat
III- Majesty's ministers have made slavery a cabi
net quet inn ; report adds that slavery will! ho n-
boiis.ie. in three years, and that no compensation
wmhoMvcn. i his announcement hasoccasion-
cjl geirngitatio", nnd most oftlie West India
planti* have withdrawn tlmir sugars from sale, to
ftwrwtnic issue nj tiiis groat event.
j I h \\ cst India Deputation had a conference
with ind Golderich on tlio ‘-2d nit.]
ft'tt Blind.—Tlio U. S. Gazette of Monday
coma is an account of tljo result of Mr. Friedlnn-
ability among them. One great end of
it to ho understood i reform was to bring “ practical men” into tliw
House, hut it is doubted whether ton such arc a 5 "
tithlly returned. The pledges required from tho
candidates were strict, hut they were nearly
ways on abstract questions of politicial economV.
indii idually, for tl,e acts ol their Governments.—
And can it be possibld the States will submit to
i'i. r W ill they (itaud by and see tin ir citizens
im *.:cred for >b«ing then own law 9 f Of wlmt
ye a i* of age. In a short timo lie was taught to
realty means of raised letters, tn play on thepi-
I " n '• > w rite, to trace out gcoprnpliicnl boundaries.
; <S.c.< i a map, devised fur (no purpose, nnd to wake
such n gurird cLuir:.--. iVc
final
w ays on aesiraci quesuons 01 pomiciai uuuuu..'- ■
it was all theory and little practice—the people at
not know lindb to get nt what they wanted. Fn*
advocates of the ballot have increased greatly tjj
numbers sinqc the election, and indeed nearly*
tlie reform party consider it ns tlio only remedy
for the existing evils, and tlio only instrument w r
relieving tlio elector from tlie control by his sll P ( T
rior, to which lie is subjected by tho system of *
va voice polling. It is probable that tlio a*' 0 ?* 1 ?,
of tiie ballot nnd of triennial parliaments, "'ill
powerfully urged during tlio .present scssio >
though it can hardly bo supposed that the Peers " ■'
consent. Home journals, apprehending serious *■
ficulties in the progress of reform Irom the e° ^
servntive majority in.tlie upper house, still l,r £*
sufficient croation of peers to neutralise their Or
position ; but tho whig ministry, bended by th° ‘
ttngiiislied “ friend of his order,” will °* coU ,,i 1
not think of it now—they have conceded ea*' 1 "',
for the present It is intimated however, amt