Newspaper Page Text
Till) ukoruia journal,
nr
Prince & Ragland,
f State Printers—an ' Publishers of the Laics of the
{ United States,)
f . twice a week during the session of the Legist*
Is pibl.sUe«nw.C r ^ reiU;iilMlttror tUe year, ut the Corner o
Streets,at THREE OUhLAIlS peruniiuin
j>i HJ ft HOLLARS at tlie end of the year,
will n it he sent to any person out ni the State, until
thes'uhicription money is paid in advance, or suiislnctory reler-
'vW'iKiii-nu ii«ert-'l "t u,u«l rates.
ir\ it Sales *f LVSO, hr A hniimtiattirs, Executors, or
fl uriiaiM are required, by law, to lie held on the lir»t Tuesday
J * mill between the iiour«<il ten m the forenoon and three
the afternoon, at the eouri*hoiue in the county in which the
niTtv i* situ ite.— Notice ol these sales must be given in «
i'i'h’ liatette SI X PV DA VS previous t«> tho day qf sale.
P Sties ot NRvJiltlBS must be at public auction, on the first
T ie .l ivol the month, between the usual hours of sale, at the
nl»ce of public sales in the county where the letters Testamen-
t p m ‘. nf v.i.ninistrationor Guardianship,mar have been grnnle.l,
ftrVt/ivina MXTV DAYS notice thereof, tu oneot the public
a ixeites of this State, ami at the door ol the court-house, w here
«.iVh 4,ties areto he held.
* l i the sale of Personal Property must lie given in like
ma-ni.T, F«>R rV days previous to the day ol ** .
Notice to the De.itors and Creditors ol an hstate must be pub-
lislie I for FORTY days.
S' nice that application will he made to the Court of Ordinary
lonle.iveto
ime ...... -celily «
12.'..,, i iiin-ock Streets, i
• IdJaBce,”-
Tne I*s per
ell LAND, must lie published for FOUR MONTHS.
. . ..'leive to *ell NEGROES, must be published for
KOU R MONTHS, before any order absolute shall be made the ve>
on by the Co irt,
I'.-rs ms interested in those Advertisements which are publish
ed Monti,ly. will find them in the first mid lourtli page ol the first
paper in every month. ...
All business of this l.md continues to receive prompt attention
at the Oilice of the G EORG IA JOURNAL.
BLANK WRITS OF SCIRE
FACIAS, adapted to the present Lottery net*, for
Office, on 18
W E nrs r('(|iicsteil to nmioimce the name
of Mr. II. II. STI’RG KS, ns a candidate for lliu office
of Surveyor General at the ensuing election in November next.
July II—tK J
rjTHE unilcrsignciJ Ddegiitcs from
lflamES the county of Morgan, in the late Reduction Con-
t jW&r veiiliou, respect billy request their feilow. ciiiiens ol
Morgan.tu meet at the court-house in Madison, on Momia) the
tiiih ot August m xt, tor the purpose of determining upon the
propriety ol adopting or rejecting ‘
amlMidinent*
• people by that body. A general ,
i-speeilully a*bed.
£. A. NISH FT,
Ma lison, July II—7t
. i ti. v«
W ILL Iiu liulil ut Vernon, ninir Madison,
Morgan county.conimenr
ly Prenclie
julv 4
the 27th ofJlt-
belonging to the comirxion, and the liieuds of
'rally, lire most cordially invited to nllendi
ILL commence in New Inn county, nrnr
tin 1
VOI.U3IK XXIV.
MILLEDGEV1LLE, THURSDAY, JULY IS,
$J,OOH ItKWARI).
HjDIE undersigned, Attorneys of tlie Rmilt
ct^cs'e ruic'.'.rXn, 1 S;;;,:;" 1 "' un,lc ’»»*•»*"*»
Mae Thousand Btoelurs,
!!!,t , rJM Mll, <V ,l ri S, “‘ *"» *•«»* apprehension and delivery
gia of ° 1 * L CuUnljrul Ureeno, at Ur, enesboiongh, Geor-
JAMES S. PABtK,
’* ,,r,h " u " ! " r * l ie said Rank esmbli
col, to a Very large
The said James S
'*• ir111, lias black hail,
stature, and of sun
i which he was horn
Gold j”
Clierol
kee 1. II ell ii, III ,i
III a place III the
mills for pay i
i. or A lal*»t
i s i„ Flori
r tin
el Alabama
sted^to flvt
•*nt to tin IIranch ai Greem-slmrough,or
; the Mate ol Gotrctu at Savanmih.
J OS K I'll W. JACKSON,
A. l'ORTF.R,
. of the Stale of Georgia.
notice?
MTR following articles have been reci'iv-
mpany’s ltoat<,areuow in Store,
from thedate,they will be
Is Liquor,
I Smith Rell.iw s,
<*nt tonuro, and sworn to support tlio Constitution,
may declare sncli an act of the legislative authori
ty null and voitl,& refuse to carry it into execution.
\\ liatover leaning the courts of the U. S may be
supposed to have in favor of fedfvil authority, ex
amples are not wanting, nor very lew, of their hav-
ln o pronounced against the validity of acts of Con
gress, on the ground of their unconstitutionality ;
nor is it to bo doubted that they will continue to do
so. whenever the independent and conscientious
exercise ot their judgments shall require of them
such nn act of duty. L .
It nil these securities, provided in the orgor.izn- j
ti°n of the General Government itself, should fail. r.
it would then he the right, as the duly of the States j Y
Senator from Kentucky, (Mr. Clay.) has told us
that, for a long tune, ho considered the position of
Notith Carolina towards the Union, as presenting
an lnsuperahlc obstacle to any legislation of relief
during the present session "of Congress. 1 am
most happy that that honorable Senator has, ut
last, seen cause to entertain other views, and that
lie now feels the injustice of wiihohling relief from
the aggrieved Slates of the South generally, on
account ot the violent and improper proceedings
of asingloonn of them. 1 do not, certainly parti-
ipnto m the indulgence which that distinguished
, . . ... , ...... i mmtor seemed to feel for the errors of South Go-
jovnrnmont itselt, should lull,) n.ltna, when ho nssimilnted hor conduct In |!mt of
irgmia, in the case t»f Cohens, and of Ohio to
to interpose their conservative influence. Though I wards the Hank nf the Unitod States. Sir,"i
ami it
bold to pay the expv
Nn mark, 1U 11
i |>rm
Hur>«* Ct
1 Rumllt* Spatlps,
l I/it W neg n Ruxc
7J nil ccs t iiMings,
V. . 11. ». l half 1.1. i,l Fi«h,
S.\ L. Augusta, 1 li.ul lun rcl Fish,
S, ] barrel, <i. Smith 1 box,
R. I bared Liqu -r. P. II 1 bnrrcl l.i
see nothing in common between the
to, and thd presont attitude of South Corolinn
[Mr. (-1 - A Y here Hind lie had admitted that tli
acta of South Carolina were much more •oilVuaive—
tlu measures of the States referred to were, ii
ciple, the same, though in degree widely dilYei
ho meant nothing—he lelt iiolhiug, in ujmlo"
South Carolina.]
i\lr^ IvI \ i.S continued —I nin not now di>
Mr. President, to moot these quest ion r with lh
Senator from Kentucky. Though there did h.
utiotts t<
THU v! \s 8 VMFORP.
BMICMIjrS TO BE MMLD.
TRAIIE SUBSCRIBERS, for tin; purposp
a ol ■lo’ir Imi.Iiic.b to n closr llii, Tull, nrc.rlllii,-
.iirihelr STOCK (IK HOUOS, nl Cottlor Cn-n
July II—'ll S I- \ N K( (1(1) .(( MI'CKNI' n
3AGGIMS. '
PIECES liusl Inverness Bugging
♦» . .•reived an I lot ►Ve bv
N. McGKIlEi:.
Milled jcvltlr, may 30, UM.
CBygean UiiioTsal Alididiic.4,
Of the British' College of Uralth—Lutulon.
PILLS, invented l>v Morrisnti,
mlapucj'tu nit (li.o (..-,
VoV\"l"Vy“'" '' '‘■“‘cimLKs'ilALlr
Mil'cUgeviltfi, luw** 97—
.S' UMJtlER CE O TBtIJS'Ge
J US T received nt the Milludguville Cloth-
lag Store, a fre<l, supoly of
iieitdi/ finite l’lo1k:ngy
fuitahle In' llu preveut .tu I appro whim; »a, ‘‘"ii-i'lltig afa
crertl variety ui Fr"dv G mg, <'*»n.e.-v, Dr.-w Lmts, ilo iml
Jackets, I'a •taliMiii.v, Vest*., Draw m s ami Si.irts, ;.!l ,.f ma-
ienaU.taMiion.iLlv: cut, itwl wuiranted made in <he very best
manner. a. t,. > All..
MilleJgeviUe. May 2
“’'hath.
"JUST received ut tliu Alilledgeville Olotli-
Tukc very particular notice of this Adver
tisement.
Illilic tun ( .".i,tii;l:< t!
the federal judiciary should have decided die acts
complained of to he constitutional, still the States,
as sovereign parties to the compact, would have
the right to judge, in the last resort, whether the
Compact had been pursued or not, to declare, in
the most solemn form, their opinions that the acts
in question arc uncostitutional, mid to invite the
co-operation, cacii of the others, in such measures j
ns should be necessary ami proper either to obtain I
a repeal of the offensive acts or procure an amend-1
input of the Constitution itselt. These are modes
of State interposition clearly within ilic limits of tliel V’1f I ”4ulg ,, "t tone in his nhscmi
Constitution. There mav be others also within the h"'i" 1 /• , ar ‘; 1 " ,a ’ "'"'hicli I emikl not svuip'i-
limits ot the Constitution. I am not prepared to khmo u "" I,Ib, ° ,,nv
pay that the States might not constitutionally, by’
tlio exercise of their acknowledged legislative,,
powers, on subjects clearly reserved to them, op-' i
pose very serious impediments of one sort or an-1 ^
other to the execution of unwarrantable measures 11
on the part of the General Government. In this j k
respect it is not easy to mark the exact limit of the ! a
rights of the States; and as in the case of the priv- j v
ilcges of Parliament in England, high considera
tions of policy may require that they should U
loft undefined. Put one thing is certain: a Htati
an never, as Houtfi (Carolina has done, (Jnectly &
rjpl!
-Q i
st tr.ulint:
formally annul a law of the United States, without | quentiv
iilier in principl
nurse of \ irgmia and Ohio on ihe occasim
to, and the conduct of .South Carolina, I
much disputed to co operule with the I
Senator in tin* rtlbrt now l<» adjust this most
ing question to raise any points of in*, dl.
kion between up. Ini'
accord—Hint l)ie corn!
Ver may lie its true e.h
Blade to doing justice
concerns the interests
federal’ v as of lhut Stale.
Put, sir, the proceedings of niv Slat,
of far higliel import,nice, Imv
• no thiii]
idol' South i
trader, prese
in a matter u
of otlur mem
a 12 ud-
er 1 t i'l I v <•
ia whale
properob
rMiiFi: is
the I nited Slates, within her own limits,
. there, the rneasuro would receive its iu 1Y
plde died hv the separate and independent
Virginia. Such ineasuren, therefore, must
n cniiitoiiplated l»y tlio resolutions of Yir
; lihoiigh adopted separately by each of the
i the in, eptinii, were yet to have their final
mud their respective Inoils, in lieinir direct-
"RDtion cdtjeci, for the allaiunient of whi
oti hi
M/C
lilt)
I'll "III
-the cat
' rejietil
ve protests against llte.r mi
ons |o the representatives
e, direct reinoiistram-es t<
r modes of inlei p >sili,-n a:
ligildu to lirimr the puhli
That
glit were to be
constilutiniialily
nl lln» Stales ii
Males t., bear, with unite
ot the l i,ion.
'I Ite i in purl fi nt question whic
Vir i . resolutions ,,t .. j n «i
dr**W might t»e justifiahlu in extr
principles of natural right, but
State interposition were dreme,
the Constitution itself. Pennies
P"int lurifihlied by a prop*-r alte
Ives, as jiiht evplnil
tl,
might he det
opinion of the |
i ts arisen
dial mode
vital i
o be cu
and i
>01*1)1 c
L nited States, and forbids in like u*rttetf, thfi fit-
fishing of any copy of n record to proscoute •uob
an appeal. 'J’itesM uroviMinns, also, should be effec-
jlunlly counteruded. The judicial power of \\iM‘
1 nited States, which is expressly declared to eztsnd'
in all cases in law or equity arising under the Con
stitution or laics of the United Stales would indeed,,
he a mischievous mockery if it could not bo made Ur
reach cases ot this description. I would therefor#
declare, as tlio bill declares, that tlio jurisdiction t»f
tlio circuit courts of the United Staten ahull extend
1o all cases rising under the rcccnue laws of the
l nited Stales—that all suits or controversies of that
character may be removed, as the third section of the
bill provides, from the State to the United States'
Courts, on the p titinn of the defendant, and that if
a copy oi the recoul be refused, it may be supplied'
by oilier means or secondary evidence. In regard’
to those clauses the bill which provides for the re
moval of the Custom House, as has been significant*
ly and properly said, out of hurm’s tray, and for re
quiring payment of duties in cash, deducting inter-
e-t, where it is apprehended llmt the payment of the
bond would be sought to be prevented and thus cut
ting otl in their source, controversies of a very deli—
cate and dangerous character, they are conceived in 1
;t laudable spirit of peace, and 1 can see no well’
founded objection to them. The provisions aro in
general terms, applying alike to ull portions oi* tbo
country, in oulb ol unlawful obstructions to the col-'
lection of Lite revenue. W henever, and wherever,
such obstructions shall urise, the luw uppliss* its
remedy. If, in point of fact, it should at present
apply to Smith Carolina only, the luult will be hers,
m opposing unlawful obstructions which exist no
where cls'e, and not that of the luw, which is equal 1
umi general in its provisions.
The art of calling hard nathr.s, Mr. Prtsideui, Ha#'
exhausted all its resources on the unfortunate billou
table. Hut, sir. this is no novelty in our polit--
Unt Will,]
ical history, as the similur and hoc less violent ds-
the evidence on this nnncialhms of* the act for enforcing the embargo,
to tlio i .lurin.r Mr
(inclusive
(■Midi is k
that bod
the 7lh l
ad by tin
. have l
ted, tiiy question
rquent report of 0‘J,
rawn bv lim pen of
■ giniu Le-
lulions ot’ 'tks were
testimony.
his fer
Hill, u.
which i
derthe
The report,
"pi«
TLlE'-l
inn Store, a I resit supply
W tile II \TS,ol line «|ti tfily.
.Us »,a lew p.eces ui DRY
U )iiil».,zine#, Ri.»\vu umi While
S at tee it, III irk Silk (Jamb lei. >
w 11 «* 11 sv . i« • «ol«l low,
lasltio
GODS.
able Ulacfc, Drab umi
Black nn J Gr
0 • EORGIA, Laurens County.—Whureas
W I, Si, i Intel. Fl •>(!, >li<l. snine time in hn* moot It ol June
hi'liteil slid |.it, .ii
me lot ly tloll.ir* i
e.tliat il the lot \ots
(■ l.y li.c (-ii-
I i- n \nItuilili* mu',
ml Ini ui.rn ulll'i'i-
mr It nun Irilcr. up!
UilALK K1.UVU.
TEACHERS MEETING.
rHI i I E Teachers of I’utnniu county, lira i n-
H spretfully requeMetl to meet at the .Male Academy in * -
t into,>, "it S lut’ilay the 27ill ol .1 uly next. Lir the purpose oi»r-
t;.t liim^ a So iety to promou- their inierests nmt impr..\ emcMit.
All are ivqueMeillo uUettd. Aa Address or two u ill be ilelutr-
til. ADI EL SIIKIIWHUO,
K ilonlon, July 4-f» .». W. ARMSTRONG.
” JIcpui i la tf a 1'em file School,
scorTsBORoecm, Ga.
npmi r rincijuils of this 1 nstitution, grote-
jL till for the ver.. liberal mat,tier it, whirl, their labors tlur-
in^ the Inst let to. have been reu ttnleil, hope that their limit *• el-
CONGRESSIONAL,.
speech or sin. rives,
OK VIRGINIA,
In tlir Srnntc if the I’nita! States, Flh. 14, 1 "00—un
the bill further to /wucUlc for the collection of ilutics
on Imjiurts—Co N c lc n £ u.
I have thus, Mr. President, reviewed the funda
mental tcncuts of that new school of constitution
al law, which has sprung up within the last four or
five eventful years of our political history. I hove
endeavored to show that they have no foundation
whatever in any just view of the constitution—
that they aro directly at war, with the contempora
ry understanding and expositions of its founders,
and that they derive no countenance u hatover from
the principles of that genuine republican school,
which ro-cstabhshed the constitution in its purity,
after the temporary preversions to which it had
been subjected. These modern doctrines, 1 do
firmly believe, aro, in their tendency utterly sub
versive of that happy system of government, the
preservation of which is not only the sole security
lor liberty with its, but the last hope of freedom
throughout the world. It in the depth of these
! convictions, 1 shall have fallen into a warmer tone
I of discussion than is my habit, it will be attributed,
I trust, to its true cause, and not to any want of
Mr. VICTOR I, \TASTK.
vlll I
instruction Imiii tin* Messrs. Lat.tsie, in theoretic Mu
ingtltettriul Ii nicer in,', rules nl musical composilioii, 4cc. mtlie-
ing acquainted with w liiclt, the | tip'll will la) t n allied to play
any piece ol new ituisie w ilhottl the ttitl nl’a loaclter.
On t It* sunn* day ut e.icl, wees, Led in is mi A^tronmuy, inclu
ding lie* Miiuti mi nl asimiiunticiii problem:, oil the Globe*, am
Moral i’ltilutuphy, will be dc'ivt ml to the pupils ol litis Insti
trieiiil* in v isii ihe iii»..i .iiuii o.. Fri
its exercises.
July 11—31
t.J(i 'f mid .Vigil f School.
C TEORliE L. BAKER lias cuntnHMtct'il I
W a School fur ynuug Indie* Hint small hoy », ill the lio ise til
lilt’back of toe new Ma*miic IIhiI.
He utiilerinkes to teach the umi.,1 branches of an K11Kli-h ei
ca ti, ui: iteai I ing. Sp. Ring, Wrilii.v, Aril Itmei ic, (. i aunicn , t.
jrapny, llislury , Roiany, (Jhemisliy ,Aslio, om>,ami liie Let
HIS PRICL8 ARK,
For Spelling and RemJ.uk'. a dull .sper quarter.
Will, Writing and Ariliimelir, 4 ito do
Adi 1 llniiiim ir amt Geography, 5 do do
Auror All of ihcnthcr xiudh s 7 do «lo
Tuition io I'i.iuo Forte «.nMc, and Tuniiig, v. ill be aitt u !e,
by his Soil at the u -uul pi ito.
A Ain Id School for young men is nl
I ept in i'm* same home. Ii commences at early c ■. dle-liylit.
j-ct.Yie l.o
of Satunhi)
v It II i
"day.
NOTE CIS.
THE FRANKLIN FACTORY,
HJEEENTLY fstntilishuil in Upson conn
Ii'ii'ivmiwli' ntui 1'xpcrii‘ticcd | proper respect or hind feeling towards the mcm-
I bers, one and all, of this l.ocly.
i Sir, wo live in times when it is a solemn duty
! which every man owes his country to speak his o-
! pinions without disguise or equivocation, even at
ihe risk of giving ulfeuce to some u! those whom
1 it would be his greatest pleasure, ns well as liigh-
,, [ est ambition, to content in all tilings, I have been
(i I already admonished, sir, that a sword is at this mo-
| ment suspended over my head, which may descend
| and sever the worthless thread of niv political ex
istence for 1110*1101 of public duty i am now per
forming. Sir, if it should he so 1 shall have at
I least one consolation, the ednseiousnoss ot having
p- j Cullen in tlio defence of tlio Constitution of my
country, and of that liberty which is indissolubly
connected with it.
Sir, I take leave to say that there breathes not the
man who is more devoted than 1 am to the mainte
nance of the just rights of the Stales. It is in that
faith that I was brought up, and in that faith 1 shall
continue to the last. It is in the salutary influence
and power of the States under distinct and organ
ized forms Ilf action, and the wise partition of pow
er established between them and the authorities of
the Union, that our system possesses guarantees
and advantages unknown to any other which ever
existed, idm, the gentlemen who have claimed to
be the special champions ot State rights here, np-
to have a much more limited idea of those
a i it. Kn y.tii.ii.u.u,
I In*
rgi»,7 milt’s South ol Tliomnsiun,
utwl vwmpMtf oper.uioo, un,ti*rltii‘'it'm > ciion of mi «b »* K*-\pw\-
•Ttri il m tit Tliii tMiitjlisliiiifnl, uniting »»* il ,1"**** (In* *'ui-
v.intaip-s ui lilacliiiu*ry, ntui firht r.iti* w uirr i"*w < r. is
not inlci i<>r pi-rli.ip', io Hity oilier oftli** kiu*l in Die smitlieni
HiTt'nii* of the I n,tnt States. The proprietor^ Im' <’ *;mreil uei-
[ker trouble or vxpenst: 11 render llieir Factory worthy olpuh-
• id patrumiKe, a liher.,1 -haie ol wtnrh they c.intideiiilv aiitici-
P'de. All onliMS for COTTON YARNS, ofnny quality, Iron,
Die lint**I to i he coarsest. \v ill be tha.il.luily r«-«-»-ived a ml |*i ompt-
atleiidedto. U. 11. I'LRRV if Co.
f ruwkliu Factory, June 17—Sot ____
~TTlETiraTc ; T f UT)«
the Mediciil College of the State of
’ " South Carolina, v\ ill he commenced outbe bt’coml Mon-
unyof Noveuilo:r next.
The Hoard Id Trustee* of the Institution nppointed by the
Leeiftlalure, rimsists u f the followine ne-mheis: —
Hon. C. .1. Colcni’k, President; Rev. Ja*per Adtmis, D D. Se-
r 'etiiry ; llou. \v. Dr tylnn ’, Hon. U 1. I'mckney; lion. Sam. Pn-
o'enu; lion. Kliis Horry, Nathaniel Heyward; *lt J. Turn-
Uu| l; -Mitchell Knit;; Jacob Ford ; mid II. A. De^aussure. K*qs,
• if,... « t Iliiniilton in the pf *■* ,J '-
iol ll.J.'
_r*ihull,Ksq.de
ceased. " *••••••• •••- r ,,,v -
TUe IVnfesxnrs are —
Df At,atomy,.JOHN Kl>NV \RDS HOLBROOK, M.D.
'.JOHN WMINEII, M
' and Practice oi Me lii
Dl Stirio
01 Iusliti
SON, m. D.
Of Obstetrics und Diseases of Women ami Infants, THOMAS
fir „ o phiolkaf.
hM w edirn, IIKNRY R. FROST, M- D.
o’niiMry, KI)MI'Nl) IUVKNKL, M. D.
’’ 1 hydology, J AMK 1 1
UemoiHiirttorof Anal . ,, a....
(•liiiicat Lectures will he given
i, nt tlm Aim* llouseand Muriae Hospital, by
and NVnener
SAM. IIKNRY DICKSON, M. P D»-
‘ ' rhdds tlian I have. Tlmy speak of State rights as
if they .consisted exclusively in the right <0 c.ppo-
ii)ir acts of the general government. But, Sir, ac
cording to my notion ol thorn, they comprehend all
riwlits of political power, whatever not delegated
to’tlie United States, all such being expressly re
served by the Constitution to the respective States.
But it is asked, where is the security lor those
riiflils? In the first place, the Constitution evi
dently intended tu provide, injlio organization ot
the General Government itselt, important securi
ties against encroachments on the reversed powers
of the States. This body itself, representing, as it
does the States in their co-equal and sovereign
characters, was especially intended to guard the
rights of the Stales against invasion from the fed
eral authority. Elected us its members arc by the
Legislatures ot the States, and responsible to
thorn, it could not be doubted that they would be
SAM. IIKNRY DICK- ] animated with a watchful und jealous sensilnlity to
the rights of their constituents. One halt co the
States as represented in this body, though embrac-
an open departure from the Constitution & a total
renunciation of all its obligations*
The moral interposition of the Statr
I have spoken, Air. President, resting on the
force of reason, and appeals to public opinion, will,
I am persuaded, be found sufficient to redress eve
ry real grievance in the practical operations of our
system, whenever it shall be resorted to by imv re
spectable number of Slates, though short of a ma
jority of the whole. The success of this consti
tutional remedy, does not merely depend on its in
trinsic force, however great that must be in every
free government; but it derives a decisive efficacy
from the knowledge of those ulterior, though dor
mant remedies which lie in the hands of the States,
above anil beyond the. Constitution. 1 refer, Sir, to
those natural rights and powerful means of soil’
defence and active resistance which tlio Stales
possesses in their complete municipal organiza
tions, civil and military. It is in this view, that, in
all the contemporary discussions on the adoption
of the Constitution, the State Governments were
constantly referred to as “alfurding, in every /ws-
sibte conlingenci/, a complete security against inva
sions of tlio public liberty by the federal authori
ty.” (Fed. .Vo. 2d.) They wore to bo ultimately
not only tbo voice, but if necessary the arm, of the
public discontent.—(Fed. .Vo. ‘dti.J The advanta
ges they possessed through their civil and military
organizations, for “combining all the resources of
the community in a regular plan of opposition,”
•'uf communicating with one another, and uniting
their common forces fur the protection of their
common liberty”—“ for collecting the public will
and directing tlio public force,” ull these advanta
ges and means of self defence, on the part of the
States, wore constantly referred to, and insisted
on, as demonstrating the extreme improbability of
any serious attempt, by tbo General Government,
upon the liberties oi' tlio people or the States, and
the certain triumph of the public cause, should
such an attempt bo made. The remedies here al
luded to, are clearly revolutionary—“above and
beyond the Constitution.” They are such as, I
do firmly believe, there never will bo any occasion,
in the progress of our system,to call into exercise
But their potential existence is of value, us giving
u certain cflieucy to the moral remedies which are
within the limits of the Constitution, whenever
those milder remedies shall bo resorted to by any
respectable portion of the States; and it is in that
view I now refer to them.
There is another extra-constitutional remedy for
tho ultimate vindication of tlio rights of the States,
(when they shall have been dungeruusly and pre-
scvcringly assailed) which also deserves to be
borne in mind as adding to the force and efficacy
of those constitutional remedies, of which 1 have
spoken as resting on the moral influence of reason
and opinion. This remedy deserves to be so much
the more considered'in tins connection, because,
tlmtigh extra-constitutional, it is at the same time
peaceful and complete. One-half ot the States,
whenever fundamental invasions of their rights by
the General Government, shall seem to them to
justify, it may peacefully suspend its operations by
simply declining to perform the function assigned
to them of electing Senators, ns in that case, the
majority requisite to constitute a quorum of one
branch of the Legislature, essential to the integri
ty of the Government, would be wanting. This
opinion, at least, has been expressed by the high
est judicial authority in the Union. I refer to what i|, H s **»t
was said by the distinguished Chief Justice of the <ueru I
Supreme Court, in the famous case of Cohen vs. change,
Virginia.
Wit!) all these means of ultimate practical con
trol, resting in the hands of the States, it cannot
he presumed that their solemn remonstrances, in
the character of sovereign parties to the constitu
tional compact would bo long disregarded by tlio
government of the Union. It is true that neither
tlio complaints nor tho opposition of a single Stale,! of Virginia in
might carry with them a decisive influence. But | linns, eight in
if the usurpation or the (grievance complained of
were a serious one, tlio denunciations of it would
not be confined tu a single Slate. Others would
unite—their concurring appeals, bottomed on rea
son and justice, would be sustained by a growing
public sentiment in tho mass of the nation, and to
this progressive moral power, enforced &. strength
ened us I have shown, by otiicr considerations, tlio
councils of tho Union must always ultimately yield.
It was thus, Sir, in the great struggle of ’118 and
‘HD in relation to the Alien and Sedition Laws,
which fell beneath the moral power of the States
as the pioneers und organs of public opinion. The
lalutary efficacy of that same moral power has al
(S lo in the cnurtiH ui ti.
justify llm pifsiMit prorertlin.s of
Smith Carolina, that I may lo excused for t-.iyii;^
f which ! ‘d them. Wlint, then, wan the rmnluct
of Yiririui.'t in ihe memorable er.i of ’2W and TD
.She solemnly j) rat rah il iwj.iiiiHl llm alien and sedition
1 ns palpable and nlnrmiim infrae.lion* of tlio
Constitution”—Hit cimuiunictio-d that protest to
the oilier Stales of lIn* Union, and enrnr.-llv uppmil-
d to them to unite with her in a like declaration,
that this deliberate and solemn expression of the
opinions of the Stales, as parties to llm constitution-
impact, should have its proper elVeet on the
councils of the nation mi procuring u revision and
peal of tin' ohnoiioiia acts. 'This was “ the head
d front of her ottendiiijr—no more.” The svh.de
object of the procvedinjr was, by the peactful foce
of public opinion embodied through tlio « • ot
the State Legislatures, to obtain a repeal of lliu
laws in question—not to oppose or lo arrest tiiti.
execution \\ bile they remained uurepealed. That
this was the true spiritand real purpose of llu pro
ceeding is abundantly manifested by tlio whole of
tho able debate which took place in the Imgialutius
of the State on tlio occasion. All the speakers who
advocated the resolutions which were finally adopted,
distinctly placed them on that legitimate, constitu
tional ground, I need only refer to i be emphatic decla
ration of John Taylor, of Caroline—till* distinguish
ed mover und able champion of the resolutions.—
lie said “ the appeal was lo public opinion-- if that
A fie
lain re
n l then a member of
newiiig that part ol jmd lo make the
I, which refers to tlio
to be taken by the
.-Ii oilier hi muinlain-
ho “ uiiltin lhc limits
Ruling tliut u ’I t c I a ra
il i e u ricuu slitutiu 11 ul t! if
ipi * ..I to other States
of
3 tail
the report als
' th
lemons!ranee of the I.
th
Const ilnltun
a like cliarac
islalures ol tlio
•specli v
d«
y alUcnUumnl o l^the [ lutely nefi
i themselves t • Uon- | t| tH custody
’ ** i"' r l
buhly lo tlm
com-ideratit
id to h
the si
ail lunstiiiitioutilltj open It
position :
onstilu-
r I ales, we
i.” Asti
the measures of Stale ini
" within tlie limit* of’ the
Deification here made must be
: to a well known rule oi’ interpretation
..i the minds of the writer and thouv
tin- itymi, ..idMs not specified fron
• mm!rs oi islale inleiposi
oil,
• utile I'
, they
ol re
:• t 1)0
is against us, wo must yield.’ T
was avowed and maintained by every fiiend of the
resolutions throughout the debate.
Hut,sir, the real intentions and policy of Virginia
were proved, not by declarations and speeches mere.-
ly, hut by facts. If there ever was a law odious to
a whole people Ly its daring violation of the funda
mental guarantees of public libel ly, the freedom of
sy-erli and freedom of the press, it was the se
dition law to the peo pie of Virginia. Yet amid all
this indignant dissatisfaction—after llm solemn pro
test of the Legislature iu ’LW, ami the renew al of that
protest iu 'DO—-this most odious A arbitrary law was
peaceably carried into execution in the Capital of tho
State hy the prosecution and punishment of Callen
der, wlm wus fined and imprisoned lor daring lo
canvass the conduct of our public men, (as Lyon
and Cooper had been el&ew here.) and was still ac
tually imprisoned when the Legislature assembled
in December 1800. Notwithstanding the excited
sensibility of the public mind, no popular tumult,
no legislative interference disturbed in any manner
the full and peaceable execution of the law. The
Senate will excuse me. I trust, for calling tor at
tention to a umst forcible commentary on the true
character of the Virginia proceedings of’DSaud '! !*,
(na illustrated in this transaction,) which was con
tained the olVicial communication of Mr. Monroe, then
Governor of the Slate, to the Legislature al its as
sembling in December !?0(). Alter referring to the
distribution which had been ordered to he made
among the people of Mr. Mad.h m’s celebrated Ji.**.
port'-l ’!»]*, he savs—“ In connection with this sub
ject, it is proper lo add that, since votir hist session,
the sedition law, one of the nets c >.o;dained t.f. has
been carried into etlVct in this common wealth by
the decision of a federal court. J notice this event,
not with a view of censuring or criticising it. Tim.
transaction has gone lo tile world and llm impartial
will judge of it as it deserves. I notice il 1 ■ «r tlm
purpose of remarking that the dec. ion was execut
ed with the same order and tranquil sul)..ii>smu on
pari of the people, as coilld have been shewn by
ii on u similar occasion, to any tlm most neces-
tittiiiouul and popular acts of the govern
umse cj ircun costs ol governmental abuse or nsur
palion,'. wlm li would justify a resort to original
rights paramount to uli couautuiions.
otr, it ha. been sometimes tauntingly said that i
llm V irginia rcsolulioiis meant nothing more than Li
assert a right of interposition on the part of tin
Stales, by declaring an act of Congress Uiiconslilu
tmoal, and founding thereon appeals to the otlm*
blateg, us well us to tlm General Government, the
able reasoning ol Mr. Madison a report was usulust.
!)' expended in maintuining a right which no one
would contest. Hut, Sir, this i.ght wus formally
and explicitly contested by ull llm slates which re
turned answers H» the resolutions of Virginia, with
if Kentucky only. Let gentlemen
answers given by the legislature* of Del
I Im excep
look at ili
aware, New York, Ci
Hacliusetts, New Il.llilji:
will h.-u that tliia right
all — llistL they all conli
lit
III
«ury,eon
melil
pie of (II I
to their o
America.
The GHiierol
uniimonwealth ha
o support of a cam
one, by the stand u
Mils they expresses
jveriiment; hut lh
lint respect, to i
ibly and the good pc«
ve acquitted ihetnsel v
tl to their brethren i
•mI <;
■ ..I Jilt
I ilure,
lilulioi
th.
such
lahty '
ticul, Klioile Island, Mas-
re and Vermont, and they
is boldly denied by them
■ •d that tlm right of pro*
constitutionality of aeis nl’ (In*
cfil, was exclusively vested in tlm
and that a deelaratmu by a stale
us \ irgiiiiu lias made, of the un-
f an act of Congress, was an un-
lel'cnce witll liiu constituted au-
ilpih have
utterly id
• lit i
i*n made
worlhh
parhcul
hut U> nr
a tlm true prm
idyiiiL its ex pres
is found udeqtia
• iisurpuli
•, to decry this
iu practice. J
» remark that the exer-
*iHJ, by rallying public
!*•» of the conslitvitmn.
n in impoMing organized
not only to correct the
irodu
ii.iiiistrati
id still |»r*
heareonln
eonstilntn.
I the gover
f the Lnieni
cli I have also had
d testimony to tlm
reined it .. Mir, ill
11..
vill ever hi* attended
ite prejudice, cnnlin
who
trine
I ihe alien and sedition acts,
• Iuiiduiimiital revolution iu
iment. 'J’lm stri-
of public opinion
mi the subject of
jccHHioii l<» notice,
oilice of llm same
• .-stem like ours,
oral mr. e of public opinion, il is
ot. I am persuaded, that will he
il; white violent and nnnoiislitu-
is, like that of South (’.iroliuu, j tent
with danger of reaction, ox
m toe obstinacy of power, ant,
s hi the way of relief.
to gentlemen from the aoutli
•nl to the C'oiisliliilional t..»c
rished in that quarter of llu
, and ask. \vIn
;.air of the n o
ultimate ;
vi11<‘11 they
they
of these
’ have lo
chut
and
' the ,
opinion,
nl nice
, not to
chilli thei
d lor
pul
l In
■ |nii>ii<
I unt!i
I'd th.
IS he
, by the patrii
Jefferson’s administration, bear ample
My worthy colleague, (Mr. Tyler,) iu-
J ehupieuce, denominated it a Jiutuny May
founded Ins denunciation on the clause
tlmrizes tlm .Marshal, in certain cases, un—
iieclion of the Judge of the District to pro-
•onvcMient place to serve us a temporary jail,.
►.sary provisions for the ufw>
keeping of prisoners committed under the authority
of the United Stales. Now, sir, let us enquire what
was llm motive of this provision. Heretofore, iu
►Smith Carolina as in the other states,"persons arrest
ed or committed under the authority of the United
►‘■'tales, have been confined in the jails of tbs state.
Hut by her recent legislation, South Carolina ha*
fork % .'on under very high penalties, tho use of hsr
public jails to the United States, und has moreoWr,.
prohibited uli private persons under p*in ut line sndi
imprisonment, from hiring or letting any place,
building, to be used us a jail, by the Uuit-
tales. In this state of things, it became abso-
ary lo make some other provision for
f debtors and others, who might be ar
rested or committed uiwier llm authority of the Unit
ed (Slate..; and that provision is made in the very*
words of a resolution of CnngreSs of the 3d March,.
I i. ! , parsed to provide for the case of u failure, on
the pat t of' any of llm Stales, to comply with a pre
vious recommendation of Congress, respecting the
use of their jails by the United States, fly what
process a provi i 'ii ho wimple and natural oan bo*
metamorphosed into a Hotany Hay Hill, I am at a
loti.) to conceive, as 1 think my honorable colleague,,
when he comes to review it more calmly, will be not.
less nt a loss to explain.
Hut, sir, tlm moat vehement denunciations have-
he ni directed ug.iinsl llmse clauses of llm bill, which*
authorize the employment of military force, ia c*i«-
tuiu cases, to repel attempts by force lo obstruct th#‘
execution of llm laws. \Ve have been told, that if
is umi,ini; tear upon. South Carolina. Now, sir, while
1 i\ j nut concur in tlm policy of these provisions, at
the prcscut moment, for reasons which I wheJI pres
ently slate, l utterly deny the iustneas of tbits quali
fication of the bill, ns well us llm principle o» wkicU
it wus founded., Tlmro is no proceeding whatever,.
10 nnv part of this alfair, wgaiust youth Carolina.—
• j Tlm Government of the United States, in the exe
cution of the laws, can have no proper reference to.
Slates. Il acts upon individuals, not upon tfUleg,
us l have already had occasion abundantly to shew ;
and tlm CoiiHtituf.ion of the United flutes, when it
declared that nothing in the Constitution vr lain of r
11 particular State, should control the United Htales,
has not permitted llm laws of the United States to
enquire it' opposition to them is, or is not authorised'
by a particular Jitute. If the laws be opposed by
combinations too powerful to be overcome in the or
dinary course of judiciul proceedings, there iu tiro
same rights under llm Constitution, to execute the
lata by calling in the aid of the military power,,
whether such combinations bo authorized by a law
ol' tlm State, (which llm Constitution lius declared in
such n case to be a nullify,) or whether they be
purely voluntary. 1 have not, then, the slightest?
dillicully in regard to the right and power oftli#
Government to employ the physical three of llm
country, iu u case like the present, if il should Im
necessary. I am also aware that the provisions iu'
the hill now alluded to, are strictly defensive, mi-
ilmming force only lo repel force; that, amended
as limy have been, they give a fur loss extensive
power over the military three, than was given du- -
ring the administration of .Mr. Jefferson, for the en-
Ibreement of llm embargo, and that in fact, they’
gi ve no power of that sort which does not already
exUL under the acts of ’'.Kj and l«l)7. I have like-
wise, tlm fullest confidence, not only in the discre
tion, hut iu the scrupulous forbearance, with which
jiuy powers proposed to he vested by this hill in lb#
Chief Magistrate, will he used. Hut I foresee that
the introduction of these provisions in the bill, while-
unnecessary, if my view of the acts of ,( J5 und 1807
he correct will In* industriously, and to a certain ex-
ccessf'ully used as a topic to nitlamo the jeal
ousies, und mislead the sympathies of n generous
people, and lo add lo the irritation and excitement
already unhappily existing in a large section of tha;
Union. 1 would makff no new [Jtovisioii of this sort
therefore, till an overt act bus been committed.—
And then. I verily believe with Mr. Jeiferson, that
a Ueoublicuii Government would shew itself as
strong, in a good cause, us any on earth. ” At tlie
call of tlm luw, every man would fly to the standard
of tic law, und the defence of public order would-
be con -.'.'erred by every citizen us his individual cou-
-vliioli ought to lie !>•■«
Use on l and disunion, >
ii is thus, sir, that the men of ’38 and then
understood tln irown proceedings, ami thullim hon
ored few, who survive, still understand them. Let
us now, sir, look at the lanyua^c of Ihe proceeding*
themselves, and see if that I ml/ warrants any other
construction. The proceeding* of tlm Leg,*!;,]ur.*
wasteful t"
slituli'-nal *•
a* he is hi.II
n try
nuer, arrewt-
emlitnrH fur
• not nobly
ed of
of re
(the
umhe
ie that has he
llm light of
lu-
wind
led ti
lo tin
J'litie S.
July ll_i\
TO THE JPI BSEIV.
\ K “iM ^ZlMrpin of ready inanilested itself in tlio must e„c< | Zl^ryZS^rn
■ f 4 i , jtj.,.i States have it in their manlier, in relation to that sjstcm ot policy whicl Hac |, fi>r co-opcrutinir with
j tlie people of (lie i plTis i,,: v0 measure wliicli is the present subject of our remonstrances and; unimpairwl tlm amhornies
Power »° arrMl . B,, y t] lSroscrv- * rompla nts. II..ve we not seen, in the Nortli, tlm ,. r vmJ lo tl.. Stale. r..|.e.i
, should seem to them to inlringe upon llieir reserv eom n in . .
power
should seem to . . i , ni .; fl i 0 i„ w
ed powers. Here, then, we have not only one sc-1 heoislatur.
curit v for tho rights of the States, hut an otucient: A
check to the domination of that numerical majority | ar
REl’ORT has been cireulnted tliroi.p'li ] w)lir |, has, of lute, been so frequently held up to, iiiiiun.'
tiie.cnumrybyAiRON searcy, nr.Miiiciiicviiic.ciii.ri! j ; e .i 0 „ sv and denunciation u! the States.
The President, also, is elected by the;“ ««!«
ttRjtecB in their political capacities; the votes al^und to
i-s, mid oi wlitcii l (ii.oama nM-in-.i cncli State bciiiir m a t onipound r. ti ,
aiders them partly us distinct uiffi co-equal seciu-
ties partly as unequal members ot the same socie
ty Boin<r thus chosen by the States, he cannot
be supposed to be indffieront to their riffhts ; and
the Constitution has armed linn with « ee/o, which
the experience of our political history, and espe
cially of tlio last four years, has shewn may be el-
foctuallv wielded lor tl.eir defence.
But if all tbe branches of the federal legisla
ture, the President, Senate, and House ol Repie-
sentatives, should concur in the passage ot an un
constitutional measure, there is still another resort
within the pale of the General Government itself.
The Judiciary, holding their offices by an mdepend-
•i ’tie wiili Piiticiug aw.iy, or titteniptins to carry otl’, —
•'Sroep. Such repot t Is Itiibeami uitlmut RrouiiiU; ami I
c H r ®S ®«A rc J orsnyone eUstonmke
‘»'t<lpti Hilly, it |,e i)rof»’t.Rt*s himb.’lt
I‘; o,n, iiwniiy ill which he lives, mu
ll, v,n ^ ,c Ale il* l,\ws »ml to ofter suj»poil to lE
richt.s i»| its riiueus,by makim* lit.*, charge n so’.'ject mailer
' jailicinl invesiijjation. I invite Inin so to »lo. I i »l I s •' ••"'D
•• U so —if it Leu base staailei/ltie coninmiiilv ntu-i know
u . 0 ^rifiiiHiedit. WILLIAM HUDSON.
.July If—at*
A LUW IN County, Georjtm—Tolled be-
'“re 'ns l.y William (irirt.dl «l»-321»l Ji.tiicl (1. M ; »n
. tirny Filly, with n lijnck mane mitt tail, •! teel E inlie-* tush.
*** r ' o a Uiiv last vnrintf ; »n;*rt\ised by Jttliu It. o-iuo ne anti
•('(lli.n e, Ketil nlSO (loll’r.. E. UUTLEll, J. r.
; lri f-eitri(ct frum ihe E.tray Bool.,Sd.Iuly. mis. , ,,
-UlilJI—3» K.NSOM II. SMITH. 0. 1.0.
A LL persons are hereby l'orwiiriied Ironi
’’aulinj any timber oilier than are allowed by law, “
, M »5 UfMiTinii.q'vii: lot No. 251. in the Rd Hi
l-’Ui Lee, No. I OR, in tlie 16t I* Lee, .No. tui. u
** oup count)*, n» the la"' " ill be eoforceii,
~ ’
«*» a-u.
‘Uurii
U 11.LIAM S.Ml l U, J(.
ot Maine, of New-Uainpsliiro, and
... York, one after another, responding toting
guineiitative appeals of the Southern States, and j lion, that
with them in demanding an essential mod- 1
of the existing Tariff, hi the centre of
(he Union likewise, the altered tono of Pennsyl
vania gives ns assurance uf an auspicious change
of opinion already commencing there. In these
results, duo alone to the inoral force of the remon
strances and appeals which liuvc proceeded from
ihe Southern States, we have a certain guarantee
of the speedy redress ot the inequality, and injus
tice of which they have complained.
Lot us contrast with this tlie effects which have
been produced by tlie violent and illegal opposition
of South Carolina. Have we not all soon arid lelt
that the altitude of open hostility lo the authority
of the Union, assumed by that State, is tlio great
obstacle to the present adjustment of this distract
ing question. Is it not tlio objection constantly
urged by tlioso otherwise manifesting llm best dis
positions fur justice and conciliation? The Hon.
TIih third resolution
u iuo.il frequently M|H>'
ihe States, as parlies
compact, in faxes </i n deliberate palpable a
geruus exercise by the General Government
era not granted by the compact, ‘* t*» iulerj
arresting the progress of tliu evil, and fi»r m
ing, within llieir respective limits, tin* an
rights and liberties appertaining to them,
seventh resolution after exnres*ing ihe v.
Inclimeut of the people of Virginia t>» U
ill.tl the ( ’oust it litinri proceed*—“the Gen
semhly doth solemnly appeal to the like di.sj
in tin* other States, io confidence that they v.
cur with this Comiwnwea llii in declaring
does hereby declare, that the act* aforesaid,
ulien &. sedition nets) 'hire unconstitutional
lensureu will he tab
this State in mum
, right* and libt-rt
lively or lo tlie pi
Now, sir. il is a lurvdumentul rule of interpn
regard loads and documents of every <1
rder to arrive at their true
d meaning, the whole must he taken to
the pari* must In. construed in reference lo each
other. The two resolutions ju*l cited then, most
he considered in connexion with each other The
former asserts the right of the Slates to intrrpn. 1
Jar iiiuintnininy the anlhoritits, rights and hfjirtiis
appertaining tu the rtspnlict States. Hut in what
manner, by what measures are these rights and lib
erties of the States lobe maintained The latter ol
the two resolutions gives the answer—“ l> / neces
sary and proper measures to he taken by each l««r co
operating with Virginia in maintaining unimpaired j g
the authorities, rights and liberties reserved, ’ Ac.
The measures were to he not only nt assort/ umi pro -
per, hot such as admitted ol co operation, measures
lobe “taken by each for rQ-opcrating with Virgmia
in maintaining,” Ac. This language obviously ex
cludes all measures, which have theirfull umi nun-
/title effect within the limits of the respective States.
Kentucky could not, for example co-opt rate, with
Virginia in an act by which Virginia should nullify
■ top,
hi-iiply l"
of which
with io* v
ally p.
While I 1
tdy,fo,
ot' till*
fit
mutual dele
liarity of on
rendered III'
the
it tl
ml As. |
laiioii,
escrip-
;ether,
.11
rittiuiH ot those principle i
n flue nee of opinion, und bj
lazard not oniy llieir trinm
mr institutions themselves
1 now, Mr.
i of what w
■ c piescut circumstances
ere to separate without
• melhing eflectu ;l I . In
ithorily of the lav.*, tli
ntun would be them .-forv
nr oath* lo support tl
ii lie* to our country (
ms, is entitled also to un n/t,
emand, at our hands, props
for the
etc el'll I
ll vi
etude
Id he
state very
j)ou lo do i 11
try. If icc
tiling, ami
to vindicate the despised
the 'Government und Ihe
hr ward virtually dissolved.
( 'institution—our highest
Inch , ha ving a right to equal.
ention of them)
e flee tun I provis-
jueslion. My
• ot
i.’tual «
j.uply thi*—l would lake up
licaiion, I won!d examine it in
apply to everv one of il* devi*
uteri
■ Is ;
* it
rshal under color
in designed for lh*
U
, Mr. President, to
give my assent t » such mea*ure* as may he uecessa-
rv and proper lor maintaining the authority of the
laws, we shall all unite, I trust, iu removing tlie
just causes of complaint which have arisen sgsinst
their operation. The necessity of a new adjust
ment of the TiirilF, i* felt and acknowledged by all,,
and 11 fiords the fitest occasion for doing justice lo eve
ry interest of the country which has been afl’ected bu
it. IS 1 r, this is the moment for the accomplish meat
work of conciliation and peace. Let
other in that “spirit oI amity add'
nee and concession which the pecu*
political situation lias rarely, if ever,
e indispensable,” than uotv. Instead
of coming together as hostile and rivul clans, as ba#
unhappily been too frequently the case in relsliOM to
this subject, let u* meet and consult for the common
good, a* members of one great family, recollecting
that the interest of each 1* the good of the wbols,.
and Ihe good of ihe whole is tlie interest of each.—
For one I pledge myself to meet gentlemen ia this
American spirit—to regard the interests of the Noritv
a* well us tin* South—to embrace, as far as l aa#' r
tin* permanent and lasting good of all—which in
nothing, in my opinion, i* more deeply cummfiiad
than iu the present settlement of this distraeftinf-
qtiestiou, and ihe final extirpation of that germ ot
discord which has been planted iu all our reJallonx,,
social and political.
11 is time, M r. President, to put an end to our utr*
happy divisions It has been my fortune,in another
situation, to witness the effects they have produced
on liie character and consideration of our Govern*
incut abroad, and on the generous efforts ef th*
friends of liberty in other parts of tho world. 8ir r
my heart has swollen with a pride and exultslioa
which can he appreciated only by those who hav#
felt them in a foreign land, when 1 have heard my
country tlie theme of every tongue ; its institutioas^
with the glorious results of liberty and liappineas.
"Hector
•d Stale
hi f«»r tlie payment of du
the hands of'the <
raiidulenl pr
purpose of defeatin
illifica- i they have produced, the subject of universal acivy
sole
"Uld ;
ettl
.{miration, rebuking, on the one hand, th#
loomy spirit of despotism, and animating on th#
of I other, the generous aspirations of freedom. Uut, in
a few short months, how has this scene been chang
ed . ; The l.injrtiuge of admiration nnd respect, lost
111 that <d indifference and distrust; the votaries of
the law* of the U
hill now under consideration says, unwell
principles of jurisprudence, that <_ r, mds tlm* in the liberty discouraged and confounded ; the disciples oP
custody of the law are irrepleviable, and shall lie ! legitimacy exulting in the failure of the only sys-
1 veil up only in oh
('oiirt ol the United S
subjects officers of the I
allies and damages lor d
vide* that all controvert
may arise un
t* to the o:.|
!es. JYulliJii
ited State*
charging th
s, civil or c,
nee, hIi .11 I.
vhirh
>f free Government which ever promised a per-
feet success : all Europe filled with predictions of
• he speedy dissolution ol our Union, aad consign
ing us hence onward lo tlie same rank of impoteno#
the unhappy and distracted §tal#*
ly to the Stale Gourts, the judges and jurors) of
which aro to he hound l»v a solemn oath to carry the
ordinance into execution—prohibits, under I
•In- of the Southern part* of our own continent.
These have been the bitter fruits of our division#
abroad. What have they been ut home? In lh#
midst of unexampled prosperty, anxiety und alarm
penalties, appeals from decisions lo tho Courts of tlio 1 pervading every bosom—that sacred Union, iu