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HHOW OP MBUG. Ol* 1 *orfiftYuifg<MtffJitf; sss pie nr fibre gun. i •lioriir, while the yield grew lee*. It ie hie firm coneiellon, ihet If the America Oarfeeddre will recollect iHeteome iwoor three ' teed be planted nver*nd o»er ngeln In tlie •aim « yceraege wcttatf oeoceion to tomMt the notion crMoh eondry paper* were endeavoring to eatabliah, Ibet American Cotton could be aueeeaafully culii noted in India, and ao much mure cheaply than ■ C (• the United 8l»to*. that it would toon compel the t vi flwMherti cotton plautcra to lorn their hand* to soil, in India in Jive yreri it will totally cease l. mature any cotton whatever I He also any-, bj changing it to other diatricu, it tnuy be made i> yield something a few year* longer but would ul‘i inatoly run out. J3BB e deubt, In' the Atlantic State* we think the falling off will be felly one-third from the crop ol Inal year. From the gulf Stales also, tlm a ccuunte lately are of euch a character as to induce the belief, that the supply will be muterielly short ened alao in that quarter. The highest estimate now placed upon the anticipated receipts of Cot Ion in New Orleans, the present seuson, is 1 100,- 000 bales, whilst u much greater lulling off is ex pected at Mobile. In our own Slate and Georgia, tho lulling till' of the supply will be still greater. Wo confidently predict, that the growing crop, not* withstanding it will he materially short from last year, will nett the planters more in t|io aggregate than the tremendous crop which ims just gone tor- ward.—Ham. Jour. other product. For want of tho requisi fkots, wo were at that time unable to demolish the twmbeg to effectually na to force ita advocates to Mrreuder,—nbltough we believe we produced con- cietiou in unprejudiced minds. Since that date, the experiments then In progress in India, under the direction of experienced Americun cotton. ■sowers, have been brought to a conclusion, and Cave resulted in ait utter failure. The purticulara ■re attted hi the annexed extract of a letter from IheNeweYork correspondent of the Washington Union,—the same who has corresponded for us ex* lenaively, unlnl the signatures of Manhatl, nn, Hen- txeUe, Putnam, La Snllo, &c. New-Yurx. Sept. 22,1845. Tho Zenobia, which arrived at Ihia port on Sa turday morning last, from Calcutta, E>st Indies, brought home one of the American cotton pluniers, who, tome five years since, entered the service of the Hon. East Indin Company, ns a superintend ent of cotton farms, in their extensive experiment made to grow American Colton in that region, and to improve the cultivation of native Cotton. I have had much conversation with Mr.T., who went from Mississippi; and alter having served the Go. veramenl for five years, the term of his engage ment, has returned us stured, in the Zenobia. llo has communicated to me much vnluuble and inter- eating information in relation tolndiu. Ho estimates the experiment bus cost the Go vernment about 9500.000, and that it has resulted in tire most complete and signal failure ! In 1640. an ngenl of the Government came to the United Status, and repaired to Louisiana nnd Mississippi, where I lie growing of Colton has been Carried to the greatest state of perfection, and where he ongagetl ten Americans, who hud been employed in superintending Cotton estates in that acction of the Union for severul years. They were wrell recommended by tho most respectable planters. They left with the agent fur India, via England, and look with them large quantities of the best American cotton seed, agricultural im plements, cotton gins, presses, &c. The planters were engaged ul an average sulu. ry ol'ubout £3000 each, with an ullowunce for suit- aiaience of £100 more. Each entered into a con tract to remain in the service of the company five years, and to conduct the experiments in such . parts ol littliu as the Government should point out. Of the leu persons thus engaged, three after ihu first year returned home, being paid their salaries up to the tuns of leaving, hut were left to bear their own expenses huine,-|wbile, according to the agree* tnent, those who remained five years were to have nil their expenses borne from America to India, nnd from thence, at the expiration of the service, back to the United States. Seven of the put ty re mained to the end of their engagement—one ol whom is Mr. T., who has just arrived in the Zeno bia. He says, on reaching India, their party were distributed to different parts of the Indian empire, in order that tlie experiment might be tested in re- Terence to the different soils und varieties of cli mate in the vast empire. One (Mr. T.) tvns placed at Calpee. in the dis trict of Bundtlcund. Another was stationed at Uuruckpore, under the Nepal hills ; another in Doonb ; another wns located in Soomapoore, an other at Hume poore, in the povince of Banda ; another at Runtli, in Bundelpnre ; another in Coimbatore and at Surat, on the western side of the peninsula. After experiinen'ing a year or lwo.nt euch place, without prospect of success, they were changed to other localities, so as to give every district in lu- diu, as far us possible, a trial. Mr. T. wus chang. ttd from Bundelcund to Kungpole, Northern India; near the base, and in full view of the Himalaya mountains, which were covered with perpetual anow. Others were changed to Dalttvar, in the southern Muhrnttu country. The American planter placed at Rantch. during • rebellion which commenced witli the Decoy Is, (lobbers,) had his premises attacked, his houses sacked and burnt, barely escaping witli his life and the clothes he wore. In every part of India where the Americans tri ed the cultivation ofcotlon, nnd endeavored to in. struct the natives in the best mode of culture, they moat signally failed '. Those who remained used every exertion to succeed, as they wore liberully paid, having ever faculty granted that they could ask with the expectation of being handsomely rewarded if they succeeded. Mr. T. thinks the two great and insuperable dif ficulties, in llte way uf cultivating cotton in India, ere nlltibuted to the Iwogreut extremes of dry and wet weather, eilhur of winch is peculiarly fntul In cotton. During the continuance of the runty sea. son, the cotton plants begin in grow witli unwonted luxuriance and rapidity,to be as suddenly checked and cut off by the intense heal of the sun, which pours upon litem during the succeeding dry sell, son. When tho dry weather sets in, the sun ripens the bolls prematurely, when apparently nut more than halt grown while tho leaves of the plant are Crisped unci burnt to a brown color by lie intensity of the solar beet. In lower Bungal, the rainy season commences late in May, and continues till October. In cen tral India, the rainy season begins about the mil- die of July, and lasts till from the 1st to the 15th uf September. In lower Bengal as much ns TO inches of rain usually falls in twelve months. In central India, no crops cun he anticipated witli much less then 13 inches of ruin. Eleven inches never fails to result in • famine, which is dreadful in its effects upon the natives. lu addition to the unconquerable difficulties of the climate, the cotton planl is exposed to tho fatal attacks of destructive insects. There is one, which lays an egg in the flower of llte plant. Be. fore the hull mulures, the worm forms within it, which feeds upon tho green and tender fibres of the Cotton, eating out all the cotton within the boll hafure it matures ; leaving only a luck or two in some holis, or pods, while, in others, not a fibro is left. In some parts of India it ia ulso subject to the attacks of while ants, which cut down the plants while young, or uliuck the young pods, and cut them off. All that tho Americans could do, with their best exertions, only enabled them to raise, on tlie aver age, about loo pounds of clean cotton to the acre from llte best American cotton seed, and only sev- enty pounds of clean cotton In the acre from native India cotton seed. Mr. T., before leaving Mississippi to go to In. 4ia, superintended a cotton ostate near Rodney, in that State, in 1839. on which lie raised over nine hundred prounds of clean cotton to the ucre ! He My*, that year lie made a line crop, actually send, ing to market two hundred bales of good cotton, averaging four Itundrod & fifty pound* each, from ninety six aerosol land! What a contrast, this, to cropping in India ! Mr. P. one of the American cotton growers who spent to India, and was stationed at Gorucpore, pul twa hundred acres In cotton, from which he gnilter* ad only two hundred pounds of clean cotton t i he most tlusre acta to Coimbatore could do, was to raise in a favorable year, two hundred pound* of «o«d cotton to tlie acre, equal to about fifty pound* uf clean cotton ! The most Mr. T. could do, was to raise, tho first year, ten pounds of clean cotton from American cotton Med of tho Mexican variety, {the best,) and seventy pounds of native cotton, to llte acre. He says the Amerlcau seed carried out front about Rodney, (the best in America, da* HENRY CLAY’a FARM. A correspondent of the Cleveland Herald thus describes Mr. Clay’s residence. The city of Lexington, adjoining which is Aslilund, is a neat and flourishing inland town, of some eight thousand inhabitants. It is ihu centre f mi extensive range of country, second lu iio othur in fertility, benuty and cultivation. About ouo mile cast from this city is Ashland, tile farm and home of HENRY CLAY. His house is u liundsoine nnd atibsiunlin! edifice, Ihu main body about forty fool by fifty, with wings of proportion ate dimensions. It stands in the midst of a pro. fusion of venerable forest trees, evergreens and shrubbery, upon a geiitlu elevution in the centre of u lot containing nbutil fifty acres, and is some for ty rotls iron tlie roud. A serpentine carriage.w ay leads through the grove to the house, nnd numer ous pathways tastefully arranged, beautify his ex tensive grounds. His house is plainly hut well luriiisbed, containing many choice olid valuable vidnnees of the respect and affection of his coun trymen. Than there is a stone cheese house and a stone butter.house, Ashland lining celebrated lor the quantity ami quality uf the butter numb thereat. Ills eaiekeii-liouse, dove-house, stables, barns and -beds, tire nil in perfect repair, spacious, neat and in order. His frail and vegetable garden contains about four acres, und ini's arrangement,I suiv Mrs. Clay giving personal directions. There is also n large green house, filled with choice plants and beautiful llowets. His negro collages arc exceedingly comfortable, ail white.wished, ulean an well furnished, and plea- , ly of floweis in ihu windows, and abuut lhe dwell, ings. His slaves possess more of llio comforts of life, have better dwellings, are bettor clothed, nnd work less than a majority of the duy laborers oftlie Morth. *1 have never seen an establishment in any country, in all its departments, furnish so runny proofs of domestik oumfort, permanent and usefnl arrangement, united with such exceeding good taste and unpretending elegance. Mr. Clay’s lurm contains about 800 acre- ; nnd in all my wanderings, including even New England I have never seen the same number of acres inn body, as handsome, as productive, as well fenced, and as well cultivated. His wood land is cleared of ull underbrush und deud woud—his fields are enclosed with good fences, with the top rails all on, and not u weed or u briar in tlie corners—hjs hemp fields, &c., uro prepared with the skill and care of a tin illy former—und he hasten ucre* of corn, upon which he bus bestowed extra labor nnd alien, ti m with the view ol ob'aiuing the premium. Then there are his fine-blooded cunle. sin und horses, apportioned off into lots, according to ago, and the use and purposes fur which they are designed. Indeed, there is no spot in or uljout his residence or farm that will not furnish evidence of his being a thrifty, profitable and practical farmer. True it is Hint 1 bud read and heard much of Mr. Guy, us the “Furtnerjof Aslilund,” uut 1 regarded him as what is termed ‘a gentleman farmer'—as bne who hud a farm, but knew little and eared less hotv it was cultivated. But let any one walk with Mr. Clay over his broad acres—notice bis intimate knowledge of every tiling pertaining to farming— hear him relate Itotv lie prepares and improves bis lauds, changes his crops, improves his slock, and yearly renders more nnd more productive and pro. fituble his extensive plantation—ai d lie will then see with his own eyes that one of tlie best, practi cal nnd most useful farmers, in this or any other country, is Henry Clay, tlie Farmer of Ashland; und be will also see and learn that the best butter and cheese in the Lexington market are made by Mrs. Clay, tho wife of the “Farmer of Ashland.” mm A GREAT MORAL TRIUMPH. Now that tho election is over in 'lie State ol Maryland, and its results ascertained, we are au thorized in representing it a great triumph of lltosi principles of law and of public fuiilt which it ba been our lubor and our pride, und that oftlie VVItig party generally, to uphold against those who hub dually und systematically war against both. Tito late entirely Whig Representation of Mu. ryland in Congress was ns putcly an accident ns wus the late toss of (lie Congressional election in the Baltimore district. The Whig strength in tin Stale did not, neither did any calculation uf ncci dents, justify tho expectation ot any similar result ut tlie election which lias jasl taken place. N man of any parly therefore looked for it. Tho Whigs ought to Ituvo curried three, and perhaps four out of (lie six Congressional districts. Why they did not, is sufficiently known to our readers. Happily, in llte present slute of parties, the loss of member* in the House of Representatives, howev er to lie regretted, is not of us much consequence' a* it would be were parlies more equally divided Ilian they now ure. The severest otdeul to which Representative Government can be subjected.every body knows, is llte necessity for heavy direct and indirect tuxu. lion. Tlie. greatest trial of '.lie integrity nnd cour. age of uny annual legislative body is precisely such as thut which the late House of Delegates pussed through, acquitting itself with firmness und lionur. It rtinuined to be seen whether there was inlelli jonce enough, and public spirit enough, in the Ira. dy oftlie people, to sustain the measures of those faithful public servant*, so as to secure the Slute iliul full ndvantuge from them which will always surely follow porseverance itt tlie maintenance of llte public faith, uttd consequently llte public crod. it. Tlie Seriate of the State, it is t rue, wns already safe against uny rash, radical, or repudiating schemes, suclt us could lead only to disusler und disgrace. But we desired some evidence, through llte ballot-box, that there was virtue enough ill llte People to sustain lltoir public servants in doing Iteir duty, and doing it liko men, under circuin- ,unices iii which legislators in oilier States, preferr uga fleeting popularity to the permanent welfare of their State, have ignominious!)' shrunk from the responsibility. This evidence Ims been afforded by the Into e- lection in Maryland, not in llte merely obtaining u Whig majority, but also in the firmness manifest ed by the Whigs in the counties in which they bure- ly failed of choosing the candidates. The moral spectacle afforded by the county of Frederick, for example—the great battle field of principle—is u» imposing as though the Whigs had succeeded in electing every Delegate by n majority of hundred*. The same may be said of o:her counties similar, ly situated. We say that llte result of llte election in Mury* land, whether considered in reference loiter own interests, or in lltu lignt of an example to oilier Stales, is a great moral tiiumph, worthy in every respect of her ancient fume. Prospects op the Planter.—We consider the prospects ol our Planters at this lime, altogether more cheering than for some lime past. The news brought to lilts country from England und the Con tinent, by the Steamer Brittania, is of it very grail, fying character to the growers of Cotton. Tliero had been very heavy sales of the staple at a con. siderablc advance upon lormer prices, large quan- liliea of which had been taken on speculation. The prospect* of tlie hsrvest presented a more cheering feature than we had been led to believe, nnd mut tors upon the whole, wear a much better aspect than wo had anticipated. That tlie crop of Cot ton iu the U. State* will bo short, wo think ihero is [From the N. Y. Jotr. of Com., Oct. 4.] ARRIVAL OF THE CAMBRIA. nrraaa days latxh from kuropk. The ateamer Cambria. Captain Judkins, arrived at East Boston at half past 5 on Tuesduy afternoon having made the pnssuge in 13 days. She biought 83 passengers. We Ituve received by Iter our re- gulur files of Loudon papers to Sept. 18, uud the European Times to the 19th. The stute ul Europe continues tranquil, and there is no political news of an important cltaruc- er. Tlie apprehension of scarcity wns removed in England, and in France, by a succession of fine weather, for two or thtee weeks, allhquglt the crop did not promise to be so abundant as that of lust year. Tito pulatoe disease had prevailed to an alarming degree in some parts ot England, and also in Belgium, Franco and oilier parts of Eu rope. The cotton market had sustained the improve ment which was reported by the last stenmer, und during tlie last sales had been nctive and to a large amount. Tlie general average of prices of wheat re turned for the regulation of the duly, for the six weeks ending Sept. 6, was 55s. lOd. The aver age of the lust week, corresponded exactly with tho average of the six. The rate of duly was 17s. per quarter. • The rate of discount for commercial paper in London was 2 a 2 3-4 per cent, per annum. Queen Victoria had returned from her visit to Germany, and gone to Osborne House, iu tlie Isle of Wight, where she arrived on llte 1 Oils. The Journal des Debats says :—“Queen Vic toria iniglit-froni Antwerp or Ostend have crossed over to England in a fetv hours, but for llte pleas ure of shutting bands witli tlie King of the French she preferred to that short voyage remaining on board the royul yacht 30 hours. Before landing at Treporl on Monday morning, site hud not slept on shore from tlie time she left Cologne, on Friday evening; The French on Iter arrivui, testified by loud acclamations their approbation of tito signal proof of friendship given by Iter to their august chief, and ut which it is impossible nut lu be affect ed, considering that it is the pledge of tlie repose and happiness of the whole world.” Parliament tins been further prorogued to the 27th of November. Tlie iron shipbuilders, Messrs. Hodgson & Cm. of Liverpool uro building un iron Ship of 1200 tons burden, llte first of a line of steamers betwe en New Yurk uud Liverpool. Tlie steamship Hibernia from Boston Sept. 1. arrived at Liverpool, at 7 o’clock, on the morn it ig of tlie 13tlt, liuving made Iter pass age in less th an 12 days. Tito Great Briinin which left N. Yor k, Aug. 36, arrived ut 7 o'clock on tlie morning of t lie 15tli, liuving m ide the passage in less titan 16 dir ,s. Her passengers published an uddi-ess to tho puhi ic, expressing their gratification at the ease nnd act jo. modntion afforded by tlie vessel, and their bid ief that it is capable ofbeing made to work with nil 'ch greater speed. London,Sept. 18—Evening.3 o’clock. There lias been much more business done to day in tlie share market, and prices nre in con. se quence firmer. A reference to our usual list » ill exhibit the rise and fall in qoointion*. Consuls for money 98 14 to 3 8 and 99 3 8 to 1-2 lor ac count. Importation of Foreign Grain.—It is stated tt tat orders have been aunt out from this country with in llte Inst two mouths to llte amount of three millia ns sterling, for the importation of foreign grain unc er the expectation that it wilt be required before tlie harvest of 1840, either lu be mixed with Engl islt grain or lu he used separately. London, Sept. 17. The weuther wus still bad at Paris an 15llt, w .tit every appearance of its continuing so. Tlie eq ui- noctiul gales were supposed to have contmenci id, but in must quarlers llte harvest tvns complete ly finished. Letters from Nunles of tho 1 lilt im rl. siule tliul the harvest tvas over iu that part uf Br it- tnuy, und that, on the whole, the produce wns mu* dt greater iliuu had been expected. The quality of (lie grain, moreover hud been a little impaired by tlie inclemency of the sensem. Liverpool. Sept. 19. Tltp fine weather which prevailed at tlie date of our last publication, continued uninterruptedly u. i til Tuesday Iasi. Since then I ho elements liav c changed, ruin Ims fallen in torrents, and the me r- cury is still low. But the beautiful weather whir h Ims prevailed during tlie last tw > or three week *, Ims, inu great measure, saved tho crops ; weuthe r more propitious for harvest operations cannot b i imagined, nnd in ull directions tlie fanners hat e been Inking advantage of it. A great deal of th e outstanding tvlteut and oats have been secured, ar d if the unfavorable change should continue, it cat i- not be productive of much serious injury. But th e lung continued wet, and tlie absence of tvnrintl t, Ituve operated injuriously upon the quality ns we ll as tlie quantity uf the new crops. The yield of th ic grain which bus been threshed out is light and of inferior qtmliiy, and the accounts from nil parts of llte country on this head ure nearly uniform. W 'e have passed through llte ordeal better limn ecu Id Ituve been expected u mouth ago; hut. owing to the inferiority of the crops, and the almost genet • ut failure of the pulalou crops hero und elsetvhor f, the grain markets all over the kingdom have bee n rising of late. This state of things bus been im- influenced, to sumo extent, by the failure of llit > rice crop in Cuiulinn, and by tho drought which Ita s injured moro or less tlie crops iu llte Northeri t Slates but mainly it is at'.ributublo to the getters I failure uf the potato crop here und on the cuminen t. and to the inferiority ol llte presuut as comparer I with former years’ grain. A glance at our murke t returns will show how fur those combined cause s have operated. The probability is, iliul guud, i f not high prices, will beoulnined, during llio ensu-- ittg winter, fur most descriptions of food ; and ul though matters would Ituve been much worse if out home harvest hud been less productive, a number of other circumstances—amongst them the floodt which have destroyed the wheal in ihegreni corn fields of Northern Europe, the valleys of Vistula nnd tlie Elbe—will operate to prevent cheap food, (luring the next twelve months. The British Navy —During the past week the greatest activity lias prevailed in llio different tie' partinents ol the Admirably. The dockyards aro being increased in number of artisans and quanti ties of stores of nil descriptions. The Lurds of the Admirably,now that they have put the ordina ry into llio most efficient slate, nre concentrating their ullention un the conversion uf Ilia old line of halile.ships and frigates into steam guard ships, to he propelled by the screw. These steam guard ship* are to bo brought forward immediately; in fact some of them Ituvo already been taken in hand, Liverpool, Sept 19. The prosent excited stale of affairs iu tho Uni ted States, srising out of the Mexican dispute, and the feeling which, for no wise or pacific puntose, has been evoked there to preveot a speedy and sat isfactory adjustment pf the Oregon question—these combined cause* are aaid to have determined the government to increase inuteriull) our force in Canada, and the North American colonies. 8neh is the curieut rumor* of the dsy.—Enropemn Tints. London, Sept. 18th. Wo have already referred to the extraordinary warlike preparations that nre muking at the nuvul yards of llte kingdom, betokening some iodicn. it, os of an anticipation thut pence nitty he inter. I'Upied, We now find, from another und distant qmarter,u further coufirma'.iua ul these appreheii sions on llte purl of the governors of llte West la d ia colonies Ituve received instructions from the u.flicu ul home to re-embody the Colonial Militia, v/hiclt. for sumo years past have been in ubeyunce; n.ltd as then: is nothing in the internal condition ol i hese colonies to render such a force necessary, I iu ittferei.ee is that this precaution is required by s ome darkening clouds in our foreign relations. F'rimce and America arc the only two countries li y which llte West indies could be assailed. With m liiult of these powers are we likely to cornu into collision ; or, is there u chance Iliul we may have lluein both un our hands at the auine time 1 The r xertious that are muking to equip steam.vessels ot c jnsiderable power and force, leave the particular i- aunty unoeriuin. Steam vessels in a war with F rance would be indispensable, both for offensive u nJ defensive operations, but, ubove all, fur tlie p refection of our trade. Again steam vessels are jt ist that description of force I list could bu most e ffeulually brought into operation in a war with I Miiericn. They are the class of vessels best suit - t d for llio rivurs uf that country ; they could car t y tvur into tlie very heart of the United Status ; t, ley could keep every town and village iu a con s ;uni state of alurm for its safety. Steam ships II ten, will apply equally to France or America, and it ollting can be decidedly inferred from tlioir equip- tent. But llte block slops—these, us wo ituve .town in un article yesterday, can only bu intend d to resist u French Invnsiuii. They could not t c made available iii America, or iu uny otiierdis I tut quarter ; they uro a Channel, und not n trims- lloulic armament—n defensive, not un offensive I jrce. Our speculations, we admit, may bo vision- a ry, but they are certainly speculations, which we I: even right to entertain. The equipment uf the dvnneed ships may have no oilier intention than l to putting llio country into that stale of maritime p reparation which we have always contended is i jdispeusuhlo to her position ns a groat naval, com- i rterciul, uud colonial empire. Still there is nil i urnesme&s und n baste ill bringing them forward i rial would betoken sumetliing mure than a mere I annul matter of routine, a mere concession to p ublic opinion ; while tlie connecting links, the b lock ships und tlie Colonial Militia—appeal to in d icate a want of confidence in our present pacific r eiu ions with other countries.—Shipping Gaz. Isthmus of Panama.—Fresit interest lias been a .(inched to llte loiig-ugiluied question of llte pier- < dug of the Isthmus ol Pnnntnn, by the remarks i nado thereupon tty the National Intelligencer, ol iVnsliington, and other journals. After an exurni- i mliun uf tlie recunmieiiduiiutis given by American ■ tnginccrs (an account ol which, tube intelligible, would occupy ton much space,) the Parisian jour mils assure their Americun contemporaries that 1 .hey nre mistaken iu supposing that France and England want to monopolize the gigantic under taking, and witli it the gigantic advantages of cut- ting through the neck of land which separates the two uceuns. America, they say, hus, both us a mu ill line and a powerful nation, an indisputable right to be associated in whatever muy be under taken by France alone, or by France and Eng'and united, for the accomplishment of this object. Greul us the object is, I fear llml it will be long be fore anything else be dune towards it tliuu talking and writing. BELGIUM. Brussels. Sept. 16.—Our crop of potatoes is al most entirely destroyed, in most plucus a thirtieth part not being wurth anything, and even in the pla ces where the disease hus made llio least ravage*, only n sixth part being preserved. This is a ter rible calamity, potaioes being tlie chief part of the ’ food of the greuler part of our population. In compliance with the general wish of tho country, ministers have issued a royal ordinance, decreeing the admission of wheal and uil kinds of curn, to gether with potaiues, dec. duly free, and forbidding die cxpurlation of such uriiclej. The corn law passed last session by the Chamber will, us a con. sequence uf this ordinance, not receiving the royul assent. The Chambers are convoked for the 16ih, in on extraordinary session. Tlie new Course at Amsterdam was opened with greul ceremony, on the 19th inst. by the King und royal family of the Netherlands. Brussels, Sept. 16.—A Royal decree husjust ap peared ia the Munileur, sanctioning the lormulion of a committee for tlie purpose ol examining anti discussing the must practical means of improving the condiiioir ot the working clusses. und ulso for the purpose of directing tlie utlenlion of govern ment to useful foreign institutions for the benefit of the ubove clusses, ill order that similar estab lishments may be formed here. This committee will be merely a deliberating one, ami will be at' inched to tlie uffiee oftlie Minister ol Justice. The British Queene wns sold yesterday, liy public auc tion, lu Mr. Reynwit, of Antwerp, lor two hundred und thirty eight thousand irancs, The sale is not yet confirmed by tlie government. Tlie furniture will bu pul up fur sulu next week. FRANCE. Paris. Sept. 16.—Mexico and tlie United Slates Ituve again occupied much of the nitei.liun oftlie I’lirisiuii journalists; but ull thut bus been said may tie summed up in one line—either that there will bu no war at all, or tbnt,ifn war, tlie United Stales will completely crush their puny udversnry. The recent urrivuls from Mexico have cuusid some lit tle surprise, lor they show that England is desirous thut peucu be maintained, whereas it wus thought tliut she would not only iucile Mexico to hostilities, ant supply llte means fur carrying lhem on. Comments have been made by (lie leading jour nals oil llio documents rotative to the external coin inurce of the United Slates, lately published by or der of the American Government. The general feeling appears to be surprised at the gigantic growth ul commerce of tile country of the “Young Democracy;” mid one or two of Hip journals draw .ho conclusion tlini, in course of time, Americu \ill succeed in completely breaking down uud I’aturping the vast (rude carried on by Great Britain i riili every country in the world. On every other i |uestiuu, us well as this, the French press nffecls to i hink Iliul the decadence of Great Britain draws ligh.uiid that the United Stu'eswill be the most iciivo contributors towards, if not tho sole uuilior* if, her humiliation and ruin, SWITZERLAND. Our letters from ibis country dwell much upon t rie agitated slute of lliu country, but give no du- l lils worth repenting. The people of Bunin tire inch excited; and il is believed that wh' li ihu bar est shall huvo been got in, ull Switzerland will be i> gain in a slate of convulsion. At present the p uople ure too much occupied to make tvur upon e uch oilier, but the disposition is not wanting. SPAIN. Madrid. Sept. 9.—On the evenihg of the 5th, a number of disaffected persons attempted to create an insurrection. Incited by persons ul importance, about three hundred ol the lower clusses assembled, armed with sticks and guns, and after a lime com menced an attack on tile liurrucks del Posilo, where s lodged the regiment o.' Nuvnrre. Some of the officers and men had previously been gained over, but llio regiment remained true, and, on the word of commund, poured a murderous fire on the ag endums. An officer was killed, and several per* sons were wounded. The troops having subse quently sallied from llio barracks, the insurgents wero pul to flight, and several were urrevted. Mudrid (hen became tranquil, and still remain so. M. Hilar*, tn* eminent-French siatusniuti, Its* arrived in Madrid, and ia heiug feted with all tlie 1 lionets our Ministers and aristocracy can show. People sre beginning to think that il i« time for the Nuvnrz Miuisliy to tall. It is tyrannical, bru iul und unjust; but ulas! it would probably be suc ceeded by another Ministry every bit as bad. Tho queens are expected to lie back to Madrid by the 25tltur 20lh, and the Cortes will probably he opened ill October, though some accounts slain ut a much later period. GERMANY. Berlin. Sept. 9.—The congress of the Zollvrrlen at Cnrtsrliuo is pursuing its deliberations. Nothing positive us to its intentions cun be yet known, but, us I Ituve said in previous letters, liters is iio doubt il will declure in favor of a positive policy lowurds German iminufuclures, tIml is to say, il will fix such a high duty on unpurted articles as shall Ituve tlie effect of preventing their sail ia German mutkets. One part uf the Congress proposes to pul on extra- vugamly high duties, but the other wurmly opposes tliul, because, us it justly says, it will prevent tlie uianuliictui'era from < xerlitig themselves to effect improvements or to lessen prices.* Russia is in fa- vor of a moderate policy—indeed she is about the most liberal of any in llte Congress; but unfortu nately she bus only one vote, like the moat trumpery m . HTATJE OF T Raima, , Natters In llte Various iMnuftotaskM (btlrkis have proceeded satisfactorily. 'The favorable prospects of the hsrvest have given an impetus to Ike vsriocs, hu v era w ho frequent tlie cloth halls of Leeds, MuiMrn(|„|j See. Prices sre rather on the rise. Minsk* »( Leeds and Huddersfield are low. Tlie market at H,sd- lurd IS III a nourishing condition. For all tvootw) l*|,[ rics there is a good demand. Merinos find a (f ,F i-ale at firmly supported prices ; there is aim „ demand tor Yarns. Ill the Rochdale Flannel nia ,| -rt tin re is in null animal ion ; a lirirlt demand is experienc. td lor pieces, and prices, although nut changed, been very steadily maintained. At BoIk i’. rvery branch uf industry is brisk ; counterpanes meet a ready sale whilst yarns are much inquired alter. Both the |ir;nt,.,j and bleachers in the locality of Bolton are very liiow In .Manchester tho market lias been uellultendcd and.i good amount of business transacted. Prices seem d posed to advance, especially nn 20’s water imst y lrn ’ 1JAVKB. Sept. 15—Cotton.—Notwithstanding ai 1 apprehensions as to a abort crop of Wheat are now dispelled, market quite dull, not moro than 800 bales having changed hands daily. There has beeu.houev. er, iio great desire in holders to ran tiff (heir stocks, and prices, although but feebly supported, cannot be said to have undergone any alteration, although it if not improbable, Unit in order to effect exlensivo sales a slight concession would have been unavoidable. Sates front tlie 7th tn 15th Sept.,2822 bales N.Orleans52f.Sn a 81f.; 1373 Mobile 65f. a 78(.; 1056 Upland 60150 ( principality, and iter moral influence is not stifli- l ^4f* Slock, -Bst Aug. t 1845, 94.400 78,000 Anitri- 1 1 ^ , n I J ■ rftn * I** 0 * vnttr lMM.nllll 11 If I IlflO Amnsissn cient to outweigh bermuu obstinacy and wrong Iteudediiess. Two of her agents have already last year 133,500—100,000 American. HAVRE, Sept. 16.—We have experienced a fair inst. sum up 16,500 bales, of which 4 a 5000 bales c„ speculation. Fur tho last few days, liowover, the mar. kel had been dull, with a decided downward lendcncv in the face of a stock now reduced to 62,500 bale*, of aD soils. We quote, to-day, bas 1.55; iresordin, 64,nr. din. 08; bon ordin. 72; petit cour, f.76, which e6tab. fishes a decline of f.l to 2. thrown up their missions, from the violent hostility dvD'®" 1 * lor Upland Cntton, and the sales since the Ut 1 fit. 7 mot on in tin lit .^f III l,eloe nf urliinl.il n f^Ulit L i winch their more enlightened views encuunteieu. The United Stales Ituve, 1 believe, sent over an : agent to negotiate, it possible, a treaty with the ^ Zullverien, which shall exempt their inunufuciures 1 from the meditated exclusion, but I doubt much { that ho will succeed. Thu negotiations for a treaty between this coun. I try and Brazil have been broken off, Prussia huv. ! ing declared thut site will not, and cannut, admit Bruziliun produce, unless Iter own manufactures I aro admitted on lnvorable terms iu the Brazilian | markets. | The new religion is pretty much in the same state as it was when I lust noticed it. In some places its apostles are received witli favor, in otli. tits they are petted and ducked. The police of Berlin have forbidden religious und political d is - cussions in the cafes; and Rouge uud Czerki, the two chiefs of the new faith (by llte bye, they have fallen out, und are now ubusing each oilier lustily,) Ituve been fur bidden to voyage ubout the kingdom. The Mein and the Danube Ituve been at length united by u canal. This great work wus designed by Chtii leniutige. and bas been finished by the King of Bavaria. The Pastor Ronge.—M. Ronge arrived at Dies. Inu on the 8tli inst.. on bis way to Brieg, to preach. He was arrested by tlie pulice, but ufter u short de tention was permitted to continue bis journey. ITALY. Rome. Sept. 4.—The Pope is, I am sorry to say, in u declining slute of hcullh. He is sadly plagued with a cancer iu the nose. Being upwards of eighty years of age, it is not likely that, witli his muludies, he wilt long be spured. He is a good- hearted, well meaning, pious man, and is personal, ly much beloved. Greul severities towards llio people Ituve been committed in bis nitnie, Inu bis advisers, and not himself, uro responsible fur them. RUSSIA. St. Petershurgh, Sept. 4.—The Empress of Rus. siu will make a lengthened stay in Italy fur the bett- efit of her health, which has long been in adecliu. ing stale. During Iter nbsenco the Emperor tvi'l visit different parts of the Empire. A new report from llte scene of operations iu Cuucusus lias been published, but it is so confused that it is difficult exactly to understand it. It of course represents the Russian urmy as having some successes; but the real truth is, thut though perhaps it lias really thrashed the mountaineer*, it lias gain, ed nothing at ull. These Iturdy men fight with des perate courage, and inflict tumble chastisement on the Russians to litem make abandon Durgo, which they gained at such severe cost, At they also in effect compelled them to withdraw front tt line they hud established beyond il. Thus, tbough tlie result of recent encounter* is iu favor ol tlie Russians, they ure itt retroui—certuiitly they cannot be said to be advancing. This may appear somewhat contra dictory, but there is no other way of describing the truth. Public opinion (if in n country where a man daren’t open his mouth on public nffitirs, public opinion cun be said to exist) tins decidedly declared against the expedition in Caucasus, and even the army itself is against it, for there is much suffer, ing to be endured, little or no honor to be gained. But the Entperor will on no necount give up Ids long.cherished object of crushing the Caucassiutts, cost tvhul il may. Orders Ituve been sent by our Government to England and the United States for the construction of a number of steam vessels. Hopes are, how- ever, eatertutned, that befote long Russia will bo perfectly independent of foreign countries for sup. plies of steam machinery. GRAND BATTLE IN CIRCASSIA. Intelligence, via Odessa, Ims been received ol a battle between the Circassian force* under Sciinmi! Bey, at,d llte Russian army (56,000 strong,) under Gen. Woronzofl', who attacked tlie town of Durgo, the bead quarlers of Schainil. After five days’ hard fighting the Circassians wero obliged to uban. don tlie fortress to llte enemy, liuving expended all their ammunition, not, however, without carrying oITtheir artillery and baggage into the mountains, rite loss on tho part of Russia is said lu amount ia killed alone to 8900, among whom uro three general* and forty oilier officers, and four aides, de-camp of the commander in-chief. Tlie latter finding his army so crippled, fur the number of wounded is enurinuus, was destroying the fortifi. cation* to retire to Tiflis, to re.organize his force. Durgo was defended by Sclmlim’s regular troops, consisting of u corps of Dngusiau Infantry, und the Russian und Polish deserters from the Empe ror’s service. THE MORMON WAR. Later Intelligence—Another M’jrder. [Correspondence oj the St, Louis Republican.] Warsaw, Sept. 18, 1845, In my letter of yrsterdny. 1 did not allude to the deutlt of one of tito Anti. Mormons, nunieil Sutnurl McBrntney, as llte fact was not ascertained Ulll ;| lute in the night. McBratney was with the party engaged in hurtling houses on Bear Creek.and |it-d witli the rest, but be and Mr. Lindsey, who tin wounded, were on worse horses than the others and in tlie rear of the company. When lie was brought to town, I went to see the body, and net. er saw a p"rson more mangled. The body »#, interred tint next morning without any shew ot pnrude ; but his death added much to the excite, me nt. The citizens of the township Imd resolved that tlie Mormons should not live in their township end they had sent n petition to the Governor requesting him to Imve ull removed. The Sheriff’ of Hancock County lias issued a third proclamation, in which after giving n history of the outrages that had been committed, he says: I have now a posse enmitntus numbering up. ward* of 2,090 well armed men, firm ami ready to aid me in suppressing the rial, and in airesting them. I um happy in informing the citizens Hat 2,000 additional armed men hold themselves iu readiness to be culled out when necessary, A Substitute for Coff e.—A letter fremu gentleman to lion. II. L. Ellsworth, Washington, I says tlie ripe seeds of the piant okra, much u.-edia soap, &c., hurtled and used as n coffee, cannot he distinguished from it, even the be»t Java. Tim 1 seeds ore sown an inch deep in drills, four leet apart in May. and cultivated like corn or peas. It yields uhnndantly, and is very healthy. Mr. K. has the seeds, cotton market. Livf.rfool. Sept. 6.—Cotton.—An extensive husi- ness dune the past week. Speculators have taken 26,. 5(H) American, 370 Egyptian,850 Macaio, and 250 Su rat, and exporters 1200 American. Sales of tIio week 04,250 bales. Liverpool, Sept. 12.—Previous prices for cotton are steadily maintained. Demand hardly exceeded mode ration during any part of this week, and has not been animated or lively. The week closes with niuuatioiia a* before, except for fair Mobile which ts |d. lower. 11,500 American, 500 Surat, and 2000 Egypiiati, taken on speculation; and 350 American, and 100 Surat, lor export. Sales, 32,980 bales. Slock 966,690—753,649 American; last year 929.080 — 040 American, Liverpool, Sept. 18. — Cotton Since Friday, sales large, market well supplied, and the trade purchase freely; it considerable business also done by specula tors, but prices remain unchanged and steadv. Sales from Friday last, up to this day inclusive, 42,000 bags, of which 15.500 on speculation. Liverpuul, Sept. 18.—There has been a steady bu. sines# doing in cotton cincu the departure of ttin last steamer, and though our market has nut manifested the same mentation as then characterized it, yet prices may generally be considered £d. per ib. higher. The sales tur the week ending 12th instant, wore 32,98l) bales, of which 11.000 bales were on speculation. The Ameri can descriptions sold were 5300 Uplands at 3jj a 5, 13,200 Orleans at 3) a 6, 5600 Alabama and Mobile ai 3J a 4}, and 80 Sea Island* at 11 a 15d. per Ib. The bales for the five days ending tins evening are estimated ai 30.000 bales, of winch 10,000 are on speculauun. Fair Orleans sre quoted at fij. fair Mobile at 4), and lair Uplands at 48d. per Ib, Tlie stock in this port ia placed nt 967,000 bules, against 952,009 at tlie same period Iasi year. The harvest has been sn far secured in the most pro. ductivo districts, that though the weather has again become wet and unsettled and tlie corn markets are nn llte rise again from reported damage and defective yield of wheal as well as uf the probah.e failure to some ex tent of the potato crop, yelil is still cuosidercd-that the deficiency cannot be such as to derange the currency and the money market in any considerable decree if •t *11. MR. BUCHANAN AND THE CABINET. If we were allowed to make a guess, sny* the Rich. muud Wing, it would be that Mr. Bulk and Ins Cabi net, imt forgetting Ins “nrgan,” are hear.ily su it of Mr, Buchanan They don’t li^e ins Old .Vfiudisli B.icik,# ing Ini hits, nr ins Old Federalism rived in iiiuilcrn Item, orracy, or, least of all, Ins unquestionable logirsl, anil ' educated superiority. They date not, however, turn hint out. The Baltimore Fa I riot says : A loiter from Washington says : ‘-There’is no mote and no less foundation now than there was in July (nr the runn^of Mr. Buclianan’e intended resignilin. Some Who arc in the Cabinet would, no doulil. »i»li him to resign, hut lie seems to he bent upon holding his position. It is sonte-what singular that Mr.Polt should #o long delay to fill Justice Baldwin'# p.'ace, when lie was so prompt to fill Justice Story's. The I place seems lu he kept often for Mr. Buchanan to retire incase lie should, at any tune, see-fit to accepi it." “The reason that Mr. Polk does not fill Justice BtM- I will’s vacancy, wesuppuse, is to be found in tlie fad, that the vacancy dal not “happen daring Hie receti e! the Senate,” and that, therefore, Mr. Polk has no au thority to fill it now. Tlie force of opinion decidedly it that Mr. Buchanan will have the place, ttben the time arrives lu fill it.” Concerning the patmenl of interest on Pennry' • nin bonds, ihu Money articlo uf the London Tuu## ! t Sept. 19, com ainu the loliowing paragraph : The creditors of Pennsylvania who iu o .1 **aliiW with the terms at which their rale s ol n.u rest tt# # to bo converted into the five per cent flock, are a.'»o « displeased at finding that stock subject to an iticontc lax, which reduces the interest to4jj. The circular#! Messrs. Cninnian, Whiteliruse & Co. of New Yotk, calls this proceeding a “partial repudiation." Ottilia other hand, some endeavor to justify it by reference to our own income tax, which is burne by the foreign bolder of our stocks. This defence is ttoriby ol con sideration, ns tlie principle is tlie same iii bulb ca o, but practically there is a great diffcicnre boiivcen the foreign creditors of England and those of Potintyiiaiiit. The latter is chiefly indebted to foreign money for hit improvements, and her English creditors form a a# 1 * 1 important body. The English stocks are i h dly held by the English themselves, and the foreign lu,fieri art a comparatively small number, who, without solicits- | lion, have purchased our securities. Add tolliMcron- siderationi the fact that Pennsylvania suspended |»y* meat altogether fur some tune, and that, under thru | circumstances, a reduction of interest immediately u,- on resumption comes with a very bail grace, Man owes Woman a vast moral debt w hich ha# beer accumulating bolh iu principal and interest s'rtcejjthe foundation of llio world, and unless he soon Legineto liquidate it iii some shape, Iio will become bankrupt in the eyu uf heaven. Think of it, ponder oil it, J llU “lords of creation,” and make an early settlement. Signs if Peace..--One hundred ami ten sermons wet# lately preached in London, the same Sabbath, oltth# subject of peace. Let tlie example be generally f#t' lotted by minister* of the Prince id Peace, of everydc* non)matioi>,and wars will have an end. Essence of Coffee.--Mr. E. L. Szadeczky ha# com menced among us llte manufacture ul tins article,which lie says is already in extensive use in Europe «R ,on ! llte higher classes, A quari buti le of this essence c'*'’ hut six shillings, and will make from one to two hun dred clips of excellent coffee, according to tliosia# 11 llio cups and the taste of the drinks.—A. Y. Javrnel of Commerce. In 1815, after Napoleon’s return a violent royal' 11 exclaimed to his confessor, who happpened iodine tv* 1 # hurt at Ghent—."What !” exclaimed tic. “Henry HI- and IV. were assassinated and nobody can he ^ ,un( ! ^ rut us of Ihu usurper Bonaparte !" The prn-*i letch# ii deep sigh: “Ah, my dear air,” said lie, “there t« ## I onger any relig on in the world ns tit those <1*J• * Napoleon is said lu hive beet) much amused w ill) to*' am dute, A Curious Error.—A Western paper with S ,p,t grav ty staled that a rat descending the Ohio, wntP tuiiately struck against llio sleaniboat Huricins, *' lotctd it on the bank, .'nun whence it was got ‘A “ 11 great difficulty, The reader* ol the above knew not what lu make ol it, llmv a rat rnui‘1 |R** duce such s singular effect upon a atesmboai, pu 11 ' 0 them not a little. But llte next number solved th# >#' ■giiia, by tucking ao/ into the word rat, Ihu* ptudu#' mg a raft. Tbs product of the Russian Mines last J* 11 * e j* 9.000 lb* ot fine gold, valued at 600.000,000 lr»nc».« about 8liO.OUO.OUO; also, 2,000 pound* of pi"""' f * ued at 2ff,000.000 francos, or tboul 96000,000. 1 third* of llte mines belong to the Government.