Newspaper Page Text
-
BV 1. II. XTBKI.K A P. TIHVBATT. J*.
THE JOI HV4I.
•t
,.l !ft'
Msm
n»TVapsi.
Im* diocnnlinuPil ««/i/ •»// 'irrriinifii
Vuntil Um flubBcriptiuu money i
h<* <’oiirt-li**'i«*, trli«*rr »urh »itlr» ir ■ to I" In 1 I
!Molk*«* fur lit' nle | > «*r»<»Mikl |*rop«*rlv, ime
like in«imei. FOIl l'V tUi < pri*«ion
rtferem n trim.
AIIVRRTINEWF.NTS .n«*n
ir Y B. Sale* of I.AML 1
nr l.uarV-ns, are rs.|uire(. lo
Tafvlmi in »l*o in-tinli. I
*»‘iieb (lie pinjieifv i
Mis* raual Im* civ'll m .i public
ri.i.M mill' .1.* of-el..
Kale* of MK'iltOK* moat I ■
Ural Tuesday of itn* iiiuitii, l.eie
a( lh« place ol publl«- »nlr« in I
tMtnmriilurv,
I XT I l).\ VM |»rc
pubfo
I ul llie door of
MONTHS
Notice fur leave In ."It NEGROES, niuat be publialieii for
MOL * MONTHS, Latin e "uy order obaolule ehall be made
thereon by the Court.
WAKIIV WTOH IIOI SE, .
AkiiiKdon. Virginia.
THE iindcr-iL'iied ha* rrcenily lukcn poaseseion
of that tart** and ciiininodioue
HHKK IIO IkE,
own of Ahinf'dmi, lately ill the oi cupaiicy
ofi'limna* Findlay, and known hnFindlay *a Hotel, and ia now
fullv prepnred to accommodate Traiellcre and otlicre, in very
comfortable style. The •* WAS HI Ad TOM IIOl’SE” is
already furmtkrd in a style rarely c<|ualled, and certainly not
excelled by any establishment situated so far in the interior,
and if the patronage of the proprietor i» found to jusiity it, be
ie retired that no exertion on bis part aliall »•« w anting, to ren
der itone of tlie most desirable llousea in the State, tlenlle-
lueti, with their families, lea* ing the Southern climate, during
the Summer, aud retiring into tlio mountainous region, for
health or pleasure, may rest assured, that no effort w ill lie
spared on the part of the undersigned, to render their stay in
Abingdon truly agreeable. The Mag'urrriing at tliispla. «* about
the usual breakfast and dinner tiiin**, and necessarily detained
here about two hours, I'asseucers can alwuya be accoiumoda-;
led in anlple time for its departure.
The llur-room attached to this establishment lias, in
the Inst few days, undergone a thorough change, and is now
atored with an elegant assortment ol WillCt* and l.i-
(•entleinrn can be supplied,either at their ro<»m« oral table,
as they may desire, with the vcr\ best t|;i«lcir:i and
Nliern.iiiH'Tlarfl, and Cliumpai»nc «fib» most
approved brand, du-. Ate. &c.
April 11,1840.
ENTERTAINMENT.
AML TIIE Subscriber lias opened a house a< EN-
TEKTAINMENT, on Flint River, at the Old
Aganey,Crawford county, Ga. where those who
ISJUHLcall will lie attended to,’ mid the strictest order
•hall be observed. JOSlIl A II. IIIGHAM.
March 11,18411.‘-*5 b
1. 4 %V.
T HE undei.-ignevl liaa resumed the practice oftlie LAW.—
He may be fouud and consulted ul the offtc*
Rockwell Al Kenan.
April 23th,1810.
LAW.
A II. KENAN and WM. S. ROCKWELL liave
in the practice of I.AW.
Mtlledgerille, April 27lh, 1840. •)
J NO. M. AN II I; KMT,
A TTORNE Y A T LA W,
f ILL pr-ieliae in all the Counties of the Ormulgrt
Cir-
W mil# ilis office mljo iis I lie Store of Blade At Trippe,
EaTOHTOB.La. Any business left with luui will be pi
attended to.
March 81. 1810,
27 26t
w
RICH Aim F. I. VON,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
SUtrkvIllp, Lcf count). On.
II.I. practise in the several Courts of the countiea i
the Chattahoochee and Southern Circuits
Reference—Col. Josrm II. l.i arsis, Lexington - II. B
Moors und Pktbr Lam vr, l.incolnton ; A. J.AtT. W.Mil-
i.kh, Augusta ; Dr. M. K. Harman aud J. Lankin, Bristol,
16 ly
Jan. 14, IM**.
REVARIU8 11. L. BUC HANAN,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
Spring Finer, Murray County, tiro.
Feh.4,1840.
19 If
W
W M. H. M AY,
XT TOR NE Y A T L A W,
Stnrksvillo, Lee rounty, Heorgln,
* ul the Superior Courts in Slew sri, lUi:<lol|ile
* * F.arly, Baker, I .re,Sumter, Mai ion, ■ a.
Muscogee counties of the Chattahoochee Circuit,
catur and Thoms* rounties ol the Southern, Monro.'
...I Ho
LAW NOTICE.
npilE Subscriber hsmby informs hi* friend* that tlieeopart-
reliip of tiRA VBI1.I. At HO.VNFK b^ expired.
He ia still at Cuthherl, Kaudolpli county, pre|)iire.l to at
tend to the businesa of Ills protes«iun, where he will at ul!
times be fuuiiA, if not nlisenl o’» 1 urinese of a professional
character. He would ask oftlie , .die a share oi their busi-
_ v .. ,.v ibis auarter oftlie State, it it was not fortius,—lie .h
not want to do business lor any p. rsun unless they believe lie
will do them jus'ice in e.ery sense of the term, lie would
ci.e hit present and intended patrons a list of references, hut
that references are so common.
1IRAVBILL
Cuth!*ert, Ga March 11th, 1810.
O’ I’ll, weekly Chronicle and Sentinel, and Columbus F.n-
Messrs. .Nichols »V Deming's. Good articles will
HflKHV be kept, aud pin es made ,i* rm.onahle ns possi
ble. A share of public patroi age i« reaper dully solicited
Mdledgeville. Feb. .5, 1840.
s re-nect
It. A. I'll*‘I* I’F.N iM'.N, ,
CORNEI.il S M. t'AUTV, S ' C n * '
21 tf
CENTRAL BANK OF GEORGIA.
MiLt.Knot.yn.l.c,January 2tl, I!i:i8.
M ANY.of tbe Notes presented (or renewal huv ing on them
new Endorsers, andlit b
determine their responsibility,
nied with s.»m« evidence of the amount of property whirli they
possess.
Be it therefore reiohnl, That nil notes offered at ibis Bank
for renewal, upon which the endorsers have been changed,
t he areompanied bv a errtifkate ot the taxable property
. M. .NEBHIT. Casli’r
OBLETHORPE UNIVERSITY.
■ HE Spring Examination of die College and Arad'
ske place on Monday ami Tue-duv, the lllli aiid
S '
will
•f Mdf I'* l»e closed bv an exliilutmii of original orations
Aiy rueiahers of the Junior ami Sophomore classes,on Wednea-
gfav, the I3tli. The friends of the Institution and of Ed tea*
lion are raspertfully invited attend.
The ce»Bi xanunl meeting •! the 'toard of Trustees will Ij
hold iu Milladfevillo, on TuJ|tavniKiiL^^M
April Ik ItM.
UENTB4V BANK OF GLOIIGIl.
•am Ckntrvi ItvsK or tun. (
W« April I4ili. I8IU. S
dVg’YUliERKH l\.« I Ilia Bank will receive m payment <
tf debts due it. Ike print. ^ ■ •«'*• -f the ( r
mouers iiftli rt We» -.r. x«d Alls Tt ..Iro id, mode peyobir •
Mid B iol."
J'ke shove is a true, eiiri
Jliravlurs.
A FINE HORAE.
AM 4 TEl RJ* on the turf can have
etrrlleM opnorrunily ol breeding from tlie
ine horse Ewri'lllcl, a •»»** year old
this spring, g*d bv tli* eelebrnt^
• U •rsoHl.U HEHTIl IMl.mit of.Miiltirt .
»%, adistiagai.ed r«e« w. KMf flkl.U will oecupv An
4eew's Hrable, near iK»- M.«l*dg«v.n • !«■ e trai 1
Mpring. He iset tha on si s.re s .l
, the present
I promising merer on the tarf, km
VOI.I MH X\XI—NO. 32.
SPKBl II UK Mr. N|S|1|;T.
u.n Tin: 'I kk. \st uv si it i: is
I l» *d,
lilt* stall ref* lliO lid,
funlh-r issue of IVr:
\i.'. Mauiii L'l I-4H.
IIUIlttM- «>f lid' Wlll.ll- .
tlio lull aiitliori/jti}'
1 live ntillintib uf tlolitin
iiscussiti}{ the stib.Tn
If it Ih ,
lu-it hut
(•."lat tit eds to
me is n mc*mh
little while,
juurnn
I ha
Mvr
..t bee
until this ser-'iou. I am **tiuvus
homo.” a new man in the councils of the nation.
Tiicrc are no iuconsiatent votes to l»* aroused from
their 'lumber, and arrayed for my condemnation.
I am not to be caught, as many are, upon tin- y*-as
und nays of former times. And for the sumc
reason, w ith other reasons, I haVe no one to catch
—no one to impale—no political tergiversations to
expose. 1 congratulate myself that i uni under no
necessity of self.defence, and feel neither the obli.
gation nor the desire to assail others. I sli.dl not,
therefore, in these most unprofitable, tedious talks,
so common to this House, occupy the time of the
committee.
The debate on the hilt now under discussion has
been exceedingly diNCursivr,embracing almost every
topic cornu cted with the (inaticial wants of the
country, and the administration oftlie General Go.
vecnmejit. Tlio hank, the sub.Treasury, the Jis.
tresses ol* the country, the state of the Treasury, the
errors and the follies, and the virtues of Mr. Van
lltiren, have atFordcd themes of vast enlargement
and great eloquence for honorable gentlemen. It is
the custom of tlx- age, nod of this country particu
larly, to discuss upon every question every thing;
to run the round entire of all the subjects about
w hich the .People do or may he presumed to feel
any interest. And that subject, too, which is most
likely to be slighted by the orator is the subject
which is before him (or discussion. 1 do not claim
exemption for myself in this particular. I, like
others, have been given to wandering and tedious
prolixity. So fur as concerns myself, 1 shall sj»cedi.
ly amend,if possible; and so fur As it concerns others.
1 am well convinced that, in the custom referred
V>, there is neither utility nor good taste, and that
it is more honored in the breach than in the oh.
servance.
In relation to a national !>ank. 1 w ill only remark
that I have always believed it to be unconstitutional
in uny and all its forms. So believing, it is neither
nccessurv nor expedient to inquire into its utility,
its blessings, or its curses. This objection to it
stands, at the threshold, and, amounting to a pro.
hibition of a power to charter a bank to Congress,
is n conclusive answer to all arguments drawn
from the expediency such nu institution. 1 hold
that such a power cannot he claimed for Congress
hut by u latitudinary rule of construing the Consti
tution ; such a rule as w as of old established by the
greatest bank champion known to our annals. I
mean, sir, Alexander Hamilton. This rule, in the
operation of our system, will clothe Congress with
almost any power which the varying exigencies of
the future may seem to make either necessary or
desirable. The reversed rule, 1 am daily more
convinced, can alone maintain the just rights of the
States, and restrain the cver-forward advance of
l-YdrmI encroachment.
I admit, Mr. Chairman, the truthfulness ot the
picture of distress which the country now exhibits,
drawn with such graphic accuracy by my friend,
the eloquent member from South Carolina, (Mr.
Thompson.) I know that all orders of men aud nil
NjK-cies of industry arc laboring under a pecuniary
pressure of unexampled severity ; and no pari oftlie
Union feels it more sensibly than that from which
you and 1 came. Desolation sits upon the face of
this great Union, paralyzing its energies aud
smothering its resources. To inquire into the
causes of all this would require such time as this
committee would nut grant. These causes are
manifold, and, among them, it has been stated, are
the isssucs by the Government of Treasury notes.
So far as the debt incurred by the Government by
these issues is concerned, I admit, to that extent,
the Government has increased its liabilities, but
not the taxes or tlie liabilities of the People. For,
d w»th. those objects, only
I'i-asui) notes, the loan of
This i-: not tlx- time for
;tsin-\. When that bill is
fur to consider whether
v« rnnn lit credits Is- part yf
then 1 shall be wjMl my
e i honorable fie nd in opposition to it.
Hi! now, instead of a full T re usury ate basis (or
credits, I find it emptv. Its niter vacuity is the
very cause, front, and head of thi' otlciuling bill—
no more. Viewing, tlicmjbre, tli< question as the
facts present it, 1 cannot give such weight to the
member’s arguments as to justify my voting w ith
Inin.
Mr. fiinjrtAnn, in advocating the issue of Treos-
ury notes,.! am not ti be '-oiniden-d as the npolo.
gist or supporter of the Administration. 1 am nei-
tlier the one nor the other. Nor do I appear on
this occasion its nM'uii.iut. I leave these tasks to
those, of which there are not a few, who have for
them a special vocation. The errors of those who
administer the Government ought to be exposed,
and a corrupt Administration ought to la- unseated;
so it is hut right that they should have defence. Of
this sort of warfare there is quite enough in this
Hall. I do not compluiu of this; hull do desire
not to he understood us supporting or uprising a
measure because proposed by one or the other of
the great parties.
1 was elected by a political party in opposition
to the Administration. 1 am myself in the op|tosi-
lion. The obligations 1 owe to my constituents, as
w«-ll as my own convictions of duty to the country,
placo me in the opposite n. There I expect to re
main. Hut, sir, the opposition of the-State Rights
party of Georgia, and of myself, by tlu-in elected, is
not capricious, but founded on principle; und when
ever the measures of the Administration are in ac
cordance with those principles by which that great
and honest party regulate their political conduct,
the opjMxsiiiou censes. Is this, sir. a sufficient deli-
nition of a position ? It is certainly explicit. To
use the quaint language of a Southern editor, is this
“ the indefinite definition of thejuttings and Imudo-
ings of one’s politcnl nothing”—that is,* one’s posi-
tion ? These definitions are often necessary in
this day ; for a political position is an exceedingly
variable thing. Politicians do not often stand long
enough in the same place to create a position. They
(positions) are intangible, optical illusions, which
cheat the sight. They remind me of an angle of
the river Potomac, called Point-no.point, which
seems to Is-, but vanishes as you approach it, exist
ing only in the illusion created hy light and shade.
Tin- name of Mr. Crawford has been quoted
against this bill. This is a name, sir. which I
delight to honor. I revere tin* memory of that
transcendeutly grout man—great in mind ami in in
tegrity. “Magnum vir et venerable noman.” I
thunk the gentleman from South Carolina (Mr.
Thompson) for the deserved tribute which he was
pleased to bestow upon Mr. Crawford. It is even
true, ns lie said, that, take him all iu all, he has had
no superior since Washington died. He was a just
exponent of State rights principles—steady, pnicti-
cal, ami sound. His policy was to hold the Gov-
eminent strictly to its conceded powers, w hilst he
frittered not aw ay the doctrines he professed by un
meaning abstractions and metaphysical refinements,
calculated only to bring them into contempt and
ridicule. Hut the authority of Mr. Craw ford is on
ly to the expediency of litis mode of raising money.
He did not raise co it any constitutional objection.
And this is the objection upon which resistance to it
is now predicated, lie believed the power liable to
abuse, being easy of exercise, seductive, and there
fore most likely to lie resorted to. But w hen the
circumstances of the Government nml country arc
such as we know do now exist, it is by no incans
certain that Mr. Crawford himself, i( living, would
not yield to the guarded and moderate use of the
power. The constitutional power in his day, ns 1
believe, was not questioned. This is an objection
of recent origin, and started first, I believe, hy the
gentleman from South Carolina, (Mr. Thompson,)
at the extra session of 18R7. For myself, I would
certainly exercise the power most sparingly, and
only incases of pressing, nay, conlrollcss necessity.
Uf this necessity Congress must judge. It is no
part of my duly on the present occasion to prove
ffi -i r fiv.- Inn Ir ii doIUr*;
1 belie v.
This
• npprnpri i
all these issues past and prospective, have been, | that this power may not be abused. I know it may.
and w ill be, but anticipations of the revenue of the ! Hut having satisfied invself that there is no valid
Government, accruing in the ordinary way and constitutional objection, it behooves mo only to es.
from the ordinary sources; for they have liccn, and 1 tublish that position, and that the present exigency
those to be issued hy this bill are to Ih; redeemed at justifies the use of the power. If, in some coming
short and specified periods from tlie resources ol j day, it should be abused, why, let the blame of that
the Treasury’. Asn proof of this, of all the previous i abuse rest upon those who perpetrate it.
issues of Treusury notes there remains out now und j In relation, then, to the expediency of the use of
redeemable only a little more than two m lli nis of 1 the power note, 1 remark that all parties admit that
dollars. I like to view things singly. Let others J the Treasury needs money and must have it at
connect this bill ns they may with other things, I am | once, or be dishonored, it is also conceded that
unable to see iu it any necessary connexion with , these notes will at once subserve the purpose of re-
the past or present distress of the country. It is ' lief; that funds, through their agency, can be had,
not, ns 1 suppose, designed to afford relief to the I without delay, and with certainty, or that they w ill
country, much loss to oppress it. It is a measure of i themselves subserve the uses of money, being madj
temporary relief to the Government from a pc-1 receivable in Go\
cuniury pressure, from which it must bo relieved or J delay, we are told,
submit to dishonor before the world. I submit | statement, that tin
then, sir, it it is a fair course of argument to involve j the Government a
this immim in i}m labyrinth of disordered curren-, I cann >t see the uutiimal^^^^^H
cy, exchanges, private and public sulVering. It ; danger of it, without coining to the rescue. The
would seem more statesmanlike to meet it upon its distress of the* com try Ins fallen also upon the Gov
independent merits. „ eminent. It is upon the verge of bankruptcy. I
Ii was argued tlie other day hy my friend and j bus even been staled in d.-bate, with what truth I d<
colleague (Mr. Kino) that this hill is part and parcel u ,t know, that the bills of the Department areevci
of the Sub-Treasury scheme, and, la-ing opposed to i now under protest. Now, sir, the Government i
that, In; thereby fortified his opposition to both I the representative of the honor of sixteen million
I listened with delight to that gentle, i ,,f jn-ople, and of the dignity of twenty
dux
id the
has questioned the
ivill In exhausted, and
i wit. h dishonored,
•dit prostrated,
man’s speech, and give t<» it that respect whi« h his
ow n excellent mind and character, and long per
sonal friendship for him demand of me. It 1
•ign States. It
lonor sullied und this dignity impair*•
I w ill not stop to inquire w hat impr
this
thought with him, 1 woupl bo happy to vote with want of forceuwt, what fal-
him ; and that his
to him, and wholly sincere, tin
• satisfacto
doubt.
has brought all this
, ought, at a suitable time,
idence,what
srromf proc-
• inquiry though,
I I tru't will be
Hut is this hill part of the sub-Trensurx scheme ! | made. I will not stay to ask the reason of this state
Is it an adjunct to it ? .^\d is it true that this Go of things, hut, with filial nlacricy, hasten to the re-
verninent really designs to collect the revenues of lief of the great head oftlie States. I therefore
the country in specie, and hoarding that (in prospoc- conclude that cause enough muc exists even for the
five amount absolute!) inealcuinble) to issue paper ns<- of a power w hich is liable m abuse. The only
—Treasury notes or any oth r paper—in di*. 1 objection which I have to my colleague's (Mr.
charge of its own liabilities? Is it tru«» that Kim.) amendments in, that the ,< iefit will nllbrd
tin; Russian system of finai.e ■ is here to be 1 cann >t Ih* ho immediate, or so eertaiu, and that a i
adopted ’ Win the Government establish a bank loan upon his plan would he lorn longer time than I j
upon the specie revenue as a basis : filling out all ( should like to see the credit of the < I
the channels of circulation, controlling the curren- - ' * • •
cv» regulating the exchanges, and absorbing in her
of the world
alarming even to f
c iu revoluti*
contemplated.
inlts the specie of the four quarte
The proposition is a strong on
[?v ; such a one as this Oovcr
uimii without involving us
M\ colleague f-ars such thin:
I will he tlie new
ided. I must confess to », Mr. Cli.i
ving satisfied myself that the Government c
rrmvmoney through the agency of such notes
that. I
this hill proper
, ling to
<) d», ihu
mally, I t
ent that powei
lb
• suh-Tie.-isiir\ hi.I audits kin
•ans le
orporate a hank,
y remit it wen- desirable, »•
I iiuxilin-1 to confer it, I know
I'erhaps m-ut, in times of war, to rais* m mm y but through
I should rather say, he fears that, in turn s to come, ibis very ugeuey. I h »ve io iked into this q u.stion,
hi,eh max In; result of that system, if persevered in, air, with more internal than that winch g r »ws out ol
which is now In-ginning. It max lie so. I Iis fore* 1 tlie present. Tlio destinies oftlie future are nivolv.
bod nigs may Ih* reahzwd ; his prophecies inax In* ed iu it.
other
-.with
NKK
lk# llo >nt. BH'I • **"•
will *taml lb** *srR nf Mr. F V It-
24 »r HisrrlilO.
Har at#fliri- ol #11 laasrullon*.
A I. HUAI | Ha. |»». Tin* *l»y I b *• l,ikr
ft. *MA willl** .-all'4 sr.1 lb* p'riM-laal " j
foe. wh#R f |mH apUis la*l sdek of fiml*#r. il alart'H Hwil, a«*(
ir Mill iiikmmi eroe stN. *. ini'* wbrs I •i.if H t,y Imn t saff
• M« ekrrt iimiR. «|*m I'Iih m*rliin*l«lull
Ik* f»'*kU*. •• •••on S« I Bis till* l'l *b’*w 'Im- I*
*h»rkiM4«l«k. inaniitr. fit.I III
April * Cl. I# to
fulfilled. (1 I
: that, should this Vdinistruli'
II I I
I in.! .m Ti 'I .04 oth- r
liable funds, s i«'h request won' S be the signal ol
•xertlirow. And I would b- among tin in -t <d
»e who would like to !*#• iu ul the d.-ulli. I Ins
i terms, in its origin, mid the manner of its
rxecuti hi, Ii in. iu «.• v i ri I. n • conn* vion with the
■'ih.Tfeasui x bill. That has not yet >-o.im b for.
iis. This is now U|hmi it* passage. Tint |*roxidr-s
for the collection, di*birs*Mii nt, stnl cusI hIv «*f th.
p ibin* r< v. nue, and pn crib i tin kni'l nt n
id of'
pit.--
it dow ii
duccd the M.'iar)
a reduction agninst w hir li I voted.!
cd iluri fair suiarie make g**«»d .dll
Tlie game uas not worth llit- eli
running dow n hare w Ion lions an
tire jungle; ll'geni'-men will r« \ is
for the Cumber hod r nil, for barb
canals, I wfl gladly go with lliein. H>.| il e u«» e-,t
aud principle of retrenchment do not require the i.
jeetfon of this bill, for this reason, that tl
money now sought to be raised is to di.-cliar^
existing obligatious, from which there i, no escap.
Retreuehm. at mu.'t lie prosp.*etive.
I underst.M»d tlie gentleman from N w Vork,(M
VaRBEXPOkl.) who advocated this bill, to deny that
it wan a loan, and to deny that it created
Not only did ho deny that these notes, when issued,
would create a debt, hut rebuked my colleague for,
os lie charged by Ilia amendment, creating a nation-
al debt. This is strange disingenuousness, or a
want of cor reel understanding of the subject. My
colleague's proposition is for a direct loan; this al
so is a loan, tnd if not a loan, then, us I believe,
wholly unconstitutional. Both are debts. Tin*
moment these notes are issued, tin* obligation to re-
dee:r.’ them is perfect; und i not that debt * It
matters not how they are redeemable, whether in
specie or by receipt into the Treasury as money ;
they arc still the evidence of indebtedness. It
seems to mo that when that gentleman denied that
tlie issue of Treasury notes was a I inn, he aban
doned the ouly ground U|H>n which it can be jus
tified.
And now, sir, having removed from around this
hill the rubbish which almost hid it from view, and
brought it out to fair inspection, I will address my
self to the inquiry into its constitutionality. In this
inquiry the guid.-s I propose to myself are the ca-
lions of State Rights politics. 1 belong to that
school. I hold to those principles which arc repu.
dinted by the greater part of American politicians;
which are not understood hy some, and are sneered
ut by many—principles which have been brought
into disrepute more by the inconsistent practice of
those who profess them than by any other cause.
At the basis of that system of politics is the truth so
plainly expressed in the Constitution, viz. ‘‘The
powers not delegated to the l idled States by the
Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are
reserved to the States respectively, or to the l*co-
pie.**
The United States can exercise no powers that
arenoidelgatcd. All other powers, unless prohibited
to the State-*, belong to them respectively, or to the
People. When seeking for a power, therefore, il
is iudis|icusable to find the express grant. It would
scarcely be necessary for me to snv that all power
“ necessary and proper” to carry into effi-ct a dele
gated |>ower. is with the pow.-r also given. It is not
enough for him who claims the power to show that it
is not prohibited ; for, hy the clause w hich I have
quoted, all undclcgnted power, except such as is
prohibited, belongs to the Stutcsorthr People. Now,
there ore powers which belong neither to the States
nor to tin; Government, and tin x are such as arc not
delegated to the latter,and are prohibited to the for-
mer. Thex’ lie in abex ancr, dormant, in the sovereign
mass, the People oftlie States re pectivel). Among
these is the poxxer to “emit hills of credit.” 1 ns-
sumc at once, or, rather, concede. Hint Congress
has no power to emit bills of credit. 1 contend
that the power to issue Treasury notes is embraced
in »he- ikUi'gated power “L» borrow inon.-y on the
credit of the United States.” Tuc*taMi>h this p<».
sition, it w ill be nocessnry to show that the notes
proposed to be issued are not hills cf credit: if the)
arc not, then they are but the evidence* of a debt,
and the operation h a loan.
My colleague, (Mr. King,) and all who have fid-
lowed him. havo soughtlo establish the uuconslitu-
tioi.ality of Treasury notes upon the authority of the
Madison Papers, recently published, and he has in
voked to his aid the name of that truly gnat and vir
tuous man, (Mr. Madison.) Mr. Chairman, no
authority was ueccjsary to prove that Congress has
not the power to “emit bills of credit,” because such
a power is not among those that nre delegated.
And 1 shall show, I trust, that the Madison Papers
prove nothing more than that a power to “emit lulls
on die credit of the United States” was in the Con-
verRion which adopted the Federal Constitution,
proposed and rejected. Sec 3d volume Madison
Papers, png.; 1R43. The g. ntleim n.some of them,
holfevcr contend that this authority notonlx denies
to Congress the power to emit lulls ol credit but al
to the power U> use its credit by issuing notes, and
•uch notes .is those contemplated in th*- hill; in oth-
er words, that Congress cannot, upon this plan In.r-
row money.
Now, si-. I think it is manifest that the Conven
tion Intended no such thing. W hut xvus the power
sought to bo conferred by those who were for this
amendment, and to he denied by those who were
against it ? Il was obviously n power to make and
circulate /> ijter money, and that, and that omy. is
meant by “ hills of credit.” '1 he evil dreaded was
n continuous p mer of issuing bills upon the credit
of the United States, with a view to circulation, and
t lanswer the purpov-s of currency. Phi' is proven
by the language and arguments used hy the mem
bers oftlie Convention *t the time. Mr. Madison,
who seems, at first, to have been disinclined t<»
strike out. said : ** Wi I it not Is* Htiflicient to pro-
hibit making them (bills) a r adrr'”—bioking plainly
ton money-creating p«>u. r.
Mr. Mason said *• Tin* igh he had a mortal hatred
\n piper money, \v.\, ns h*- < »»il liioi foresee all i*m«-r.
f piM'iet, he was unwilling to ti*- the Innds of the
K?»rislaturc.” Mr. Gorhamsiiid, •• Tin* p"W«*r, as
fur it will b<* iieceRsnrv or safe, is involved in that
of borrowing*” Mr. Gorham v *t* *1 for striking out,
and his authority is directly in support of th** {mil
lion which I assume, to w it, that the power of issu.
ing notes is involved in that of borrowing. Gouv.
erneur Morris remarked, M ^triki* g out i • words
w ill leave room still for notes of a responsible min
ister, which will d > all the go »d w ilhout th** mis hi.l.
The moneyed int**rest wi . oppose the plan <>l
ernnunt, if paptremissions Is; not protn 1
authority «d this eminent financier prox*
viz. that /taper emissions
against; and that it the wor*
were stricken out, still ther-' was r»nn
of the money oilie.-r of the Gov* ri m«
cer “was a friend to paper money; In; was rouse,
queiitly^ opposed to a proliibtiou <>| it altogether. 1
Mr. Ellsworth “thought tl.i* a favorable opp«)rtimi
lx to shut and bar tin* Ioor n * iu -I /taper money.'
Mr. Randolph, notwithstaudii.j lu» antipathy t*
paper money, e*»'il*l not agree i>, strike out, Ace.
Thus you vr, Mr. ('hairman, lh.it th iim nibers o
t mC invention un f rstood “bi! -s <>l ■ *ht * to iim-oi
y t/ter money, mid that the power d«-ni.-d was a jkiw
«*r to * mil /* t/mr m> nry.
to the Mulison |*u|mts made, a.*
.U r New Vok. (Mr. Van
eatk-man whos iperinU nd« *ltlieii
the authority
r that these notes are I
j>« r mom v hi that sense in which '
■ I th« Constitution understood those
imiptioii be correct, tlieu tiie urgu- I
*1; for, iu that event, I um xery
t Congress to pass this law
Th*
l» things,
evil guarded
mI emit l*;lls,” AtC.
rmnn for the notes
m* nt. Mr. Mer-
IN*
stated hy th
DKRI’ORL.)!)
opts
bill.ii
| would great') pref
in this ..r any oilier lor
i!i<- expenditures with
«• ruing from thu ordin]
anv party hi urr< sting those «iiormoiis iippropriu-
lions which n quirt; high duti.-s, and iIkinc high isr-
id’s winch in turn justify large appropriations, Tnr.
ill", nud ek|H'iiditures r* |*ro lu< « each ollu r. High
tantl's aiih vast •■isburwinesits ronslituti* t *• lending
|H*h.-y of many of those geinleiiH n wii«» (.*%#• such
|ro'll.i. «ohh* qualms ub>ut the r.Histitutioiwilily of
this In". Mime «tr»rtB nt ictrcwliuH-fit have htn
mad* 'luring tin* <m-.si hi, hut so (i»rh!c and ill *1*.•
Mr. Madison hi
Vote in lie. uliin
• II, i
“This
of V.
hy I
e.pi
H i-'ied that sti
file the (ioverii
ns I ir os they r
on.s cut c IT th •
pnr iulnrly for
priv.-i
pr. t< %\ for
in iking lIn* Ii
appropriate f funds winch may be in the TreasU-
M the lime ot their maturity for their rsdemp-
All these things sliow that they nre not money
designed to eireulat.*. Well, sir. what are they !
Iu tli« I angling «*t tin- < .urt Ik.-fore quoted, they are
“e.uitraets by wiu.'li a *St;ite binds it soil to pay mo
ney nt a lulu re dux lor money loaned for present
< tier of tin* Constitution, Congress has
rrew fn .ii< \—u|H>n this delegation I rest
And l.o
iii which il shall lie pmd. This In'l, not trtn mg cd us i > ainouni t» uolhing.
i K iltie
U««
yet asSUin* '
Treasury n
mon.trst .a
"U ky hi.
by the I*
but. us used iu tiie Coiistulion, it has a monetary
meaning dilU rtnt from both ol tin sc. It is obvi
ously designed to express money, asu.a d gun-ral
ly. and intended for circulation in paper form.
I take it for granted that the (tower, w hich we ad
mit is not given tin* Government to emit bills of
credit, is tlie same w ith that in those words proliib.
ited to thi* States. Now, as to what is a bill of
credit when issued by a stale, we have the opinion
of the* Supremo Court in tlie cum* of Craig et al. vs.
the State of Missouri. The Court, in this case,
holds the following language*:
“The word emit in n**fi e.npluve.l m drscrihin; those rnn-
Irs.-tH I** winch a Shun- binds .i-elru* |*ay moii' v at s fulur*
day t»r servi.-e* netnnllv mn.rd, nr f»r nm*ik*v loaned f.»r j
|»r .* -.'ill il -•*. no. are hi 4|r.i.ae.tl-ever ..I'd for-u<di purpose, in
.-••minon language, (Iriu-tuiiialed hills ol < rr.I.i. To punt InlU
ol credit eon vrv n lit tl,* un.id th* ptmmt ibhiiis paper intend-
eireytatr thrunyh the rommuntty/or ,tn ordinary pur
fund at menry." See 4 Foters's KejH.il-, 431.
Now, sir, let us see what arc the Treasury notes
to U* issued hy this bill—w hut are their distinguish-
haracteristics, and determine whether, accord
ing to the opinion oftlie Supremo Court, they are or
t “b Iis of credit.” Let us see whether “they
* paper intended to circulate through tin; column-
\ for its ordinary purposes ti.s money.” And let
see, tiLo, whether they are not the mere evi-
aces of a debt—instruments executed as evidence
of a contract for money loaned fur present use. The
bill Ik*fore tiie cominiteo revives the act of l;e27,
did to that we refer for tlie character of the notes-.
Now, sir, I contend that they are not intended tocir-
ulntc as money, first, because they arc not, as hills
ir*-, redeemable on demand,nor cun they circulate
beyond a limited period of time: and an in.I. finite pe
riod of circulation is one oftlie distinguishing fca-
lures of money ; that is, il may, und it ia generally
desired that it shall circulate for nu unlimited pe.
riod. Now, these notes arc redeemable at a time
fixed iu the act by virtue of which they are issued.
It is provided in the second section of the act of
1837 that tlx; said Treasury notes authorized to Ik?
itsuctl by the first section of this act shall Ik* reiin-
horsed nud redeemed by the United Slut, s at the
Treasury thereof after the expiration of one year j
i tin* dates of said notes, respectively. It was .
urged by iny colleage that the amount remaining
vutut the end of one year, the time at which the
•resents bill expires bv its own limitation, would re-
main out, and go fully into the circulation. Thu
answer to this is. that, if they are not presented for
redemption, upon notice from the Secretary oftlie
Treasury to that effect, they nohmgerbenr interest,
and would therefore, bo subjected to at least n de
preciation to the amount of interest they bear. This
would douhtlem send them home for redemption,
and would operate as u preventive to their circula-
borrow money ? Why,
'on-tituiion, “upon the cred•
It is wholly iiieonmrehen-
hi Ik* borrowed, w ithout the
• wholly unintelligible how
tout some scribe or instru-
t the contract of borrowing,
good to Treasury notes, it
■y good against Stute stock,
or Government scrip, «*ruuy thing which is tlie evi.
*'• ■n.-e of a loan, and that it d**es, in fact, make the
potr r borrow money wholly nugatory.
, if the object i
•NotX —Mr. Harm.-mam Hi.ltsequ.
7’*M, ^.miiih that iin- ni.i.-H im*l
J ... r .U#4 and rnstrlclioM
" iiJio.it l.aliiliiT iu ei,dor*«rs.
as inland bui
ld iv, Becai
,* h'-nr interest. Iut.-r-
f< ature of bills design
ed t-)eir<*ulate. ltillsofcreditor pap. rmoney ure in.
tended to realize for the State or eompuny issuing
Ih* in a profit by reason of the fart that they do not
bear interest, whilst those who iHellieiikthecoininu. ,
nity at large pay interest lor that u**e. Hut this bill !
charges the Government with interest upon the notes
die may issue, thus placing Iht iu the position of
i borrower at an estublislicd rate of interest. Is
.ot this, Mr. Chairman, the truth of the case ? Is
lot the Government a borrower by placing her notes
ii the market to he vended for their principal with
interest ? Is this any thing more than borrowing
icy by tlio use of her credit, and are these bills
thing more than the written undertaking of the
Government lo refund at a time certain the money
aised by tin ir instrumentality ?
Say that tlu.se notes 'in* paid out in discharge of
xistiug obligations, still it does not vary the case,
for, in that event, it is but an extension of the credit
if the Government fora benefit already realized, or
money heretofore received. Tlie proreM pwqMwm |
ii th«- bill is ana' igou.s to that know ii to exi ly shop-
,eept r, by which money is borrowed from banks or |
upituhsts upon aeevunmodati'in pap.-i. It is is not j
less a loan lieeauv th*- note whieu attests the t»bh-
gatiem of Hie borrower to pay may lx? negotiable ;
»r is it itu: less a loon l«ca*isc it realfzcs the /q-
iptofno new fund, hut continues the use of a fund
ready received. Are such notes, when issued hy
individuals, Money in any fair sense of that word?
If they are not, then are not these notes money?
• notes do bear interest not on-
•e not designed toeirculatc, hut
ireulatlon, Ibr the. reason that,
il they bear an interest equal to the value of money,
they will Ik* taken and held by hanks or capitalists
upon permanent investment. 1 o make them bear
interest beyond all question, I propose, Mr. Clmir-
man. Iiefurc I take my seat, to oiler on amendment,
by way of proviso to the last section of the bill,
which is in these words :
" I’rundrd. VUnt thr ii.tlcs propss'dl't l»* i* - n**'l l» v virtu**
..Ml.,, lull .1.11 I . .r inter. .1 of »».*« ('*■« linn. •■*•*. ».«*r Mii.r.-
til.>.i «i* per . . i.t |"-i nun.iiM. nt •!*»- .liiMT'lion .*1 tit*- '*< * m Iu-
i t olTl.a To n-... t. »»ill. lie- 0|.|*rulMUnin •»! ll.e I'rv-Hisnl."
[Mr. Evans, of Maine, her** remarked that such
proviso would Im unnecessary, as th<* notes were
made to bear interest already by tlie act, |
Il is true Mr. Chairman, thnt by the net they
must bear some inb-iest, but it max be barely noni-
iual—4In* net providing that they h.iuli bear interest
no* exceeding H p‘-r cent, nt tin* discretion of the Se.
.•retarv ol" llie Treasury. Now mv
tliisamendm* nt to require them to bear
. -II-.F " IrM.o. .0. lh.i,lf.UiH Coarwr
Washington, April 23.
The IIoum was disgraced yesterday, by a scene
of disorder and personal violence, such as has been
rurely witnessed svea in that body.
Mr. Saltonstall h*i the Hour, iu Committee
of the whole, and was speaUawut the attempt of
the Globe, to discredit some statement* as to
the expenditures of the GovermncB^. Thc Globe, in
an urticlc headed “ federal tricks, peopiapf Virginia
be on your guard,” states that a handbill? signed by
seven or eight members of tlie House, COMuiuiFg a
statement ol public accounts thnt, without cxplaiuu '
tion, was calcuiat. d to make “ a most false and
foul impression on the public mind,” hud been ex
tensively-circulated iu Virginia. The Globe ex
plain* the matter so a* to shew that the “items aro
not made up iu such a manner a* to present a true
stnt»; of the public expenses," though it was Cif-
culoted as an olli.-iil document. Among tlio
signers of the hamibill w.-ro Mr. Rice Oakland,
Mr. Saltonstatl, and Mr. Boits. Mr. Wise
ros«* to make some further explanation on the sub.
ject, as his colleague (Mr. Horrs) was ab*eut. He
read and compared the handbill and the official do
cument tow hi. ii it r.ft rs, und ehallonged any one
to |»oiiit out any variation,except in tlio statements
marked “unofficial.” While Mr. Wise was
speaking on the subject, nn outcry and noise sud
denly arose on the left of the Chair, and two of the
mends*rs. Ricf. Garland of Louisiana, and Jesse
A. Bynum of North-Carolina, were observed in
close und violent conflict. There was a rush to the
s|Hit. Mr. Evans seized Mr. Rvm m. and Mr.
Hanks and others laid hold of Mr. Gami.and, aud
oilier persons crowding between them, the comba
tant-! were separated. The Chairman, in the
meantime, implored the mrtnbcn*, for the sake of
their own characters—for the sake of the country,
to preserve order. Th* speaker w a* called for and
some called for the Sergeant at Arms. Some few
were opposed to anv alt.-nipt to separate the par
ties—declaring that, us they could not fight as grit-
tlemeu, they ought to li.Jit iu sum# other way. Tl*
speaker took the Chair ;m>l endeavoured to bring
the House to ord.x. Mr. HrM.it, nftrr bring
draggl'd nwnv, continued lo menace und dare his
Tim fact that du
ly proves that they >
antagonist.
At length,order was restored, aud Mr. Prom-
goole said tie was an advocate V>f order, and he
h. ped the matter would have an immediate invent!-
gnlion, and that the character of the House would
l»e supported, regardless «>f cmisequcnccs to imlivi-
duals. Mr. Hkiggs >ui.l. it had long bt;eu remark
ed, that something iniist Ik; done to change tlie
manners of this House, or that it must be dissolved!
We hud now come to u point in which persoual
abuse must cease fir the House be broken up. Mr.
Banks sold the character of this body had under
gone melancholy change. Gross vulgarity. mmI
personal violence were ns common here, every day,
as on the muster ground or the race field. If thi*
state of things continued, we must go home and
tell th** people, that party spirit or some spirit had
seized upon this body and utterly destroyed its char
acter and utility. Other members spoke, in the same
strain. At length a resolution w as adopted for the
appointment ot ueoimnittee of five members to in-
veHtignte tlie facts of the d»*or*far ami personal
violence ncctming thi • day, iu the House, between
two of its members, w ith power to send for persons,
and direction* to report with all proper diepatch.
'1 lie Commit tie were ..in did lo go into session
immediately.
Mr. Wise expressed the hope that the matter
would not tc suffered lo go over to another day. U
was supposed that the committee would soon report t
hut tln-y did not report, though they went out it lw#
o’clock, and the House was ill session till eleven
o’clo* k at night.
It appears that wink; Mr. Wise was speaking on
the subject of tlie handbill, many meiftberd were
conversing about it in an excited manner. Mr,
Hvni m. who, by the way, is out of health, and is
seldom iu the I louse, was passing between the d**sk»,
mar Mr. R. Gai ‘ ^
allusion to tho
coming out as
• ii d-
Mr. Hvnim,
Hvni * I
not succcud i
hurt.
1 presume
wi!i not serve
si at. and remarked,
circular, "it looks very suspicious,
it did on the evo of it\p Virginia
r. Gaim.xmj turned to linn, suying,
—»/ har “ villain, 1 * “ thiejhie.
ret *rted. Mr. Garland collared
ml blows wt rc iut(*relianged. Mr.
• •( to get out Ids pcnkUile, but did
time lo i.n -it. Neither party was
1 hy I
Aga,
ey aru not bills of credit, or money, |
*e not pax'able to liearcr, and nego.
liable by dclivcrv ; aud tl iim is one of the nttrihutes I
so speak, of nil paper designed to circulate j
v. «In tin* contrary.th* ir negotiability is i
il to it*him* * Xtcnt at lenst hy their being j
transferable by assignment endorsed upon them. In
‘lion 5th of the act of 1*37 it is enacted—
Tint tlir Tr'S«lir> n»*l**» »IibH Irnuh rsl*l« l*V il**- 1
>-**'unh * il*.* -a •IibII, «*ii ill' Im< »* lie'*«•'»*. •*»'*• bm* j
!•• psysblr."
* House will drop the matter. It
and admonition of tlie nuceaaity of
preserving per'oual «l*- ..rum ; for, In the course
of the some day, personal abuse was again resorted
to in the courm* of the debate.
The discussion was continued in cunxmittec by .
Mr. Saltonstall, Mr. Jameson, Mr. Ogle, and
Mr. Davis of Kv., till eleven o’clock, when tho
committee rose and the House adjourned.
In the Senate. Mr. Clay, of Ky. ma«le a strong
speech in opposition to tl ut bill extending the pro.
visions of tho pre-empt ion law, and moved it* re
commitment for amendment; but the motion vu.
lost. The bill was then passed.
Imprisonment for Debt.—We last week copied
paragraph, going th* -ouRds ufalhe (wpers, that
The hold.
of ill'
•oiistructio
ill.*, but h\
(her
A hoi 1X
plae.
prior holders, and
laUly i* limited, if
.ware that others
111hiii this section.
•trained. I
differ* nt construe
tout under it they can lw endorsed in blank
I*v th** (hi•,'«••*, and will, of course, cir datu after,
hx *.l. avers. B it s I I I .lo not hold to Ik
Louisiana has (in
debt. We him .... r
the most drxeeptiv.** irH-tim’iitstliuf^H hser rcjtd—'
niereilc'.s, cru* l, and unjust—so fur from exempting
the |*er»on of* |M*>r diUor 1‘ium imprnMMuncnt. it
cmdeins him to the horror, of a fifthly cell witlwut
judge or jury. Th** title «*f the bill i* the only part
ii|i|*a re
nllv which has a shadow of mercy jll iU
Knot fa
• ■lit creditor to inn iv
in pay merit *d dues to
it ui.ike them money ? |
dunellt oftlie ill lits ol J
> d'-lilB due to It f Ho |
M .late lit II 1, lllUt eir-,
llllM I t it** II. it* debt. I
that is ull deception.
Tin* principal feature is, that no moo •hall bo im-
prisoned for debt who can find a person lo become
« . urit\ l"i- —the /ktymrm qf the dsbt! The
, (l | |nw allowed of urity for appeurapce -tbit
enactment cuts off" al. bop**.— V. S. Gazette,
i iIm-
cd.
filth of
• i*«ri th*
An 6w< i IIoldeb.—A Mags driver in Mwsit-
sippi, oil Ik ing arrninged for ab-ainif from tho
•tag.* J(H) dollar, in m ver, pleaded l»w great temp
|:i* ion III* was exposed toon la*aiing (lw mnyp l
chink . “ ll It had bueii hills,” said he, • I could have
r< ,i,t, d.—But I pray ymir famorlo recollect iliat
I'm an office k ddrr; and the lawyer*Urlfa me you
caul irisk*- more out uf Hn. limn a liafaf
its no pt mltiUtary oUvnce.”