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I w m ■ i i> i ivw $-v -^-2. w it! At»N*» orixtm 1V«i PknUtrt? OM if Hmemsk, al tte itaMtff fifttfoy m life fort dety if Nooembsr, 1944. Mr. President, and to ytn* gentlmren of tbe Plan* te*e* Olab of Hancock—Aa an bumble merobar of ybdrdbbl mdet heartily and aineerely cengratu- lat* yon on the arrival of iha 4lh annnaf mooting of ymiyCtub, In which la aaaoeiated a portion oftho rtfmers of your non and tha adjoining eountiot: with 1teart-7elt aincority do f say that 1 coogratu. (ata yon for tlio good which I believe haa arisen from your aaooeiation, bat with a deeper I'eeKng of yratntntinn would 1 encourage yoo to perseverance 'in ao noble a cause aa you have before you; I would cheer you onward to the good which I hope 'and believe will arise to the farming interest of -oar State, if your future action eitnli only equal the -mpeotatlone of the friend* of thia Club, or jtnlify fair eoncluaiona predicated on the condect of a peo. pla bo ll intellectual and energetic. Need i fear for the future when f eeo you hare the approbation and amilei of the fair to stimulate you onward—her approbation, her imiles, her encouragement must, it ever hns, h ever will give additional impetus to the conduct of man ; against iter Crowns few «&u*ct have ever prospered—with her smiles to encourage him onward, seldom indeed will any -cause feller “Agriculture is tholtind mother of us all, from it -"life is sustained, by it nations derivo their exis. “tence, on it depends the commerce of the world, ’“without it how long could any nation or people ex. “ist f” How important then that those engaged in it should derive from any and every derivable source all the information calculated to forward Shis great interest 1 As one efthe means of adding to your stuck of information the farmers of this county have associ ated themselves into a Club—Permit me 'to make a few remarks on the importance of such-associa tions, and to soy something of prejudices against, -them. Some of got* friendly farmers, and -who are •truly the friends of agriculture, excuse themselves from uniting with us, because they say they are -poor farmers ami could be of no use to the Club, while olliers object by saying they are ns good far. mers as any of the Club; and cun mnke os much -produce as those who “moke so much fuss about it." To all objectors to farming Clubs or Societies with the high object of receiving benefit from oth ers, and imparting benefilto others, if practicable, let such a one but reflect for ono minute and ask himself of the little he does know abeut the science •or practice of farming—how much, or rather, how little, he has ever derived from himself unaided by the experience of others') Have -you at any period of your life examined the fnrm of your neighbor without acquiring sumo new idea ? Unaided by tlie experience ofolhers, how Kllle of the urt which you now possess would you then have T The object .of agricultural societies is to do that ‘collectively, which individuals cannot dm it is -that our inquiries after truth may be more active und assiduous ; it is that we may dispel prejudices dong entertained, and correct the errors and ex plode the habits which have so long been u destruc tive incubus upon agricultural improvement. To you Who object to such associations, on the ground that you have already acquired sufficient -information, or whatsoever may be your grounds of objection, i ask, have you not been benefited by •some of tlio fuels already developed by your neigh, bore ? and are you not now adopting mun-y of their suggestions? With whom is it you refuse to unite ? Whut interest do they propose to forward discon, nected witli yours f -It is unreasonable to suppose 'they can affect no good. It is absurd to suppose they will causeugricullural knowledge to retrogade. You may be benefited—you cannot be injured.— ■Haveyou ever nnnalized tiie-plnns that -you culti vate ; or do you know their chemical parts or corn, .pounds ? Do you know what kind of substances are contained in the soil which is necessary to their ex istence and developement J Have you ever reflect ed that every plant you cultivate has, like tiie hu- man body, mouth, stomucli and lungs? Have you ever reflected on thetrue-reason why the soil should bo early stirred around a young plant, that tiie at mosphere may reach ltie roots and nourish the plant in die same uiuiincr as milk nourishes the young child ? Surely tlien -it in a duly you owe society, to •come foward and enrol your name on the farmer’s Club. .Perhaps,-you may be in lime benoflted by some new thought arising out of your connexion with us. At le >st we ure entitled to every valua ble thought which your connection may impart to us. Wo are not without encouragement to look for benefits to arise on account of our association.— Look to the improved state of your cropsalils year, -compared with preceding -years ; look to the fact lliut, through tiie instrumentality of this association, it has been developed already ihul one noro of land Ims been made to produce 98 1-2 bushels of corn ! .Behold what a -lesson is here Inuglil us, that from cub-acre of land bread lies been raised sufficient to Joed a family of 8 persons'! Heretofore-it has been -considered impracticable to produce such a result in ihis.climate. Whilst with pride we -claim this ns u result arising from l-lie association of the Fur. m.irs Club! let me not furg»l to remind you to whose fair hand and head you are indebted for this lemon of instruction.* Whilst we “Lords of creation” proudly and of. ‘fun vainly claim to ourselves superiority of intel- JiCt, to me it is a most pleasing inoidnnt to uc- ■know ledge this lesson of instruct ion to-come from tiie fair lutnd of vvoinun. To tn-y mind, it is an omen that the cause is onward. A causo lhus sane, tionyi and encouraged, having with it ulso, the ap probation of the Gud of Heaven, such a cause, it must.it will be onward. The object of your association being mainly to promote the interest of agriculture, it becomes of primary importance to consider some of the means to be adqpled likely to produae favorable results. In Georgia, it must'be obvious to every reflecting mind, tliul we are all too nearly following each otli- erJn our agricultural pursuits; that our crops in kind and quantity are not sufficiently diversified. I consider it a matter of great misfortune to tlio agricultural interest of the South that we know of no meuns of raising a crop which will produce money except that of cotton. From present np. pearancos, that may cease to pay tiie grower for hia-labnr bestowed in making ; it has already ceas. ed to be profitable ; and unless we in some meas ure change our pursuits, so as to bring down tiie production of the article within consumption, may we not anticipate the day, and that too, at no distunt period, when the price of (lie article will not pay for production? No climate on earth possesses more advantages for variety of production than ours—all that we need is skill or knowledge in va rying our productions. The question is, how is inis knowledge to bo obtained ? It is a question of vital inspcrlniice to us ;. it is .one which we must solve, If we -would prosper. Weknow-that indigo grows well in this cliinnte. It -is indigiuious to this county ; it abounds in all our pine lands without eulturo, if you will keep off slock fromii. We only need the skill neceasnry to cultivate mid prepere .it for market We have a -In-rue and increaaing market fur ,K at homo. I liavu nut been at llio trouble to inform myself cor. reolly, hut ih* amount introduced into this country ieverylargr; sufficient to occupy-the labor of more ihsn 4 00 000 hands now growing cotton. The do. - mind must emu inue in increase. The grape may also by produced in great perfection in this climate with - but li(t!e labor.; Ilia vine is also indiginoos to this cijranle ; bat we need the skill cither 4o dry it as n ft-git for markekor to turn it into wine or brandy, -wljich t« done oinsQtherhotiQiriea and sent hero at ■Mrs. Martha Lewis hsd the silver fjip avenfet) to her, l.srios mule 961 liusliele of eon to one eete which was mess- ured by serrrel witussses, both the ground ead.enta wae npeaemrif' quantities by Iba grow era of tha grape. Tha fig also grows to graat perfection with tie,but ssa need tha akilf to prepare u for marital witli auf. tha naoeaatly to you who fill your baut#ar4« Uttar, that you also throw on it add aiiabfigat h, fleient quantities of musk ur soli f ind that jn put- . Icouldaame many other 'articles ting h up in pons, aal,«a should be' used. You that grow moat luxuriantly io 4hla eUmatai nay, I diayknow but little of chemistry—y<-u may know can name but vary few artlolee now raised and need aa commerce by other countries which will not grow luxuriantly in this olimata. But hitherto, the bold experimenter has not been found who was willing to act aa pioneer in the production and preparation of these articles. With the knowledge possessed by the first growers of cotton, who among you could be found willing to act a* an ex perimenter in growing that article at ten cent* per pound? When the cultivation of the plant was first introduced, it was thought a hand did well to cultivate one ncre, or pick nut 30 pound* seed cot ton in the day. With one.four'It the experience in preparing oilier articles which we huve, in the cul tivation of cotton, I have tto doubt that one-third, if not one half of the lubor now used in growing cot ton might be withdrawn to increased profits tut oth er articles; the effect of which would necessarily ho to raise profits on tiie cultivation of the cotton crop. You will all agree, that such a division of lubor would huve the effect pointed out, hut the question is asked, how is this knowledge to be ob. lained ? Who will be found willing to act as pioneers in these now puisuits, in order to acquire knowledge to benefit others? My answer is, that all of you can becomo oxper- itnenters on a small scale ; but muiuly it is the du ly of the State to foster and encourage those enter- prizes. I would suggest thut each cotton growing State in the Union should purchase a smull farm and place on it, say, 10 hands, to be superintended by some practical scientific farmer, a man distin guished for science and skill in farming, whose duty it shall bo to raiso and prepare for murkoi ar ticles not now extensively cultivated, I would have the labor of each hand, after raising support, appropriated to different articles. Under such a system, failure would be at a trifling cost, and the discovery of one article, to shore our labors with making cuttot:, would confer on tiie entire South blcssitigs incalculable. To you. fellow citizens, who aro cultivators of tlio soil, and whose interest would be thereby promoted, belongs the right to point out the remedy. If this work is effected, there must be a beginning. Some one must take the lead in all improvements which are to prove blessings to society. Your State Legislature has the constitutional right to es tablish such n farm. There are men of education and science, and who are practical farmers, who would doubtless take charge of such a farm, under whose guidance little or no expense would accrue to the State, from whoso experience it is possible, and oven probable, that some substitute for our great staple might be found. To the man who shall discover Ihecitunncl of withdrawing one quar ter of Southern labor profitably, will be due higher praise and deeper gratitude, lhanto-him who estab lishes empires and kingdoms. To such a project, it is to be hoped, the unhal lowed influence of party strife and political capital may not be introduced. In such a cause, and for such an object, if failure ensue, the expenses to the State would be so inconsiderable, as to be felt by no one. If success should crown the effort, this entire country would again be rendered prosperous and happy, by enhancing the price of the great sta ple of tiie South. Require it, then, at the hands of your Legisla- lure, that such an experiment should be made ; an object so desirable, will meet, not only will) favor from your own legislative body, but that of other States. You have but made a beginning in tho improve ntent of your farms. Happily, Ilia spirit of' emi gration from “Old Hancock” has measurably sub- sided. Perhaps this indication is the surest guar anty that you have made a beginning. But how few barren spots of your exhausted land huve been reclnimjd? Before any great improvement can be effected, our furnis must be ditched so us to pre- vent the waste of tlio little soil remaining. No per manent improvement may bo looked for. until the waste of our soil by heuvy rnins.su common in this climate, is checked. To effect this, you must cut hill side ditches through all your rolling lands. Those who have adopted tills plan, testily to its utility. It is donebotli cheaply and expediciously. Minty members of this Club will take great pleasure in communicating information to those who desire to lie informed. After your farm lias been ditch ed, it is then ptepared to receive manure, without which no great improvement may be looked for. Upon no branch of Agriculture have the benefits of your Association beer, more marked and percep tible than that of raising manure. Before the formation of this society there was not, perhaps, in one year, one thousand waggon loads of rnunure besides cotton seed used in all this county ; tiie present year ono of litis club used near twice litis amount. Ono of our most observing farmers thinks there lias been more manure used in litis county the present year than for ter, preceding years. Here tofore we ail thought we possessed very little means of raising it; now you will scarcely pass n stable yard that is not covered with litter. How to raise the best manure, we know but little; true something has been learnt and done, and no one lias been so discouraged as to abandon it. But to obtain (lie most satisfactory results, the aid of science must be called forth. To constitute good manure, it is.not sufficient that we have a giv en number uf waggon loads of decomposed vegeta ble matter; the vulue ol litis decomposed vegetable matter, as a manure, consists in the different sails and their relative proportions ; and it is not true, that ul! decomposed vegetable matter contains ei ther the proper quantity of salts, or in proper pro portions, or evon of tiie right kind. To correct this, we should call to our aid expo, rience and chemistry. We know by experience that tiie horse stable furnishes us with a manure possessing salts prop orly charged in quantity and' proportion. By tiie aid of chemistry, we tnay know, and it is known, all tlio different salts contained in this manure, and their relative proportions ; by the aid of chomistry we may know in what salts any decomposed vege table matter is deficient, and how to supply that de fect. I have no doubt that it is solely to a want of this chemical knowledge that some of our farmers have failed to realizo all that benefit from decomposed vegetable mutter which they hud expected. 1 ant certain that no man, having given the sub ject any previous consideration,cat) itave read witli attention the prize essay of Dana, published in the Soutltorn Cultivator, the present year, without de. riving much gratification and useful information. To him, tho agriculturist owes a debt of gratitude for having very greatly simplified agricultural chemistry. From Mr. Dana, we learn that most of vegetables decomposing, only possess salts in such quantities as to charge their own body with luxuriunl qualities, having but little to imparl to the soil on which it is laid as a manure, whilst, by the addition of one pound of flush to 300 pounds of loam, the loam is so supplied with addi tional salts as to become equal to 300 pounds of sta- ble manure ; that one deud horse wilichurge from 4 to 5 cords of loatn so as to make it equul to sta. hie manure. Ho says also, that eight bushels of ashes to tiie cord will produce like results. From an experience 1 Itave myself made I have no doubt whatever about the correctness of his positions in tho application of flesh. From consulting with Mr. Whaley, I have as little dnubt about the correct ness of his position in the application of ashes. The good senso of Mr. Whaley seems to have directed him in the preparation of his manure along Ilia path of science. True, he Ims not been con soious tliul he was acting on scientific princi pies, hut he has nevertheless pursued it; Ilia crops have given ample proof of its utility. Ho tells me that without ashes he has not succeeded—that with them he hai not failed, I would, then, urge but little of the various sails which' good rnunure contains; by llda plan, however, ynu will doubtless find oat that your manure possesses the proper salts, and the proper proportions to make rich and fertilizing manure. Another mode of making manure ha* been found successful, which until recently list been nscer. lained. I moan that raised from bogs kept in a pen. Hitherto, it lias not been thought that one hug would produce in 12 months sufficient manure tu be worth tiie attention, and yet I am assured by two members of your Club that by pulling up orU hog the year round, and keeping well littered atrfhe time, he will produce 10 waggon load* io the year. Tiie mode of applying manure after made, I am inclined to think is even less understood than the best mode of raising it. Doubtless the better mode of applying it, is broadcast; but until you shall have greatly reduced the number of acres in culti vation, I do not look forward to see this plan adopt ed. In manuring in the hill, it has boon a prevail ing opinion the poorer the land, tiie more manure to be used ; the roverse of s tliis is true, and indeed 1 am ol the opinion that most persons pul loo much manure on poor land where hill manuring is follow- ed. A gentleman of this county, whom 1 deem tiie very best and most successful corn planter in the county, gives it as his experience that one half pint of cotton send is better Ilian a larger quantity. There is muclt used as manure that lias but little of tiie necessary salts , consequently, large quantities of this do but litil>-. harm or good. There are two kinds of inunurc of acknowledged merit for cotton seed, and stable manure. Let him who lias vari ously used these manures, reflect back on his ex perience, and he will find that, when he has usud them sparingly, which hu may Itave been driven to do, in order to make a given quuntity go over a given field, itis corn hus exceeded his expectations ; when he lias used them freely, say u half gallon or more to tiie hill his yield has fallen short of Itis ex pectation. Fromfutul effects in the two free use of these manures, I Itave been induced to prosecute these inquiries of more than 100 farmers. I have tuund but two who say their experience has proved otherwise. I have stated that the spirit of emigration from this county had been somewhat staid—it is essen. (ially necessary to the great cause of agricultural improvement, that every farmer should feel that lie is permanently fixed. Until lie lints feels, he nev er can feel all tile beauty, pathos and sublimity of the poet, "home, home, sweet, sweet home, there's no place like home.” He who feels tiie depth und force of these words, must feel ns u patriot; he cun but feel a deep interest in Itis country’s good. That we ought to feel litis attachment to our na- live soil, I hope will be conceded. You who had the pleasure of hearing tiie uddress delivered by one of your Club 12 months ago, hoard sufficient reasons why we in this section of Georgia should be content. Witli Itis views on litis subject, 1 most heartily concur. One of the means,however, of making us content with our homes, is that they should be improved. In tiie first place, we should have around us, in erecting our buildings, as many comforts us practicable. 1 would also have our homes as much as practicable beautified. In con sulting taste, tiie ladies are generally the best judges, and will must usually be found the best ad- visers in the meuns to lie used in beautifying our homes. Tho effect, however, will le to muke our sex fonder of their homes, to withdraw them (from many sources of dissipation to which they now re sort, to cause the son to look upon Itis iiihct t’ance of Itis futher’s homestead as a boon beyond p rice, by k indue** and humanity to inspire to the hearts of .oil his subjects more trite loyalty a«d gratitude than any noblemen of Europe ever possessed; surely Ule to be wondered at that any young mtu ie to be found willing to forego all these true digni ties ; willing to turn over hi* servant* or Ids farm to the management of an oversaer. 1 heft] it true, though not generally believed, that no elation in life ie eo well adopted to the cultiva tion of the mind ae that of (arming. No occupa tion afforda more time to devote to etudy, none af- forde better the meani uf useful knowledge. Tiie young farmer does not erect Ids standard of -ambition high enough. I would Itave him elevate Itis ambition to the topmost round in the luddur , Ue who elevates the highest, though often may he ip ofcfl, '-Ihort, will seldom fail to arrive at a higher atffhe s point titan he who never start* to climb. Let the farmer/ee/that chemistry ia essential to success and he will nut fail to acquire it. Let him but feel the truth of that trite and old saying that to knowledge belongs power; let him also feel that it is a disgrace to be wiliout that knowledge, with Itis meuns of acquiring, and ho will find him sell oil the ladder climbing, nor will lie be content abort of the topmost round. Let him but feel that the public expects more from him limn from the professional man, because lie lias belter opportuni ties to devote to rending und improvement; that lie will not be excused Itis prejudices which are not founded in good sense, mid lie will immediately set to wal k to obtain know ledge. Let Itiit, but feel that on him is incurred the duty of n perfect understanding of the nature of our go vernment, and dial to him it is a disgrace that lie should give up to utltors lliut uf milking tiie laws under which lie lives, und lie »ill no longer he con tent to remain ignorant. Of lliut class of our citizens who are overseers, I know of none who are nut required to labor, who might not devote sufficient time to read every work now published in the United Stales on agriculture. L would not have litem adopt every new idea they ace in an agricultural paper any more than I would havo them adopt every new suggestion which they receive in conversation about funning. Converse with your neighbor—you mny find lie hus many crude notions and theories, but yet you will con verse witit none but you may obtain some valuable and useful suggestion. In like manner I venture to nssert tlmt no overseer or funner can read any agricultural paper for ono year without gathering trom it some suggestion which will amply repay him built for tiie cost uf the paper and the time be slowed in reading. 1 would desire that every overseer or farmer iltould read and read attentively and regularly at least one paper on agriculture. By that means Ito may converse, not only with his neighbors, but witli men of practical experience at n distance. True, he will find some vague theories ; some crude tto ttons; lie will occasionally'find writers who may be justly styled "hook farmers," but lie will also find lliut lie lias the nid, the advice, and tiie benefit of the experience of many scientific, practical und skilful fanners. Think you it will be wortli nothing, when written and published, to read how the manure was prepnr- ed, how applied, and in whnl quantities—how tiie soil was prepared, nnd how cultivated, to raise 90 j* bushels of corn on one acre uf lund ? Think you it will be without instruction when rend, to find an- oilier individual used as muclt manure, us much la. bor, attention und cure on another acre, and failed to make 15 bushels of corn ? It mny he difficult to say from which example you derive the greatest benefit, but certain it is by carefully considering the two plans, und Contrasting the one with tiie oth er, yon and 1 may hope to gather knowledge. For ntyself 1 should expect to be more benefited by ! feuding a full statement of tiie case in which fuii- ry true Whig to the future, end Is party •* connect to enuso tile father in preparing this home, to {trecl I ure ensued, titan where success uttended. both comforts and elegancies with a view of tlve use to be made of them. This same fooling, loo, will stimulate us all to set enrnesl'y to woik to u nrich and fertilize the soil. It will ntuke u« more care ful to encourage kindness witli nnd to our n eigh- bors ; it will give to us u solicitude und a curt i, thnt our pour neighbors’ children ahull be educate (I ; it will ensure tile education ofourown.it will make us more active to pul down vice, because by it we nre to "lie effected, and it will give tu ns a g renter love of country, because we expect to seek n 3 oth er. Another of the obstacles to agricultural imj orove- ment, is the low, hut false estimate put upon agri cultural pursuits by public estimation. Hurel of ore it Ims been considered that mere physical p o.wcr, even bruto force, wus nil tlmt was ite-cessa. ry to constitute a farmer. Tiie cfiect of these ntislukcn notions and false premises have be eh fa tal to agriculture, und to tiie best interest a f man kind ; it has d awn off from tills calling t! ie most of young men of promising usefulness, wl tilst the young mut, without ambition, without tale nts and without education huve been assigned to become tanners, and ut the ex, enso of laying mys elf 1 in. ble to be thought ungallant, I must he perm itted to say that oven tile Indies Itave helped to fa .ten on agriculture this want of popular favor by t'jo often preferring Iter choice of a husband from ;h use hav ing ollior pursuits ; this error in public est itoation, for 1 cannot hut call itau error, lias been pr oductive of much evil ; it lias deprived agricuitur e of the benefit of those minds who would Itave p-roved vnlunhlecitizens in this pursuit; it has often caus ed disappointment to the heart of fair worn in by giving her a husband loo proud to article, bt >t with minds unsuited for distinction in other pursu its. It is, however, to be Imped tlm't tbv. day is dawn, ing when to be a farmer, a skillful pructic j| far mer, is the highest praise tlmt can ‘be bestowed on any rnun’s profession or calling, mover, no never was there n greater mistuke tlmn to suppose tlmt man could be a fanner without mind. No calling admits of mure room for tho operation of the mind, uuiio in which good jtidgtT, rent is more re. quisite, none in which science may b e of more use. Point to me tho inun, distinguishes J for Itis great, ness, to which lias been united ackno' wledged virtue und benevolence, and I will point to y uu some peri od of that man’s life when lie Ims w illt eagerness either emhraced the cultivation of tiie earth, as be ing an employment in which lie lias sc ugbl the re. poso and comfort which other pursuits have failed to confer, or if he Ims not done so, you will find he lias only been prevented from circunisttLticesibeyond his control. There is perhaps no part of tlio world, and cer tainly no part of the United States In tiding out more inducements for 11 young man to embrace the life of n funner tlmn does Georgia, noplace where he might become more distinguished and -especially those young men who inherit estates con sisti ng of luttds and slaves. He may acquire all the honors of a nobleman, if ho will but inspire tiie “rat itude of true nnd loyal subjects. Such usually havo, or might havo liberal educations, they huve under their charge human beings identified with tl'cir earliest childhood—there is. between the master and servnnl much, very muclt of that ancient fettl- ing which existed in the feudal limes of our anco s- tors of Great Britain. On the part of tiie sorvnr. t there is the greatest veneration and reliance. H-e looks to the young man who so lately Ims assumed the title of Itis fullter with a moro perfect relianco titan did any follower rely on Itis Lord uf ancient times ; lie is rea- y to serve him to any reasonable extent, he is seldom willing to serve or be ruled by another; services when required hy any otheV' person, even by the overseer of his Lords appoint ment are not willingly yielded ; he is however, ever ready to serve Itis owner. When we reflect how much of comfort and contentment tits person al attention of the young mnn bestows ; bow cor- tait.ly Itis own supervision of his farm guaranties to him plenty and wealth ; how conducive to his own happiness employment most assuredly contri butes ; tiie pleasurable reflection nrising from a furm well managed , the cortainly that profits will follow pleasure ; the consciousness of having the 1 would, Mr. President, tlmt 1 could to day point out that high destiny which would accrue to tiiis country by the united exertions of all our farmers joining heartily ia promoting the cause of agricul ture. 1 would, sir, that 1 wns able to make every young man of fortune anti education feci In,,, mucli lie owes sociuty, to point out to him the grant benefit lie has lit Itis power to confer on future generations by devoting the whole energies of Ills mind to agri culture. I would tlmt I could convince him of the pleasure to be derived from tiie reflection lliut lie Ims been a benefactor tu Itis species. And uboveuil, I would tlmt i could by nnytl I might say, stimulate the young men ofthiscouu. try to fuel tho high and honuruhlc standing they possess, tho means of giving to agriculture by adopt ing such a course of conduct us they itave tiie ca paciiy an i power to perforin. Will the Tariff be Repealed ?—In our arti ole of yesletduy wo stated lliut the Democratic par. tv would find great difficulty in fulfilling the pledgo made during tho late canvass on the subject of the Tariff, it is well known tlmt in many of the North, ern States Mr. Polk was supported by the ultra protectionists, while Mr. Clay was denounced as the author of (hu Compromise Bill, trad tlio friend oflow duties, it seems tlmt some uf tiie deluded parties nre already begining to open their eyes to the consequences of their folly, nnd the probability of the overthrow of the Tariff of 1842. The Sun. bury American, n highly respectable Loco-foco pa per published, we believe, in Northumberland coun ty Pennsylvania, seems to have taken tho alarm, and speaks on the subject in litis manner : ".Mr. Polk, it is true, has not been so closely identi fied witli the nmnulacturiiig interests as Mr. Clay, but n must be recollected that ho has been sustained, and nobly sustained ill this State. under many adverse cir cumstances, with fit 11 confidence thnt lie would sustain the manufacturing as well as other interests ofthe Stale, according to the promise every where made by his own personal and influential friends. Mr. Polk iB a man of high character and spotless integrity. He, therefore, cannot, and we think will not, basely betray those who have placed their confidence in him. lie will recollect that without Pennsylvania he could nuver havo been elected. That the people of Pennsylvania are almost unanimously in favor of a tariff, affording protection to their manufactories. That it was with a firm belief that he would foster these interests, as they had been assured by himself and his friends, thut they gave him their support. To betray them now would be worse than Arnold's 'Trea son. These we kuuw to bo tlio feelings of almost the entire Democracy of this section of the State, and we nt ight say of tho whole State, The four counties of Northumberland, Columbia, Schuylkill and Luzerne, gave hitn a majority of FOUR THOUSAND SIX HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-ONE. These counties possess almost boundless wealth in their coal and iron, and aro, therefore, deeply interested 111 the tariff.-- They have given this large vote under the most posi tive assurance that llteir great interests would be pro tected, and woe be Io man who should attempt to betray them." How must the Editor of the Charleston Mercury, and his co laborers in Free Trade, chuckle over the gullibility of thoso simple iieartcd, deluded voters ofthe four grent coal and iron producing counties of (he Key-Stone Slate. Such stupidity and fully is only equalled by the unmanly and whining sp : rit which breathes in the paragraph abovo quoted. If Pennsylvanians have thus blindly disregarded their own interests, and jeoparded the true policy of (ho Union ; if they have played false to posterity—let them not lay the blame to James K. Polk, but to there own silly credulity. Mr. Polk's views were well known. His recorded arts spoke but one Inn. hinge, and men were unwise to put faith, eitiier in D ie pledges of his friends or the professions of him- telf, lifter his nomination.—Pensylvania and New. York have sacrificed their principles for parly ; let 1 hum now compose themselves, in quiet, to meet the consequences; and were it not that others would be involved in the result, we should not be averse to seo them enjoy them tu llteir hearts' con. ent.—-Sae. Repub. A young Russian artist, on being told that God was greater than the Emperor, replied—“Yes, but true feeling of a nobleman; having it in Itis power < tiien the Emporor is young !” ■tourilljrjflit ......emptate the pi . •4 with the permanence and drell'uro of our com mon couptry.4 Our opponents aware of this, have already eel the'meelves to work, to disnffecl our men They effect to bolievo that the Whig parly is dis- banded—tlmt its constituents purls will at once separate and ecek new association* and conibiiia. lions. Our present object is to guard our friends nnJ all true Whigs nguinsl harboring for a single mo ment, suclt thoughts us these. We assure litem that as a parly, the Whigs Itave never been liulf *0 strongly united us al the present moment, even un der llteir present defeat. In 1840, tbough trium phant before tiie people, they were comparatively weak. They were then a party cotnpuscd of a variety of distinct and conflicting interests. They were not harmonious either insonliinent or policy. Even the men tiien chosen as our leaders differed 111 opinion upon many of the great and important questions before the peuole. Tiie parly, in a word, then eontuined wi.hiu itself tlio elements of its fu ture defeat. Our opponents on tiie other Itnnd, wexe then more overwhelmingly dcfuuted limit we noware. They had against litem 148,008 majority on the populur vote, with nineteen of tho twenty-six Stutes of tiie Union. Yet thut parly rallied front its defeat und is now triumphant. Wltal a lesson is here for the Whigs? Let us glance ut the present condition of the two great parties and learn wisdom for the future. Tiie Democrats now, ns were tiie Whigs in 1840, are composed of fucliuns holding sentiments and opin ions not only variant, but totally irreconcilable.— Tiie party isu combination, such as it wus describ ed by Mr. Calhoun to be in 1838—it lias been formed and is held together by the “cohesive power ofthe public plunder.” We speak tills not of the mass of tiie party, but of the leaders and of a par- ticulnr faction. The Federalist of 1812 and the Nuliiicr of 1832—the Member of the Htirlfuid Convention und the Disunionist of ’41—tlio ultra Protectionist ofthe North und the Free Trade ad vocate of tiie Soutlt—the Religionist und tiie Mem- her of the Empire Club—the Puritan und the Mor- mon, Calhoun and Birney, with llteir respective as sociates and confederates, huve by this power, been held together during the madness and excitement of a brief campaign—but no man in his senses can suppose that suclt elements can coalesce and ulti mately foam u united and iturnionious whole. The present Democratic parly cannot possibly remain united. .The pledges made to the different factions that composed it duriug the lute cunvass render this impossible. No one promise can be fulfilled will), out giving direct offence to conflicting interests.— A reduction ol tiie duties upon iron nnd wool when granted on the demand of South Carolina, will give cause for complaint on the part of Pennsyl. vania and New York. These, on the other hand, will demand a modification of the duties upon su gar when Louisiunn will at once be in arms. So we might run over the whole cutalogue of promises made during tiie late canvass, and show thut the triumphant party cannot move a single step with, out embarrassment nud danger. Already the rival interests begin to move, the recent indications at Washington betoken anything but peace and quiet to the new administration. Even in South Carolina the evidences of suspicion and distrust are shadowed forth. There tiie more candid of the party admit thut they Itave no confidence in Polk and Itis adherents. They have embraced him, not thnt titey Irate Democracy less, but Wltiggery more. Even nt a recent commemoration of their victory in tliul Slate, we are informed that some of (lie ora tors scarcely alluded to Mr. Polk. One of them suid lie would not disgrace itis fellow-cilizons by addressing (Item as Democrats, be would sppuk to litem as the Republican BARONSofSouih Carolina!! Wlrat a beautiful specimen here of the Democracy of tiie present day, wltal u prospect dues litis sim ple incident open to tiie eye of (lie prtriot Whig, as lie turns in anxiety and doubt, to gaze down tiie dim vista of futurity ? Now turn we for a momonl to tiie Whig Purty. When Iras that party been so united in seuliineiil or feeling as in tlio lute canvass,—From the North to the extreme South, the same creed was adopted in every Slate and by every interest. Our principles were openly proclaimed—the people knew not only what we were opposed to, but wltal we were for.— We had but one faith, and right cordially did we all rally to its great representative. We are defeated by combinations und management, but nre our prin ciples less dear to us because of our misfortunes ? Where is the true hearted honest Whig thut does not more closely hold to Itis opinions now than before the election 7 Who docs not love our gallant lead er more devotedly in the midst of disnster, than if Itis brow were this moment crowned with tiie civic wreath, and millions of'fVecmen engaged in shouting pens ut Itis success ? To suclt Whigs ns these, it is that wo desire to say a few words. What, then, is your du yos patriots, ns Whigs, os lovers of your country, und as the guurdiuns of your rising posterity ? Will you disband 7 Wilt* you give up the battle, because routed in litis ono in stance ? Will you seek new associations, and strive, by new combinations, to accomplished that which you have failed to do under the glorious banner of ’76 nnd ’40, united ?—We sincerely trust that no Into Whig will think of such a course. It is true, we Itave reason to complain of tlio moans used for our defeat. It is true, perhaps, thuuotne of our present laws need modi, fiention or amendment, but let us not rush headlong tu intolerance ? Let us go carefully to work to en lighten and correctly inform the people, both it, ro. gitril to our sen'intents nnd our feelings. Let us prepare for the future, nor despair, for u moment, of tlio Republic. The evil will work its own cure. Should tlio dominant puny carry out its professed principles, we doubt not the result will bo disastrous to tlio country—then the renclion will bn over whelming, and our triumph will be as permanent as certain. Should they bu on the conservative course, nnd sustain, even in part, the policy of the Whigs, file people will not the less cerluinly repudiate them, while the influence upon the country will be less de. struetive. In tlio language ofa contemporary, Hite mutual interests, hopes and fears of tlio Whigs Itave united them into a great brotherhood—Itave bound them together by lies as sacred, almost, us those which unite a family—and in the loss of llteir great louder, they mourn as a I'umily deprived of its head. Advursity und affiietiou Itave drawn lighter tiie cords of nfft-ciioii among the more dis. interested ; and let nothing be done to disturb litis friendship. Let 11s hold lust to the old Whig as sociations—tiie old and honored Whig principles, which are as irniiiiiluble us truth itself.” "Our watchword should then be—omoard on ward—lor the Whig party, us tlio best meuns of preserving our institutions from the corruptions of Loco.focoism—the recklessness of dictators and disorganizers, and from all combinations, under svory iimns and nature, religious, social, mil. itury, or political. Tlio future hopes of the coun try rest upon the Whig party—and on tho words of (lie gallant Lawrence, we say, ‘Don’t give tip the sltip.” In all that we have heard, thus far from town and country, the answer, in substance, is, “ We won't give up the ship!"—Sav. Rep. . PI . . Wrigfe.tl,. , . . . /etoXt bringing u» dait» m«t., from thet city—fourteen day* later th«n account*, W e do‘not find much important our fife*. “*■,» l'ri sident Houston has issued his proclamatio* k! quiring the,next session of Congress—iba ausTJr convene iu (be town of Washington on the f) nt o'* ■i*« *« lw»mti«ii«M. There seems to be tat of Government at Auttia. 4T Mr. Clay.—Tito Louisville Juurnnl of Monday has the following : Correction.—Wo published a paragraph on Saturday representing Mr. Clay as having said, on hearing of Itis defeat, thut lie wus “consoled by the fact tlmt he had been supported by the intelligence und patriotism of (ho nation.” Wo feel callod on to correct a typographical error lest it bn constru ed to Mr. Dluy’s prejudice by ilia ever watchful enemies. I]is remark, us reported 10 us in writ, ing, wet that ho w as‘‘consoled by tlio fact that hu had boot) supported by so large a portion ui tiie in telligence end patriotism of tiie nation. day in Dteembernext position to have the seat or Uovertiiuent at Auiijj, It was reported m Galveston on the Oil, i Rlt . gentleman just from the West, that intelligent* Xl! reached Ban Antonio that all Northern Mexico t|2 tlio Rio Grande is now in a state of revolt sgainsg D.ctstor. The report, as brought bv the MexicanSf. jor, who represents bintself as having deseneA .7** Gen. Woll’s army, is, that Arista it now marclinwS the city of Mexico with an army of 17,000 wen—*!! lie is already beyond the mountains, and that his bers aro daily and rapidly increasing by fresh reeiZi from all the surrounding country, It is stated tint tL spirit of revolution is universal and overwhclmiS Tlio report appears to have obtained bat little crodcnL and occasioned no great excitement. ' The citizens of Montgomery have given a publicduL r to President Houston in the town of lluntaville it compliment for his public services. " s The Galveston News of the 9(b inst. say, tidings can be beard from the schooner Atlantic, boM to tins port from New York. It is the general gapto, sion she is lost. She bad on board several resident ca. izens of Texas who were returning from a visit I01U Norili.” * The Hon. R. D. Johnson was married to Mist Mujg da Maffit, (a daughter, we believe, of the celebrity Methodist clergyman, J. N. Maffit,) at GalveBtga, N the 61I1 instant. ' A few days ago, a house, with a kitchen and <shc tenements, w ere all removed on wheels at once touai distance in the prairio at Galveston, by a Mr. Lcn-a so gentle was the transition, that the famliy were ig lending to cooking dinner during the operation. Iim a groat novelty to the good people of tho place. The Vindicator of the 28th ult says : Four English and German vessels left Bremea£j Galveston several weeks since; they havo on 250 families each, intended to settle in the colony tf Col. Fisher. One thousand families, therefore, will he on our frontier in less than 60 days, armed and stop ped for either the cultivation ofthe toil or the cliuii^. ment of the foe. There were, we learn, at tha tine of the Bailing of these four vessels, about 2000 mm emigrants awaiting a passage. Vessels have siiei been chartered for their conveyance. Another ywrul peace, and our whole extended frontier will be settled if so, good by annexation, we will not want it.” ' The peoplo of Harris county, it ie va-cl, arc ibtxt constructing a railroad from the town of Aiarabattu Port Caddo, a distance of about furteen miles, hit thought it can be completed for 93(1000, aa it is met, level surface of country. From the "Planter,” published at Columbia, we. that cotton picking on the Brazos goes on well, andca* ton begins to roll in. Considerable quantities of ea. toil have also arrived at Galveston. The editor of the Civilian has been presented wifi an excellent specimen of sugar, a part of a crop of lot) hogsheads, from the plantation of Mr. Juhn Sweeney, on the Ban Barnard, in Brazoria, which is said to be in! perior in al! respects to any sugar previously nude ii Texas. Other plantations have also succeeded in pro, ilucing a good article—those of CoL Caldwell led Judge Alaiufee arc mentioned. The editor of tiie Galveston News was informed by some of tiie Mier prisoners lately released, thnt their liberation was effected through the exertion and iuffo. ence of Governor Shannon, the American Minister,tad not hy the dying request ol the wife of Santa Anne, is had been supposed. Annexation.—Imporlanlfrom Teras.-Inthe Ciisrfe*- ton Mercury, of Saturday last, we find the fuflowisg extracts from New Orleans papers among other nen by tiie schooner Ijone Star, arrived from Galvcslno, with dates to 2d inst. They will be read with intemt, particularly as the views of President Jones on the mb. ject of Annexation have been in considerable doubt. The papers say : “From an extract front a letter itiri. buled to Dr. Jones. President elect of Texas, and which recently found its way into the papera in the United States, we were led to believe that that geutlcmio'i opinions regarding annexation had been misrepreseot- ed, and that lie was in favor of I lie measure. It nos appears that tiie original opinion was correct—Dr. Jones is opposed to annexation. An eniphntic indict, tion of tins was furnished so soon ns it was ascertained dial Jones was elected. Mr. Terrill was tent Mins ter 10 England, and Mr. Riely Minister tu the United Suites—Mr. Van Zandt having boeu re called. The two Brut named gentlemen have diolinguiohed them. selves in llteir hostility to annexation, as well as io llteir efforts to bring about a commercial connection with England.”—Sac. Rep. [cOHKKsroNDkNCE OF 1HK CHAKLSTON COUIIIKR.] W ASA ING TUN, NtlV. 21. There seems to be, at this time, a strong feeling In the public mind in favor of a restoration of the splen dor of the U. S. Senate. The country has derived hon or and our people great gratification, from the glluy of talent that formerly shone there. 1 learn from shit seems to be guod authority, that Mr. Webster, yield, ing to the solicitation of his fr,ends, has consented la return to his post in the Senate, in the place of Ur, Choate, who wishes to resign. There are to bo two vacancies in tho Senalorinl del egation front New York, and it is more than probahk that Mr. Van Buron will be persuaded to accept imp* puiii'.ment to one of litem. Efforts will be made to induce Mr. Clay to leave hit retirement anil enter again upon the theatre of ftiagls- r y- ..." Mr. Calhoun will also, it is hoped, at no distant IU contribute his nigh character and unsurpassed power! to the dignity of the Senatorial body. There was never a lime when the S -nate afforded wider field for the display of intellectual strength, ui nevor a lime when the public interests more required the counsels of wisdom and experience, in that poire- fill body, than the present. I find, a-I suggested the other day, that titer* ii be a strong and determined opposition, in tlio demucnl. ic ranks, to Mr. Calhoun’* participation in lint Cabinet counsels, under Mr. Polk. Mr. Polk will, of conn* judge for himself of the propriety of inviting Mr. Cal houn to remain in the State Department, but it isW' dent that the interests and ulterior views of Mr. ton and of Mr. Wright and others, will not bn proms' ted by such an arrangement. It may well be doubted, too, whether Mr. Calhoun will deem it public or find it agreeable to retain the post. Now York waived her claim upon the 1’residmcjj at the Baltimore Convention, ouly for a season, and from the necessity of entering into such a compronM* as would secure success to the party, ill its then *1®** desperate struggle to regain power. It is concede* too, that, without tho vole of the Stale of New Verb Mr. Polk would not have been elected ; and tho vote oj New York wouid not have been cast for Mr. I’olk,*** not Silas Wright thrown himself into the breach, aad consented, against his wish, to become the candidal* for Governor. There is no doubt that it whs pupshrH ty of Mr. Wright which secured success to the deBus cralic ticket in New York. Tho old Van Burenorga**' ization stands as firm as ever, and all its power and®” fluonce are tu bo exerted in lavor of Mr. VVrigltt M U» successor of Mr. Polk. NEW YORK—(Official.) , We have full returns of the voto on the electonu, ticket, in every county in the State, copied front lM-| abstracts of the returns in the office of the Secretary^ Stale. They may be varied very slightly by thc fW*j canvassers. Compared with 1840, the voto aland lh(S« 1844. 1840. , * Polk. 237 588 Van Buron, 212.741 Clay, 233,408 Harrison, 223,9iS Polk’s ntaj. 5,180 IlarrisnnV 13,171 • Tho Abolition vote for Birney is 15,812. iu was 2,483—Albany Argus. .-—1"° The Washington correvponl of the Now York tnerctal Advertiser writes— Mr. Robert Armstrong, of Nashville, now post in***' at that place, stands very high in Mr. Polk ■ coufid®**', and will unquestionably be taken into the Cabin®,* . one ef Mr. Polk’s advisers. It is said that we are to Itave, in a day or lw», * Pennsylvania review of Mr. Polk’s policy on th***r j ject of the lariffi by way of a *et off to the remit*** , r letu r which appear* in tho Richmond Enquirer, fro® South Carolina politician, and whiclt represent**- 1 Polk as declaring himself jit favor of a atricl rcren**'' tariff - , founded on the compromise act. Delaware.—^'ITie PliiluijoijiliiTNorth America^ s»y« ;—VVe «ee it voriounly noted that the ral votes of Delawur* will he thrown out, ot *T., count of an ailugad informality of tlio asses**® 1 * making llteir returns, '('he fact of the infor®® returns is w* bolievv, correct, but tbe Legisl* 1 *^ ha* full power to rectify eny inforntaliiTi , *jT. necessary, an extra eeeeiun will be cellvd. ThJJ. it will not very the result, tbe blue lien’* cbieke^' must be allowed to record their cluck.