Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page.

JJj UtiUlMMA JOURNAL 1 H «*«r»«.ISNKli wr.KRl.1 »T ..TDII90.1 Til WE ATT, rb K UfiM l*‘^>PlUKrc ron, p V)M.ARS PKR ANNUM, IN ADVANCE, *Q r pOVil P'dlsrs *t the end cf />w» jear. , 1* • »Mr,*or will l**" 1 -V *" ’ * b« *o.»t io*«> f«r*»»n *tM» of «l.« 8uu, until tko p,,,r 411 o- «iti IV.torjr rnfnnmcr |f(Y«n- • ""...hkj .»«iii«nriad u( 7.i until* per itiunra for tkn '••rtiiin ihfrrnfW A null containing, ... r« • "i, 4^ tlViN r.H irolmorloJ .it7-» MnU i *!*it« par k'|U fo fjr t»ack in«i h>• * hr ‘t*** oftjnlUjoln in ill 1 '!'?. laOwnrJ". .... . . . v ibttfta ''Mmixtml mUry, nf Atlniini* nlrcl. rt.M git ins SIXTY /-otto* «f thin 8tntc, nud »1 li •ale*arctn lie lie!<1. uuat bogivcu in Hka man* .M* Pr«l»«tiy,-mat |' y ireiini*lo thn .lirof.alr. „i,fJ* I | h . |) Nn «i Crn.litnra of an F.itat« mnatba publiahod rtffjAfy : h ywill b** raid* to tho Court of Ordinary foi <».«<>'< I,- ,,.,IU,.l«»a fqr FOUIt MONTHS. (.,r«l* '* , C J| \|* IROK.A, mild be published for FOUR orJ^r ahioluta ali ill be wade tbfraon by the y I <fil 5 ' h r " f J «ir»* • .ifi'iiakind mui*l«u«** toreceive prompt attention attbe 4 ^.V-‘UKUR'II l JOURNAL V nPftNUUA nr M\n.-* , Apo.tmaatfrm«y l,r .«i».M. iMi*h. r of n new mm per, to pay thr subscr iption of a frinkth# lettfr, if writtonby hiinaclf.”— Amo* A'an- fiT?«' VOL. XXXV RECEIVED AT BANCROFT’S THUS />./ 1% W>0 jrili. Rich ('lm<n«s, liUO Vila Rich Alaislm Del.ainc. i>OII “ •• I'liglmli l’riui*. 150 Not Shawl#. •Super l.ncc Mitts, 14 Net “ dent's Jllack Kid Glove, « - Hitk “ Soper Wool (Tlovca, Kino I’naliniere do. Millodgovilli*, Nor. 21. 25 to C2) 25 to 50 121 lo IB) $1,00 to $2,26 $1.00 Ittfto'ti? __ 1MIEL1SDGEV1LLE, GEORGIA LEGISLATURE. tottri I I..J6 V 3 - X. II. HKOWN annoanen hiinarlf n« a ,•nnil <l ito lor J iiatii*o of tho Pence of tlie :i*J0tli diet. ..flUldwin county, at the election in January next. WKire authoriz* > il m announce WllsIiillRtOll 1 Stills, ot RnMwin'rowntv, «* n cntvUttaio (or Tax r i»t the ensuing election in Janunrv in xt. 12, J. L. EAST EH i« n Can.li.lntn for * Clerk of thn Inferior Court, at the ensuing Janu ary election. WR are anthori?.cd to nnnmtnee Mimtrick HIVllIN, an a t* tmliilntn lor tlie olhen of ShurllTof II,l.|win county, nt the next January election. If *!-t*l-Cll\Kt v.- KXX13 ja to he the Deputy. M tf ri H ii. t* uiinununcee himself u Can.li.lute for Coroner ol'Unldwin county, at the lj£& running Election. PK.|9th,1fll3. JUST RECEIVED AT THE NEW CLOTHING STORE •'Ind Tailoring Ilslablisltmmt, 1 MI.K. CluthCloakr, • |$25 n $: 1 -w 6 Super do do " n d 50 super IlcnverJFWk nnd Stick Conte, 10 n S ('nasimere I Sntlinet I’lniu Sn Fig’ll « 1*1 tin Velvet Cloth Frock nnd Dresa Vests, 4 a b 12 2t nnihoriaed to nnnoitnco the iiaiue of *.1011!V \\• OUAYIUI-E.na a Candidate for County Surveyor, ui the ousuing January elec- U«c.9lh, 1813. 4CK SALT, largo. R* txXOUH—A large and splendid lot of Canal Flour, just X T "ri vcd “ nd fur ’“ ,0 hy WRIGHT & 8TF.T8ON. a "rtN!lliX UCT’l'Elt, nrimn arllolr.fnr anla h» Nov.iii. WKimiT &. -sriri-.sil.N. I'iR'il Also, n now siipplj- or IIroiidcloths nml Cassiiucros. nik. numctci.iti.) »S,,er yard. Super do. d». i! lo *1li “ •• Blue do. ,3 u « Mixel do. ,2 •• .. IMk Caeriinere, ,1 « « Fancy do. 1,53 n 0,60 “ •• HE XT DOOR TO THE TOST OFFICE. Nor. 21. 8 if F..W. BANCROFT. ailOAKS-St.i'rou J5 Orleana Sugar., furs No*. 21. WNEW FALL G001)S„® 330 PACKAGES OF GOOD^l OPENED AT BANCROFT'S, THE HIIQEST AND AS WELL SELECTED STOCK OT GOODS AS can re found in the interior or gkokgia. ’200 piccvti Broadclotlifl, Ciissimcrcs nnd hUtllllClk. Good Mixed Brondclolh, f " Green and Brown do. Super do do do Super Blue and Hlnck do Stiperiur Fnglish Cnttsiineres, Ki:i»OUTOI THE JOINT STANDING COMMIT TEE ON THE PENITENTIARY. The Joint Standing Committee on the Peniten tiary have had under consideration the various mat ters connected with that Institution, and as!t leuve to submit the following REPORT: The first question which naturally presented it- self to the consideration of tho Committee, wa9 (he propriety of ubolislung the whole system of Potii- UMitiury imprisonment. They are awn re, that in many sections of the Stale the popular voice is clam orous for its abolition. Allowing the proper dc- gree of deference to popular opinion, in all legisla tive proceedings, the Committee are of opinion that in this instance, it is an unsafe criterion. There is perhaps no subject upon which public sentiment is so impulsive as that of punishing crime. The Peuiicnliary system fails to accomplish all that was expected of it. Convicts are not converted from rogues into honest men. The Treasury is annu ally called upon for n .small sum to meet the deficit of tho institution; and the muss of the people, with out waiting to look into nil tho different bearings of tho subject cry away with tlie Penitentiary system, and ruatore lo us tho more sanguinary code of our futhers. Tlie Legislature yield to the popular voice—the system is abandoned, and tite more san guinary code is adopted—the courts commence their sessions, and under tite operalim of tite code thus re r lured, individual* arc swung off into eterni ty fur petty larcenies—the lush, liie branding iron and tite pillory aro applied upon the public square of our villages for misdemeanors commuted—hor ror takes hold of the people at witnessing these tragedies—grows into indignation at the system which inflicts them, and the succeeding Legislature is driven, by a popular tornado, into the restoration of the Penitentiary system. This is not theory, but u simple recital of a portion of the history of Geor- WR.GHT Sc 8TF.TSON. MUFFLE, a large lot of nil kiiuK just rernve.l nnd lor C Mlel.y WIUGHT & STETSON. b : : LTkaviieat I'l.OI It. jn.-t received mi for nl. by *" “ Nuv.21. T EAS—Imperial, II) » fur.(ilc by Nor. SI. mCKEHEL, No. I, Mnov.21. 7iAVlH.US-Sponn.iml Ti.P L, Nor.21 ' Camlla.ju.t rac’d auil fir aalc by WRIGHT & STETSON. M olasses—a i-™- lo1 ' ,l N.wAhri—a.»«dcuba Muin.io. ill .tore ami foraala by Not .,l. WRIGHT & STETSON. WIUGHT Sc STETSON. TAILS, of till kinds, and of euperinr quality, for sale by \ kS;J|. WRIGHT & STETSON. C OTTON BAGGING. sii|i*;rior article,,44i inch wide, for sale by WRIGHT Sc STEISON. •' American and English do. Satinets, very good, " super, Tweeds Cntsitnere, new article, Heavy Sheep's Gray, Vermont Cloth, “ Blue and Blnek Felt do. for overcoats, 4000 yards 4*4 Black nml Col’d Eng. Alrnno, 1.50 to $2,00 2.50 to 3,50 4.00 to 7,00 3.00 to 10,00 1.75 to 3,00 1.75 to 3,00 1.00 to 2,00 43 3-1 do 1000yards Black and Col’d Alpacas, 5000 “ Mouslin l>e l.aine, 2000 “ Fowlaril Silk, Super Pnrmenta Cloth for Ladies'Cloaks, Super hlnck, blue, fix’d and striped Silks,new style, One TIioii&siihI Shawls. Net Shawls, I'lniu do Fine Damask do “ Merino do Black and White Coir Super do di Brown Half llosc, Hosiery, I 'ills,I 1*0 IWTOES—26 bills, prime Irish Potatoes, in More and for lule by Nuv/ji, WRIGHI Sc STETSON. NEW GOODS again uuceived AT TPIETjSA^©m s §o O PENING this day at Tl'dllior's, a fresh supp ly o Fancy nml Muptlc l>ry CSootte, in addition to hi* former large and well selected stork. The Goods rc- ceirril consist, in part, of the following, vi*: Rich Changeable Alapaccas, for ladies dresses. Rich ('litis Cbusans. Rich Striped M. Do Lane, double width, 4-4 French Prints, Fancy Gimps, Sup. Superfine Brondcloths, Hrocnde Coat and Vest Buttons. White,Red,and Yellow Flanneln, Black and White Cotton Hose, Scc. See. UTAH in want or I GOODS AND GOOD BARGAINS, would find it lo their interest lo call and examine, us the goods will be disposed ofnt unusually low prices. Please to call at theaign ottlie Now-York Dry Goods Store. JOHN TREANOR. Adm’r. Dec. 12.ff ^ JUST RECEIVED AND NOW OPENING AT TREANOR’S, FaRY CHOICE LOT OF CHUSANS. »nd a variety of other Goods too numerous lo men tion. Pleuse call nnd examino. JOHN TlXEANOlt. Nov.OPth. 9 if 5000 yards 4-1 brown Homespun 5000 “ 3-4 do do 3000 “ Bleachod do 10.000“ Dark Calicoes, 10,000“ Red and White Flannels. in) to $3.oo 50 to 1,50 3.00 to 5«50 3.00 to 10,00 10 pnlr for ^1,00 12 1-2 to 25 HI 5 &.*0 fi to 12 1-2 CJto 12 1-2 t. 25 to 50 Also, si large Mot h of Nc‘k r ro Goods, Superior Twilled Kerseys, 22 “ Plain do 20 to 31 Lowell Culde Kerso.vs,new suparior article, 31 lo37 I 2 1000 Twilled Blankets, 0-4, 95 to 1,121-2 do do 7-1, 75 oOO superior 9-4 do. dufiii 100 to 1,50 Lindseys, Osnnhurgs, &c &c.&c. Every variety of Goods can Im found at tho Subscriber’s, nil of which are too numerous to mention. Pleuse call uud nee. !\«*xt Door (o the Post Office. Oct. 17. 3 tf E. \V. BANCROFT. .\L\\ F.\LL ANY) WINTER GOODS NOW OPENING AT S1IAIIA.VS. J UST received nnd now offered for sale by the Subscriber, ■ Ill/e and well selected stock of Full and Winter Goods. He respect fully inviteaihe attention of all to call and ace.— Among the Goods received will be found— 1000 pa Calicoes, from fij to 37| (>00 “ Homespun 64 to 25 50 “ Red Flannel 25 to 75 100 dox. Cotton Hose 12| t» 50 Silk Hose, Hairdo., Linen Cambrlek Hdkfs from 37 to $1. A ItandsMiie selection ol Mose D’Lains, rich and new style. Hi# stock is extensive andcomplete—the itema ton numerous to mention. JAH. H. SHAMAN. P.Ji. A handsome assortment of Broadcloth*, Canimeres, Vestings, Jeans of dilfereut styles, French Duflle and Negro Blanket*. Gcases Leghorn and Straw Bonnets, of the lntest styles. All ofwhich will be sold lower ihuncan be hud in Augusta or Savannah. SIIA HAN. Oct. 10. 2 tf BONNETS 1 BONNETS! I ECEIVED at Bniirroff 'st a full supply of Fashion $1,00 R ecei aide Bonnets for Fall nnd Winter, Velvet Trimmed Bonnets, Lk do 75 Fig’dSilk do 2,01) Velvet do 2,25 Tarleton Silk do 3,50 Silk Trimmed do 12,00 Willow, Florence nnd Palm Leaf Bonnets, any price Milledgcville, Oct. 10,1013. 2 tf 30 AT BANCROFT’S! *d this week. CASES H ATH Fur Huts,broad rii Fusliionable Cashmere, “ Denver, Fur Caps, Glar.cd, Velvet and Cloth Caps,all prices. Milledirevillc.net. 10, 1813. $.150 250 n 1,00 4,00 4,00 a 7,00 1,50 worth 3,00 3.00 worth 5,00 tf New Ea\V and YTinter Dry (Voods RECEIVED AS SUBAXTOR’S, ForOeiHlomcii’s Wear S rtUP. Broadcloths, fiom$2,50 up. O “ Cnssimeres, ui all prices. “ HutinetsandTweeds, ull prices: English Fustins, Hup. Woollen, Velvet and Valencia Vestings, Satin '* all of w hich will be disposed ofnx low ns nt any house this si uf New-Ymk- Please call at the sign of lUe Ncw-York Dry Goods Store. Oct. 10,1013. 2 If JOHN TREANOR. Adm’r. s k o .t n s. Ett’Kcitedasmullhilnf S EO AR S among wlachart Star UcKalin., L.a Surcnla.-iun, I.a Hllann, l.a Molina-, rillons, Oiprlaaonial Pi'lacipir, Fw LA 11 ONLY. WRIGHT Sc STETSON. Q** 1 -31*i,|B43. 5 tf Also, itlai'RC stock of NEGRO GOODS ! £1 UP. Plain Kerseys, 28 to 311 O Twilled do 25 “ Lowell cable Kerse. , * inseya, IB to ST| Ab supply ofNctri'O Shoes, Which will bo dispi of lower limn any liuose in thisplare. JOHN TREANOR. Adro’r. let. 10.1843. 2 If €lien|» Tailoring Establishment* i Starch. m Imperial l • n ii | ■(• w dei A large lot of Bagging. Manrliu Rope. Itusi ATTENTIOWl \\^U*rc now receiving our Full and Winter supply of . Fnniily Groceries, I e °* ,,,, *ng in part of the following article#: 1 , | , . ,d ^O'ernment Java Coffe* "•MHio Coffee, "Cuba do. \ heguirn do. -*»i u cn.!; , B„«;. ‘ portoriro do ' Ma*c»viido do. o do. Dnulila i,•lined Loaf do. . in. Lru-hed M ** do. H -ybit** llavnnnah do. H Jperm Candle*. I, I/" 11 Sc Soil’s Tallow d „ do. n new arlirk*. . Sc Burk wheat FI M Jo. I, Mackerel. ii boelwii Butter. • «n .' ,0 1’heeec. ''®lgatc'a Soap. »n;l muiv nibor nrlirl. "wb-illb. IC43. CS s of fashiutiable Ca r|MIKaitbserilier, ever tlinokful for the patronage which li* I has receiicd since raiding in Mille igevillo, would spcctfully infoim bis friends, customers nnd the Public gene rn 11 v, that he lias just received the luteal Loud Philadelphia Fall fashions.nnd is now prepared to make up gentlemen’s garments in Ilia neatest and most fnshlonahli style, lie w ill warrant his work t»* be done erjuat the City, lie lir»« on hand a f» mere which lie will s. II low;. lie hopes, by strict attention to business to merit a ihnrc of public patronage. j\’. |t.—Old Clothes neatly repaired. Cutting done with neatness amf dispatch. He hus a Coal Pattern draftedexpresslvforlhe lion. Henry ClVv. LIT I'll Ell HW INK. lie will employ a Journeyman, if immediate application he made, to whom the highest wages will be given. Milledgcville,Oct.t», 1843. 2 lit Hemp do. Nail# of all kinds. Iron uiit' Steel. Castings. Best sperm oil winleratreintd. *• Fail do. “ Whale refined do. •• Linseed do. New Orleans Molasses. Cuba do. Boot's Patent A xes. A large lot of Salt. Bucket# and Brooms, numerous to mention, all of correspond with the times, by WRIGHT dc STKTrtON New Book®, Novels, Ac. t|JST RECEIVED, ‘ V’/o Tmdncnlr an Histon. nl ft • J uni lire, by the author of “7'fce Fain fi*<” die; Alan, by Frederica Bremer; “.l/ogic nml Mi nnu riitn," a story of thu ICtli century; u l \fc nnd public tcrvicet of Henry Ctny\ •• The Jhtnl.tr's IIVc,” by Mrs. Gore. The FretidcuCi Daughter** A I.HO “TllF. MV8TF.ltIES UF PARIS,” A Novel by Euge NaiatIVI TlUVIil IRD AIULUHOMS Ti.u>. (Toi'itx IliKTOX; Et.i.rx IhvilV. or “the adrentorrs of Green Horn hi Town ami Country”. SLKKr-RlD**, •Tho Old Boy in the Omnibus;” Al.t.isox’* Histoky, fro tho commencement of the Revolution lo the restoration of thr Bmutmns. Tint l.iric «•»* John C. Calhous; I'hi: ItiioTiinir, THE WORKS of Lord Byron complete, l o- r,.il,,. r wj()i u nttinber of oilier valuable publications which can be purchased at the JOURNAL OFF ICE. TUESDAY. DECEMBER 26, 1H43. It b< comes, then, a question whether, in the faco uf (hose facts, adequate inducement it ui* fered for such rcmovul. A suggestion was made tu the committee, that it might be profit able to remove thu pti.xon to the north-uc»u*rn part of tho State, nnd employ the convicts in the munnfitcturu «»f iron front the oru which abounds there in great quantity. But the Committee are satisfied that it is by no means n curtain business, even in tlie bauds of an individual, himself alone interested in tho investment, and they think it a safe rule, where profit is iho object, never to employ pubiic ngcnlsitt a pursuit at all precorious in the bands of a private Company. At be*', it would be but on experiment, nnd if it should fail, from the fact that it proved unprofitable, or from the exhaus tion of the ore within a distance warranting Iran*, portution, or from other causes, tho whole cost of the enterprise would he a total loss to die State.— Taking n view then of the whole question, tho com miltce believe Hint it is inexpedient for the present to remove the Penitentiary from its present loco tiop. Perhaps tlie Committee ought lo anticipate an inquiry, which will naturally be made. “Will it nut cost ns much or nearly so to rebuild iho Peni tentiary, as to build u new prison 7 Tho Commit- me think not. Tie true the shops were ulmost nil I destroyed by tlio late fire; but the wall, cell build j ing. offices of keeper and book keeper, repository j of finished work, with the outbuildings, sheds, Ate. i are left. Besides, there are brick enough on the , spot for nil the necessary purposes of rebuilding; and, n portion of the convicts not required to work on the improvements, may be kept manufacturing such articles ns may be most readily converted in to money. To remove and erect a new prison will necessarily suspend all operations in manufacture* unless a portion of the convicts bo left in the pres ent prison, while the others are engaged in building tite new one, to lo which will require mi additional corps of officers and guard, at an additional expense ..f over eight thousand dollars annually. The Comniiiieu will submit very concisely, some of Hi impediments, which, in their opinion, have been in the way of u successful prosecution of labor in Penitentiary. In tho first place, the prison was badly constructed; this lias been a complaint from the keeper and inspectors for years. Tho wall a- round the prison yard, is but little protection against escapes, and makes it necessary to employ a grea er number of guard Hi m would ot tcrwisc be neccs- i sary. Tito shops were so constructed ns to require an overseer, in each department constantly, nnd the convicts were always aware of every move ment, bis eye was not on them. If tho shops were so constructed, ns to permit the overseer to have an eye upon tho movements of tho convicts without tlioir knowledge of the fact, ono overseer could discharge the duty which lias heretofore required four, and do it moro efficiently. There is grout terror in the idea of an invisible sermiuizer of our actions, when certain uud sudden punishment is tli reward of transgression. But, perhaps, Hie greatest obstacle is the fact, that tite Institution hus been in debt almost from the time of its creation, and the result hus been (and especially is this true of the last few years) that she bus hud to pay for her credit, wlmt would j be a fair compensation lor her labor, in tho munu , facturc of tlio article purchased. In fact she bin been comp'etely at the mercy of those, to whom she applied for credit, nnd compelled to submit to any terms dictated, or go without subsistence nnd materials. It needs no argument tu convince eve ry rational mind, that any business conducted under such circumstances must be u losing business, Thr plan of selling uii credit, has also burnt H great dri back upon her resources, the melancholy evidence of which consist* in a batch of worthies* pa per. amounting to over thirty thousand dollar*. The Committee are of opinion, that the pursuit of many ot Hie branches of Mechanics in the In stitution, has been n mistaken policy. Most of the convicts sent, are ignorant ol any (rude, and of course have to go through n kind of apprenticeship. To put them upon any brunch difiiculHo learn, nnd requiring materials which arc costly,| is n losing business to llio Institution. The Cnnnnilteo are j ol opinion that ali those branches, using costly ma | tcrials, and icqniriiig skilful and faithful mechanics, | ought to lie abandoned. Tlio Committee, believe, itiai another circumstance, which has prevented our Penitentiary from vicing with similar Institu. tions in her mechanical labors, has been the limited period lor which most of her convicts have been j sentenced. By the time they learn a trade, and become useful to thu Institution, tlu ir sentence ex- , pircs, and they go out. This makes it little hotter than a shop ol apprentices,all the lime wasting ma- tonal, and putting up rough jobs. By referring to tho reports of the Prisons of the most of the Nor. them and Middle States, we (yid the term of sen- li longer, than in Georgia for similar i offences. 'I wetity years with them is a very com mon sentence, ami many are there sentenced for I life, lor ofience* which in Georgia, would not sub ject them to more Hun four or five years. The j Committee also think there is a disproportion in tite terms of sentence for some of the offences known ; to our code, and have submitted a resolution,diroc- | ting the Judiciary Committee, to report a bill re- I medial of that evil. | It may be expected of the Committee, that they i will roco-nmcud some definite plan of operations to be pursued in the Institution for tlie future. Tiie impracticAhility of this however, most bo apparent to every reflecting mind. The little time allowed to the Committee to investigate the subject, in the : midst ol their duties in attending on the daily pro ceedings of the Legislature, may enable them to discover defects in tho plan heretofore pursued, I and create doubts a* to tho expediency of others suggested. Mure than this, it cuunut do.—Ex perience alone can tost the policy of any change iiicli may be made ; nnd those immediately Among the many evidences that distinguish the civilized from the sa>ngo state, the mode of punishing crime is perhaps not the least prominent. With the one. it is the source of grutulaiion and of joy; with the oilier the melancholy testimony of the frailty of man. Tho mind untaught by the lights of civilization, and unsanclified by tiic Gos pel of truth delights in nothing so much us the shed ding of blood—prizes no skill so highly ns that which separates soul uml body with most torture to its victim. While man restored to himself, by the truths of scienco and the ministration of the Word, regards punishment us a melancholy but necessary evil, inflicted upon society by the depravity of hu man naturo, nnd seeks to ascertain that mode, which while it answer* best tho end of its adoption, is most likely to bring back the offender to a place in society. To this end the Committee are of opin ion, that tlio Penitentiary system, properly regula ted, is the best which experience has been able to devise- The Committee will here remark that he who expects by any system of punishment, to re form all who may full within its influence, is asking moro than human institutions will ever he able lo accomplish. Mun in his best estate, is hut o per- orsc being; and when nurtured in crime, and har dened in villany, becomes a monster rarely reform- d short of a power omnipotent. If, however, by tlio system we have adopted, less sanguinary in its haracter, but more certain in its execution than tho ono which we left, wo kIiiiII he able to restore to society ono of every hundred uf tho unfortunate victims of crime, is it not beiltr than tlmt so ma ny should be hurried from thu stage of life so little prepared for such a change. But there are those who regard this ns a question simply of dollars and cents—-to such the commit tee would submit u few observations. The Peni tentiary has been in operation about twenty six ears, and has cost the State, on an average, twelve housutid dollars annually. Without now discus sing the question whether this may not be remedied by a thorough change in tho operations of tho insti tution, let us see what wo shall gain in a pecuniary )int, by its abolition. No one, we presume, will advocutc the propriety of abandoning all punish ment for crime; if, therefore, we abolish Peniten- mry imprisonment, we only bring tho common jail* of the different counties, tlio more into requisi- ion. The Committee regret that they have not the means of ascertaining, with something like cer tainty, the incrcused expense to the different coun ties, which will necessarily ensue upon tlie aban donment of this s)*'.cm. From tlio best estimate they have been able to make, they suppose it will not fall mucii short of ono hundred and fifty dol lar* aumiully to each county, making within u frac tion of fourteen thousand dollars to the State. Nor is this tlie only item ol additional expense which must follow tlmt result. Every one at all acqualn- I tence is m ted with thctiiul of offences, requiring a full pan- d of jurors, will have an idea of tho cost to the ountry in time and money, of every such trial.— When tlie criminal upon conviction is sent to the Penitentiary for a term of years, there is at least a spite for that length of lime from uny further ex- pense for trying him, us well ns from his depreda- ions upon tho honest inhabitants of the country.— Whereas by any -other mode of punishment, which, however sanguinary in its character, (short of tak- _ life) must necessarily he temporary in its dura tion; you leave tho felon not likely to he improved in his morals, and subject lo he tried ut the next term of the court, which may sit within the circuit of his lawless operations. A sain, under anyother system than that, which like the present, makes the xpenso of the convicts, the common debt of the country, you cannot make an equitable distribution of the burden among the people. There must he a venue fur tho trial of offences, and the constitution hus provided, uud w idely so, that it shall ho in the county where the ci lino is committed. Experience has shown thut those men, who have studied in the charge of the Institution, can best make the experi- acliool of vice ore generally too shrewd to practice i me nt. A suggeaiior. was made to the Committee, NO 13. labor of our convicts, we relieve tlmt large and re- 'pectable class of our citizens, the mechanical pro fession, from competition with Penitentiary labor, and that contact with degruded mechanic* which, to some extent must occur, so long us wo continue annually to turn them out to earn their bread by lie trade w hicli serves as tho budge of their dis grace. The Committee arc satisfied that the manufacture wool huts, may he carried on profitably with portion of the convicts. They learn from an intelligent source, thM any quantity of wool muy ho purchased in tho West, ut from 20 to 25 coins, and transported here at4 cents per pound. ]t is a trade easily learned, and tho cost of tho^. necessary tools, is a more trifle. By making a good article, uud putting it in nmiket at u fuir advance upon materials lor tho lubor he. stowed, would warrant a ready conversion into cush ; and the lightness of the article, would war rant transportation to uny point where the market might invite.—Tlio Committee are also, of opinion, thut u tun-yard muy he advantageously connected will) the Institution. Thc&o uro the speculations of ilie Committee, founded upon such data as was within their control, the truth of which must at lust depend upon the experiment. Tho Committee considered the propriety of di recting tlio labor of the convicts to woiks without Hie Penitentiary ; uud also, ol converting tho pun ishment from hard lubor, to solitary confinement without labor. They u*e satisfied that neither cun bo done, without such violation of law, us to enti tle the prisoner to his liberty. They are sentenc- ed to M hurd labor in the Penitentiary of this State,*’ and cannot ho compelled under thut sentence to la bor elsewhere- It is lawful to make any change in tlio sentence of u convict, which lessens tlie rig »r of his sen- tenco; but nut otherwise. It miglit possibly les sen that rigor by ptitiing them to lubor elsewhere limn in tho Pcuitcntiury ; hut at the same lime, it might increase tlio hazard to their live*, by increas. ing the facility for escape. Again—if wo once de cide that they can ho legally taken from tlio Prison, Ibr ono purpose, may they nut ho taken for any purpose ? Who is to decide which is less, and which more rigorous tliun the sentence authorises? But is it leas rigorou*, lo confine them solitary with out labor, than to keep them nt hard labor ? The Committee think not, Purudoxicu! us it may seem the lubor of the convict is u portion ofliis piiviicge, under his sentence, of which he i nnnol he legally deprived. Fliu Commiitt e uro ol opinion that a portion of tlio convicts may he employed profitably on works discount clod with tho Penitentiary, and and liavo reported a hill to so change tho sentence in iuturc, as to utitiiorizo the Governor to diiect such change of labor. i lie Committee examined into the financial con dition of tho Institution, uml find it largely Indebted to different individuals, with small iiicuns lo meet i s indebtedness. Many of those debts have been standing lor years, nml the creditor* are curncstly entreating that some provision he mndo for their payment. The Committee are sutMied tlmt tlio Institution can do nothing of itsell towurd their pay • ment. their schemes in tiie immediate vicinity of their homes; hut pounce down upon somo unsuspecting neighborhood, where suspicion wiil not ho likely to rest upon them—thus, on apprehension, imposing the whole cost of their conviction nnd punishment upon a county in no way interested in, or respon sible for them. In ibis way u lew counties of the Stale may be driven loone of two nltermitivcs, ei ther to bankrupt tiieir treasuries in tho trial of of- that a factory, for the fabrication of bagging from j cotton, would he very profitable, and might be ex. 1 tended so fur ns to employ most cf the convicts in , its attention. The Committee took some pains to ; ascertain what would he the cost to put such a fan. 1 lory in operation, propelled by a 40 horse power i engine ; and came to the conclusion, that exclu sive of tho lubor of the convicts, it will cost within . a fraction of $12,000. The Committee are satis- By exhibits furnished (he Committee by the of ficers in elm i go of the lust Minion, it appear?, that there is now due to individuals thirty .five thousand dollars Due to tile Institution in prper, consider ed collectable, three thousand dollars. Of finish, ed work on hand,nt nmtked prices $14.000. Slock on hand (deducting $1,100 d ;strnyed by the fire) $17,000. It will he rendibi perceived l»v tin# showing, that the Legislature'must make provision for the payment of the debts, or they will gn unpaid. The Committee have conclu le I to ask (or the ap propriation of thirty-two thoiwutid dollars lo pay the debts, that being tlio amount of Hie indebtedness, deducting tho three thousand dollars in good pa- perdue to the Institution; and which they think should go to Iho payment of debts. It may he ask- ed bv somo, why the finished work on hand may not also he set apurt to pay debts. In the first place, the Committc are satisfied that tho most of the articles are such ns cannot tie readily converted into money, and if foicedupon tho mnrkct, must he soldnl great sacrifice. Ami again, if wo take from the Institution, ali her assets, we Icavo her without the meant of subsistence. It must ho re- collected, that the Into fire destroyed all the simps and tools. The next year will ho occupied chiefly in re-building tlio Institution, and will manufacture comparatively little for sale, Thu Committee ore decidedly of opinion, that the appropriation for this purpose ought to he granted by the Legislature.— The State is bound by every principle of moral honesty to pay tho debts of the Penitentiary con tracted in good faith. The State lias acquiesced in the course heretofore pursued by the Institution in contracting debts, ha* mnde the necessity for much of its indebtedness, by leaving it without tlie moans of subsistence, lias assumed the guardianship of the Institution by passing one of the moitexirn- rdinary acts, perhaps upon record, allowing it to sue, hut prohibiting it from being sued, evidently implying thereby*that she, thu State, would do voluntarily, what the Penitentiary would he com- pcl/ed to do, if left to its chances in a court of law. Thu Committee are also of opinion, thut our true interest requiric* us to pay those debt*. The Com- mitteo have already stated, that the embarrassed condition of the Institution, has been one of the chief difficulties in the wny of its property. If the Log. Llaturu now refuse to pay, that embarrassment will be increased. Let no member console hi in so'f with tho idea that tin abandonment of the system will relieve us of this embarrassment- Thu system is not to hu shaken off in un instant. Some of the convicts are in for life, many for u long tetm of years,tlio Penitentiary must operate till these sen- tences be cxpcutcd, whatever be the code in force. Wo have 817,000 of stock, of hut little value in its present shape, and which cannot he worked up. without the purchase of other materials logo with Again, if the Legislature adopt the report of tlie Committee, so far as it recommends the con tinuance of Hie system, it is all important. Hint tho debts should he pai l, ami tho Institution relieved from ull embarrassment-—We propose to moke on experiment by a change of operations in thu Insti tution, let us not make that experiment with tied hands ! t'onces, nnd feeding offenders, or to suffer viulutors : fled, from culeulutions which they made, nnd from nf the law to pursue with impunity thiir unholy nvo. cations. Tho cnimnitteu, for tlie.su and many oth* er reasons which might lie urged, uro iiio.I deci dedly oppo-cJ tu thu abandonment uf the Peni tentiary System. The next question which occupied the attention of tho Committee, was the expediency or inexpedi. ency of removing tho Penitentiary from its present location. Upon enquiry they ascertain that to re move the convicts and erect a prison on a new site with the necessary shops and fixtures, will occupy two yenu time; nt an expense for subsistence and pay of officers nnd guard, of over 17,000 dol lars Annually. In connection with this, when we lake into account tiie cost of transportation, and the loss upon materials now on hand, together w ith the delay in many of Iho branches uf mechanics, for Iho want of sca-oned timber nt tho new prison, wo may safely coocludo that the whole cost of removal wiil not full short of fifty thousand dollars. conversations with intelligent gentlemen, acquaint- I ed with the business, that such u direction of the 1 tabor of the convicts would result in handsome pro fits to the State, But there is, to the minds of the Committee, one almost insuperable argument against it, its constant liability to destruction by fire. The grout quantity ofcombustible materiul always nt hand, the facilities offered tho convicts in their access to all parts of the building, would offer daily opportunities to such us malice might prompt, to communicate a match.—In this, how. ever, the Commiilec may be mistaken,'nnd if so, ire of opinion that the enterpri’/n is worth the hazard of an experiment. If successful, several very desirable objects will Iiqvo boon accomplished. In the first place, the Stole will, w hile making pro fit from her convict labor, be annually consuming large quantities of her great staple, and taking n decided step tow ards asserting her independence ■f foreign markets. Again, by thus directing thu In view of the rebuilding of tlie prison, the Com. inittec ask an appropriation of eighteen thousand dollars, (or the purchase of materials and subsis tence for the next two years, The Committee are satisfied that this appropriation is not as much as the interest of tlio institution requires ; hut us they nre under the nec-ssiiy of asking so much for the payment of its debts, they concluded to nsk fur no more for the purposes of rebuilding tlie prison nnd furnishing subsistence, than is absolutely ncccssa- r y- The Committee, bv their sub.Committees, have examined tho bonks of the institution, together with its police, and the cause of the lute fire. Tney find the books of the institution kept in accordance with tho requirements of the law, aud nro satisfied that tho hooks and abstracts furnished the Coin, miltce appointed to examine into the police of the institution, nnd the cause of the lulu fire, report, that us far ns they have been ennhled to ascertain, i the officers and gunrd have been prompt and vigi Uni, agreeable lo th- general regulations. They -re satisfied that the burning ttu brought -bout by a -loir match in '.ha harneaa -hop, a-t by the con- viols. They find upon -lamination into the cor poral punishment in the Institution, that in ordinary canes, the convicts linve not been more severely punished than is usual in such cases. They examin ed th-convicta suspected uf the burning and find that they had been severely punished, hut not more ■o than their character in the institution, connected with this uffonco authorized. All of which is most respectfully submitted. It EPOItT OF TIIE MINORITY COM Jilt TEE ON TIIE PENITENTIARY. The minority of tho Committee on tho Peniten tiary, beg leuvo to eulimii the following REPORT After having devoted much time and labor in tlio examination ol tho affairs ofthis Institution, tho mi nority of your Committee have felt desirous tu con cur with the majority in their opinions and recom. inendaiions, nnd extremely regret that their sense nf public duly, as well as their view, of the perma nent policy and true interests of the Slate compel them, in part, to dissent. The great objects of all criminal law are the pun ishment nnd reformation of offenders. The Peni- lenil' nlury system ha, been adopted to accomplish these ends ut tho loast possible expense to tho pub lic, It is doubtless hud Its origin also in the most extended benevolence and in thoae kindly aympn. thie, of our nature which prompt to tho abrogation of ull lltoso cruel and sanguinary punishments that have marked the usceiidoucy of despotic end arbi trary power in every age of tlio world. Having become the settled policy of this and other Slates, it ought nut he disturbed except fur grave and seri ous considerations. li is not to he disguised however, tlmt theexper. imont in Georgia hus thus fer proved a partial fail, uro. The institution has not lincl the predicted sal utary effect opt n the morals of the people, cither in the prevonliun of crime, or the reformation of tho unfortunate criminals. The decrease of the num ber uf rite convicts, appearing from tho last report of the Principal Keeper, lias been mainly caused by the number uf deaths that occurred during tiie pro. vailing sickness nf tho past season and not by the Cliiniinilioii of crime, or iho lessened number of convictions in the State. In tlio pecuniary point of view, the operations of the system have been even less satisfactory. In deed. it has been us an eating canter upon the body politic, tlmt has well nigh reached tho heart of tho- Treasury itself. The institution was established in the year 1816,. and with scarce a solitary exception, from that time tu this, its appeal has coine annually In tho Gener al Assembly for aid. The average yearly deficit, is stated iti tho report of the Principal Keeper, at about 812.500. making during the 27 yeas ol its continuance, the enormous sum of three hundred thirty-seven thousand and fee hundred dollars! Even now, it comes before the Legislature, with an indebtedness of nearly thirty five thousand dollars /' in claims which must he paid in order to sustain tho honor nnd integrity of the Slate. Nor is this all. The last report declares the Ion. res in tho Inst three years and nino nnnihs, tu be only 87,821 SO. This, in the opinion of your mi nority, is wholly delusive. By comparing tho items in that report with those in former years, your committee Imvo observed a vory largo increase in the material, stock and manufactured articles, on hand. They arc reported nt 844,452. Theso if tlio experience of former yours bo taken ns a cri terion, must ho s, Id nt a honvy sacrifice—perhaps ut half their estimated value—and to tlmt extent must tlie actual losses ubovo mentioned ho increas ed. The losses of 1840 ulonc, nro estimate nt 817,- 200 55! ludeen tho whole history of the concern has been one of accidents aud mismanagement. Twice hits It been partially consumed by fire—ul- ways has it been in debt—always craving for mo ney. It has by turns been under the control ol ev ery party—nnd enjoyed every degree of capacity in ilie mun who Imve managed its nfluirs, and yet. the re-,ill has been uniformly thu same, to w it: re- pouted disaster and increased indebtedness—and after the expenditure of nearly half a million ol dol lars, the Suite has at this time left only a mass of unsaleable articles, tho cells aud mouldering walls, tl,rough which, in thu expressive language of tho Principal Keeper, "a convict teith a shoe-knife could cut his way in half an hour." The minority of your committee, have there fore heni rcluctanllv driven In thu conclusion, that thusc glaring defects must cither he inherent to Iho system, or incident to the location. The experi ence of other States nnd tho convictions ol reason, alike forbid the former conclusion. A plan which, bus worked so well elsewhere, and which in tlie hands of others. Ims been a source of acluul reven ue, cannot he inherently defective. While there fore, wo a >ree w ith the majority of your committee,, in tho propriety uf continuing the system in the ab stract, we beg leave lo dissent nnd differ from theta in that part of their report, which declures it ‘-in expedient to remove the establishment from its present location at this time.” Tho minnriiyof your committee, nro clearly of' the opinion that the rcmovul is now required as u, matter <>f sound and permanent policy on tho purl of the State. The expenditure of,even fifty thous and dollurx for this purpose in four years, would ho nothing compared with this heavy, never ceasing drain upon the Treasury. Your minority fully cm,cur with thu Governor, in his recommendations relativo lo u change of labor. They believe it wo dd ho wise and prudent, especially as connected with tlie suggestions of thu late Executive and Prin cipal Keeper, on the subject of removal. After much experience and reduction, those gentlemen have deliberately expressed the conviction, thut the present is tlio worst location that (could huve been selected. The present too, is the proper juncture for such removal. Tlio loss of the wotk shops and tools by tho recent fire, will necessarily call fur a heavy ex- ic-ndituro tu rebuild and refit the establishment for lusiuess. Eight thousand dollars is now asked fur this purpose. Tlie dilapidated condition of tho walls, reminds us that they too, will soon have to ho built, while there is no propor material conveni ent, with which tu accomplish the work. The bricks already made, might serve a temporary pur pose, hut u true economy should teach us tu seek fur something moro substantial and enduring. If then, the Penitentiary is to be removed at all, now is the time to accomplish tho work, with the great est facility and nt least expenso. Your minority ore clearly ofthe opinion, that tho present location is not oidy unsuitable, but that it is the principal obstacle in the way of the Institution’s success. It is cut off from an easy and ready ac cess to market, and tho surrounding country is nut sufficiently densely populated to consume the man ufactured uitides. Hence their heavy increaso, aud the corresponding losses. To this may be ad ded the great difficulty and cost of procuring mate rials, the high prices of provisions and police ser vice. The majority of your committee, seem to ho of the opinion, that the removal of the present con victs, would be illegal, inasmuch "as they kavel/cen sentenced generally lo confinement in the Penitentia ry of the Elate, at Milledgcville." Your minority believe this objection to be more technical than sound—but if it he correct, it could easily be obviated by obtaining tho consent of the convict to the removal, und by providing by law, • remedy in the change of the sentenco to he passed under future convictions. Tlio mojority further consider tho removal os precluded by serious difficulties and the henvy ex pense ; not sn in the opinion of your minority. The change, like all others of a great and important character, must be cautiously and judiciuusly made. It cun be done gradually, to as not tu luao even the