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« nfaiiev of %ei? corporate existence. Tim; »»'r. ' SBfess>t >
-tltf;" rauit of fiiiessity,(fither establishshanks ol l-’ro;ij (lie Pre*iJeiitof Uie O.utcd State* 'o both
heir own, or tltcy mustdepend upon ttra branch
h* of tlis Uuitod Hlntca biink luf supplying them
vritk paper currency. If it be Tight nml proper
f7.r them to qstablisti banks of tuoironn, it iscer-
tiiaSy correct that they should lmve power to nf-
Mfd them all necessary protection. lJut this they
entrant ilo effectually, so long iu there is a similar
institution. h iring’ infinitely greater resources
vfitltia their limits, and wholly independent «.l
ttrrir uilthurity. To rely upon such an iusiitu-
tiSft far a pupv medium, or for-eoimhorcinl facil-
itirj, woili as manifestly uusafu nud impolitic,.
Uuutfto as it was forced upon them without their
cwosent, so it may lie suddenly withdrawn, wheth
er they bo willing or unwilling. And bones
UOUld result Iinuiediiito stagnation ol busittet.
athl derangomeiit of couiiuorciui ullnirs. It is.
ckrtainly contrary to all jit h conceptions of stat-
sovereignty, that a powerful liioiiisd institution
should bo wlftilislisd within the jurisdictional
limits of any slate without her content, uud con
ducted free from her restraint. It is, in elfeet,
« aciug important public interests in subjection to
e whim and enprtee of tile few individuals to
yhnra iti direction may ho intrusted. That pro
vision of tho charter which prohibits the taking ot
more than three directors front any one state,
does mit secure to tlm status any control over the
illiirs of tho b ias. A subsequent section de-
aauys the littlo influence which is tints apparently
given tjrremote parts of the Union, by making
s'ivuo directors a quorum to do Imsinesk. Thu;
the five directors appointed on tho pert of the
G'-momi (iovornmeut, mid tvho are not chosen
tficb rcfirenco to thfiir places of rosideuco, to
gether with tho threo appointed by tho stockhold-
onfrom tho state in which tho mother bunk is
(heated, may at any time control its operation,.
What.5ccnrity then have tbo remote memhors
«if tha coaljderacy, that their interest will be prop
erty respected in u board so organized ! Again it
will out bo dotiiod that a sovereign stata should
Khvethepowor of imposing a tux on all of the
productive capital, bi uoficinlly employed under
to* protection of her laws. Tho State of Geor
gia may, and does, tax tho bauks chartered by
herself; bjx thia'croatuA) of it higher power is a-
hav»thosoperation of her laws. It is impolitic, it
is wrong in principle, that tho enterprise of her
citizens shbuld'cuutrilmts to tho support of a
Wealthy corporation, which so far from yielding
hsrarevcquo.uctually oppresses and impover
ishes similar Institutions, which are compelled to
pay their raito into hor Treasury. Itis worthy of
•remark, that this bank has failed to accomplish
ope object anticipated by tho states. The advo
cates of its incorporation predicted, that it would
eqnalizo exchange throughout tho Union, but no
•soch good bus resulted.
* But there is another view of tho subiect, more
important to the states, and which should unite
them all id opposition to this overgrown child of
too Gyuoral Govoru nout. * Yonr committee he-
liovo that it U tusebptibio of boing made a power-
fill and dangerous political engine. Thero are
thaso who'question whothor men casually thrown
.together iu tho direction of that Bank, could or
would dnito itr-nny one political project. But it
■Should be remembered, that community of inter
est superinduces'community of feeling and of
principle, and that political power is always desi
rable, because it can at any time confer pecunia
ry emolument. ' Dauger however, is cat so much
tb bn apprehondod from a sinister movement on
the partyf the directors generally, as from tho im
proper use, .which a corrupt administration of die
General Government may raako of the institu
tion. Recurring to one feature of the charter al
ready noticed, it is manifest that tho directors ap
pointed on the part of tho tiuuoral Government,
id ay a>d doubtless iwill often coustituto a majori
ty of tho board assembled Indeliberate upon the
affairs of the bauk—It is very cloar, that on such
siucaaions, any measure, desired by tho adminis
tration, could be carried into immediate oxocu-
Con. Ifit ^s nsked-iVhat additioflal powor could
hn given by this'fibsoluto control, tho ready au
swor is, nothing less than that power which the
Mammon of unrightcousuoss over hus exercised,
Snd over will cxorci^o over the frailty of human
ttatnro. If it bo asked, what would bo tho “mo
dus operand!” of such a power, tho answer is c-
qnally ready. ; It would operate by n judicious
location 6£brnoch banks—by a prudent solcctiou
of iuflacutial men ns directors of tboso branches,
by instructing such directors, so to distribute their
favors, as to give ascendancy over promiuent in-
dividnuls in -their respective spheres of operation,
and to use their power over weaker bauks around
them, so as to render thorn suhssrvicut to their
purposes, and finally by extending accommoda
tions to mou iu power. Such are sumo of tbo
modes in which it would bo mado efficient, and
they are not tho suggestions of an excited fancy,
but consequences which may follow from exist
ing causes. The fact, that oppressions and abu
ses spoken of. are not now practiced by tho bank,
ft nonrguiuuutm its favor. Considerations of
policy, motivos of self-preservation, uow constrain
ft to oxcrciso good faith towards tho • public. A
Crisis is about to take placo in the existence of
that institution. .Tho arbiters of hor fate, will
soon have assembled to ait iu jndgiuent upon her,
and the issao will bo life or death. All evidences
of corrupt management—of oppressive conduct,
Of political intrigue, wiil bo collected by her uiu-
mitss, and soloraaly considered by her judges, nud
from their decision, there will bo no appeal, Ua-
dor each circumstances, it is not to be expected,
that show-ill carefully avoid doing any tiling to
•xcite prejudices, nay, even, that she will do
ranch to conciliate public opinion! And for this
pradont regard to self-preservation, does, she ox-
poct the united confidence of the states’ lty no
rouaus. The questions for our determination,
-are: Has tho bank of the United States extraor
dinary post ers—and are there temptations to the
abuse of these powers' 'Your committee vn-
-hnsitatingly answer thoso questions iu tho affirm
ative,.and believe them to bo conclusive on tho
.subject-—Therefore thoy respectfully recommend
tho adoption of tho fallowing resolutions :
Jtesoloed by the Senate and House of R'pre-
JaUalires of the State of Georgia, in General
jUmnblg out, That our Senators in Congress,
he, mad they are hereby instructed, and our Ro-
pftoentalives requested to use their united and
Orennoa* efforts to prevent any enactment to
mnevr the charter of tho bank of the Unitod
Retold A, -That his Excellency tho Governor,
he, aad he is hereby requested, to forward co
pies of the foregoiug report and resolutions to
c^vb of oar Senators and Representatives in
Congress, with a request tha^ the samo may bo
Moan s of Congress, at the eomracucenicntjjf
too first session of the twenty-second CougreSs..
Fellote-tMizens of the Senate arid '
.House of Representatirr*:
The representatiou of tho people has been re
newed for tha twenty-second timo since tlttf
constitution they formed has been in force. For
near 'half a century, tha chief magistrates, who
have been successively chosen have made their
annual communications of the slate of tho untiim
to its representatives. Generally, those com
munications have been of the most gratifying
nature, testifying ait advance in alt the improve-
incuts of social, and nil the securities of politi
cal life. But frequently, and justly, ns you have
been called on t:> be grateful for the bouiilies.of
Providence, at foiv periods IntVe thoy been more
abundantly or extensively bestowed than at tbo
presStitt rarely if ever, have we bad greater reason
fj congrntuiudo each other ou tho continued and
increasing prosperity of our beloved country,
Agii . ulture, the first and most important oc
cupation of matt, has compensated tho labors of
the. huibatiduiau with plentiful crops of all the
vnriod products of our extensivo country. .Man
ufacture,! have boon established, iu which the
funds of the capitalist find a profitable investment,
and which give employment and subsistence to a
numerous aud ittere-tsitig body of industrious aud
dexterous mechanic*. Tho laborer is rewarded
by high wage*, iu tho couitrurtiuu of works of
internal improvement, which arc extending with
uuprcrodculcd rapidity. Ucieuce is steadily pen
etrating tha recesses o’f nature aud disclosing her
secrets, while the ingenuity of free minds is sub-
jac.ir.g tha elctnouis to lint power of matt, and
rurjciug oaeh new conquest auxiliary to his com
fort. By our in whoso spaed is regularly
increased, and whose routes arc every year ex
tended, the cousmunicatiim of public intelligence
and private business is rendered frequent aud
safe—the intercourse between distant cities, which
it formerly required weeks to accomplish, is now
effected iu a fmv days;- and iu the construction of
rail-roads, aud tho application of stoam power,
we have a reasonable prospect that the extreme
parts of ourcouatry will bo no much approximated,
and those mast isolated by the obstacle* of nature,
rendered so accessible ns to remove an apprehen
sion sometimes entertained, that the great extent
of tits Union would endanger its permanent ex
istence.
If, from the satisfactory view of our agricul
tore, munufacutvrs, tin t internal improvements,
wo turn to the stato of our navigation aud trade
with forcigu nations uud between the States, we
shall scarcely find less cause for gnitulatiou. A
beneficent Providence has provided, for their ex
ercise nml encouragement, au extensive coast
indented by capacious bays, noble rivers, inland
seas, with u country productive of every material
for ship building and every commodity for gain
ful commerce, aud filled with a population, ac
tive, intelligent, well iuformed, and .'earless of
danger: These advantages are not neglected:
and an impulse has lately been given to com
mercial enterprise, which fills our ship yards with
new constructions, encourages all tho arts and
hmuches of industry connected with them, crowds
tho wharves of our cities with vessels, and covers
tho most distant seas with our canvass.
Let us be grateful for these blessings to tho
boneficeut Being who has conferred them, aud
who sullers ui to indulge a reasonable hope of tltoir
continuance and extension, while wo neglect not
tho means by which they may ho preserved.
the American aud British dominions, as describ
ed in thqfith Artk'lc oftlife Treaty of Ght nt, shall
be referred as therein :prt)Vi;ieil, to renin in. inllj
soye.-eigu or state; who shall be invited to inve»ti|
gate, and mated decision upon : nch points of
difference:" aiid'thciKingoftlie Netherlands hav
ing, by tile late Vrtmdent /and jiig Britannic Mas
jesty, beau designated at inch friendly tovereixu,
tt became my duty'to carry' With' good faith, the
agreement so made into full effect. To this outl
laid before t Conxrcss at at tho
presento
COMMISSION BUSINESS.
T HE subscriber will attond to the purchase
of Cotton and tale of Merchandise, aud
hopes by strict attontion to morit tha confidence
tef tluwe who may favor him with theirconfidenee.
AfaooB. Qcf. 7,1831. 3m JAMES REA.
Wo-Journeymen Shoe-Makers.
T WO firtt-ratoJOURNEYMBN SHOE
MAKERS can find constant employment
by applying soon to
PARMALEE& CHURCH.
rwv i 15 .....
«r« Otrthorizetl tu na
ftv,-.. o JtAiiMOV II. HOWARD, ax a candid
«e fur tot xberifialty of Bibb counrv,
ms:. 7
wo may dare to judge of Hit future designs by
tho manner iu which his past favors have been
bestowed, lie has made our national prosperity to
depend ou the preservation of our liberties—our
national forco on our fcdurnl union—and our
individal happiness on the maintenance of our
State rights and wise institutions. If wo arc pro
sperous at home, and respoctod abroad, it is be
cause wo are free, united, industrious and obo-
diuut to the laws. While wo continue so, wo
shall, by tho blessing of Heaven, go on iu the
happy career wo have begun, and which hns
brought us, in tho short period of our political
existence, from a population of three to thirteen
miliions—frotn thirteen separato colonics to twenty
four Untied States—from weakness to strength
—from a rank scarcely marked in tho scale of
Nutions to n high place in their respect.
This last advantage is ono that itas resulted, iu
a groat degree, from tho principles wltieh have
guided our intercourse with forcigu Powers, siucc
we havo assumed an oqual station among them:
and hence, the uunuai account which the Ex
ecutive renders to the country, of tho manner in
which that brauck of Ins duties has been fulfilled
proves instructive aud salutary.
The pacific aud wise policy of our Government
kept us ia a stale of neutrality during tbo wars
tlnu ltavo nt did'erent periods sitico our political
existence, boun carried on by other powers: but
thi* policy while it gavo activity and extent toour
commerce, exposed it in the samo proportion to
injuries Crop tho hleligcront nations. Hence havo
arisen cl,tints of indemnity for those injnries.—
England, Franco, Spain, Holland, Sweden, Den
mark, Naples, and lately Portugal, had till in a
creator or less degree infringed our neutral rights.
Demands for reparation were made upon all.—
Thoy have h.td in all, and continue to have in
some cases, a leading influence on tho nature of
onr relations with thu ppvrers on whom they were
made-
Of the claims upon England it is unnecessary to
spoak.further than to suy, that tho stato of things
to which their prosecution and denial gave rise
hns been succeeded by arrangements, productive
of mutual good fecliug and amicable relations be
tween the two countries, which it is hoped will
not bo iuterruptod. One of these arrangements
is that relatiug to tho colonial trade, which was
communicated to Congress nt the last session; and
nlthuugh tho short period (luring which it£ps
been ia force will not cuable tuc to form an accu
rate judgment ofits operation, .there is .every rea
son tu believe that it will provo highly beneficial.
Tito trade thereby ttulkunzcd has epijiloycd, to
tho UOth Sepiomhcr last, upwards .of 00,000 tons
of American, and 15,000 tons of forejgu shipping
iu the outward voyages; aud, intheiuward, near
ly an equal aiuonut of American, and 20,000 on
ly of foreign toiiHagc. Advantages, too havo re--
suited toour agricultural interest from the stato
of tho trado between Canada and our Territories
and States bordering ou tho tit. Lawrence and the
•Lakes, which may prove more than equivalent
to tho loss sustained by tha discrimination made
to favor tho trado of tho Northern colonies with
tho West indies.
After our transition from tho state of colonioi to
that of aniudependcut uatiou, many points were
found necessary to ho settled between us and
Great Britain. Among them was tho demarca
tion tif boundaries, not described with sufficient
precision in the Treaty of Peace. Some of tho
lines that divido.tho States aud Territories of the
United States from the British Provinces, have
been definitely fixed. That, howover, which sep
arates us from tho Provinces of Canada and New
Bruuswick to the North and tho East, wtu still in
dispute when I came into oflico. But I found ar
rangements made for its scttlomant, over which 1
had no control. Tho commissioners who had
been appointed under tho provisions of tho Treaty
of Ghent, having been- unablo to agree, a conven
tion was rnndo with Great Britain by my imme
diate prtdtcoKsnr in office, with tbo adnrbm.n ul
agreement so mm
1 caused mil tbo measures to be taken which were
r.ecossarjr to a full exposition of our ense to tho
Sovereign Arbiter; ana nominated as Miuistcr
Plenipotentiary to itis court, a distinguished citi
zen of tbo-titatu most interested iu the question,
aud who hod been one of too ageuts previously
employed for settling the rtintroversy. On the
10th day of January last. Ills Majesty the King of
the Netherlands delivered to the Plenipotentia
ries of the United .Slates, and of Groat Britain
Itis written opinion on the case referred to him.—
Tho papers in volution to the subject wiil be coin-
uVunieatcd,,f>y a special message, to the proper
branch of too'Government, with the perfect con
fidence that its wisdom will adopt such measures
as will secure uu amicable settlement of the Con
troversy, without infringing any constitutional
right of thu .States immediately interested.
It affords me satisfaction to inform you that
sugg- tout, made by my direction, to the Chitrgi
d’ Ad'.ors of ills llrtttanie Majesty, tv this Gov
ornment, have hud their desired effect in piottuc
ing tile release of certain American citizens, who
wore imprisoned fur setting up the authority of
tho til ate of Maine, nt a place in the disputed Ter
ritory uuder the actual jurisdiction of Ills Bri
tannic Majesty. From this, and the assurances I
have received, of the desire of the local authori
ties to avoid any cause of collision, l have the
best hopes that a good understanding trill he kept
up vutii it is confirmed by tho final disposition of
the subject.
Tbs amicable relations which now subsist be
tweeu the United tit tles and Great Britiau, the
increasing intercourse between tliair citizens, aud
the rapid obliteration ol' tniiriendly prejudices to
ivfiicH former i:vetits naturally gave rise—concur
red to present this as a hi period for renewing our
endeavors to provide against the recurrence of
causes ot init.itifm, winch, iu the event of war be
tween Great Britain and any oilier power, would
inevitably endanger our peace. Animated by the
sincerest desire to avoid such a state of things,
uud peacefully to secure, uuder all possible cir
cumstance,, tha rights and honor of the country,
1 have given hiicIi insiruetiuus to the Minister
lately sent to tho Court of London, as will, evince
that desire; und if met by it' correspondent dispo
sition, which we cannot doubt, will put an end
to causes of collision, winch, without advantage to
cither, teud to enstrauge from each other, two
u ttions who have every motive to preserve, not
only pmee, but uu intercourse of the most arnica-
Mi iiuture. •
_ Iu my Message at the opening of the l«9t ses
sion of Congress, 1 expressed a confident hope that
ihu justice o! our claims upon France, urged ns
they wore with perseverance ahd signal ability by
our Minister there, woukl finally be acknowledg
ed; •This hope has been realized. A treaty has
been sigtieff 'wuich will immediately be laid before
the Senate ffir its approbation; aud which con
taining stipulations that require Legislative acts,
.must have too concurrence of both houses lieforo
it can bo carried into effect. By it, the French
Gavorntneuteugagc to pay a sum which, if not
quite equal to that which may be found due to
our cinzous, will yet, it is believed, uuder all cir
cumstances. be deemed satisfactory by those in
terested. The offer of a gross sit ui, tustcad of thu
satisfaction of each individual claim, was accept
ed, because the only alternatives were a rigorous
exaction of the whole amount stated to be due ou
each claim, which might, in sonic instances, lie
exaggerated by design, in others overrated through
error, and which therefore it would have Item
both ungracious and unjust to have insisted on,
or a settlement by a mixed commission, to which
the French uuguti „ rs were very averse, and
which experience in other cases bad shewn to be
dilatory, and wholly inadequate to too end. A
comparatively small sura is stipulated on onr
part, to go to tho extinction of all claims by French
citizens on our Government; and a reduction of
duties ou our-Cbtton and their Wines has boon a-
precd on, as u consideration for the renunciation
of au important claim for commercial privileges,
under tho construction they gave to the Treaty fer
the cession of Louisiana.
Should this Treaty receivo the proper sanction
it source of irritation will bo slopped that has, for
so many years, in some degree alieuiated front
eaclt other, two nations, who from interest, as well
ns tho remembrance of early associations, ought
to cherish too most- friendly relations—as encour
agement will be given for presorverunco iu the de
mands of justice, by this now proof, that, if stead
ily pursued, they will be listened to—aud utlmoai-
tiou will bo offered to those Towers, if any, wltieh
tuny In) inclined.toevude them, thattocy will nev
er lie ubnndtmed, Abovo all, a just eunfidcuco
will lty inspired in our fellow-citizens, that their
Government will exert all too powers with which
thoy havo invested it, iu support of their just
claims npuu Foreign nations; at the same time
that tho bunk acknowledgment aud provision
for tho payment of thoso which were addressed to
our equity ulihuugh unsupported by iegul proof,
affords a practical illustration of our submission
to the divmo rule of doing to others what wo de
sire they should do. unto ns.
Sweden and Denmark having iimdo compensa
tion for the irregularities committed by thoir ves
sels; or in tlicir ports, to the perfect satisfaction of
the parties concerned; and having renewed the
Trenties of Commerce entered into with them,
our political nml commercial relations with these
Powers continue to ho outho most friendly foot
ing. •
With Spain, our difference up to tho Sid of
February, ItiiU, were settled by the Treaty of
W nshiugtutt ofthat date; but uta subsequentperi-
od our commerce with the States formerly co!«uict
of Spain, on-the rohtincutof America, was tm-
uoyodaud frequently interrupted by ber public Si
pnvato armed ships. They captured mauy of
our vessels prosecuting a lawful commerce, uud
sold them uud their cargoes; und ut one timo, to
our demnndsfor restoration nml indemnity, oppos
ed too allegation, that they were token in tfni vi
olation of a blockade of all the ports of those
States. This hlnckade was declaratory only, aud
tho inadequacy of the force to maintain it, was so
manifest, that this allegation was varied to a
charge of trado iu luutrahuud of war. This, in
its turn, was also fownluutenable; and tho min
ister whom I sunt with instructions to press for
the reparation that was duo to our iujured fellow
citizens, has transmitted an answer to his demand
by whiek too captures nro declared to havo bccu
legal, and are justified, because tho independence
of tho States of America never, having keen ac
knowledged by Spain, sbo had a rigltt to prohibit
trade with them under her old colonial laws.—
This ground of defence was 'contradictory, not
only to thoso whichi had I been formerly alleged,
but to the uniform practice mid established laws
of nations; and had beeu abandoned by Spain her
self in the convention which granted indemnity .to
British subjects for captures, made at too saiio
timo, under the same circumstances, and for the
samo allegations with thoso of which wo complain.
I however indulge the hope tout further refiec-
- .B — turn will lc;td to other views,'and feel confident
i »twVL.°JLV,VL**r£"•* v ‘ v ""‘ t>,4 ‘ * !k -* Ui« »’*<»•«$ Majesty .Ir.ll he ionrrin-
I ...'ilL 1 ,^ U f "to** >» v » <I I 'd of cite ju,ti.-e »TW rtWBvdtfi c.siro to
tesaiss .kb "a., r
nt, consideration; to toe outl tnai it,
which I cannot bring myself to believe, the sflnm
decision that cannot but be deoracd ait uitfriend-
fy deidai of justice, should be persisted m. the
matter may, before your adjournment, bo la d be
fore yon, toe constitutional judges of what is
,,roper to i.o done when negotiation for redress ol
‘^I’lfe^conclusion of a treaty for indemnity with
France seemed to present a favorable opportuni
ty to renew our claims of a similar nature on to.,
other powers, and partieularly iu the case ol those
upon Naples, more especially as m too course os
former- negotiations with that power, our failure
to iudeue France to render us justice was used as
au argutnout against tv,. The desires of the mer
chants, who were the principal sufferers, have
therefore been acceded to, and a inissiou has
been instituted for tho special purpose of obtaining
for them a reparation already too long delayed.
This measure having beeu resolved on, it was put
in execution w ithout waiting for the meeting ol
Congress, because the state of F.urope created
au apprehension of eveutsthat might have ren
dered our application Ineffectual,
Our demands upon the Government of toe two
Sicilies are of a peculUr nature: the injuries on
which they are founded are not denied, nor are
t!ie atrocity and perfidy under which those inju
ries were perpetrated attempted to bo cxtimtuat-
eil. The solo ground on which indemnity hur.
been refused is the alleged illegality,tf the t -nnre
bv which the monarch who ninife the seizures
held his crown. This defence; always unfound
ed iu any principle of toe law of nutions—now
universally abandoned, even by those powers up
on whom the responsibility for nets of past rulers
bore the must heavily, will unquestionably be giv
en up by his tiiciiian majesty, whose counsel:,
will receivo an impulse from that high sense ot
honor aud regard injustice which arc ai.il to
characterize Inin,.nud l l'eel the fullestcottfiilcnci
that the talents of tho citizen eoiuini.sloited fo
that purpose w iil place before him t’to just claims
of our injured citizens in such a light as will ena
ble me, .before your adjournment, to announce
tout they have beeu adjusted and secured. Pre
cise instructions to the effect of bringing the nc
gotiatiou to a speedy issue, have been gjveu, uud
w iil he obeyed.
lit the late blockade of Tereoiru, some of the
Portuguese fleet captured several of our vessels,
and committed other excesses, for which repara
tion was demanded, and 1 was on toe point of
despatching an. armed force, to prevent auy.ra
eurroneu ot similar violence, aud protect our citi
zens iu tau prosecution of their lawful commerce,
wi.an official assurances, on which l relied, made
the sailing of the ships unnecessary, tiiuco that
period, frequent promises have been made that
full indemnity shall be given for tile injuries iu-
dieted ami the losses sustained. In the pt-rtorra-
nnce there has been some, perhaps unavoidable,
delay; but 1 ir.tvo thu fullest confidence that my
earnest desire that this business may at oiteo be
closed, w hich our minister lias been instructed
strongly to express, wili very soon bo gratified-—
1 have the hotter ground for this hopu, from tho
evidence of a friendly disposition vvhteh that Go
vernment has shown by au actual reduction in
tile duty on rice, the pro,luce of our tioijlheru
tit.itcs, authorizing too anticipation tint this im
portant article of our export will soon he admit
ted ou tiie same footing with that produced by
tho most favored uatiou.
With the oilier powers of E-iropc, wo have
fortunately had uo cause of discussion for the re
dress of injuries. With the Einpac of toe Rus
sians, our political connexion is ol the must friend
ly, and our commercial, of tha niu.t iincr.il biud-
VVe enjoy the advantages of navigation uud trade
given to the most favored uatiou; but it iu.s.uot
yet suited their policy, or perhaps lias not boon
found convenient from oilier consideration;, to
give stability and reciprocity to those privileges
by a commercial treaty. Tito ill health of tl:.'
minister last year charged with making a propo
sition for that arrangement, did not permit him
to remain at tit. l’otcrsburgh, ami toe attention of
that Government, duriug the whole of the period
since his departure, having deeu occupied by the
war in which it was engaged, we have Ik-iii as
sured that nothing could have been effected lav
his presence. A minister, will soon be numinated
ns well to effect this important object as to keep
up tho relations of amity mid guod understanding
of which wo havo received so mauy assurances
and proofs from ’hi* imperial majesty, uud tlm
emperor hi; predecessor.
The treaty with Austria is opening to us an
important trade with the hereditary dominions of
the Lmporor, tho value of which has been hither
to little kuutvii, aud ill' course not sufficiently ap
preciated. While uurcommureu finds au eiitrjucu
juto the south uf Germany by meaus of this trea
ty; thoso we hare formed with the Hanseatic
Towns aud Prussia, and others now in negotia
tion, will open that vast country to the cuterpri. -
ing spirit ofourmerchants,oil the North: u coun
try abounding in all tho materials for. a mutually
beneficial commorcu, filled with enlightened aud
industrious inhabitants, holding nu important
place iu the polities of Europe, and to which we
utvc so many valaalde citizens. The ratifica
tion of the treaty with the Potto was sent to he
exchanged by the gentleman appointed our
Charge d'Affaires to that Court, tiomfi.difflcul-
tics occurred ou his arrival; but at the dale of hi;’
last official despatch, he supposed they lmd been
obviated, nml that ihore tvus every prospect of
the exchange being speedily affected.
This finishes too contracted View 1 havo thought
it proper to give ofour political awl-commercial
relations iu Eiiropo. Every effort iu my power
will bo continued tu strengthen nud extend litem
by treaties founded ou principles of the meat per
fect reciprocity of interest, neither nskiug uiir
conceding any exclusive advantage, blit liberat
ing as far as it lies in my power too activity aud
industry ofour fellow-citizens from tho shackles
which foreign restrictions may impose.
To China and the East Indies, our commerce
continues iu iu usual extent nud with increased
facilities, which the credit and cnnjtal ofour mer
chants afford, by substituting bills for payments
in specie. A during outrage having been com
mitted in those seas by the pluuder of one of our
merchantmen engaged iu the pepper-trade at a
port in tiuninini, and the piratical perpetrators
belonging to tribes iu such n state uf society, tout
the usual course of proceedings hctwcon civilized
nations could not bo pursued, 1 forthwith des
patched a frigate with orders to requiro immedi
ate satisfaction for the iujury, aud indemnity • to
tho suftcrcrs.
Fmv changes have taken place iu our connex
ions with the independent tiiates of South Ame
rica since my last commuuicatioD tu Congress.—
The ratification of a commercial treaty with the
United Republics of Mexico hns bccu for some
timo under deliberation' iu their Congress, hut
was still undecided at tho date of our last des
patches. Tho unhappy civil commotion* that
havo prevailed there, were undoubtedly the cause
of too delay; but os the Government is now
said to he tranquilized, we may hope soon to re
ceive the ratification of too treaty, und an ar
rangement for tho demarcation of tho boundaries
between us. In the mean timo an important
trado has been opened, with mutual benefit, from
tit. Louis in the State.of Miv-ouri, by caravans
to.iho interior province.*,of Mexico. This com-
u ' ,lt °McorttBc ea ~"£t
hpyobd onr b-uindarics to tho settled-1,™ TH
lexicon i. rritory., Partofffi,
From Ce.it/aV America I have received
anct-sof tlto mast friendly kind, and aen-'ra' -
application for ou, good offices to r< inovn - 5
posed iu.!i-.p,v>ira... that UuvcrttJiJr
a neighboring timtfi: this application W#1 l 0 ! 1 *
dlately and miec«s>si«.ij complied Wlt |, Tf#*
gave as also the pi'ensirtz intelligence that r/ 7
reneet bad prevailed m tour inn t Li,
fairs tiH<! been p :.ce u lib adjusted. Our i
with this lii puuiic continues to be faithfulu, 1 ?
served, aud tirunis'.; a great and kenclich.r c “*
merer between the two emfutrLs: acootii,,?*
the great st importance, if the mncaifiai ntno-*
of a »hii> cm:at through tho doniiulori Jra*"
State, Irom the Allautic Jo the Pai-ifa
now in set ion* eanUiupLtioii, shall hr,, iJJJje
I have great satisfai tom u;, -v'nii uniw-D i.
success wuich lias aiteieieu the ex-p-tiom •
Minister in Cohnnhin. to proemo a ny ret/re
ruble reduction iu the duties on 'but' ffid, r j,
Uopubiic. iudcinn.t..' dBo. 'ms Inicu
for inj.tries received t>y our mjrcha its frL
gt.1 tu' ,zi res; und renewed assurance* areg;
that ih ,'caty betweou lira two eounirhS
lie f.iithfull observed. e **» l
Chili aud Bern seem to bo still threatened
civ ii eoinmotinus; nml uutil they slnill b« , “
disorders may naturally he apprehended, i
ing the emisiHiit pie,Cure of a naval force ij|s
I'iicifie ocean, to protect our fishttos and i
oBrcotatirarre.
The didurbatti:; tldit la.ih tilrrrc ifttfw Etc-
ilf Brazil, previously to, and Ifflificdintrit ( "
qticnt upon, ti e ahdientimof die late lift
not ess'.rily su.pcmU'd any effectual api,
lor thu retire.; of some past hjuiics iniroJil
our citizens trem that Oovernnicut wliiletiJ
have l:cn f!:: cause of others, in which aid
r. r; seem to have parti. ,p :i«L Iitsi n .,rJ
have teen given to our Ulster there, tl)
fur iudemaily due fer losrcs erensioned’ hv
iriegukritic;: and to-toko care-that uui’fdj
eitizeus shaft enjoy ati the- privileges # tie»
fd iu their favor, i>y the treaty lately ma|!
tween the two i’ntve:;, all which, the gowl lL
ligetice tint prevails between our ftlinmorat!
Janeiro and tho Reguucy, gives u* the best r
sun to expect.
I should have placed Buenos Ayres-jgthe
of South American i’otvers in respect to»f
nothing of importance affecting us was t„ i
eomimmicatofl, bqt for oenirrences wliehl
lately t ikon place ot the Falkland l.-l i-ds, j|
which the name of that renuldic has u.;n lis&dT
covqr with a show of authority, ucu iujur:omii
our conmiorec, anil to the properly and
of our telle w citizens. In ttra course ef the ,
sent year, one uf our vessels e.ugagcd ju die r
suit to trado which wo have always ciyoved,witil
nut inolDStation, lp<s heetf t-.q.lurcd fij ,(,,3
acting, ns they pretend, under the authorial
tho Government of Buenos Ayres. I have tl 1
foro giveu orders for the despatch of an ai„
vessel, to join our squadron iu those seatl
aid iu afl'orqiiig ail lawful protection to onr nai
which shall ho necessary; and shall, wMiomIl
ay, send a Minister to wquiro in:.i> the nature]
the eircnmstaiiees, ami alto of thopiaun, if*
that is sot tip Ivy that Government todui.c uIul
fu thu mean time, I submit the caso to the corn!
deration of Oougress, to thu end thsuhey w
clothe the Executive with such nutherity»
means as they may demji accessary hep
t iding a force adequate'to the eeait-i-rcpw
tion ofour fellow citizen* fitoitig aud tiaUjgi
those se:t3.
This rapid s'ictch of our forcigu rWatiens, ill
hoped, fcilotv-eituseus, may tin afstuneawiss
mucjtof youb.leglsi.itibu as aiay'eijf ou Uiatir
uortaul subject; while it affords jt-j flic coanfiy I
large a source of high gratification iu the, u.-.w
jd.itiuii of of onr pnlineal aud zscitimcicut! roq
ucxion with ttu: text of the world. -It lie«™ sill
nil—hit n:g vldijiei* of iuttirc dillcran.': v.itii in
and tonse.susceptible of easy miju^tmciit. uten
ing our commerce gradually on nil inks. Wj
io:to by any but the most* liberal and
i&nefit’Sl iiauiu;—we may, by the Ui
Iranefii.?'! i.iean;—we may, by the Um».s| (
i'rovideuce, hope for all that uatiouel ars
which can be derived froJJi .t»»i.intercourse'i
foreign ii.ttiort., guided by those eternalpiiaq
of justice aud rtJv : jirociil good niU, wiiauj
tidnliag ns well upon ii. atos, as the imlivr^
of whom they are composed.
1 have great satisfaction in making tbiifi
went of onr affairs, because the course ofsuri
tiimal policy enables mo to do it withoutasjiJ
discrete exposure of what iu other covert
is usually caneuakd from lira people. I
none but n straight forward openeouree to p
—guided iiy a single principle that will brorH
siroitceat light—we ltavo bupipily uo politicals
l iuatloil to form, no alliances to onn-sgkM
comjdicated interests to Cousijlt; ami '# >■
iwg all we iiovu douo to the eoiwiilcrationol
ri'iztns, nud to tlm inspection of tho wow,"
give m> mlvaatagotn other nations, and Uj«"
selves open to ilo injury.
It may not ho improper to add that to [
tub- Unto of things aud give eonMcoc*
world iu the, integrity of onr desigu*, all ocr j 1
sular aud diplomatic .ageuts are stricM Wj®
U> examine well every cause of eoinpBudP’ 1
red by our citizonn; nud, vvltilo they ur^c *■
proper earnestness those thotare well
ibiuittusuec tiuiiu that are uu reave n*a!cwj
j.t t. and to enjoin on our merchants nml sJsT
•.nl... l!.-<inn tin till! i
tors tilt: strictest obcdic’ico to the l- 1 " 5 * .
countries to which they resort, and a cu H J
conauet ia their dcnii.igs tliat ntay
character of our uatiou uud rcuilcr iff r*
abroad. - -
Connected with this subject I ,n “ sl . r /j
mend a rovisal ofour eouvulnr laws. Pw"]l
omission* lo<vtqnoou discovered iff their c|*tw|
that ou.'riit to ho remedied and .supphe* 1- 1
your tot (Iter iuturmutioii ou this sn'y ' 11 ! |
dirccteil a report to lie inatlu by the Occ.xl J
State, which 1 shall hereafter submit to yctjtc
sidcratien. , ^
The mtcmal peace find security ef<*”’ /“”1
crated titufes, is thu next principal UDjcotwj
General Government. Time anil
have proved that tbo abode uf the n*uw
wiihiu their limiu is dangerous to tbw|K*™l
injurious to himself. To accordance tviUJ^I
cummeitdatiou ut n former ticssiou ofb*(J
nil appropriation of half a million
inmlc loahl the voluntary removal tM
tribes, heymid too limit* of the Stitt* 1
Inst tiession, i had the happiness to “
tlint thu Ghiekasiiws aud Cliuctaw* B*“ a .
thu generous offer of tho Government,
tort move beyond toe Mi-abripp 1 r f ver, 1 ’Ln
the wliolo of llio tilute of .Mississippi #nu •
en» pnrt of Alahamii will Ira
occupnucy and olraucd to a civilized pof I
The Treaties with these tribes aro m • (( ;S
execution, und their removal, it isBop*®' I
compluied ip tho course of I8SL _ ^1
At too rcqu'isl of tho nulhoritiss of “rejj
registration of Chi-rukou ludisW •“ *
luu been resumed, and it is coufioenuy
that one half, if net two thirds ol ,
lullow tlie wise example of their ta j
lirctoreu. Those vv Ilo prefer rcmnmi *.
prescut homes, will ktr-aftor be
by the law* of Geuigia, as her ‘■''t*** .
cease to ke tile ohjocl of jiccuharcarfi
of thn General GovernineDt. j
During tho present ytur, the, sf 1 ' 0 /;'i
tiovernmint hns been piirtwuwril • Jf ,a-j
.fhose frites in tho powerful rpjl $ 1