Newspaper Page Text
Till] «|]OR«H JOURNAL,
BY
Prince A Ragland,
printers—ami Publishers of the Laics of the
(State l run y n(ted states,)
t *! heil twice a week during the session of the Legist*
1< , , t)H remainder of tlie yenr, «t the Corner o
curt, »«J Slrwls.nl T1IRKK DOLLARS pernnnum
I’OLIII DOM. \ at the end ol ttie year,
vill liottie neat to any person out of the State, until
irtdlfn
ii advance,'
T in* fa per v
ilvance, or satislactory reler-
; the usunl r
I. V N’ D. .
red.*')' law, to b** held
\ the honrs.it ten in the forenoon and Hire
turt-limne in the county in which the
sales must he given in a
^AdvVrt^enO inserted
I r V. 11. Sales o
it jarlian-. are req
in tb«» is iiUll.hetwe
“• 'll.rti'ls^duate,—Notice of the
,,r .A'-tt- SIX I’V ll VVS previous to thu day of sale.
** Vil M, V K<*IIOKS must 1)0 at public auction, on the first
T . rf the month, between the usual hours of sale,at the
pu'di sales in the county where the letters Testnmen-
, \.|mini«tr itinn or (Juardianshlp,may havp been granted,
'•/’riving SIX TV DAY'S notice thereof, in one of the public
5 </cites n | this Stateyiiul at the door of the court-house, where
"%e -• de of Personal Property must he given in like
mitincr FUR TV dnys previous to the day of sale.
N din’ to i In* I) Dtors and Creditors of an Kstute must he pub
lished fur FORTY days
• tlis t applienti
torileaveto s"ll LAND,
i will ho made to the Court of Ordinary
ust h- puMMidt for FOUR MONTHS
Satire f«r lo.ivo to sell NEGROES, must he published for
POUR MONTHS,before any
hy the Court,
VOLUME XXIV.
MILLEDGEVII.LE, THURSDAY, JULVlt, iw.i.
SniRF.R 17.
St,000 IlKWARD.
^flE undersigned, Attorneys of the Bonk
, Thousand Dollars,
der absolute shall be miidcthcre-
publish-
Persoits interested in those Advertisements wldeh n
^,1 \fnnihly. will find them in the first and fourth page of the first
paper in every month. .
All business of this kind continues to receive prompt attention
a t-the Office of the GEORfilA JOURNAL.
BLANK WRITS OF SCIRF.
s, lor
i.ss^
wi ] me nuthorised to nnnounce
CHARLES SMITH, ns a candidate for Tax Col-
lector of Baldwin county, at the ensuing election.
Mi11edgevilIc, .Line fi, __
,1 CJMJttP-JflEE TIM'D
W ILI. beheld nt Vernon, nenr Mndiann,
Morgan county .commencing on Friday the27th of Ju
ly. Preachers belonging to the connexion, and the friends |of
religion generally, are most cordially invited to attend,
jut) 1 _
TEACHERS MEETING,
rgl III', Tea. slier* of I’utnnm county, nrc re-
JL spectfully requested to meet nt the Male Academy in Kn-
timton, on Saturday the J7tli of July next, lor the purpose of nr-
C miring a Society to promote their interests and improvi nient.
All are requested to attend. An Address or two will be deliver-
A I) I ML SHF. It WOOD,
Katonton, July 4—If
W. ARMSTRONG.
COTTOW
BAGGING.
1 <$h PIECES best Inverness Bagging
3 W jU.lrer,lvcd«n,l lor.nl,-by
N. McGEUEE.
Mlllfldgevlllc, may .‘>0. 1813.
Sly^'cnn Universal tlnliciiirM,
Of the British College of Health—London.
rrillESH PILLS, invented hy Morrison,
JL arc said in his directions, In be adapted to all diseases,
mi the principle that ir.i* is subject to one disease nnly,(i.e.)
Impurityoftlie Itlood, and tliatil Ins directions
they will i
For sale by
Millcdgovillr, Juno 27-'t
, deep rooted ciMuplaiut*—
CHARLES HALL.
i'MdOTtn.vG.
[UST rccoivt?il at the .Milledgeville Cloth -
esh *
ply •
ing Store, - ...
I!( tttiff 'Wade Clothing,
• ,Ual>li. fur till’ |ir.-«i-iit -nnl nppr > .rlilnr «-a>uii, r..ii.).|ln> nfa
Licit variety ol Frock lilt, <' ‘tiers, Dress Cools, I,mind
$ ,cket«, PaotalMuns. Vests, Drawers an l Shirts, all
terials, f.tslili
manner.
Milb’dgevllle, May 2
liable cut,and
made in tin*
J
II A T N.
UST received at the Milled
in*’ Store, a lre-h suppl;
line cju .lily
iile Cloth-
pply of lasiiionahle Mack, Drab ami
"Also a bAv ’pVe.’. s «>Y DRY' GOODS, vir. :
flombiuines, Hmwii and White Drillings i
S itteen, Mack Silk Caiublet, Mlk Velvets,
which will be sold low,
'l’O THE PUBLIC.
C 'lOTl’ON SCREWS.—The undersign-
y ed living in tin* upper part of M-wgan coimiy. neat
the line of Newton county, and two miles from the lineoi Jaspe
county, is enabled to make
Seven's for Parking Cotton
of a superior kind,and nt a price so reasonable that those will
n small crop of Cotton, will find it to their advantage to h iv.
o, e . I make them by water-power—They areeui hy "
gage. When erected they gain if
the power of their ow n w < ight.
of packing the bale.
5, delivernbli
cessnry lor theerection •! tin-
won workman who can um»i
and teiinon. I will riven dial
to those who liny
at my >
•untv, ano the
|j forframing
Mill. The frame ne-
lie made by any
make a mortice
unions lor this purpose
y larility lor I lie purpose
iking them expeditiously/tiiose who u ni:
Miednt short notice, 1 base Jell a Screw am
ip Johnston fc K disov. in Madison, which rn
person w ho cannot find it convenient to come
June i J—flm
SITS BiO.V VI. TAYLOIS,
ATTOlt.XFY .11' L I 1C
H AS located in Cuss county, and wi
tend to business in the various branches of Iris pro
fession,it) all the counties of the Cherokee Circuit
reeled to him sen* to Two Run I 1
Ce .N. ILTUt’ .M
above notice insertion for three month 1
• fo
JK.SSK WILSON.
ist OlUce, post pa.it! y 1
vill*? and Macon papers, will c
, , JAMES s. park.
!n™ 1 p"? ,llt ‘ rw . 1 ‘I’*! ,,rnnc, ‘°f the said Rank eslnhlished in that
town,charged with embezzlement, to a very large amount of
the fund* entrusted to his care. The said James's pl?k ii ««
8 iuches in height, has black hair, black wf
.. I' n . c. mi't.'nl' fitl ' " " IH| smooth .perch
n mtiiihr nn r ui *? n * n *. •" " liirli hewn, born end raUed,
lmv ‘- ,u > h «
Printers ol ne\vsn*pcrs in Florida and Alabama, and i * **
idieiokee Circuit, in Georgia, are requested to give tills a
jseim at a p ace m their papers for three weeks, nnd to for
?i'„ 8 Jo pa >' m ! MU the H ranch at (»reenesborotig|,,<
to the I i mcipal Rank ol the State ol Georgia nt Savannah
JOSEPH W. JACKSON,
A. PORTER,
fact of the Rank of the State Of Georgia.
CONGRESSIONAL
PUBLIC SALE OF VALUABLE
GOL.IIJIINES.
W ILL ho positively sold nt public outcry,
in tliptown of .Millmlgcvlllc.oii flip 15|ll ilnjof JULY
next, the billowing Lots »
Also,
1053,
12
1
1195,
12
I
748,
12
1
801,
12
1
859,
12
1
893,
12
1
820,
12
1
932,
12
1
817,
12
1
999,
4
1
970,
4
1
974,
4
1
1039,
4
1
20,
13
1 North.
80,
13
1 North.
800,
3
2
940,
21
2
885,
21
2
044,
21
2
038,
3
3
G77,
4
3 being )
Dawson’s Ferry. £
valuable Mines, both
In the above list nrc comprised the _ . , ..
for Vein and Deposit,in the whole Cherokee country. They arc
those \v Inch have been purchased during tlie Lottery, ami arc
sohllbrthepurpo.se of settlement among tlie Companies. Cnpi-
talistsare as«.ui ed that the sale will be pntiiiv'* and without re
serve. The terms will be one third Cash down—one-third in
tw o months, and tin- remaining I bird in four mouths trointln
dale of purrjiase. Notes with ajiproved security lor tin* pa)
they
due, will he required
incut of the insl/tlment*,
Tlie titles will be undoubted.
THOMAS J. park.
JACOB PAGE.
JASON II. WILLSON,
U. .1. MULLOCK.
/,. It HARGROVE,
WILLIAM WARD,
SAMUEL TATE,
RoRKRT S. PATTON,
THOM -\S It. W ARD,
WILLI \ Ms Ri; niKRFORD,
IIKN IIV M. CLAY.
iMHIedgeville, MnyO, 1833.
LV The T**b-,'-opf, (Dduinbia. and Courier, Cl.nrleslon. S (
Miner’s -i >u run I, (; barb tie, ami star, llnlei vih, V. f: u ill pub'i
l lie above till the daj > • l - a I — Flu N iiioiial Inti
j Tenn i
i he ahov until the 5th July, a
rvv iililomu for payment.
, llu
ir
May 11—m Jut.
NOTICE.
rinitE Subscriber wisliing to remove from
Jl- this county, wiII sell her
Valuable 1*1 an tat ion
on Cedar Creek, near Bethel Church, containing two squares— (
a go m| proportion of Wood Lind—well improved, and in good
repair. The price shall suit the times.
Baldwin county, June 27—3t LUCY CLICMflNTS.
REDUCED PRICES.
Earthenware, China, Class anil Looking
Classes.
THOMAS .P. HAECKOW&Co.
Importers^ H8, IVa ter Street, JVcw York,
A RK contimuilly receiving thu newest pot-
1 aL terns, nf Earthenware, China, .V«:. by the Jute arrivals
train Liverpn d._ Tin ir stock comprises every variety in the
line, and is surpassed by none, in extent or quality. They have
made such an aneements in England, lor the purchase of their
GDDI)s, j. .muiMi < tl.emto hold out the strongest inducements
to Merchant s dealing in llieli line.
Those Aim are laying in st-n’lis of the article, will find it great
ly to Hu ir interest to rail,as tlie very lowest pi ice, will be nain-
GKORGE W. MURRAY.
Ccr NOTICE.
ilv• rti.-r rn t in s' vi rat of the
'. I • «• .i> g'i a. i.■ v others, Lot No.
■ n I i I i *• C l -I tin- Cherokee Tr,-
- io '.) 'Ci an) ol s,»» euiatnrs. I tb*rrioie
to . ii|. i . tins ;i)au is a on ill io o to all pi I suns
tlie above named lot (8J0,
io miow that I am the owner oj »»m-
d I am lully authorized by Dower
the other undivided liall i
JOS. J SINGLETON.
. 7BI Be Sj 3 i D ii E 1*1 EE E
STREET LOTTERY.
(Authorised Inj the General Assembly of the State oj
Georgia.)
Dame Fortune stands in merry mood,
Pouring herfuvors to the crowd—
lie ready, friend, before they fall—
Who Unuws but you may catch them all!
moneyTmoney:
“ Lots of Money"!!!
When we consider that For-
ed which i
. P" J
) sell i
N. B. The best packers in the city,employed.
THOMAS J. BARROW Co.
Importers, 88, Water Street, New Yot
T7* Orders by letter carefully attended l<*. amt Goods clta
at lowest rates. jutted
NO'I’ICE.
f|lIIE follow iiii; articles
ed bv the Steam K nt Company's
and it not called for within thirty days Ir
sold tu pay the expend**, viz ;
No mark, in Barrels Liquar
have been receiv-
s Bont«,arenow in Store,
tlie date,they will be
•1 Smith Bellow *
(i Horse Collars,
1 Bundle Spades
extensive country, through the medium ol
the LOTTERY system; that scarcely a
week or a day w heels by us, without bring
ing the intelligence,that some ofourtriends
or lellow-cltitens have drawn a PRIZE ;
and, that it only requires an investment ol
the trivial sum of 10 Dollars, to give us a
good Chance lor 20,000:—Surely it is unne
cessary to urge upon this liberal and —
lightened people, the policy of stepp'd
the way to wealtli and the lavor ol tlie
pi I io us Dame.
The next Drawing will take
place on the
On the lG/h day of JULY next
At which time the billowing very comfortable Prizes -
floating in the Wheel, viz
1 Prize of
1
1
0
1
l
Resides
2 Prize of
$10,000
5.000
1.000
000
800
700 .
eat number of 50's and 20's
ceivetllliHl lin're I. » in tlie wheel mo
Twenty-five. Thousand Dollar.
nurlunivnof On- Piiin's bflow l"0 rlollnr,. T'w'»
i,ciinire fnilnm'S fnrtnmll sums, will tin .veil tll V 1 c,
vesliiieius, bclure tlie ijoliJen inoinenl piis.e-1, ."d »IU »' 8""-
forever.
SCH K ME.
1 Prize of $‘20,000
do
do
do
do
do
Thus it
heel mure tlmo
t Wa
i Bo
" 73 piece* Castings,
“ I Anvils,
“ !) Bars of Iron,
" 1 dozen Scythe Blades,
“ 5 culls nf Rupp,
“ 5 barrels Cider,
• R. Smith, t hint. Sugar,
t'nldron, I dozen Scythe Blades,
• P. S. \iieu-ta, 1 barrel I’urk,
V. II. B I half barrel Fish.
• & f,. Augusta, 1 hall barrel Fish,
• I barrel, G. Smith I box,
1 bar *1 Liqu r. P. II. 1 barred Licmor,
tev. S.Tally 2 iiuxes. It. B. It. 1 barrel Liqu
I hunilli- Spades, I). CL 2 pieces Irun,
, Trens. S. R. Co.
a
4
9
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
35
50
050
5000
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
10,000
5.000
1.000
900
800
700
000
500
400
300
200
100
50
20
12
Less than TWO BLANKS to a l’RI/.E !
[FOR THE GEORGIA JOURNAL.]
Messrs. Prince fy Ragland—Von may think it
strunjjc, but I have not yet finished the perusal of
' F tit 1011,1 S an( ^ *^ r * Webster's g rcQ t speeches
on Mr. Calhoun’s resolutions ; though I intend to
do so with all convenient dispatch.
I apprehend, however, that these genlemen oc
cupy extremes, and consequently are both wrontY
in some respects: Truth is usually found on the
middle ground. Mr. Rives, of Virginia, occupied
llir . n middle ground, nnd his speech deserves consi-
givp this a river-) deration. You promised this speech to your read
ers, and I have felt disappointed that vnu have not
published it. No doubt you will still ’do so. Mr.
Rives’ principles, if I am not mistaken, have been
considered ns undoubted, and his opportunities
of imbibing the opinions oT Mr. Jefferson have
been peculiar. Another reason why Mr. Rives’
speech should still be published, is, tlint you have
published that of his colleague, Mr. Tyter, who
differs from Mr. Rives in opinion.
J think you ought to publish Mr. Forsyth’s con
cluding remarks on the compromise, or, perhaps on
the force-bill. I am aware that this gentleman has
incurred the displeasure of many ; but all allov
him to be a man of great talent and energy. Ho
has heretofore been considered as “ always ready
for trialand surely he ought to be heard.
A SUBSCRIBER.
[We intended io publish Mr. R*s. speech soon
after that of Mr. Tyler, but subsequent matters of
much interest were fast covering it up. NVe now
supply the omission. Mr. Rives is very clear on
the supremacy of such laws of Congress as are
constitutional. But you do not come on debotca-
blc ground till you get to those which nrc not con
stitutional ; and the hinge of the controversy is,
who shall judge whether f hoy are constitutional or
not. What would Mr. R. say of nn uci of Con
gress or treaty or court decision wliicli should linve
tlie object or eftect to substitute in any state, some
other form of government instead of the republi
can? Or, us in our own case, to divide the State
into two separate and independent governments.
Who should judge m that case, tlie Federal Urn-em
inent, the author of the attempted outrage ; or the
State, bound ns it is by every law natural, divine
and human, to vindicate its integrity and its rights.
Eds. Jour.]
SPEECH OP MR. RIVES,
or vmoiMt,
In tlie Senate of the United States, Fe.li. 14, nn
the hill further to provide for the collection nf duties
on Imparts.
Mr. President: Stranger ns I am in this body
and now almost a stranger in my own country,
though inspirit nnd offection never separated from
it, I teel that 1 owe an apology to the Senate for
obtruding myself nt nl| upon its attention. Sir, 1
do it with great reluctance, nnd with a deep sense
of the disadvantages under which I labor. Most
of tlie questions involved in the discussion of the
bill now Under consideration have sprung up du
ring tlie period of my absence from die country,
and the short interval which lias elapsed wince my
return, has afforded me neither the time nor the
opportunity for a detailed examination of thun, I
bring to them, therefore, no other resources of ar
gument or illustration than those settled principles
arid fundamental notions winch are rooted in the
mind of every Ainericnn citizen, in regard to the
Constition of his country.
Sir, the questions now to bo settled nrc nf tlie
deepest import to the destinies of this country.—
They touch not the construction of this or that
clause of the Constitution only. They go to the
whole frame and structure of the Government, nnd
the vital principle of its existence. Sir, I should
be recreant to my duty on this floor ns llie repre
sentative of a State, which, under Providence, had
the chief agency in the establishment of this hap
py system of Government, if 1 did not attempt,
liowever feebly, the expression of my views or. such
an oensinn.
I nin impelled to this expression, Mr. President,
by another consideration. It is my misfortune to
differ from my worthy and honorable colleague, ns
well as from other honorable Senators coming from
the same quarter of the Union ns myself, in sever
al of the views I have taken of this subject. It is
due to them ns well ns to myself, nnd those whom
we represent, tlint the grounds of this difference
of opinion should bn slntnd nnd explained. And,
in order to preclude nil misapprehension, 1 beg
leave to say, in the outset, that no one is, or bus
been, more thoroughly opposed to that whole sys
tem of policy, usually denominated the American
system, than l have been, and still am. My voice,
Sir, lias been often and strenuously, however inef
fectually, raised against it in another division of this
Capitol. J consider it unjust in principle, inex
pedient in practice, oppressive and unequal in its
operation—in short,an abuse of power, contrary to
the true genius of our institutions.
But, Sir. what is entitled to far more considera
tion, the Stale which 1 have tlie honor in part to
represent has repeatedly and strongly protested n-
gainst this system; and it is but yesterday that her
Legislature earnestly renewed her appeal to the
councils of the nation so to modify the system as
to remove the just causes of complaint which Imd
arisen against it. Sir, this appeal, and similar ap
peals which have emanated from the Legislatures of
other States, fortified by all those high considera
tions of patriotism, policy and justice which tlie
crisis suggests, cannot fail to have their proper ef
fect. There is every reason to believe that this
distracting question will be settled, and speedily
and satistactorily settled as it ought to be. But
notwithstanding these grounds of hope,one of
the States of the Union has rashly undertaken
to redress her griefs by n formal abrogation ol
tlie laws of tlie United States within her limits.—
She hns declared the whole series of revenue laws,
from the origin of the Government to the present
day to be null and void; hns prohibited llu ir exe
cution within her borders, under high penalties, and
has ordainqd various other measures with the ex
press view of defeating and arresting their opera
tion.
In this state of things, we arc called upon to say
if the Government of the United States shall ac-
higlior importance. The example would inflict n
,nortn ' wnl,n< l <m the Constitution. The Govern-
m"nt would ho thenceforward virtually dissolved
, " ° inevitably fall buck into the nnnrehv
anil contusion of the Articles of V„nf, .Irralinn- f
indeed, after such nn example nf weakness, the
ever s imi](i cot| liinio connected by any tie whnt-
f.°r " nc ’ therefore, I feel myself constrained, by
me Highest considerations of duty, to wive mv ns-'
sent to such measures as may be necessrn, mid pro-
f," to Provide for the execution ot the laws, w hile
they remain imrcpealcd. There are some provis
ions in the bill now under consideration of which
ldo not approve, ns I shall have occasion Io say
more fully, when I come to explain my own ideas
ol the legislation best adapted tomeel'lhe crisis.—
w.",' n T, " l0t ,h .° tKroshol.I With n preliminary
denial ol the right of the Government to admit imv
motsiires whatever, for the execution of a law of
wlml Montosiicn savs on this subject, add. “The
definition of (confederate republic seems simply
to be ‘no nssnblnge of societies,’ or an associa-
lion of two ft more States into one State.”
But. Sir. letn appeal to n distiniriiiahed authority
hieli is oBt'tjnvoketl hy lliu politicans ol South
(’arolinn, amfor which* I rhallange n portion of
llicir re«p«rt.m the present occasion. Mr Jeffer
son. Sir, in n ku r t) .Mr. Kdmuntl Randolph, which
will he found I the* :hl vol. of his published corres
pondence, wren mi ilit* l'-'ih Anyiist. 17‘.l9, in Iho
very crisis of i u t trrent utmirgle for constitutional
principles wliih terminated in the “civil revolu
tion ol 1^01. and when he must be supposed to
have ue.mdied rell nil the Ik •afirms of hi
uses the l«llowiifr Innounoe : “ Before the rev’u-
tion, there exited no nuc.li nation as the United '*■
Sillies : III,y, llirn, first associated ns a notion, but Constitution
for specialpurpispR only. They had all their laws' sense
to make, in Virginia had on her first establishment j adopted hy the . lal
InM/i^"Koil States, w'hi,di shall have been nullified/ ,lril ceod to
• ill lie
S'6'00
500
400
300
200
100
ill be per-
§20,000
30.000
20.000
9.000
4.500
4.000
3.500
3.000
2.500
2.000
1.500
1,000
3.500
2.500
13,000
00,000
, . , , ul " State. This position Has
been maintained by both of the homin' 1 "'’ H.'iin-
tiM*s from South Carolina, nnd es’- mnliv hy the
honorable Senator who spoke fi-i. [Mr. Calhoun,J
in the remarks mndy hy him at the time of sub
mitting his resolutions, whkh uro now lying on
your table.
How, Sir, has this cxtrnnfdinnry position been at
tempted to bo sustained ? One would have suppos
ed tlint a power so radically affecting 1 the whole o-
peration ot our system an nn absolute State veto
on the laws of the Union would have boon, in some
form or other, expressed in Iho Constitution. In
stead c.f this, we find nn express declaration that
the Conttitution nnd Caws of the United States
shall coitrol, and be supremo over, the Constitu
tion anl laws of the respective States. Vet <v
honoruljc Senator [Mr. Calhoun,] seeks to do n-
wny nllthis, by setting up the metaphysical deduc
tions md ingenious creations of his own mind, in
the plat* of die positive terms of die instrument
itself. Sir, 1 propose to follow the honorabU* Sen
ator, slip by step, in the process of reasoning hy
which !c hns attained so singular a result. And
as I aiiinnxious to deni with his argument in all
possible fairness, I will first state what I under
stood lint argument to be, in order that, if 1 shall
have fid on into a misapprehension of any part of
it, the Innorablo Senator may set me right.
1 understand the honorable Senator, then, thus—
after suing that the problem is to ascertain where
the panmount power of the system is, and that
that poyor must be where the sovereignty is, he
proceets by saying that the constitution of the U-
nited Jjtntes, is a compact between the several
States that these Slates only are sovereign that the
(iovrrijnent oftlic United Stales is not sovereign
becauai, according to the principles of modern polit
ical science, sovereignty is not the attribute of
any government—that it resides in the people—
that thf only people, known to the true theory of
our institutions, is the people of the several states
distincty—that if the people of any ono State in
the Union, therefore, shall, in its sovereign capaci
ty, interpose between its citizens and the Govern
ment of the United States, the act of a sovereign
being ilways binding on its citizens, the citizens
of that State can no longer owe obedience to the
Government of the United States, or be properly
subject toils action,—-but that if tho act of the
State, so absolving its citizens from obedience to
the United States, be a violation of the compact
with the other States, it is the State only as a pr
litical community that is responsible. \ hope, sir,
1 have stated the reasoning of the Senator fairly,
as I have wished nnd intended to do.
Now, Sir, in regard to the first proposition laid
down hy the honorable Senator from South Gnroli-
nn, [Mr. Calhoun,] it gives me pleasure to say that
I niu entirely of accord with him. Here we draw
our principles from tlie same pure fountain—the
republican doctrines of 4 B8 and ‘!)B as asserted,
nt that lime, by the legislature of my own State.
II there he any thing in politics or history resting
on grounds of incontrovertible evidence and con
clusive demonstration, it is that the Constitution of
the United States was adopted by the people of
the United States, not as an aggregate mass of in
dividuals, hut as separate and independent commu
nities. This, Sir, is the foundation stone of our
federal system, and every attempt to displace it
hns resulted in acknowledged failure^ and, has only
served to establish it the more firmly.
But, Sir, are the other propositions of the hon
orable Senator [Mr. Calhoun] equally true? It
is true, that there is no other sovereignty, known
to our political system, than that which resides in
the people of each State distinctly 1 / And here,
Sir* as the chief source of difficulty in all discus
sions of this sort is in the vague use of terms, let
us fix what we mean by sovereignty. The ole
mentary idea of sovereignty is that of supreme un
controlled power ; and when applied to political or
ganizations, I agree with the honorable Senator
from South Carolina [Mr. Calhoun,] that it cannot
with propriety, be predicated of government, which
is a delegated and limited trust, but that it resid
exclusively in the body of the community, which
creates nnd establishes the government. I readily
grant then, that the Government of the United
States possesses no sovereignty. The lionornbl
Senator [Mr. Calhoun] seems to have supposed
that this being admitted, it would necessarily fol-
*ow that the only sovereignty known to our politic
al system, is in the people, of each Slate distinctly,
there being, as ho contends, no other people, nc
cording to its true theory, thap the people of th
several States separately considered. But, Sir,
this argument obviously overlooks the peculiar na
ture of our complex organization, which embraces
two-distinct sperms of communities—the separate
communities called the States, formed by the in
dividuals who compose those States respectively,
& the general community, called the I aiitcd Stales,
formed ny the association of all the States into n
political Union. There is one body politic or com
munity ns clearly resulting from the association of
States, in the one case, ns there is such body poli
tic or community resulting from the association of
individuals, in tlie other. In the body of the com
munity, the sovereignty of each system resides—
that of the federal system, in the community called
tlie United States, that of the State systems in the
bcily of the community called the State. You
will remark. Mr. President, flint 1 here speak of
the United States, as contradistinguished troin the
nation. But they did not, ns Virginia had dnRp,
dopt a whole system of laws ready
Uiaue IO f/U'ir >»" »•' * ■'• s mcO uhmu.iulIiji, no u /*<«•
*■*■«/// ~.ii> for special purposes," Arc.
Sir, it would he easy to shew, if the time of the
Senate were not too precious to he consumed in un
necessary discussion, that tho recognition here made
ol the l mted Stated ns forming one. notion, for rer- | Red enlightned
tain purposes, is of particular weight, from llu* na- j nlisit, attempt
gross, on that occasion, nnd signed by Genara
Washington, m President of the Convention. “ It
is obviously impracticable in the F’ederal Govern
ment of these States to secure nil the right® of in-
dependent sovereignty to each, and yet provide fof
the interest and safety of nil. Individuals entering
into society must give up a share of liberty to pre
serve the rest,” ly-c. Let not any attempt be rnudo
to lessen the weight of this declaration by represent
ing it as the expression of the individual sentiment
of General Washington by whom the letter wa#
signed. The draft of the letter was carefully pre
pared, under the orders of the Convention, by the
same Committee, which was charged with giving
the final shape to tlie Constitution itself, and both
were sanctioned and adopted by the Convention, nt
the same time. Il was then the solemn explanation 1
of their own net. l y the Convention themselves,
made known to the people, and understood by them,
when the States ratified and adopted the Constitu
tion.
But, Sir, let us trace this nrmUer a little further.
Among the contemporary publications, explaining
and recommending tin* new Constitution, the essay®
of the Federalist, ns well for the distinguished abil
ity with which they were written, ns for the high 1
character nf the authors, two of whom were mem
bers of the Convent >n which framed the Constitu
tion. were universally read, nml profoundly consid
ered. In the letter of Mr. Jefferson Io Mr. Gerry,-
an extract of which was rend the other flay, by the
honorable Senator from lennsylvanie, [Mr. Dallas}
said with great force and propriety, that the
liould always be understood “ in the -
which it was idvocat«*d by its friends, nnd
Now. Sir, let U3 see in
what light it was presttilcd to the people, in refer
ence to this question of Slate sovereignty, by its
.i...G,» ir nj s |i,»<C advocates ami expounders, the writers
of the Federalist. Nothing would have been belter
calculated to procure its ready ndoption by the
States, linn to have told them that it left their *ove-
reiuiHv entirely unimpaired. But, Sir, its kowest
Ivocntes, the writers of the Feiler-
sucli imposition on the good tense
lure of llu? question which Mr. Jefferson was then J of the people. They told them distinctly, that
discussing, nnd which would have rendered his “sovereignty in the Union, nnd complete i n depen-
course of argument much shorter nnd simpler, if lie deuce in the members are tilings repugnant and if-
could have denied altogether tlie existence of an y ] reconcilenhb *” —Fed. JV*o. 1f>.
national individuality in the United Stales. j In the doth No. of that publication, where Mr.
But, Sir. without insisting on the particular I Madison is noticing the objection that tlie new Con-
weight of Mr Jefferson’s authority, in thin view of slilution would curtail the States of some important
it, I would ask if the same language has not been attributes of their sovereignty, instead of denying
habitually used hy nil of our great men who were i tlie charge, ns it might have been politic to do in nr-
conlempnrarr with the formation of the conslltn- der Io appease the jealousy of state pride, He boldly
lion, and with the vital questions of construction to admits nnd justifies iho fact. He tells the people of
which lli«* first ten years of its operation gave rise r j America that if it lie demonstrated that the Union i®
We all remember, Mr. President, that (ioneral ne«t‘R fl arytosectirol.heirliappiness,necee8Rrytose-
Washinglon, in lint noble monument of patriotism cure them against foreign wars, against «var and
and wisdom, his farewell address, speak® of the j contention among the States, against violent and on-
1 unity ol government which constitutes us one pro fprrssive fictions, against overgrown military »®lab-
pfr,” nnifof the States as bound together by “ un in- j Bailments, and against all the other nar#ele«9 ill® :
dissoluble community ‘of interest ns one nation."— that would be the inevitable consequence of fepara-
Mr Madison, than whom certainly no higher nu- • lion, it is idle to object to a constitution, without
thorilycan be appeuled to, in regard to that consti-! which that Union cannot be maintained, that it
tulinn which i« the workmnnship^of his own hands, would curtail tlie Stales of a portion of their sove-
tiius writes in hia letter to the F.ditor of the North I reignty. On the eontrnry, he adds, that so firr as the
American Review : “The constitution of the Unit I sacrifice of a portion of Stale sovereignty shall be
ed States, being a compact among the Slates in their - necessary t<* the objects «*l the Union, thus shewn to
highest sovereign capacity, and constituting the be indispensable to the happiness of the people, the
people (hereof one, pc.oplc for certain purposes, can-) voice of every good citizen must be, let tlie sicri-
not he altered or annulled at the will of the Stales lice he made. Sir, the sacrifice was freely made, to
individually, as Urn constitution of a State may be ' the extent required by the great objects of the
utils individual will." | Union; hut all that portion nf sovereignty Rot ne-
But why add to this list of distinguished million- cersary to he vested in the Union for those high pur-
ties, farther than to cite tin* authority of the honor- poses, still remains unimpaired in the respective 1
able Senator from South Carolina himself. In Ins j Stales.
letter to (iov. Hamilton, published during the last In pursuance of this leading truth, the language?
summer. I find the following passage : “ The Gener- ! habitually used io the Federalist to charncferiie the*
al Government is the joint organ of nil the States sovereignty of tho States, is the “ residuary §ov«-
cdnfederntpd into on® general communityAnd reignty of the State®,’* or “the portion of ®°ve-
nguin “ lu the execution of the delegated powers,' reignty remaining in the Stales” nfier that which iff
the Union is no Ion gar regarded in r* 7*«» renew to l In ( surrendered In the loin In rapid ly gla neing over
nmvnitij, to he gov-
parts, hut as forming one gnat
erned by a common will," A c
II, then, tlio United States do form “ one. commti-
nity, governed by n rnirimon will,” sovereignly may
ami does exist in ilui body of that community, for
the special purposes of the Union, just ne effectual
ly and unquestionably ns sovereignty exists in the
people ol an individual State, for State purposes.—
My answer, then, nnd I flatter myself a conclusive
one, to tho argument nf the Imtinrahlo Senator, is
that the sovereignly of our federal system is-neither
in the tiorcrnmrnt of the United Slates, nor in Iho
, J people of tho imliridual Stales separately consider
ed, hut in that “great 00111111111111)'," or body politic,
-Med the United State -, resulting froui the assoeia-
ion «>( all the. Stat«B, for rpaoial purpoaeo. Mr. Juf-
ferson, in the letter to Mr. Randolph, from which I
ad tin* extract cited a few moments ago, says, very
properly, that “ tho whole body of the nation” or
community, “ is the sovereign power for itself."
TI.etf is » practical criterion, of very easy appli
cation in our American institutions, for determining
where sovereignty resides. Sovereignty resides
where the power of amending the ('onstitulion or
fundamental law resides, lu a single State, this
power resides in tho people of the State, nnd of
course the sovereignty resides in them also. In the
Union, this power resides in llu* federal communi'y
composed of nil llie Slates, nnd according to an ex
press provision in llie Constitution, requires for its
exercise tho concurrence of three-fourths of the
States. According to this plain, practical test, then
the actual sovereignty of the Union is in three-
fourths of tin States.
Here, again, I am happy to fortify myself by nn
authority, which, if not that of the honorable Sen
ator himself, ns it is generally understood to be,
must, at least, command his very high respect. I
allude to the Report and F.xposition adopted by tin*
Legislature of South Uarolina in December, IHiH.—
From that document, I beg leave to read to tlie
Senate the following extract:
“ Our system, then, consists of two distinct nnd
independent sorerrigntirs. Tho general powers con
ferred on the General Government are subject to its
•n|e nml exclusive control, ami llie Slates cannot,
without violating the Uonslitution, interpose their
authority to cli
movement®, so
per sphere ; *• -
reserved to llie
control, nor ca
with them,
Uonstilntion
CPpliott Ilf r,
mark that th
lion between
er YVhntev
to the sorereignty
unquestionably cle
without, fi
In ord’*i
or irnd'.tut
flu
A Bargain—-Jor Cash or on Credit.
r l^HE Subscriber offers for snle Ins Plan-
tat ion, within half n mile of the town ol Zebiilmi, Pike,
f '•■inly, now in n hisli Man- ol ruliivalmii. nml in |;no4 order 1 ‘Al, 8 . .’
'• •ntaining 403 rwn-s. 230 acres in cultivation. There «r
the premises « parcel <0 excellent Negro Houses, irnmed
lloase,nnd a large Sinhleod by -1
>''g to purchase a fresh plnntntioi.
mem io ; m ,| sch >o|s, would do well Io call and v n
nee of the '•uli'Ci iher, application eille
tie la
Find Da
r 8*10, i oi
Third Day - D
,i 80", 1 ol 700.
Fourth Day’* I
,r son, | ol von, I
, 1 of l.T
ol 400, 1 >f
ol I0.OO0, I ‘d 1
1 ol I
JO.Ilfie, J I.OfHi
,,| too. l oi 1
I" "
l ..I l.‘
. I ol 1.1
tin* Union is vested in its legislative, executive and
political departments, llie actual sortrrign poirrr re
sides in the several States, who created it. in their
separate nnd distinct political character. But hy an
express provision of the Constitution, it may he
amended of changed Ly three-fourths of the States ;
and each Stale, by assenting to the Constitution
with this provision, has surrendered its original rights
as a sovereign, which made its individual consent
necessary to any change m its political condition,
nnd lias placed this important power in the hands of
th ri e fourths oj the States, in which the sovereignty oj
the Union under llu* Uonslitution does now actually
reside."
Here, then, Mr President, we have a distinct ac
knowledgment, in accordance with the principles 1
have laid flown, that the sovereignty of the federal
system i* not in the people of nny one of the States,
acting separately, as the honorable Senator now con
tends, but in three-fourths of the States acting con
currently. The honorable Senator haw told ns that
llie paramount power of controlling the General
Government must reside, where tin* sovereignty of
the system resides. The problem slated hy him was
to ascertain where that power floes reside, and is
here conclusively solved hy his own State, in a so
lemn exposition drawn up hy himself. The plain
result is, that the paramount or sovereign, power is
not in the people of any one State, but in three-
HARDY
n
: R a NY KURD,
vill insert the nh wsi
• lor payment. H.<-
Ami •
Fou
UOUfiHT to Wnrrcnton .lull, on »|<o
10th oi February, n necr*» hoy whose name is ST KPMSY ,
formerly belonged to Jnine* Cow en, hut now sn) s lie l ehnqs fo
John G. Morse, Charlotte, Rockingham county, N. C. Sniqnoy
isofii yellow complexion, about r » leet 7«»r 8 inches Licit; hcis 4'»
years of nge, entail Itenrii on his upper lip and chin;
nut indifferently. The owne
ty. and take him away.
» C The Natchez Courier (Mississippi)
.tIh.vp tour times,nnd forward the account
" arren county, Georgia.
may 23—u
jf^T ATI’, or (U'.OUGIA, Ncntmi coin-
ty— Inferior Court, June Term, 1833.
It appearing to the « ourl, hy the affidavit of James Rooerion,
dial lie once had in Iiis possession a deed made hy John ■ |‘***** *
t‘» John Simpson for a lot of land known hy No7(J. in llie d'" !*'
Henry c.iumy, when s irveyed, a copy ol which is now He* m
die Clerk's Oflice ol fliisCourt—It also appearing that Uie*ri-
gmal deed has been lost or mislaid—On motion, it i- J'. 0
'■ourt ordered, that snld copy he established in place ol *»••*
K aal, unless Rood cause he sh«*w n to llie contrary, on or he re
1 l, e til It ,| H y Ol (he next term of this court ; nnd that this■ rui ne
Published in the Georgin Journal monthly lor six months ' «
C »PT served c n-aid Hodnet at least three months before tue axi
term nf this court.
A true copy irom the Mhiutes, 25th June, IBM.
j«Ij ,—niOin HAMILTON Bl-RCE. P til
• 1 ‘f’, i'Jrlr»•
i'.", I,,., uiiiw n miiiiik'i .In'll *»- '■"I'll
ion ,n,|i iV*' ar.d or ill*'conrlu^n"’ "I the la i D "
i >t a ml l.isl dra wii n u in her shall In- • milled
f o.DDD dill Jars each, in atUlltion t
i prize «il
Ilia wine, th
<;.ipit.H J’riz
may he drawn to iheir numbers. . .
Tlie whole Lottery to he completed in Fire Day s Drat
ing only.
PRIZES ONLY TO BE DRA»\ N.
The whole ol the Prizes payable insixty days after enrh Day ‘
ipi) will please puhlisi tin ed a-a • 11 . ■ o-iderthe «,uperiiiiendence ot M il
liam W. Cam* '.Samuel Rutfington, Samuel ,
Vi Torrance. Joseph Stovall. John H. J. "• A r
ll holes $10—Halves $5— Quarters $2 ;>0.
i ereat variety of number*, at the Commi»»loner*
.1.. in n erent variety oi nuiin>ri», m »u- - .
, Mrrrl.»pP'’.ilrll>F P"., I >dir.'nn.l M«lf II""''
OfHM.pn W.TO**” ri . kru-rom an, p.n»i ih- Onlttd m.i.-
‘,,1 , ,-l » ilh pv.;nipl«Ui-llli"n-A'lilr^
1 (>iil»EP. s
PRYOR WRIGIIT,
Secretary to CotnWlMloW>r>
may_23 ; jr—
€ 4 LA ItK <! minty, (Jcrgm—Isiihc I*, ocr-
S'", r.sq. Ol, tin 1711 I l 0,1 nn i he shoulders by fear; «f»-
old,4 feet 10 inches liigl'
praised to .10 dollars
nine 27— 'Jl
’ ROBERT I.TrtOv. C. t. C
... # government of Iho IJnitod States; and I contend
,J, | quiesce in this open defiance and violation of the i that tho term Unit'll Slates, as used in our political
laws nf the Union, without taking any stop wlmt- ^ nomenclature, designates one body politic, one m-
ever for their enforcement r For myself, l am free ^ togrnl commuriiiy, (although a community com-
to say, that 1 do not thus rend my oath to siip|>ort | po^rM of State?,) in which sovereignty resides, ns
the Constitution of the United States. 1 do not, fo certain purposes, ns truly as it resides in tho
thus understand my duty to my country, or tin* b»-1 Smtes, or several communities composed of indi- j fourths of all ihe States
terest and tiro l.onor »f inv own Slate. Wlint, Sir; v id„n|g, for the purpopes of tlieir orr-nniznlion. *'ri lis important docum-nt, also, in ncknowladoinc
will be the con«equonco if SoUlh Carolina bo p r- I should not think it necessary, Mr. Pr< ndent, there “are two di tinct nnd independent sooe-
mitted, without opposition, to nullify the revenue to dwell on nn idea, which, to my mind, is so obvi- rcignliet" in our complexqrffanizntion, recognize
laws of tlie Union ? Will not that uniformity oi on®, if I did not know that the suggestion of any the correctness <•!’ another oT the position® 1 hav
imposts, and that equality in the^scal and commer- unity in opr federal organization had recently giv-J lai 1 d •'.vu -that there is sovereignty in tin* United
cial regulations of the Union, which arc guarnri- j Pn j-i^o to much dissitisfaclion, nnd if wo did not J stutrs, m regard to iho purposes of the Union, a
teed bv the Constitution, bo at once abolished by live in times when the best settled principles have i wt ‘ 11 ns sovereignly in tho several States, for Slat
the arbitrary act of South Carolina, to her own ad- been boldly called in question. It may m
— 1 4 ~ * Ur ' '•«*——*»* - r nH.nr sjtfifps' m iRs, therefore, to bring n few proofs to tho sup
port of wlmt I have ventured to assort—tlint the
United States do form, to ascertain purposes, one
community—ono integral political body. We are
all agreed that tho United States form a eon federate
republic. Now, Sir, what is the definition of a
confederate republic by Hint writer, who, among
the political philosophers of modern times, seems
to have best understood its characteristics, and to
have most justly appreciated its advantages ? Mon
tesquieu says, “;i confederate republic is a con
vention by which several smaller Slates agree to
become members of a larger one, which they in
tend to form. It is n kind of assemblage of soci
eties, that constitute a new one. 11 &c. Tho wri
ters of Jie Federalist, in thefUli No., referring to
vantage, and to the detriment of the other States
Sir, as a representative of Virginia, I am not wil
ling that Virginia shall he compelled to pay taxes,
while South Carolina, by her own illegal and unau
thorized action, is suffered to go quit of them. \ ct
this must be the unjust consequence of acquies
cence in nullification; or otherwise, n result still
more distressing to the whole country will ensue—
the entire commerce of the country will be drawn
to the free ports of South Carolina; the ports of
the other States, w ith all the important branches of
industry connected with them, will be consigned to
ruin; and, at the same time, tlie whole revenue of
the nation will be cut off and destroyed.
Bad as these consequences, or any of them, may
hr, thejc it* vet another view of the subject, of still
been boldly called in question. It may not be a- i l[u r P‘ ,!,HH * B Ins become fashionable, nf late
- • • • J deny that there ih nny sovereignty in the United
Slates, (1 speak, of course, of the United State
political community, and not of the government ol
the United States) and to eta
rntely. an absolute, complel
lehraleil collection, I find tho expression
siduary sovereignty of the Slates," ns distinguished
from n complete and undiminished sovereignty, used
in three several numbers, (No. "!>, 43, (i2 ) nil writ
ten by Mr Madison, whoso guidance, I "confess, I
always follow with peculiar confidence, for no man,
from the relation io which he stands to the constitu
tion, can ho supposed to bo more thoroughly imbued
with its true philosophy. It is a remarkable circum
stance, ns evincing the unvarying fidelity of Mr.
Madison’s mind to this fundamental truth of a par
tial surrender of sovereignty by the Slates, that at
the distance of more tliau ten years from the publi
cation of the Federalist in his celebrated Report of
the Virginia Legislature of’!>}>, bo again uses the
naui<* form of expression—“ tin* residuary sovereign
ty of the Slates."
Sir, that Report, in recognizing, ns it does in ex
press terms, tl the. sovereignty of the United States,
an well as in attributing to the several States n re
siduary sovereignty only, shows that tlie idea of nn
absolute ami undioiinished sovereignty still remain
ing io the HliiteS, was ns little entertain'd by the fa
thers of the political church, from which tile Sena
tor from South Uarolina professes to derive his ten
ets, ashy the founders and original advocates of the
constitution. In farther illustration of this point,
since Virginia authority has grown very much into
vogue, I may he permitted to reler to the address of
the Legislature of V irginia, to the people of tin*
State, which accompanied the famous resolution of
*‘)S in that address, generally supposed lobe the
production of John Taylor of Caroline, ns thorough
going a champion of Stare rights as the Senator
from South Carolina could desire, we find the fol
lowing declaration- “ It was then admitted that tho
Slate sovereignties were only diminished hy power® 5
specifically enumerated, or necessary to carry the
specified powers into effect,” thus acknowledging of
course that, to that extent, tho State sovereignties
had been diminished.
Sir. I claim myself to lie an humble hut devoted
disciple of this good old school of ’08 and 1)9, nnd I
might speak, if it were proper to do so, of some lit
tle opportunity f have enjoyed of being instructed
in its dnetriiies hy tin* great men wlm were its teach
ing it ®®, ir, a* 1
do their lame, with reverence, and 1 will adhere to
them with my latest breath. But ns I believe in,
and value those doctrines, I utterly reject the spuri
ous inleipolations which have been attempted upon
them by modern scholiasts and commentators.
The republicans «»I !H and '99, Mr. President,
never contended that the States retained, under the
ComUitutinn an absolute and undiminished sovereign
ty ; that they still possessed what they had given up
—that the ft 1 hole was not diminished hy the subtrac
tion of a part But they contended tint all tlie sove
reignty, which had not been voluntarily surrender
ed to the Union, wa® inviolably reserved to the
•Slates; that the States are sovereign within their
several spheres, n.- Iho Union is in the sphere mark
ed nut to it, and that the harmony of the whole sys
tem is only to he preserved hy each power revolv
ing in its proper orbit. It was reserved for modern
times to assert that eccentric and lawless titate sove
reignly. which “shoots madly from its sphere" to
arrest tin) movements, ami to nullify the acts of the
federal authority.
The Honorable Senator from South Carolina,
while admitting, in ono part of his remarks, that the'
people of the States had delegated a portion of their
sovereighty to be exercised through the General
Government, said, that to delegate, however, wa®
not to part with ; that, as between principal oncf
agent, the delegated power might at any time be re
sumed, and that, consequently, the people of the
several States might, at. their pleasure, resume the
powers they had granted tu the General Govern
ment. Now, Sir, while I will not deny the truth of
the general proposition that, as between principal
ami agent, the principal may at any time resume (fiat
powers he has granted, I do utterly deny tlie applU
cation of it which has been made by the gentleman
from South Carolina, in the first place, this is not
merely a question between the people of South Car
olina and the common agent of tho States, the Gen*
ernl Government, hut il is a question deeply invol
ving tho rights and interests of third parties, lo-wit;
the other States. But, if it were purely a question
between South Carolina and the General Govern*'
nient. Son'll Carolina alone could not resume the
powers which had been granted, to the latter. She
is but i»e out of the twenty-four principals, 'who
jointly granted these powers, nnd she can no more
so far as constitutional right is concerned, by her sin
gle act, resume the powers thus jointly granted than
an individual citizen of a State can resume the
powers jointly granted by himself nnd the rest of
the society t<> their .State government. Gentlemen
seem to confound the relation in which the people
of a Stale stand to the government of tlie United
the States sepn-1 Slates with that in which they stand to their own v
inti unqualified eove. I Stale government. The people nf South Carolina
i any manner counteract, its
hey are confined to its pro-
peculiar and local power®,
re subject to their exclusive
nernl Government interfere
i its part, also violating tin*
to have a full nnd clear con-
ms, il will he proper to r* 1 -
s, in our Nystem, a striking dihtinc-
gnrtrnmcnt and the sovereign pow-
ny he the true doctrine in regard
f the Slates individually, il in
, that while the gorernmeiit ol
reignty, to nil intents and purposes whatever. Sir,! may nt any time, resume or modify the powers they
tins is a novelty unknown to the founders of the | have granted to their State government, because, in
Constitution, nnd has sprung up in the hot bed of relation to thnlthey form tlie entire delegating bo-
excited, local politics. At tlie period of tho ndop- dy ; but, in relation to the government of the Uni-
tion of tlie Constitution, it was distinctly made ted States, they are hut one twenty-fourth part of
know ii and universally understood, that to tin* ex- the delegating body, three-fourth® of which are, by
lout to which sovereignty was vested in the Union, the express terms of the compact, required to mak®
that of the States severally, was relinquished nnd . any alteration lit the government,
diminished. What is-eaid. Sir, by the Convention! [Mr. CA LI I Ol 'N here said that he had been mi®-
which framed tiie Constitution, in communicating ' apprehended by the Senator from Virginia ; that ho
their work to Congress to In* submitted to tlie pen- hud not said that tho people of a State might resume
pie? The following unequivocal language is held . the powers which had been granted to the General
in till leUer nd<in-seed hy tho Convention to Con Government, hut that they had a right to j’udg® #f