Newspaper Page Text
SVN**,
... ;Y,t
.MpWT’'
i humble p*
BoutH Cur.
mm .Hamilton and Jo men
SSL. i« Indebted to him, in
£8,000 sterling, fur which he
ione of Ihe^Sifile, gientod lo him
SSlw'jTWf and oi
; and of which payment
ed Wty
pea re, that in the year lTWi an net waa parted, re.
quiring audited certificate* lo be renewed in two
year* from that lime, or lo be donaidered null anil
void, and tlim the live certificate* now presented
fur payment noror were renewed; (ruin which it
ie clenr, that after the year 1801, no pertnn wa«
t authorized, on the part of the 8tule, to pay tltoie
'**MMfrom UmoZT *KIat* upon'tho Mortificote., or to receive them in payment of con-
at ion of hia petition heretofore preaentod, ' fiaonted property,
the matter wae referred lwaCo.nmi.alon con.i.t. t,Jr r Committee further find, that from the year
in. of DavidC. Campbell, William Law and Jo. 10 18 ° 8 ' ft rovi ''“" wa. made for the re-
eeph Henry Lumpkin. Esquires, who have recent. ‘ du "'l'*»»> ol “ ud,led «rhficate., except by the sale.
MeWaed their labor, by nReport, recognising the • ° f ooi.B-cated property, in which they were
Validity of hie claim, and recommending the pay- 1 "»«««•• Bnd , '. hatco “ ,d " ol t ha , v ® b f en *°
memo!.he principal. To that report your pcti. ceived without being delivered up. In the absence
... • .. r . . • - - - 1 1 of positive proof, payment is often presumed from
lapse of time. But in this cause, it cannot be pre
sumed : because there was no latv to authorize
refer*, Cud aubmiu to the Legislature,
6r upon the case therein staled, the admission
of the debt doe* nut necessarily draw after it the
«(ligation of paying the interest, nt lenst since the
{yen 1908, as well ns the principal. And he pruys
that yon would be pleated to take his case into
consideration, and tnuke such provision for satis-
fylag lbe debt, or fur the further investigation of
‘the claim by a judicial tribunal, or otherwise, us to
your enlightened sense of justice mav scorn mud.
Aud your petitioner will ever pray, &c;
PETER TREZEVANT, )
JAMES HAMILTON, ^PerAti’ys.
J. L. PE I'lURU. )
Millcdgeville, 17th Nov. 1841.
jMillcoobvillb, Ga., Dec. 13th, 1841.
I do certify that the foregoing is the petition of
Parse Tbbssvant, referred to in a resolution of
the two Houses of the Legislature rotative to print,
mg. , D. J. BAILEY.
4 Secretary of the Senate.
[B-]
riiEz
PETER TREZEVANT.
The Joint Committee of the Senate and Mouse
of Representatives, to whom was referred the pe
tition rf Peter Trezovent, begs leave to report:
That the Legislature of Georgia, by a Joint
Resolution of both Houses, on the 6ili December,
1704. directed the Auditor of the State to issue
certificate* to Peter Trezevant for £7,586 10s. Id.
—and that Abram Junes, Esq., then Auditor of the
•State, on the Oth day of the same month, gave the
petitioner eight ceitificutes, amounting in (ho
whole lo that sum—that three of these certificates
having been sold by the petitioner, are supposed to
be paid, and do notentor into this question. That
the peliliuner’s claim is for the other five certifi
cates, amounting to £5,000. That lie has produc
ed the originals, {payable to himself, which uro
proved lo ,1)6 genuine, with his affidavits, that tho
same have never been paid, and that the whole
amount is justly due and owing to him. Two ques
tions have nttrncted the attention of tho Commit
tee : 1st. Whether the debt of which these cer
tificate* are the evidence, is justly due and owing
to the petitioner 7 2d. Whether the Slate is bound
to make a provision for the payment of the claim 7
On the first head, your Committee liavo ascertain
ed to their enliro satisfaction, that the claim fur
which these certificates were granted, was a just
and meritorious debt; and this will be rendered
incontestible by the following statement, founded
upon authentic documents:
The Governor and Executive Council ol Geor.
gia, on tho 31st October, 1777, authorised Stone
dc Davis, as Commissioners of the State, to pur
chase from Robert Parquhar, a quantity of goods,
brought into the Stale by him, for which payment
should be made at any time before the 1st of De
cember following, in Continental money, at 32s.
6d."|io the dollar ; or afterwarda in indigo at the
Carolina prices. Tho goods were delivered by
Farquhar, and employed in the public service, hut
no payment was made. Farquhar died in 1784,
and by his will, gave his estate to his daughter Eliz
abeth XV. Farquhar, and appointed Alexander
Chisolm, his Executor. Peter Trezevant mnrried
Elizabeth W. Farquhar, in 1780, and in tho same
year applied lo tho Legislature for payment. The
Journals of the Legislature show that it was at that
time proved, that Farquhar delivered the goods lo
Stone & Davis, and was never paid ; hut the claim
wai rejected on the ground, that Slone & Davis re
ceived funds for the purpose of paying; and that
the petitioner should resort to Thomas Stone and
the representatives of Edward Davis for redress,
lu this decision, your Committee nro of opinion
that few persons would now concur—for it is evi.
dent from the Executive Journal, that Stone & Da
vis were the agents of the State, and were directed
to contract with Farquhar in that character—from
which it is clear that they wore not personally lia
ble on the contract, and that if they misapplied the
funds in their hands as agents, they were liable lo
the Slate and not to Farquhar; and this, indeed,
seems tu have been the sense of ilia Legislature,
for by the same resolution which rejected the claim,
they directed tite Attorney General to proceed
against Slone & Davis lo make them account for
the fund in their hands. After the claim had been
thus rejected the petitioner sued the State in the
Supreme Court, and the case of Chisolm vs. Geor
gia, aa it stands on the books, is rendered memo
ruble by the judgment of the Supreme Court on the
euability of the States, which gave rise to the 11th
amendment of tho Constitution nf the United Stntes.
It wae after an’interlocutory judgment against the
State, and before the amendment of the Constitu.
tion hod been ratified by a sufficient number of
Slates, that the petitioner renewed his application
to the Legislature in December, 1703. The re
tail of that application was an abandonment of the
ground taken in 1780, and the adoption of tho fol
lowing resolution:
“Resolved, That it is tho duty of the Stale, in
juslico and good faith to settle anJ finally adjust
all claims brought ngninit the Government thereof
in auch manner os may be most beneficial to the
same : and whereas, thore hath been a suit com.
menced by Alexander Chisolm, Executor of Rob
ert Farquhar, against this State, in the Supreme
Court of the United State*—Therefore he it re solo
ed, That the honor and interest of tins Government,
is bound for the payment of all just debts that have
been contracted for the defence of this Slate dur
ing the (ate Revolution. And if the said claim of
the Executor of Farquhar, should come under this
description, it is the duty of the Legislature to set.
tie the same in the manner most accommodating
to both parties ; and that the necessary vouchers
beipg produced lo substantiate such claims, the
General Assembly will provide for the payment
thereof.''
It will be seen by these proceedings, that tho
Legislature, in the mo.,l solemn manner, pledged
the faith of >he State to investigate the petitioner's
claim and to provide for the redemption of tho debt,
in cesn it should be established to their satisfac-
tion. And tho Journals of tho Legislature show,
that in Qrcomber, 1704, the Legislature did inves
tigate end found the claim just, and directod the
Auditor in grnnt certificates for tlie prcciso sum
which had been proved nnd established to their
satisfaction. Your Committee, therefore, nre war
ranted, by the notoriety which this case had attract
ed, and by tho scrutiny which it had undergone in
repealed discussions, to conclude, that the deci.
•ion of the Legislature in 1704, upon the validity
of tide debt, is evidence nfits justice, aa high and
authentic as a solemn judgment on rc-cord. It
follows, therefore, that unless the debt has been
paid or satisfied since tho year 1704. the amount
ia now jually due end owing to the petitioner.
|t i« admitted by the petitioner, that lie bus dis*
C ased of soma of tho certificates; end it appears
y tire records which your Committee have exam-
' •ed.llial tw«, at least, of thoeo certificates hare
'enewed to the holders, and are no doubt
such payment; and neither the reason nor tho
lellor of the stalulo of limitations would apply,' be
cause on the face of tho certificates, they are not
payable till the Legislature shall make provision
for them. In these circumstances, the production
of the certificates themselves, uncancollod and
without, any discharge, is most satisfactory ev
idence that the sum of £5,000, acknowledged to
bo due in 1704, is justly due und owing to the peli
tiuner.
if the Committee have succeeded in showing
that the debt is due, tho next enquiry, viz : wlielli
er the Stale should provide for tite payment of it.
would seem to admit of very little doubt. The
only objection to do so, proceeds from the act of
1709, doclnriug nil certificates null und void, unless
renewed within two years. But as it would be
contrary to justice to vacalo or annul
bona file contract, by imposing on the creditor
a new conditijit without his consent, it is a-
gainst the uniform practice of the Slate, to refuse
the payment of a just debt, on this ground. And
such a proceeding would be eminently unjust in
this instance; the petitioner’s ettse is distinguished
from tho greater mass of audited certificates, by
having been adjusted and allowed by the Legisla
ture itself, and not by the Auditor. The allega
tion in the preamble of the law, that many certifi
cates hnve been issued in a vague and uncertain
manner, could not apply here, and tho petitioner’s
case is clearly not within (he reason of the act.
Tho result ofttlieir investigations having there
fore satisfied your Committee, that the claim of
the petitioner is founded upon a just and meritori
ous debt, and that it has never been paid or satisfi
etl, it only remains to enquire what provisions the
Legislature should now mnlco for tho settlement of
it. And your Committee are clearly of opinion,
that n -thing less than the payment of tho principal
and interest will satisfy the requirements ol justice,
or comport with the honor of the Stale. Nor is
it supposed that thero could ho any difference of
opinion on the subject, but fur the precedent creel'
ed by tho acts of 1808 nnd 1811.
By those ucts, tho Executive is authorized to is
sue warrants for the payment ofaudited certificates,
when presented tu him, at one-eighth of their nom
inal value. But the petitioner’s caso is not within
these acts ; and nothing whatever can be dono for
the petitioner without Legislative action. The
real issue therefore is, whether the Legislature, in
undertaking to act on the subject, will bo govern,
ed by precedent, or by a regard for the public faith
and honor, solemnly pledged to the petitioner.
It is evident, that the violation of justice is as
gross in refusing to pay the whole of a just debt,
as in refusing to pay any part of it; and as the pe
titioner has relied upon the pledge which he re
ceived from tho State, until it is in her power to re
deem the pledge without any embarrassment to her
finances. It is evident that his right in conscience
to a full satisfaction, is perfect nnd complete. Nor
can any number of precedents overrule file immu-
table principles of justice, or sanction the repeti
tion of wrong. Neither should the character ol
this debt be overlooked, in tho consideration of the
subject. It was in the day of need and sore dis
tress, that the Stato contracted with Robert Fur-
quhur. By the reasonable aid obtained from him
her men were clothed and her soldiers armed for
tho battle of Freedom ; and tho debt which is ow
ing to his representatives, is a part of the price of
Liberty and Independence, if any inducements
were wanting to an act of justice, they would sure
ly he found In the intimate relation between the
obligation of payment nnd the associations with
which it is connected. Your Committee therefore
recommend, that provision be made for paying or
securing to the petitioner the sum of £5,000, with
interest from the 9th December, 1794--and beg
leave to report a bill for that purpose.
A. BABER.
Chairman on the purl of the Senate.
J. M. KELLY.
Chairman on the part of the House.
APPENDIX.
[A.]
House of Representatives.
Whereas, sevoral claims upon the State of
Georgia, have been presented lo the present scs.
sion of tho Legislature, which claims hnve been
dormant far many years ; and whereas the policy
of the State a9 declared by the acts of the past
legislatures, (which uro nearly contemporaneous
with their creation,) lias prevented the authorities
thereof from discharging and paying the sumo.
And inasmuch as it is impossible that the Legisla
ture can, through any of its Committees, investi
gate the snmo during its session - And public jus
lico never requiring the refusal of a just debt, nor
the payment of one of such untiquulcd existence,
without a due investigation of the same. Tu the
end that justice may be dono to the claimants and
to the Slate
Be it resolved, by the Senate and House of Rep
resentatives in General Assembly met, That his
Excellency the Governor appoint three fit and pro
per persons, to investigate fully, the claims of Pe
ter Trezevant, R. M. D. J. Elliott, and Milledgo
Gutpin, in behalf of himself and others, and that
said persons report to the next Sossion of tho Leg
islaturc, the entire facts connected with the same,
tho liability of tho State to pay them or uny part
of them, and whether interest is ullowahle on the
same, together with such facts, if any exist, shew
ing the discharge of the Stale from such liability ;
and all other facts connected with each of said
claims, ns shall bo usoful in determining their va
lidity, and that the Clerk of this House, deliver to
such persons, the papers relating to said clairrtB,
when they shall bo required, which pnpers shall be
returned with their report to this House, nnd that
the Commissioners bo instructed to enquire parti
cularly if uny demand was made lor the payment
of the amount due Farquhar, between the yeurs
1777, and 1780, and at what time Stone & Davis
became insolvent, and whether Farquhar or his re
presentatives, hud any notico that tite State had
placed funds in the hands uf Stone & Duvis, to
settle tho debt on which said certificates were foun
ded.
In House of Representatives,agreed to 24th Dec.
1 QQG
JOSEPH DAY,
Speaker of the House of Representatives.
Attest—John H. Dvson, Clerk.
In Sanale, concurred in 24th Doc. 1838.
CHARLES DOUGHERTY,
President of the Senate-.
Attest—Robert W. Carnes,Sec'y pro. tern.
Approved, 25th Dec. 1833.
GEORGE R. GILMER.
Governor.
[To be continued.]
*tlbrt’ontKoj>tirfoir^M.pren.liGlMtM'4UtUetiM!
party, to eAtot suqimfjufttuntoM In our (awe, l hr
V 0#gl Ltgislutur*, e* past •xpeHenqe
and sound reason ahull pmvo aecastary, or moat
conducive tu the present nnd f&ture happineii,
prosperity und well being of our.fellow-citizens.
Reformation will be eusily accomplished in this
way which would be otherwise retarded for years. 1
Although we differ in political principle*, muy wn
not magnanimously unilu for the dissemination ol
uncontroverted truth, and the correction of ac
knowledged errors 1 May we not also calmly and
dispassionately discuss those matters of Statu pol
icy upon which we may differ, with the sole view
uf arriving lit truth, without reference to their
party bouring 7 We think so, and therefore make
the suggestion.
The necessity which exists for the following
changes in our present laws must be apparent lo
those who hnve investigated and considered tho
subject.
1st. We want a Judicial head, or Supromo Court
for the Correction of Errhrs, which will inuke the
administration uf our laws uiiform throughout the
Statu.
2d. We want every settled known Inw of our
Stale nrrunged and published in u code, so that it
may bo reud und understood, not only by lawyers,
but by the whole people for whom they uro made
—leaving Common Law lo operate in such cases
as are not provided by the code. We want this in
place of the hetrogeneous mass contained in our
own statutes, English statutes in force in Georgia,
settled principles of Common Law, and decisions
of Courts which operate as laws, which are as un
attainable by the people as though they had never
been published.
3d. Wo wont an efficient system of Common
School Education, in place of the present ineffi
cient system—one which shall supercede the ne
cessity of all oilier common schools by offering u
free education lo every child in tho State.
These, it seems to us, are of the first importance,
though thero are many statute luws which in our
opinion, juslico and the best interests of the State
requires to be changed, of which wo shall speak
hereafter.—Alb. (Ga.) Cour.
[CORRESPONDENCE OF THE CHARLESTON COURIER.]
Washington, Oct. 12.
There is a pithy pregnant paragraph in the Un.
ion ol last night, which fully confirms my impres
sions in regard to the character of the message at
the opening of the coming Congress, It was whis
pered to mu, by one who knew, some weeks ago,
that the ('resident would in his messago, roiterate
his declaration that our title to Oregon is “clear
and unquestionable,” and that he would intimate
his determination to persist in maintaining the
right of tlie United Slates to tho whole country,
even up to latitude fifty-four.
Tho Union now hints that the friends of that
policy will not ho disappointed in the course of tho
President, as less than sixty days will show. Thu
message, of course, will show the whole thing
Mr. Edward Everett has hinted that our rela
tions with England aro so delicate that he can't al
lude to them without cmnpromiting himself, and
some of the journals, particularly the New York
Courier, remark that Mr. Everett’s intimation lias
greatly increased their solicitude in regard to
lhc90 relations. Tho sudden and remarkable
measures, which England lias resorted to for the
vast increase uf her steam navy, liavo excited the
attention and solicitude of Americans abroad.
It would seem that Sir Robert Peel intends to ho
in reudiness to buck his famous declaration that
England has rights in this Oregon question, and
will maintain them.
We are, at ho same time warned, as we liavo
been before, that England has designs upon Cali
fornia, a country of vast value lo Iter, antt upon
which she has a mortgage of mnny millions in fa
vor ol her subjects, and which sho will never tame,
ly relinquish. The hostility of the British jiross,
and the surly acquiescence of England in our an
nexation of Texas, which mortified surprised, mid
dishppointed litem, nifurd additional indications of
an upproaching rupture.
But, still tlie policy of Groat Britain is pcS ce.
All her ln-ge interests uru opposed to war it) ainy
event, Tno iundltoiders tliecoininerciulandni.au.
uiacluring interests are all zealous advocates of
perpetual peace. But tlie financial interest is now
a powerful one, and tliut is clamorous for war.
Among the common people, also, tho war would he
popular, for wo are told by the best observers that
the well informed classes in England are more
friendly to us titan tlie lower masses. Many think,
and some letter writers have asserted, that nothing
can provoke England to another war, that she wilt
witness our aggrandizement—our annexation ol’
Texas, California, Oregon, Cunudu, &c., with si
lent and inactive chagrin. Englund is more pow
erful for war than she ever was in any period of her
history, and it is not impossible that circumstances
may occur which will bring her into tho field.
The Oregon hill, which passed the House at tho
last session and failed in the Senate, would have
brought the question lo a crisis. That bill not on
ly extended our jurisdiction over Oregon, but as
sorted our exclusive jurisdiction, accompanied by
military occupation, l’hat bill was paramount to
a declaration of war! If Great Britain could stand
that and koep quiet the probability is that sho would
suffer us lo take Canada and Cuba. But that iden
tical £<7l, I assure you, will pass Congress at llto
coming session, and early in the session. The
moment it passes we had bettor commence a pre
paration for dole nsive war.
JUMtl.i*
iMzn „
The Senate at present comprise* 24 whins and
26 democrats, not including Senator Woodbury,
of New Hampsltiie—who will no doubt resign, if lie
lias not done vo already, having boon appointed tit
n seat on the bench of the Supreme Court of the
United Slate*. The vucency will, however -be
filled with a democrat, ns will alto tho vacancies
in Virginia, Indiana, Missiasippi, and Ten.
nessee ; both branches of the legislature in each of
those States being democratic. The full Senate
will, therefore, comprise 24 whig* and 30 demo
crat*. Democratic majority 0.
HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES.
Tlie States
are arranged in tite order in
which
the elections were held.
29lh Congress.
Old Cong.
W. Native.
D.
W
D.
Louisiunuf
1
2
3
Illinois,
1
0
1
6
Missouri, '
0
5
5
Vermont,
3
1
3
1
Maine,
1
6
2
5
Georgia]
4
4
8
Penn..
10 2
12
12
12
Ohio,
8
12
0
12
South Cn rolina.O
7
7
Arkansas,
0
1
1
Now York,
New Jersey,
9 4
21
' 10
24
4
1
1
5
iMichignn,
0
3
8
3
Muss.,f
0
0
1
Delaware,
1
0
1
0
Rhode Island, 2
0
1
1
N. Hamp’rcf
0
3
3
Virginia,
1
14
3
12
Connecticut,
4
4
Indiana,
2
8
2
8
Kentucky,
7
3
5
5
Tennessee,
5
6
5
6
N. Carolina,
3
0
4
5
Alabama,
1
0
X
6
Maryland,
2
4
0
0
78 6
132
74
142
The,
0 th
l.fot*- A ranees, «r-
-indebted-to; Captain
Amend,, for Galveston
on of tbs 30ih ull., nad
ult. We also received
tone vnesney.
(Elected this year, for the first time, by single districts.
Showing a whig gain of lour members, and a tie.
innerntte loss of ten, compared with the old Con
gress, when elected. Sundry changes were subse
quently made, mostly in favor of the wltigs.
There remain to be elected 8 members, viz.,
four from Mississppi, one from Florida, and one
(to fill vacancies) from euclt of the Stales of Lou.
isinnn, New Hampshire, and Massachusetts.—
There is no doubt of the election of 4 democrats in
Mississippi, (as the choice is by general ticket,) 1
in Luui-inna, and 1 in Floridn. If the vacancies in
in New Hampshire nnd Massachusetts are filled
ufull, they will be filled with democrats. Leaving
these two places out of the account, the House will
bo divided politically as follows :
Democrats,
138
Whigs,
78
Natives,
6
222
1 vacancies perhaps,
2
Total,
224
Democratic majority over wltigs. 60 ; do. ovor
wltigs and natives, 54. On joint ballot, over, the
wltigs, 66 ; over all opposition, 50.
Of llto members of the last House who voted
against Gen. M’Kuy’s bill to reduce llto tarilTof
1842, forty-five arc re elected; and of those who
voted for it, 57. Majority for reduction re-ulected,
12.
Southern Quarterlv Review.—We are re
quested by the Editor of the Southern Quarterly
Review, to stato that llto number of that periodical
now due, is rapidly passing through the press, ami
will be ready for distribution among the subscribers
the first week of the ensuing month. The delay
in the issue of tho number has been chiefly owing
to the Editor’s absence from the city, while engag
ed in extending the circulation of the work. Wo
aro happy to leurn that tlie Review rests now, as it
is believed, on a permanent basis, having a very
handsome patronuge and a large list of able con
tributors. From tlie character of the writer* en
gaged on the forthcoming number, aud the subjects
discussed, (of which wo have received an intima
tion,) it may be expected to be both a rich and bril
liant one.—Clias. Mer.
A Valuable Discovert.—A New York paper
notices the discovery in that city, by some individ
ual, of the urt of preparing a fluid composition or
wash, upon well established chemical principles,
which will effectually protect all wood substance*
against taking fire—so that such substance, if
coatod with this wash, although surrounded by
flames, would not incur tho least danger of igniting
by contact. To owners of shingled houses, anti
other similar buildings, in large cities, where fires
tire frequent, this discovory offers n sure protection.
This wash may also be used for coaling tho scene,
ry of theatres, and ns it can bo made of any color,
and in no instanco requires to bo used oftener
than once a year.it may be considered a desidera
tum long wanted.
Willis writos that the collection of tales by Mr;
E. A. Poe, recently republished in England, is en
tirely nogiccted for the present, in conioquence of
the use of a single Americanism. The following
is hit explanation of the circumslnncot.
The word bug, which with us, muy mean ait
honorable insect, as well at an unclean one, ia hard,
ly nameable in England -o ear* polite. Tlie first
story opened to, in Mr. Poe's book, it “tho Golden
Bug,” and the publisher infotms me that hit Eng.
lith brethren of the craft turn their backs upon it
for this disqualification only. The work la too full
uf genius to be kept finally from English admira
tion, but a word on the first page, which makes
pubILhar* abut the book without looking farther,
will retard it* departure from the shelf.
LOUISIANA.
We published the other day (says the Charleston
Mercury) u strange and admirable article from the
New Orleans Jeffersonian Republican in favor ofa
strictly revenue tariff. As wo expected, tho Re
publican does not represent the whole of the mis
cellauenus party that calls itself tlie Democracy, in
that region. The Courier, which is the favorite at
Washington, holds another language. In a review
of the same subject, that pupor says .-
“Every thing being duly considered wo would
prefer a TnritF which, like that of 1842, can at
least provide for tho exigencies of the public set-
vice and tlie security of our national defence, to a
law which would be characterized by one of tite
evils we have already pointed out. There is be
sides, no need of baste : the present act operates
with sufficient regularity for Lousiania particular
ly, whoso Sugar industy is recovering by degrees
from the long depression which it lias had to sus
tain. Why not wait some lime longer, and em
ploy tlie interval of two or throe Congressional ses
sions in forming a good system of legislation.”
Influence of the Moon on Trees.—An intelii-
gent gentleman engaged for nearly thirty years in
cutting timber in Demarara, and who has made
extensive observations upon treos, says that the
moon's influence on trees is very great ; so obser
vable is this, that if a tree he cut down at full moon
it will immediately split, a* if lorn assunder by
great external force. Trees nre also attacked
much sooner by tho rot than if allowed to remain
to another period of the moons age. Those in
tended, therefore, to be applied to durable purpo
ses are cut only during '.lie first and last quarters
of the moonjfor the sup rises to tlie top of the trees at
full moon, nnd falls in proportion lo the moon’s do
crease.
j An Enormous Wart.—Capt. Warner has left
nt the office of tho U. S. Gazette a wart, taken
I from the nose of a whale, a kind of excrescence to
1 which thnt king of the "deep sea” is subject. It is
fuut feet long, nnd weighs ono hundred pounds,—
| The Gazette says .—'-We understand that this
■ the second ever found by the whalers. What
lion the old whulc must liavo been among the pisca
tory mol>. with such a wart upon his nose ! He
must have been tho Cicero of tho school, ami have
tickled the general eur with his spouting. Noth
iog, we venture lo say, ever came up to this only
orator in ancient Romo, whatever muy have been
supplied by Greece.”
An Interesting Relic.—Dr. F., of this city
owns a watch bequeathed by Dr. Franklin, nt his
death, tu his only surviving duugliier, Surnli Buche
alto gave it to her second daughter, Elizabeth
Harwood, from whom it passed to Richard C. Pol
ter, and through llto bunds of his daughter, a rest
dontof Mobile, lo llr. F. Thore is conclusive ev
idcnco to establish the identity of tlie watch in the
possession of Dr. F. ns the ono givon by Dr.
Franklin lo bis daughter, Sarah. Sufficient re
mains of tho flower originally wrought upon the
cosing in blue enamel, to give an idea of its antique
style and beautiful workmunaliip. Every thin
interesting that comes as a relic frum Dr. Franklin
who has pussed into tlta history of his country, ns
n pure aud enlightened patriot, und into the history
ofscionce, as a profound philosopher,
i Mobile Reg-iter.
On Dit.—That ut one of our fashionable tv
toring places lately, n party of gentlemen who pro
Ibtiged their ten pin game beyond the endurance of
their 'better halves,’ and at a late hour ut night
subsequently found their doors locked, and had to
■make it out’ for the night by sleeping on the alley
Tilt* was‘setting ’em up' right. ‘All down.’
Columbian Reg.
vashingtou uf the
oaf regular file* by mail.
Tite Houston Morning Star Suva that, among
thd item* of news recently received from Mexico,
f* one that thn Mexican Government has sent seven
emissaries to Texa*, to excite an insurrection
among tho «l«ro», and to induce them to act In con
cert with the Mexican troop*, if unr should be de
clared by Mexico against tile United Slules. In
one of the letters received from Mexico, it is men.
tinned that one of these emissaries had returned,
and reported that he hnd bm/h successful. To
wltat extent he had succeeded does nut uppeur from
the Mexican journals.
Tho fStureuys it is not probabla any candidate
will be nominated for Governor in opposition to
Gen. J. Pinckney Henderson.
Gen. Thomns J. Rusk and Gen. Mirabeau B.
Lainur are candidates for tho U. S. Senate.
Hon. M. T. Johnson, not Mr. Van Zandt, as
before reported, has been elected to the Senate
from the district of Shelby, Harrison und Sa
bine.
A public dinner has been given nt Galveston lo
the Hon. G, W. Terrell, late Texas Minister to
France and England. He concluded a speech
on the occasion by saying that, -although annexa.
tion was now certain, and it became the duly of
every good citizen to acquiesce in and sustain the
country in the destiny which its citizens have cho
sen for It—yot he believed the benefits and advanta
ges expected from it had been over estimated,and
and his own solemn convictions against the desira
bleness of the measures woro unchanged, and
that he believed the day was not distant when Tex
as would regret the political fate she has chosen
for herself.”
The burning of the Treasury Office, at Austin,
is confirmed. It is supposed to have boett the
work of an incendiary.
Letters from Bexar, state tliut the inhabitants
are groatly annoyed with thieving parlies in the
vneinity. Many cattle nnd horses have been late
ly stolen, whether by Mexicans or Indians, is not
certainly known suspicion attaches to the for
me r.
Crops in Texas.—The Brazos Plantor snys .-
“The weather is again fine for Cotton picking, and
tho Cotton in some parts of the country is better
than for years past. The yield of corn and pota
toes is abundant, and those persons in the United
States whoso prospects have been blighted by
drought, would do well to emigrate to Texas. We
have fut cuttle, rich lands, and a plenty to eat and
drink—if milk and water would bo taken us a sub.
stitule for exciting liquids. In fact, we have all
the elements oi a great State—except population.
We want men, and of the industrial classes, whoso
labors will devclope tho resources of our country
and cause it to blossom like a garden.”
[PROM T.IE NEW.ORLEANS TROPIC, 9tII INST.]
LATE FROM MEXICO.
By the arrival of the Spanish brig San Joaquin,
Capt. Beytia, which arrived hero yesterday, we
have dates from Mexico to the 20lh ult., and from
Vera Cruz to the 25th ult.
On tlie 30th of August, el Senor Bovcs, in the
House ot Representatives, moved that the govern,
menl ought to slate or make public what hud occur
red at San Louis, which wus not admitted. Our
readers are already acquainted with the revolution
ary movement which lutely broke out ut San Louis
Potosi, and which proved the unsluble and insecure
stnto of the Mexican administration.
Don Francisco Pretoy Neto consul-general of
Spain, and been succeeded hy Don Ramon Lozan-
oy Armenia. Don Cesadeo Lutallada has been up.
pointed Vice Consul for the port of Nonlor-
ey.
Mariano Parodes Arrillaga, Genera! in Cltiof of
the army of reserve nt Sun Louis Potosi, had re.
quested romiltunces and clothing for his troops
and had published a bulletin to the army, in which
he stntes that "it rapacious and enterprising raco
Imd set foot upon their territory, and called them
to arms lo snatch it from their grasp !” This Gen-
cral Paredes is suspected of not acting as lie ought
to do. Several Mexican pnpers denounce him us
being in open opposition to tlie government. The
Monitor Constitutional says that lie has unfurled the
flag of rebellion, and that the government was silent
on the subject. This paper says, in reference lo
this subject: "Treason has been so common of late,
so entirely forgoltonare true military virtues, that
alter having seen tltoso troops, for whom the nation
has alwayssocrificed herself, refusing lo assi-t her in
moments of active necessity, we have no doubt that
tlie conduct of General Paredes is actually a per
fidious noose, which his cunning holds in readiness
for the confidence of the government and of llto na.
lion. Experience has naturally produced distrust;
we have seen so many promises, so many protes
tations ofloynlty.mude with such apparent and flim
sy, patriotism, and which hnvo always ended in
smoke, that we have become sceptics in litis mat.
ter.” Tho same papor suggests that General Par-
edos should he deprived of the command of the ar
my at Sun Luis Potosi, for “the nation was already
tired of being the plaything of faithless generals.”
Some of tho Mexican papers vindicate Gen. Pare
des, and throw tho blame on Genoral Filisola.—
The French Minister, the Baron de Chyprey, it
wns stated, itad received his passports. He still
demanded that the insult offered to him, should be
summarily punished, hut without success.
Tlie formation of a Nutionni Guard as a militia,
was progressing but slowly ; for instance, in tho
city of Puebla, there was only one citizen who en
rolled his name. The Junta of Vera Cruz hnd
given 84,000 towards the construction of llto road
between Orizuhuand Jalupa.
Thu Indians had givon fresh troubles to the Mex
icans, particularly at Chihuahua, Monterey and
Saltillo.
The cunductu from llto city of Mexico on the
2d ult., conveyed the following amounts in specie :
lu silver in bars. 81,013 12
In dollars for Vera Cruz, 882,551 81
“ •' Puebla, 115,000 00
“ '• Julupa, 62.618 12
Brticjtf. bMY* tn any
ovcrntwuM appears anxious lohushun ,|. B
lew n-urMk» movsme.i .. See L*i. Pu, 0 ,?
which hat celled forth severe Invective, f r ,„ n , ’
purwowef; lb, pr«as. If rectory w ,H, r fi ( | iuu ”
generals ere not linmedta'.ely-puitished, tive M P ,i
can army will continue tu lw iraiiornu*, di, Coi *
willed, and changeable in its party fceii,,'
While such a state of thing* exist* in a neitk und
vacillating government like that of Mexico w
need in,Hear any decidedly hostile operation!
against this country.
The monetary exports from Vera Cruz in t| le
month of August, were as follows ;
1" ®n ecie v * 145 - 871 <»
In Silver,bars, 3,244 On
In Mexican Dividends, 29 593
Freight. '2*7 5 «
, ..... 8177,636 59
^ it wns stated at i ampico on the 3d inst., u, n .
Genoral Arista, nccordmg to letters from Monterey
was expecting $60,000, which were en route tut
that city. As soon as received ho would proceed
to establish his head quarters on the Rio Grande
The Eco del Norte in speaking of an apprehend-
ed attack upon Matamoros by the Americans, states
dint if General Ganna should arrive there tvn|,
troops, it was hoped he would come well supplied
with provisions, for if he comes to die of hunger
as the army has been doing therefor some time
past, his arrival will only aggravate their present
destitute situation ! The Gaceta de Tamaulipasaf
the 7th ult., states thnt lettera from Matamoros,do
ted 30lli August, spoke confidently that tlie Ameri
can Army nt Corpus Chrisli was about to take that
town at all hazards and with the leust possible de
lay. These “rumors of war” appear to make the
Mexicans quake more than their earthquakes.
Since writing the above we have conversed with
several of our friends who have received their cor
respondence from Vera Cruz, und they all state
that there was no appearance of war—at tho same
time from private udvices we think it probable that
a very general and decisive revolutionary nmv e .
mem may bu expected in Mexico in a shun tone.
CENSUS.
^Return of the Census of Muscogee county f or
No. ol free white porsons, 9711
No. of sluves and free persons of color, 0,033
Total
16,032
In tho city of Columbus, free white per-
a0 "®’ ,, 3,058
Slaves and free persons of color, 1,031
Total,
4,477
part of East Macon not embraced in the corporate
limits, are not included in the returns.
^rust * stranger without keeping a good look out.’
A Good Reason.—-‘Why,”said a country cler
gyman, to one of liit flock, “ do you anore in lha
paw wheu I am in the pulpit, while you're all alien.
tion to evor^ stranger.I Invite/" Because, air. _ ,
When you preach I am sure ail it right, but 1 can’t statement of our gulf squadron", aud'of "the niovo!
$1,061,183 05
Tho revenuoof the Custom house at Vera Cruz,
for 1 lio month of August, amounted to $89,568.
The government hud notified the Chumhcrs that
it had sanctioned tlie decree in relation lo tho for
mation of tariffs. VVlulo on llto subject, we find
that Don Francisco de Arrangoiz, late Mexican
Consul nt this port, hnd bocn named a member of
the junta for arranging the new tariff. He is very
favorably spoken of.
It was stated that Gen. i’orodes had tuken up
his march from Sun Louis for I’otosi, by ordor uf
tlie government.
The French Minister left llto Capitol, for Vera
Cruz, on the 13th ull. A Veru Cruz paper ol the
20th, speaks tu very flattering terms uf his effi
cieney as a Minister, and of his conduct and quali.
ties as u gentleman.
President Herrera took the oath of office on tho
16th ult.
Gen. Inclan had written tu Gen. Ridiou front
Puebla, tliut ita citizens had utlered him, fur the
defence of the government and of the National
territory, twenty-six battalions, lour regimenta and
one brigade of artillery, which forces woro organ
ized during the expedition of Geu. Barradas, end
when the French sq sail run arrived off VernCruz.
We du not find any war.liko intelligence in the
Mexican paper*. There is, of course, a great deal
of blustering a* usual, hut in reality, it would ap.
pear that the President he* no intention of declar
ing war. Some of the Mexican journal* give a
meni of eur troop* at Corpus Christ., hut vo can-
FREEZING WATER IN RED HOT IRON
VESSELS;
As extraordinary as this rtlay seem, it lins actu
ally been done. At a late sitting of the British As-
sociation fertile advnncement of science, at Coin,
bridge, England, Professor Boutigny mad© sumo
experiments shewing the effect of bringing water in
eontuci with red-hot iron ; in the course of which
he actually ptuduced ice in u vessel at a ulotvinp
red heat. 6 6
In the first place, the Professor proceeded to
show that a drop of water projected upon a red hot
plute does not touch it; hut that a repulsive action
is exerted betweon the piate and fluid, which keeps
the latter in a state uf rapid vibration. At a whits
heat this repulsion ucts with the greatest energy,
whilst it ceases, and the ordinary process of eve.
porutiou takes place at a brown red heat. The
temperature of the water whilst in the spheroidal
state is found to be only 96 dog., und this tempera
ture is maintained so long as the heat is kept up,
To bring this water lo a boiling point, (to 212 deg.)
it is therefore necessary to cool the plate. These
phenomena are explained by M. Boutigny on the
supposition tout tlie sphere of water has a perfect
reflecting surface, and consequently that tho boat
of llto incandescent plate is reflected hock upon it;
and some experiments have been made which show
that litis is the case, the plate becoming visibly red.
der over those purls on which the globule played.
Several experiments were made in proof of lliia
necessary cooling lo produce ehulition.
Professor B. then proceeded to show that ice
could bu formed in a vessel at q glowing red bent.
Tite experiment wns beautifully perfurtnetl by bint
in the presence of a very lurge audiencu, all of
whom wore extremely anxious to witness so curi
ous u pltuuumenon :
A deep plutina capsule was then hr- , tu u
glowing red heat, and at tho same n ,,11.111, liquid
8u)phurious acid, which hud been preset ved in tlw
liquid state by n freezing mixture, nnd some water
were poured into tlie vessel. The rapid evapora
tion of the volulile and sulphurous acid, which ca
ters into ehulition at the freezing point, produced
such un intense degree of cold, that a largo lump
ot ice was immediately formed nnd thrown out of
the red hot vessel, handed round lu the company ia
the section.
Further oxperimouts lo show this repulsive ac
tion wore also rnado hy plunging a lump of silver
nt a glowing red heat into a glass of water. Aj
long as its bright rednoss was inaintu,,., d. there
wus 110 ehulition ; hut ns it slowly cooled, boiling
took place. In this experiment it appeared if
tlie glowing metal formed around itself an atmos
phere ; and lire contiguous surfuce of the water
uppeured like a silver plute.
Tho application of tho principles involved in
these phenomena to the temperature of mentis wS*
also explained. If n inetul to ho tempered is in a
highly incandescent stale, the necessary hardening
will nut take place on plunging it into llto water.—
It is therefore necessary, that a certain tempern urs
should he observed. Experiments were made to
show tliut tite repulsive power of tlie spharoidial
fluid existed not merely between this and tlie hot
plate, but between it nnd other fluid,. Ethcrond
wutcr thus repelled eace other, and w ati r rested an
and rolled over turpentine.
The bursting of steam boilers came next under
consideration ; and it was shown that many seri
ous explosions may be referred to tlie plicnomcr.S
under consideration, in n groat many cases, the
explosions liavo occurred during the cooling of tin
boilers after the withdrawal of the fire. An expe
riment wns shown In proof of the view ctitertaiae'l
by M. Boutigny. Aspheioof copper, fitted silk
tite safely valve, wns heated on a little water being
put into it, it was securely corked up ond withdrawn
Irom the lamp. As long us the metal remained
tetl, every thing was quiet , but upon cooling'ka
cork wns blown out with explosive violence.
These researches of M. Boutigny will do much
towards explaining many phenomena hitherto con
sidered inexplicable.
Savannah Oct, I*-
State Rail Road—Mr. Garnett, Engineer of
tlie Western and Atlantic Kail Road, gives n ol ‘ c ®
that this important Road, now in operation a* W
as Marietta, will on the 20th tost, be ready for lb*
curs und for public use aa far u» Cartersvihe,
Cuss county, nnd on the 20tlt of November wm *
completed as fur a* the Coosa Depot, former y
known aa Burrough’s.
When ilia Monroe lleil Road Iaputln complete
order na fares Murthaavilie, (Atlanta,) which *«
ho|ie aud trwat will be early in llto spring, we con
template a plenum rid* of 20 to 30 hour* to
lieart ofheautiful Che rokco.—Georgian,