Newspaper Page Text
. «M«h wk thottH
kite wiUM. Tte iweouravt of
>(NM»wl tte ow production of cot*
prompt m» itet to Ikr a* itelr derel*
•pamam m necessary, our labor ahould be dl-
varied from iia production.
, Lai the meat necessary for our own coniump-
Jtel bo Airmailed by our own farmers—lei the hor*.
p»,pad mule* required, bo supplied by them—lei
Ate* eateud their wheat crops, and nol only fur-
fliah the demand of Sour for our own consumption,
but produce ii for naporiaiiou. We shall become
Blually formidable coiniiniitort in Ihe dour trade,
■thorn le intrinsically more valuable than the
urlknrn | it is drier, and a given quantity will
tnake more bread, than Northern flour. It is fur
tliia reason more valuable for Iho Weal India trndo.
It- it aa certain a crop here as at the North; if
aewn in good land tl yields profitably; in fuel, with
proper attention our-'heal will yield at much to
tte eore and it will weigh as much to the bushel ns
any other wheat. If true to our own interests,
Georgia will not only become a producer to the li-
milt of har wanta, hut will become a heavy export-
er to othar markuta. In 1843 I had an opportuni
ty of comparing Georgia wheat, with that of ench
State iu the Union. By the request of the Com-
miasioner of Patents, specimens of Ihe different
cereal grains were carried to Washingtun City, by
tte membere of Congreaa and at that oftico were
exposed to public inspection. I carried on several
parcel* and among them one of the "little, while,"
grown by Mr. Jeremiah Clark in this county ; it
Wha compared with the other parcels, and pronounc
ed by oompelentjudges, to be equal to the best there
exhibited. An examination of the specimens col
lected there, satisfied me that Georgia was as capa
ble of producing superior wheat a* any other Statu.
Wool is another article of general and extensive
consumption, in the production of which wo might
profitably participate. We consume, annually,
millions of pounds in negro blankets, clothing, hnts
and other clothes. It is grown mos'ly in New
York end Vermont. Why should not we raise
for sale an amount at least equal to that we con
sume! VVecan raise as good an article ns that wo
buy, and at much less cost, at loss risk, and con
sequently at greeter profit. At the North they a re
compelled to feed their sheep at least six months
of the year; we need nol feed them three.
We have extensive woods and fields fur sheep
walks, and every facility for prosecuting the busi-
neat it enjoyed by us. Why should we not then
engage in the pursuit at least so far as to produce
lor market as much of the raw material as we con
sume?
We consume, annually, millions of dollars in
shoes, leather, and saddlory of all kinds, und we
buy all these from abroad. There is profit in this
pursuit, and why not appropriate it to ourselves ?—
Our coarse negro shoes are made abroad, und so
are most of those which we wear; find nearly all
our leather is from abroad likewise. The raw hide
is frequently luken from the Georgia farmer, car.
ried abroad, manufactured abroad, and then again
sold to those from whom it was purchased, It Inn
happened within a few years past, that raw hides
have been purchased in our own county, hauled to
Virginia, converted into leather and shoes, and
sold again in our Slute. Now who pays the price
of hauling tu Virginia, the price of manufacturing
the taw article, the price ot bringing it back, and
the profits upon each operation ? It is the people
who are simple enough to rely upon others for the
supply of their commonest necessaries, and those
are the people of Georgia. An idea is prevaien 1
that good leather cannut he made in Georgia ; thi.
has been shown to be a great error: there is now
manufactured at the Penitentiary, from Georgii
hides, with Georgia bark, and in a Georgia climate
leather of all descriptions as good us that we buy
from the North.
Again ; the iron we consume all comes fron
from abroad, while our mountains aro filled wit
the richest ores—land ch-ap and water power fi
bundant. The cost of manufacturing here will
prove from thirty to foriy percent, cheaper ilia >
in Maryland nr Pennsylvania. All wo need is ex
perieiice, and why will nut this be bought !>y thus
who have ihe cap.ml to invest—a capital now al
most unprofitably invested in cotton making? 1
is humiliating to reflect, that fur every nail in om
houses, we are indebted to the skill, and enlerpris-
and labor of oilier- ft u;n ubroud-
And again : the very l ine with which we paii
our chimnies, or wash our houses, is dug out frot
llie earth, and prepared by the labor of others 10(1
miles distant from us, while here in Georgia w
have inexhaustible beds of the rock unlotichcd.-
And why? Because we do not aclunlly posses
. energy and zeal enough to burn a bushel of th ■
•stone properly, and prepare it for market.
We destroy the article in its preparation, he
cause we are loo negligent and indifferent to do i
in a suitable manner. And yet what a profitnh'
investment of labor would it be, were our own citi
zens to determine to supply our own Slate with lit
single article offline, instead of sending nnnutill
thousands of dollars to Maine and Massachusetts t
procure it, and thereby to reward their labor an
develope their resources, instead of our own !
Who does nol see in every shop, in every villap
end at every cross road, fruits brought from Ne-.
England for sale ? And yet our mountain region
produce them, as finely flavored and as rich as an-'
from abroad. Why will not our people turn thei
attention to this pursuit, and divert their lahc
somewhat from the culture of cotton ? Fruit, rip
pies especially, is becoming a heavy trade wit -
England, and they not only command a bight
price there than their own, but are decidedly si.
perior in quality. The United States produce th •
finest in the world, and uppor Georgia is behin .
no part oi the Union. Will not our mountai
friends arouse from their lethargy, and not onl-
•uppty Georgia with her fruit for iter consumption
but make her an exporter of it ?
The labor necessary for the production of these
if withdrawn from the cultivation of cotton, woul
not only serve materially to affect the production,,
but it would find a more profitable investment eisr
where. It would make us independent—woul
give encouragement and business to oor own me
clianict, and all Ihe profit to labor would remain s
mong us. in the shape of increased capital, build
ing up our own people, and enriching our on <
State, instead of drawing from it its wealth, an
adding to that of other States.
We expend large sums annually for the artici
of sugar. Can we not supply this within ourselves
Every farmer in this county may manufactur
from the corn-stalk a sufficiency for each year’
support. A little experience is alono necessary l
make it as valuable an article as that wo buy.—
Besides, the lower part of our State would yield u
enough for the support of the whole State, manu
-clured from the cane itself. The great difficul
ty with them hitherto has been that the syrup woul
not granulate. That difficulty has now been obvi
steady the recent improvements in sugar making
And even in this latitude, 1 doubt very much i
with that improved process, the cane would not b<
found to have ripened sufficiently to make sugar.
In the lower part of our State, the cultivation o 1
the olive would prove a profitable investment oI
labor. The value of its oil is well known, and
though wo do not need its fruit for bread, as other
nation* do, yet we might find a handsome return
for our labor la its cultivation.
Let our labor be directed to these several pur-
suits, end I apprehend the continued cry of hard
times will be successfully silenced. With pursuits
diversified, the temporary failure of one may be re
lieved by the prosperity of another ; but with one
pursuit alone, the failure of that it the prostration
of the whole people. May we not hope that our
nest (jegislslurs may take some steps to develope
the (resources of our people—to advise them how
theVoan employ their labor to the best account,
and to open the way to the Improvement and ad.
vanoemenl of our agriculture?
»M | we haws avowed? W« ftel tte dstmtry w be pleoe,such witnesses *e are neeesdkry, and could
depressed by the oeutes which era Iter* presented,
and the effort at relief ha* commendably been mad*, -the District Judge tlm facts on which to founds
I hoe* who have slept ftirw’srd in the cause must 1 * “
never look beck—but yet the leek to arouse the
publio mind end to give it proper direction, is an
herculean one. But 1 say; is* must not falter.
We must ask our country friend* to meet with
us, ami with us to investigate the causes, and with
us, to apply the remedies. If they will nol, how
ever,come to u*. we must go to them. Print and
circulate among the penplu thu information neccs-
sury to nrouse them to a proper appreciation of
ihe condition of the country. Gut tho people to
read, to rejlecl. end then they will act. This soci.
oty has undertaken iho work of reform in this noun-
tv, mid they must not fuller in ttic effort. It may
bo a source of some expense to give to the people
tho necessary information which will disclose to
tnem tho difficulties nbout them, and tho means of
escape, yet (lie press is the mighty light, which
must guide them in the path, and we must employ
it. The result of n systematic, rigorous, nnd uni
ted rfl'urt, will secure to tire country, lasting and
abiding blessings. Our object is not simply to
meet and talk and talk ; but it is to meet In tulk
ami" to act—to stimulate ench o lier, nnd TO
AROUSE THE WHOLE COMMUNITY TO A
VIGOROUS EFFORT TO ENRICH THEIR
LANDS, AND IMPROVE THEIR AGRICUL
TURE.
APPENDIX.
Analysis of Soils, made by Professor Colling, in Put
nam County,
Water of absorption 6
Conme Mint) nnd grovel, 40
Fine 8aml,piincipall> si-> 0 «
luciouH, ) 4
Insoluble vegetable matter, 1
Soluble ditto, 2
M nr into of lime, 1
Carbonate of lime,
Oxide of iron, 0
Muriute of Magnesia,
C.uboimte do.
Silos, 10
Alumina, or pure clay, 11
Loss,
Colour, chocolate.
A. D. Gatewood’s | (Iludcon. ! J.C
&
red.
be procured, for the purjiese of establishing before
[from the savannah republican.]
itlr. McAllister and John Quincy Adams.
Messrs. Editors :—Since Mr. McAllister lias
been nominated for Governor, I have heard a num
ber speaking of him—and I have heard one man
ay that the first public act Mr. McAllister ever
done was to join the enemies of his State, and take
the office of District Attorney of the United Stales
under John Quincy Adams, when Mr. Adams
wanted to arrest the Commissioners appointed by
Georgia to survey the Creek lands, and wanted to
bring the State authorities before Ihe Supreme
Court—so as to keep tlie Creek Indians iu Geor
gia, contrary to the old treaty. It is said that at
the time our State was in these difficulties, and old
Adams wanted to haul her up before the Supreme
Court, and stop our Commissioners, and put them
in prison, Richard W. Habersham, (a man I knew
well—and a better man and truer patriot I never
saw,) was District Attorney—but ns soon as he
found out what old Adams wanted him to do, ho
forthwith resigned the office, and told old Adams
he loved Georgia and her people too well to turn
against them at such a time—that lie would nut
act with or join any body against his native Stale
—and that he must get somebody else to do sucli
work, if he could be found—and that Adams offer
ed the office to Matthew Hall McAllister, the
present Democratic candidate for Governor, and
that he accepted it. Now, I have been told this is
all true—and that a correspondence of Mr. Haber
shamot-Mr. H bersham and McAllister, brought
this to light, and that it was published in tin- Savon-
nah Bepublicat, some time in 1827 or ’23. As
islt In know about litis matter, I (bought I
would write to yon and ask you to publish that cor-
pnndt-nce or Mr. ilabersh.im’s letter—and let
know about it. Although 1 am one of the men
who think that when I have got an overseer, or a
mao to work for me, who has done better than anv
bodyj ever got before—who, instead of neglecting
my buisiness and spending my money, attends
cosely to it, and saves all he can for me, and makes
every body else under his control do the same—I
say, ulthough I am one of the men who think it
would he a bad buisiness to givo up such u man and
take another that has never been tried, and as 1
am very will satisfh d that Gov. Crawford is just
that man who has done so well, and I shal 1 vote for
him—yettherearea number of my Democratic
neighbors who talk about voting for Mr. McAllister,
and I don’t believe they will do h, if wlmt I have
heard is true. Although llioy sny lawyers have the
right to lake fees from nuy body, vet 1 don’t think
the people of Georgia, or any body else ought, or
will, elect a man to be Governor, when in her dark,
est days of adversity, he, for a little money or high
sounding name, was willing to turn agninst his own
country and help old John Quincy Adams, Gen.
Gaines, Andrews and others, to crush her and ride
rough-shod over her people.
1 have suid more than I started to say and must
stop; hut don’t fail to publish what I ask you, for
the people ought to know all about the men they
are asked to vote for, and particularly when it is
for sucii a respecluble office as that of Governor.
H. M. H.
Talbot County, June 21,1845.
mr. Mcallister.
In giving place to the communication from our
Talbot friend in another column, we have rather
departed from our original intention in regard to
tlie lime of opening the Gubernatorial canvass.
Our original purpose was to delay all discussion
until both candidates were formally announced,
and to litis end we have omitted to notice tho very
interesting and novel correspondence between the
Democratic nominee and his numerous friends.
Even now we will not do more than throw a little
light on the subject alluded to by our correspond
ent. The his'ory of the old and new Treaty ex
citement in Georgia, is yet fresh in the minds ol
many of our citizens. Tile noble, self-sacrificing
conduct of the lamented Habersham, in resign
ing the uffice of District Attorney, rather than be
made the instrument in the hands of the President
of enforcing his unjust imndstes, not only won for
him the udmirntion of many true hearted Georgians
at the time, but was always regarded as the basis
of that extended popularity which he afterwards
enjoyed. Mr. H. had received his nppuiutment
under Mr. Monroe, and Ir « been permitted to re.
tain it under Mr. Adams, not because ho was a po
litical friend, but because “pro oppubwi for opin
ion’s sake” did not so fully oF h ®hy« ne national
councils then a* now. It wa/' 1 8, in tho pa
pers at the time, that the instr" relative to
the “Commissioners,” were giJen to Mr. Haber
sham, under the com >ction that he would not exe.
cute them; If such was the impression at Wash
ington, the government was not mistaken, as will
be seen by the following letter of Mr. H. resign
ing this office :
District Attorney’s Office, )
Savannah, 25th Feb,, 1827. \
To the Hon. Hxnrv Clay,
Secretary of State of Ihe U. States.
Six :—On the 22d instant I received from the
Honorable the Secretary of War, • communica
tion under date of tile SOth January, ultimo,
Instructing me to procure and place in the hand* of
the Marahal of this District a warrant for the ar
rest of certain persons charged with being en
gaged in surveying the lands of the Creek Indians,
contrary to the lews of thff United State* and the
Treaty of Washington. In compliance with the
requirement of the President, {addressed e letter
under date of the 2Sd instant, to Colonel John
Crowell, Agent of tte Creek Indian*, requesting
warrantof arrest, and delivered Ihe sun* to Lieu
tenant Vinton, who left thia place yeitorday for
the Creek Agency. Oil iho anine day I communi
cated to the Honorable tho Secretory of Wsr, a
copy of that letter, nnd staled, that as soon aa tho
wurrnnt could bo obtained, 1 would deliver to the
Marshal sucli instructions as would bo necessary
(or his guidance. Thus much I have fell it my du.
ty to do, in complinnco with the ordor above re.
ferrud to, because I did not think myself at liberty,
by u resignation of my commission to cieste delay
in (lie proceedings, or to leave Ihe interests of tj.sey
United Stales unrepresented in this District. Seme
time must elapse before tho arrival el the witness
es from (lie Agency, and I therefore nvail myself of
tlie interval thus afforded to communicate through
you, most respectfully to tho President, that neith
er my feelings, nor convictions, will permit me to
proseeuto the case in behalf of the United Stales.
In a contest in which the interests nnd churucter of
Georgia tiro so deeply involved, I should feel my
self unworthy of the uffice I hold and of the con
fidence which the Prcsi out lets hitherto reposed in
rue, if, contrary to my own views ol right and the
higher Julies I owe to mv unlive State, I could ar
ray myself ugainsther. If, therefore, it becune s
necessary that further proceedings should he had
in this tnullor, I have no alternative but to tender
back to thu President, the trust which has been
confided to me—a trust which, for eight years 1
have faithfully and zealously discharged, and which
I only relinquish, because 1 can no lunger rcluin i
with honor to myself.
I have tho honor to be, Sir, will) great respec,
your obedient servant,
RICH. W. HABERSHAM.
This letter is dnlud the 25lh of Feb. 1827. 1
placed tho matter in its true light and in tlie opin
ions of many ut tlie time, completely estopped any
Georgian who did not approve of Mr, Adams’ Ad
ministration generally, und his course on the Creel.
Treaties purticulai ly, from accepting tlie appoint
mem—yet Mr. McAllister did accept it. We pre
tend not now to assert that tlie present Democrat! •
nominee was an avowed Adams man, yet if trndi
lion be true, tlie year previously, when appropriat •
honors were to be paid to John A ‘urns, certain pet
sons still living in our city were anxious to liuv
him (Mr. McAllister) appointed to deliver thu Eu
logy, because of his supposed partiality for Ihe the i
President. We leave our readers to draw thei
own conclusions, from tho fact that Mr. McAllis
ter received tlie appointment from tlie bunds t ’
John Quincy Adams, when so pure and patriotic
a citizen as Mr. flulicrshain could not retain it
without us lie conceived it dereliction uf duly l ••
Ins native State and a positive sacrifice of his per
sonal honor. Whenever Mr. Cluy has been be fur i
pie people of Georgia, tlie Democratic papers hur
not fulled to attack him on account of his ttgenc
in tins Treaty question. Wo sincerely trust tho
now, when an opportunity is afforded, they may lit
fail to manifest a consistent abhorrence for al
those who Imd any official connection with the mut
ter.—Savannah Republican.
to . McAllister Again.—Our space to-day i
loo limited to givo Ihe correspondence which oc
curred between Mr. Habersham and Mr. McAll
isteii. in regard to tlie acceptance by tlie laliero'
tlie office ol District attorney, which had been re
signed by tho former in 1827. That correspon
dence was commenced by Mr. McAllister in conse
quence of certain charges preferred against him
while a Candidate for Ihe Slate Senate in 1834.—
His first letter was dated on'he 27th of August.—
Mr. Haiieiisiiam responded on the 30lh und re
quested Mr. McAllister to publish the whule.—<
Had tiiis correspondence been os satisfactory to the
present Democratic nominee us it is now declared
to have been honorable to both parlies, it would
probably, under litis special request from Mr
Habersham, have been laid instantly before th
puelic ; yet we find it so long delayed lliat Mr. Hab
ersham was constrained to give publicity to llii
letters himself. This he did on tlie 9ili of (Sep
tember, some ton days after they were written.- -
His note to the Editor of Iho Republican is date I
September 8th, and in it lie distinctly says: "Mr
McAllister having omitted to publish the enclose i
correspondence as he was requested by me to do,
you will oblige me by inserting the same," <$-c.
Now if this correspondence was entirely excub
palory of Mr. McAllister, from the charges prt •
ferred against him for accepting office under JoH i
Quincy Adams, the lender of that school of Mussa ■
clmscILs Fcdei lists which he now streets to despiso
why were the letters withheld from the light umi>
brought out by Mr. Habersham 7 Tlie gentlemu i
against whom the charge has been made, of court-1
desired Mr. H’s. statement for his own defence.-
II so, and if satisfactory, why p cket it? Mr. Hub
ershtiu) had resigned tlie office of District Attorney
with tlie following hold and manly declaration .
"In a contest in which the interests and character <)
Georgia are so deeply involved, I should feel Mi
SELF UNWORTHY OF THE OFFICE I HOLD and of tl
confidence which the President has hitherto reposed i
me, if, CONTRARY TO MY OWN VIEWS OF RIGHT AN
THE HIGHrR DUTIES I OWE TO MY NATIVE STATE, I
could array myself against HER. It, therefore,
becomes necessary that further proceedings should I
had in this matter, I have, no alternative but tu let
de.r back to the President, the trust which, for eigl
years I hare faithfully and zealously discharged, ai.
which, I only relinquish, because l can no longe
RETAIN IT WITH HONOUR TO MYSELF.
So entirely was Mr. Habersham’s course appro
ed.-und so strongly was the current of public opin
ion in Ins favor that uu member of tlie Bariu Sn
vannah, not even Mr. McAllister himself, woul
apply for tlie appointment. Whan, however, Judg
J dmsoii, in Miliedgeville, applied to Mr. Hubei
slmm to designate his successor, and when Mr. H,
had mentioned the names of four gentlemen, Mr.
McAllister among the number, to him, lie re.-'
ponded, tint there were objections to three of them,
nol however affecting cither their characters or abili
ty, and that the commission would be given to Mr.
McAllister ! Our renders will please observe th;
statement, taken from the letter of Mr. Habersham,
and compare it with the intimation, in yesterday’ .
paper that tlie present Democratic nominee was pi
one time supposed to be rather partial to the Adam i
faction, and they will be at no great loss to undet
stand tlie whole affair. Why was the commission
given to him, when neither of the otlieis were ob
jectionable on account of character or ability, unleiu
on the ground that they were more staunch and un
eoinpornising opponents of Mr. Adams than him
self? h is in vain for him to reply that he did no'
apply for tho office, or that he accepted it with tl
intimation that if called upon to prosecute the sue
veyors of tlie Creek lands he would resign—then
are only specious pretexts which every man wi t.
knows Mr. McAllister,is aware that he is ulwnj'
careful to be provided with, in emergencies, if ii
real offence consists in having accepted the oflii ■
from Mr-Adams under (he circumstances. Wh,
nol have acted as did Mr. Habersham, when tl '
commission was offered to him a second time with
the assurance that he would not be compelled l<>
prosecute the surveyors? Why not spurn it, bet
cause of the past acts of the Administration ? Wh,
compromise the character ofhis profession, and ■ |
bis State by thus aiding and counselling hor ene|
mics ?
As this charge is a grave ono against Mr. Me;
Allisler, and as we desire not to do him injustice^
we will Rt an pariy day give a part, or the wlioht
of ihe correspondence, with such comments as ma;|
be deemed proper and appropriate. It is rath) j
remarkable that the man who in 1827 could tak I
un office from John Quincy Adams should now tra j
vel out ofhis way to cast a slur upon federal Masj
sachuselts.—Sue. Rep.
mm ^ Tp »/W ubli£|>
maby’limrtiltg ttejsme, atlangth, ta th* Bsvan-
nth RepubUeaU.
' Respectfully,
Your Ob’t. Servant.
RICH’D. W. HABERSHAM.
Mm. McAllister to Mr. Habxrsuam.
Savannah, August 27th, 1834.
Dear Sir,—Misrepresentation from quarters 1
am persuaded unknown to you, is busy with tlie
circumstances attending my acceptance of the of
fice of District Attorney U. States for this District,
ut tlie period of your resignation. Differ, as we
may upon some of the doctrines which divide tlie
community, there is one thing in which i am sure
wo both agree, viz : a determination to do no injus
tice to a polilioul adversary by the suppression ol
wlmt is true, or the suggestion of what is false. If
is iu the course of the present canvass charged up
on me, that l accepted the office of District
Attorney, with a view or under n plcge to pro
secute the surveyors of those lands lying within our
jurisdictional limits in tlie occupancy of Ihe Indians.
This we both know to he untrue. Tlie office was
accepted by me, after consultation with yourself,
under Ihe belief that during tlie interval that hud
elapsed since your resignation, circumstances had
occurred which rendered it improbable, that the
(l uy oi prosecuting the surveyors would he exact,
ed Irom your successor. Yuu cannot fail to recol
lect my declaration, that no inducement could urge
mu to prosecute tho surveyors, or Inlte the office,
pledged to the performance of sucli ungracious du-
ty.
Subsequent to this interview, a letter of accep
tance was penned hy me, submitted to and revised
hy yourself, the terms of which we deemed such
ns to authorize my instant resignation of the office,
if called on to prosecute the surveyors.
As you were tlie friend with whom I communi
cated confidentially upon tlie subject, I have to re
quest you to vindicate me hy a declaration of the
truth, from the imputed hostility to my Slate, involv
ed in the false assertion, that I accepted the office
of District Attorney with a view or under a pledge
to proseeuto the surveyors.
Very Respectfully,
m. h. Mcallister.
R, \V. Habersham. Esq.
[FROM THE SAVANNAH REPUBLICAN, SKrT. OtH, 1834. |
Savannah, Sept. 8th, 1834:
Mr. DeLa Mott a t—Sir—Mr. McAllister bav-
iag omitted to publish tte socloasd Correspondence,
Mr. llabersliam to Mr. HP Allisler.
Savannah, Aug. 30:h, 1834.
Dear Sir:—Your letter uf tho ,27th inst. did hoi
reach me until late lliut evening, and my engage
ments since have been such as In compel me to delay
tsy reply until to-day. You say “that it lias been
charged upon you, Hint you accepted tlie office of
District Attorney with tt view or under a pledge to
prosecute the Surveyors of those lands, lying with
in our jurisdictional limits, in the occupancy of the
Indians.” And to enable you to refute this charge
you call upon mo “as tlie friend with whom you ad
vised nt that period,” and you refer me to cerluin
facts within my knowledge, as full proof that the
charge is unfounded ; and you usk me to confirm
the the truth of those facts—1 recollect ail tho cir
cumstauces which you state in your iettor, and be
lieve lliut you have stated them correctly.
Tlie conditional letter uf acceptance to which
you refer, was examined and revised by myself,and
I have no reason to doubt, was sent without materi
al alteration— It was addressed to tlie late Judge
Johnson, then the Circuit Judge of the United
Stales for this District, under the following circum-
stances: After I had tendered; conditionally, tny
resignation of the office which you now hold, on the
25;h February, 1827, much time elapsed before u
new appointment w as made,probably because there
was no applicant. Al the next May Term of
the Circuit Court at Miliedgeville, Judge Johnson
requested to see me al his room, nnd there urged
mo to recal my resignation, staling that if I would
do so, I would be immediately re-appointed, und in
confirmation, showed me a new commission from
Washington, duly executed, but in blank, and said
lie was authorized to fill the blank—I however de
clined ; upon which he requested mo to name any
gentleman of the bar in Savannah and he would
appoint him—This I also declined to do. He tlien
requested me to name sucli gentlemen of the bar,
as I supposed, might bo induced to accept the office
—1 named four, and among others yourself, as gen-
llenien qualified to discharge the duties. The
next morning he told me that there were objections
to three of those genilemen, not however affecting
oither their characters or ability, and said he had
selected you—you were then iu Savannah ; and
when I met you on my return, you inenioned to
me that you had received a letter from the Judge
offering you the office. 'I’lie subsequent occur
rences as far as they came to my knowledge, you
have correctly stated in your letter.
You preface your call upon tne with the follow,
ing sentence: "Differ ns we may upon somo of
tlie doctrines which divide the cuinmunily, there is
une on which I am sure we both agree, viz : a de
termination to do no injustice to a political adversa
ry, by tlie suppression of wlmt is true, or the sug
gestion of what is false.” 1 have responded to this
appeal in a way nnd with a candor of which I hope
you will find no reason to complain. But you ud
dress me as a political adversary—/ am opposed
to your election, and will do all I honorably can to
prevent it. My private feelings have undergone
no unfriendly change towards you ; nor have 1 ev
er permitted n difference in puliticul opinions, if iu
my power to prevent it, to interfere with my pri
vate friendships—I oppose your election, because 1
am directly opposed to some of tho opinions and
doctrines, which 1 believe yon to entertain, nnd up-
ou which I presume you will acf* - -! can lend
my support to no one, as my representative,
who will sustain the present administration of the
General Government ; or who denies the right of
State interposition, to prevent the operation of an
unconstitutional law, after a fair resort to the
ballot box has failed, or where the mischief
is too urgent to permit a delay to that resort, as
WAS THE CASS IN GEORGIA AT THE TIME OF MY
resignation. Having fairly responded lo your
call, and rendered to you justice as far as was
within my power, you will not deem me ttnreu-
sonnbie, if l avail myself of this opportunity of
doing justice lo myself, even although 1
may subject you to tho perusal ol a longer reply
than you probuhly anticipated.
In consequence of my resignation. I became im
mediately the subject ot the most unmeusuredabuse
through some of the Clark Gazettes in our State
and a few of their fellow laborers out of if. Tilts
i did not design to notice nt the time, nor, Imve I
ever written a line for publication on tlie subject
of my resignation. A writer in tlie Macon Tele
graph, then a Clark paper, but now an Union one.
and marching under the same banner with your
self, and I believe still conducted by the same edi
tor ; not content with denying my right to resign
and the principle upon which I resigned, attacked
my professional capability and character, and en
deavored lo degrade me in public estimation. The
most abusive portion of that article, ns far as related
to myself, was transferred lo tlie most conspicu
ous column of the Charleston Courier, and there
published in the midst of my professional as well as
personal friends.
That paper was then friendly to the Adams Ad
ministration, is now an Union puper, and also
matching under the same banner with yourself, and
was I believe almost the only paper which was un
principled enough to copy those scandals from the
anonymous piece in the Macon Telegraph. Hid
the whole article been copied, I should have had
little to object, for in the latter part, Gov. Troup
“and hie heir presumptive” (Mr. Forsyth succeed
ed Col. Troup,) were denounced “as fellow labor,
era in treason,” and Mr. Berrien, who was then at
Washington at Senator from our Slats, figured at
“Aeir disciple” in that valuable branch of educa
tion. I waa at leaal in good company.—I was
charged with perjury, because I had refused to dis
charge th* duly impoeed upon me, and thereby
delayed the f'!«***• tl'*"' Pr ** id ,r«. 2?
waa fete*. •• »w appsfif by - reference M my
fished letter *jteSecWwyi I Immediately «• rim
receipt at the ardor, took lb* P»op*r steps to proofs
from the Creek Agent, the testimony on which lb*
application for the warrant most have been based ;
and I communicated to Ihe Secretary of War s copy
of my letter to Col. Crowell aakingfor ihe teslimony,
und apprized him, lliat ns soon »* the wurrunt
could bo obtained I would place it jn the hands Of
the Marshal, with the necessary instructions; “tlmt
thus far 1 had fell it my duty to do. but if required
lo go further, he must consider that, a* a tender of
my resignation.”
You perceive then that the charge even of a re
fusal to obey Ihe order, was false. Bill it was
deemed necessary by some of the then administra
tion pupers to slander me, and as no just cunie
could be found, they were compelled to resort to a
course now quite familiar, they made one. My
resignation wus based upon a principle which they
did not then relish, and in tire consideration of
which, with great bitterness of feeling, the Union
papers at the South are, al this day, I believe, unani
moils. The principle is, that in a conflict between
the Federal Government and our own State, acting
through her regularly constituted organs, oor alle*
giance is due to the State of which we are citizens.
That this was the principle, nnd the avowed prin
ciple, is manifest from the following extract from
my letter of resignation already published; “In a
contest in which the interests and character of
Georgia are so deeply involved, I should feel my
self unworthy of the office I hold, and of the confi
dence whicti the President has hitherto reposed in
me, if contrary to my own views of right and the
higher duties I owe to my native State, I could ar
my myself against Iter.” This I suv was tho prin.
ciple ; and although Ihe Administration papers of
ttiat day condemned it, as do also the Administra
tion pnpers of tlie present day, I had the satisfnc*
lion to find that my course wus highly approved by
mnny valued friends.some of whom I do not the less
value because we are now found in opposite ranks,
I hud also iho satisfaction lo find that it was ap
proved by the citizens of my county, who, on tlie
first opportunity, elected me their representative,
by an overwhelming majority ; and two years nf.
ter, to (tie State Senate, without opposition ; and
tliat it was also approved by tlie Legislature, then
nearly divided between the Troup and Clark par
ties, by a joint resolution of commendation, passed
with unusual unanimity. The condition contained
in your letter of acceptance was also highly satis
factory lo me, because it seemed to give your sanc
tion to tho principle upon which Iliad acted; per
haps in this I may have done yon injustice for th»
principle is now scouted hy all the presses of the parly
with which you are acting, nod tite Union parly of
South Carolina seem to be almost ready to take
arms against it. A curious way, by the bye, of
orexervmg tlie Union. Tlie Adams papers in Car.
o inu, and the C ark presses in this State, have pre
served their consistency, if such is not the Hue
principle, then it follows, tliat incase Georgia had
come to blows will) tlie Federal Government, the
whole Troup parly would Imve been traitors—and
if worsted, would have been liable lo bo execu ed
as such. Did the Troup party admit this lo be so
at tlie time ?
THE. BIG CHINESE LETT
Tte Wesblegte* Union ofSetu^,
oouaOH* Itet llii* singular docuutj,.
by the Emperor of Chine to the
United Steles, reached that ciiy on Frida*
•aid to consist of a roll 7 feet 1 inch ions k,«, **
it inches wide. The writing is on a
yellow silk, with a margin of siik o?,h.«^
embroidered in gold thread. Tlie letter
languages, (Chinese and Mancha Tartar )k 0*
•cter* of largo size, and in perp,.„dicul.', c “| 1 'r f -
which are separated hi live middle bv ih„ t™
teal—which is composed of Chint-te
enclosed in a carlnuclw shorn ihrec in,he*
This- roll is enclosed in a wrapper c f rello*^ U *m‘
(yefiww being the imperial Color;). «kiel, ,L"
enclosed in a rnuiid box covered whh vtll,,. ”.,!*
and closed by two fastenings of ju*
finally is enclosed in sn oblong square bo*«f '**
wood, and padded and lined with yr-lluw silk aj"
following it a translation of the Letter slid/?
Mr. Parker : ' **
The great Emperor presents his regards ton-
President, and trusts he is well, » — »H*
I the Emperob having looked up and
the manifest will of Heaven, hold the reins of
emment over, and soothe and tranquilize the
tralFlowery Kingdom, regarding all within
yotid tlie border seas as ono and the same femilv
Early in the spring, the Ambassador o/W
orable Nation, Caleb Cushing, having r «w
your letter arrived from afar at my province of Yw.
He having passed over the vast oceans with s£
speakable toil and fatigue, I, the Burnea wl
bearing to cause him further incon*eni«ac» nf
travelling by land nnd water, to dispense with t!j
coming to Peking lo be presented at coiirU. [ w M .j | T
appointed Ke Ying, of the imperial mml. 1
ter and commissioner extraordinary, t 0 repsirlhith-
er, and to treat him with courteous attention, *
Moreover, they having negotiated end settled all
things proper, the said minister took tlie letter,end
presented it for my inspection ; and yob* aincerit*
nnd friendship being in the highest degree resl snd
the thoughts and sentiments being will) the ut'moit
sincerity and trutli kind, at the une ufopeningstid
perusing it my pleasure and delight were exceediss
ly profound. ”
All and every thing they had settled regarding
ihe regulations of commerce, 1 the Emfsror forth!
er examined with utmost scrutiny, and foundihn
are nil perspicuous, and entirely and perfectly le.
dicious, and forever worthy of adherence. 1
To Cwang Chow.Hen. Mun, Fuh Chow, King f.
and Sluing He.* it is alike permitted the citizens
of the United Stales to proceed, and according is
ihe articlesof the treaty, nt their convenience to
carry on commerce.
Now, bound by perpetual amity nnd concord, ad.
vantage will accrue to the citizens of both nntioos,
which. I trust, must certainly cause the Presidby
also, to be extremely well satisfied and delight.
Taon Kwang, 24th yr. lltli m. and 7th d. (I6ik
Dec. A. D. 1844 ) V
Great seal of the empire in Signet of the
I have another claim for justice to intrude npon
you. If tlie denunciations ugainst the politicul
parly with which I urn associated, of being Disuni-
onisls, Seditionists, and Traitors, had not in any
manner received your sanction I should not feel
myself al liberty, on the present occation to trou
ble you with the subject: but as a member of the
State Rights'Pnrty, 1 must come in for a share, per.
Imps a full share of these delicate attributes.
And in your Oration on tlie 4th of July las',
t ere is a squinting of the same kind of com
pliment to ihe party, or lo a portionof it,—
As you have called upon me to relievo you
from a charge made by others, and not affect
ing your moral character, you cannot surely refuse
to hear me on n clturge, sanctioned in some meas
ure, by yourself on a public occasion, and which if
■ rue, ought to subject me tu tae contempt of every
honest man. [t is possible that a few individuals
widely scattered, but I know mine such, may imve
attached themselves to our ranks who aro wicked
or mad enough to wish for disunion ; hut is it not
equally possille, that there are also among your
unionists, a few who would he willing to bend tho
pliant knee to a despot? The truth is these hard
names are always freely applied in limes of high
polititical excitement, und are generally resorted
to as a substitute for argument to mislead the igno
rant. In the great contest between liie Federal
and Democratic Parties, Jacobin and Tory were as
IVecly applied to most ill islriuus and patriotic men
of tlmt time, us disunionisl and submission men are
lo those of the present day. But those great fath
ers of our liberties have now gono to their honor-
uble gtuves nnd there they sleep shielded hy their
own vutuesand tlieir country’s lovu ; and who so
vile, ns to inscribe on their tombs—Tory or Jaco
bin ? I am sure you have too much good sense to
to apply these terms in sober eurnestness to any
portion of your fellow citizens—they ought to be
left for the exclusive use of vulgar politicians, to
whom alone such weapons properly belong.
The State Rights Party, of which I am otic, allagree
n the one great principle—the right of State interpo
sition; and are all, as I solemnly believe, as fervently
devoted to the preservation of our happy Union, as any
other political party til tho country. That certain
great, important and exclusive rights, are reserved hy
tho Constitution to tlie Slates, no one I think will deny;
and that these rights are reserved to the Slates respec-
tively, and tint ns a body, i think is equally p'ain. If a
State has rights, slic must also iiave the right, indepen
dent of others, to protect thi-tii, and no other power can
lawfully control her in the exercise of that right of self
protection, or in the selection of the means ,- she hav
ing a just regard to the rights of others. Some of the
State li ghts party may have expressed a preference
for a particular remedy—claiming the right of a Stste
lo interpose. I do myself, with a large portion of my
political friends, think it wiser to select and app y the
remedy according to tho nature and violence ol the dis
ease. I do not approve of tile Sangrado system, of
warm water, iu every case- Georgia made su- Ii selec-
lion and applied it with effect in 1826 1827, under
Troup. Carolina also selected Iter's, which resulted in
a modification of the Tariff satisfactory to her, an! the
only evil result of any lasting consequence, from its ap.
plication has been, the disgrace of our Statute B-iuk by
the passage of (lie F -ice U II. Even that remedy was
unquestionably better than yours by Revolution; be.
c-iuse in revolution a man has tlie gallows in prospect,
no mliter which side he takes; and he is seldnm per
mitted to remain neutral. Your other remedies hy re
monstrance, protest, &c. are wliat ill medicine are pro
perly called brick dust remedies; they serve to amuse
the patient, but operate neitlisr to increase nr retard the
disease There is one point, however, in wnich I have
little doubt wo all agree. The hope that there will, in
future.be no necessity for the apdlication of any other
remedy than that of Ihe ballot box.
I have done. I presume you have desired my reply
for publication. As it may fall into other hands less
honorable than your own, and 1 am uuwtlling that it
should be garbled, you will, I am sure, do me the jus.
tice to publish it eul re, and oil the same sheet, and that
immediately. If, however, you decline to publish this
correspondence, which I cannot for a moment beiieve, 1
reserve lo myself the right of doing so.
I atm dear sir, very respectfully, your obt. servt.
RICHARD W- HABERSHAM.
To M. II. McAllister, Esq.
For Parents.—The ordinution of Providence,
says a distinguished writer, is llint h 'me should
form our character. The first object of parents
should be lo make homo interesting. It is a bad
sign whenever children have So wander from the
parental roof for amusement. Provide pleasure
for them around their own fireside and among them
selves. The excellent Leigh Richmond pursued
this plan—had a museum in his houso, and exerted
every nerve lo interest his little flock. A luve of
home is one of the greatest safeguard* io the world
of man. Do you ever sss men, who delight iu their
own fireside, lolling about taverns and oyster cel
lars? Implssi this Fsniimeni early iu a child, It
is t mighty preservative against vice.
Chinese and Tartar
^imperial will(
(Signed; PETER PARKER.
—“ Late Cainese Secretary lo the Legatios,
*The/ee ports in the Chinese empire wliieb-lh*
t reaty opens to flic commerce of the United Stilts,
Editor.
[From the New Orleans Picayune, '26th ufc]
FROM MEXICO.
The United States Squadron under Commodore Coi
ner, consisting of the Frigate Potomac, slssp-of war
Falmouth, and brigs Lawrence and Somers, which w<
announced as off the Balizo on Saturday last, arrived It
Pensacola on the 23d u It., in ten days from Vera Cruz.
By this arrival wo have received our fjes and corres
pondence to Ihe day of the sailing of tke squadron. Tb*
most important intelligence brought by the Beet relates
to a revolution that had broken out in lh« city of Mex
ico, and tlie purposes of the Mexican Government in re
gard to Annexation.
The officers and crews of the squadron were well.—
The yellow fever was prevailing lo a considerable ej.
tent at Vera Cruz. Tho only war vessels in port wen
the French brigs Griffon and Mercury. The schoooer
Creole was the only American vessel there when tin
squadron sailed, and little oilier shipping in port.
We proceed to lay before oar readers at once (be
following letter, which is tbe latest we have receind,
which gives a more decided opinion in regard totht
intentions of the Alexican Government touching As.
nexation, than any we have before had from the saint
source. The writer considers war as certain io tb*
event of Annexation—a contingency that has in ill
probabili'y taken place before this time. Our antisiss-
tion of a declaration of war upon the part of MciicsIm
begun to abate before the receipt of thin letter. Wt
aro not altogether persuaded yet that such a step will
betaken, though we have repeatedly explained why,is
tlie present condition of Mexican politics, such a conn*
might be pursued, without any definite views benign,
tei-taincd by the Alexican Cabinet of its ends or 'b* ob
jects to be accomplished by it. Perhaps the British
Government could give as good a solution of the de
sign of such a war as President Herrera ot any of bin
ministers. Hero is the letter :
Vera Cruz, June 11,
An attempt at another revolution was made at tie
city of Mexico on the 6th inst.,which at one time had*
moet serious appearance - A regiment broke 'bwsp
the guard stationed at tlie Government Palace aodtecs
the President and Secretary of Foreign Relations pris
oners ; but the revolutionists were immediately eft*-
wards put down by the citizens and soldiers, and the
above distinguished peieonagee set at liberty. Inlbie
affair, a colonel, a captain, and about thirty ofthepn*
vates belonging to the malcontents, were killed, ubss
quiet was once more restored* Many men in high ill.
lion in Mexico are suspected of having a hand mcaiie-
ing this new outbreak, and it is said that Ex-Sctie'* 1 ?
Tome! lias been arrested and imprisoned.
With respect to politics, Texas is the all abeorbtlf
topic of the day, and all eyos are turned intbedina-
tionof that country in the anxious expectation of lb*
fins! solution of the pending question. The Gortra*
men! and people generally arc pretty well satisfied iW
nothing can prevent annexation. Tbe former seeetie
moment arrive with regret when it must iktlametr*
fall, and the latter wait with anxiety the arrival of H*
time for the Government lo take a step which, hot*
them, would Iiave been taken long since, wilbooie**
reflecting on the consequenres—Ihe declarstioo A
hostilities against the United Stares. As one ofyaf
celebrated Editors says, nous verrons. In then' **
time, tbe Government is noiselessly marching Uwf*
from Mexico into tlie interior ; and although theirdeaj
filiation is said to be California, still tho knowledged
the fact that in that department the Governmenti*‘
no need, or immediate need of more sold ers than lie
there uow, would load one lo suppose that the real *•*
fination of those al present on the march Northste
is the frontier of Texas or that vicinity.
It would bo folly, perfect madness,for a country**
this, distracted and without means, to go lo war •*.
the United States, and for a territory that does not *•’
long to them, but 1 still think tbe measure will**®.
sorted to. In tny mind the matter does t ot admit***
doubt—if Texas is annexed, Mexico will
Foreign merchants are purchasing up all the cochin**
that can be bought, and remitting it to E u, bP* by*** 1
ry opportunity.
Yours, Sec. Sea,
A Virginia Verdict,—In Jefferson
Virginia, Nelson Hooper, twenty-seven to tnbw
years of age. has bei-n tried for the murder •*
William Brooks, in Morgun County, on tb*
February lust. The defence made was “itnasjjk
It was proved that ihe prisoner was addicted tj
drinking, frequently lo exceas. There »et»***
have been but little ground for a quarrel nst"
iho parlies. The case accupisd iwo diy»,
Wednesday night Ihe whole matter wa» rofer
a jury, who retired, and in *bout half *a b* ,,,
turned with the following verdict t
“ We, the jury, find ihe prisoner, Nel* on
guilty of murder iu thi second degree, snd ** ^
certain the term of him imprisonment, io fl**r'JV
! lie jail, or peuiieutisry house, In the oily “•
I maud, lo be eighteen years.
The greatest compliment svsr paid by ” D * t
I tary character to siioiher, wes P**d by Fr—,
tlie Great lo Washington. ••Hi* tend i* *A *”
I ad bi* bead is a sUte council N