Newspaper Page Text
X
KI'lillUCAN.
3. Cl.BLAND, City AsftfCootrr? Pmwiil
NOVEMBER 7, 1833.
1)*!
' Cm
r, ]Mtr Annum; for * months W
ip--*, 3 per A'lntmi; for6 mouth*, $3.
(••avam.c IS ADVAKC*.)
jVrrt A*teHi*m*U, epf»Ui
(O* O.Tteo *t thn corner oTBijr «n 1 Bull-streets, over
Mr. J. B. Guidry's Store.
rrp«r>l that the whole ortho*© payment* had
been mtdc ©ithnracotrirary to Uw, or required
form*, or that they were unsupported by suffi-
c ent evidence. ^
11 ijr before the Lc|i«lature for die exercise of.
it* paftioning power, ,tho case* of two convict^
for inhrJcr, to whom reprieves have been grunt
ed.
_ would avail invsclf of the, present, •• » fit op*
portunitv for earnestly recommending to the Lc
gislutttre, so -to modify the law defining tmtrder.
and presrrihitur it* pttuiiiHment. n* to make «
I \tfe portion of the offences which are by the de
cbtonsof onr Court*, deiermitted lobe murder,
ami ntittidiahle with death, subject to a different
ministimetri. Pardon* have been *o uniformly*
tor a long time, granted to convict* for murder,
whose guilt has been unattended by circumstan
ce* of great atrocity, as to prove conclusively,
tli.it Home other mean* than more sentence* ot
h wiping mint be provided, to secure society a-
gainst such crime*. It is submitted to the wU-
of iho Banka nhows the *light Control which the Croat to complete the building in tho style and no-
obligation to perforin their contract* ha* over cording to the plan on which it wn coawwed,.
terials in every school district; tho p
From tS* MiUedgtu'JU Recorder, N<n. 5.
Yesterday* at lOq’clock, the legislature of
l Georgia commenced its annua! session, according
to the Contitfition.
Mr. Echol*, of Walton, waa elected President
of the Senate, and Mr. Day, of Jones, Speaker
of the Ilonse. Mr. David J. Bailey was elect tl
Secretary of tho Senate, and Mr. Joseph Stttrge*
Clerk of the House.
Bailey, no opposition. For Clerk to the House
Sturges received 110—L. Lstaste H.
At 1-i o’clock to-day, tlie Governor transmitted
to both Branches of the figiriiture, by hit Secre
tary, the following
1 riSS AGE.
• F.XrCCTtVE Dzcahtmext, Ga., j
Milleihrex itlee, Nov. 5th, 1630. )
Feilme CUiirn* vflU ixzaU
and House of RepreeentmtiM t
Assembled together os the rulers of a people,to
pm Uws for their government, it is an appropri
ate act of duty to acknowledge our dependence
upon the Sovereign Ruler and Law-giver of the
universe, and to ask Unit he will so guide Uie pub
lic councils as to secure the happiness of the gov
erned.
In accordance with established usage, I proceed
to give vou un accouut of the cotirre which has
begn pursued hy the Executive Department dur
ing the past year, in discharging its various duties;
and to recommend to the Legislature the meas
ures of public policy which experience or roHec,
tion may suggest aa btet'fealculntcd to advouce the
tion may suggest
public interest.
The Militia of the State, imder the command
of Gen. Floyd, who trip* employed at the time of
your l^t session In pMNng the inhabitant* of
the counties adjoining Florida, succeeded by their
couri;mtaetivitr and tottfage in driving the Indians
from the Okefcuokee Swamp, ami their other
fkstnesses, so effectually that the endangered part
of the country haa remained in security ever since.
The ect pawed at roar last session to provide
for the payment of Uie Militia who were called
into the service of tho State during the year 1836,
to repel the invasion of the iudian* from Florida,
bos been carried into execution hv this Depart
ment, as fully as possible. The appropriation of
fifty thousand dottars proved insuiheieut to satisfy
all the claim* arising under it. „ Two companies
of Lowndeacounty remain unpaid, and the ac-
coijiit-for tl* .applies furnished all the Compa
nies who were in service in tliat county. The
report of Col. King, the Commissioner appoint
ed under the ect. Will show the manner in which
tlo appropriation feu been expen Jed, and the
probable amount of it* deficiency.
I regret to. inform the Mpdature that the De
partment has failed in III efforts to procure from
the United States Government the repayment of
the fifty Lboumed dollars which has been thus ad
vanced fcr tho Stain, or the sum which is yet due
to the militia for their services and expenditures.
When the application was first made to the Se
cretary of War, to pay the militia, the answer re
ceived was, that the restrictive tertns of the law
then in force, making appropriations for the sup
pression of Indian hostilities, did uot admit of tne
payment of such troops, and that llie authority for
tiiet purpose must be given by a special act of
Congress' Tuc Prc-tdcnr and Secretary of War
failed, however, to bring Uie subject to the view
of Congress, at the opening of its session; and
although it was afrerwards brought before Con-
gressby Uie delegation from this State, no such
spocial act was passed ; neiUior was the general
act making appropriation? for the *uppre**ion of
Indian hostilities, so drawn np as to avoid the
difficulty which had occurred under Uie previous
law , or to provide in any oUicr manner for ma
king the required payments. Taut this State has
just reason to complain of Uie conduct of the au
thorities of Uie Unit'd States, is evideut Tom Uie
facts, that before the Suto ordered any troop*
into its service, Gen. Jesup, then comuiuutimg
in Floridu, was informed of Uie dinger waicn
threatened the i a.iabiunts of Uie counties adjoin
ing that Tern o.*y: That he promised to afford
them protection: That when tne Indian* entered
. the Ukeletiokec Swamp, soon Lroreuficr, in sutfi-
cient force to endanger tne whole of tiro neigh
boring population, no means had beeu provided
hy Gen. Jump, or ouy other officer of the United
States, to repel them: Thai thu emergency ren
dered it in.ti*peu*ible that Uie militia of Uie
State should be called out for that purpose: That
information of tije invasion of Uie State hy the
Jndiansfroui Florida w.w iintncdiulely coiuuitini-
ted officially to the President of tiie 17filled Stale*,
Secretary of War, and to GVn. lay lor, (who nod
a short time before Mttcceedeu lo Gen. Jessup'*
comm jii.I, io Florida,) wiLi a pressing r ill for as
sistance and protection: That uo greater force
was called out by tne authorities of Lie Suite man
the extent of Uie dauber required, nor retained in
service longer titan was ueces*aiy: Tint me Gen
eral Government is boiinJ hy tne Constitution io
protect the States agamat invasion, and Uiul it is
its practice to pay me uuiitia of tne State* lor per
forming but service wnenover.it could not nave
be *n periormed ny mp troops of the U, Suites.
In pursii.ince'Oi'ot.ier provisions of tho umo
net already reierred to, Augustin II. 11.nisei, b*q.
w.h appointed u Uuuiuiuiioner to audit tne
claim* arising' under it in tne Cnerokee counties
and middle Georgia, and Win. S. Rockwell, ivs j.
f Jonimi-sioner lor the counties West of the Me-
• inuigee river au J SoitLi of me ro.td leading from
Milled^.eville lo Columbus. The Commissioner*
found great ditticulty in auditing the claim* pro
Muted to tiiem, os did bus Department m ul;ow<
inj to uieiu os "just and well founded." None
had in their reception any lien upon urn Treasu
ry of me Suite us having been created under um
authority ol i .* laws, or in accordance wim any
general principle rendering it obligatory upon Uie
State to nay Uiem, and could lacrelbre uiny uo de
termined hy Uie siric. letter of the law which di
rected their settlement. . Copies of the report of
the Commissioners are laid before Uie legislature,
imi wdl h.io.v in want manner they have dis
charged the ditty iurigued thuiii.
Thu Legislature was informed ut its lust session,
tin: (lie accounts again u Lie United Slates, for
payments tu uie by bus State, to its militia and vol
unteers, under the acts of J8.ki and JSJ7, hud
been presented to the War Department lor reiin-
bu/seiuint, uccouipuuied With u request mat they
should be pissed upon as soon as possible; an J
that t to Senators mi l ilepreaetitauves from this
State iu Congress, hud also been requested tons-
“‘ t portion of tiiesu uccoiitit* would bo
far Dcputtment, nn.l to apply to Con-
passive of u special law, to author
ise the payment of toe remainder.
Those accounts were placed in the po.?gm*ion
of tho Secretary ol* War, for adjustment in Uie
mouth of June. 1836. In the month of January,
thereafter, laving received no itt&riit.itien Unit
any pro*;re*.< had been mudoin tueirseUteiuuuuw,
and peu;eiviug thut the subject had not beeu
brought before Congress, tho uttemiou of tlie Se
cret iry of .War auT the Delegation, was again
culled to it. Ne:ir tho close of tlie session, uti l
when it was too iatu for tlie Delogutiou to attempt
to obtain tiie pacugo of u law by Congress, to re-
i ubu'se the Statu for the payments tu uie liy it,
ic accounting otfieerx of tho War Department,
doth or the Legist dure, to determine whether the
object of the proposed ultendiott of the Lnw,%ill
t»e best effected by creating two distinct crimes of
the arts which are now included in the.definition
of murder, d stinznishitif them by thecircutnstin-
c .*i attendant upon their different degree* of guilt,
and making tho offence of the least degree, punish-
tide, by confinement in tlie Penitentiary—and the
hi < fieri with death; or by leaving it to the discre
tion of the Jtldze, before whom convic ion* for
umrder may take place, to pit** sentence of death
ort'ourinomcnt in tiie Penitentiary.accordingly m
the guilt of n convict may be at:etided by circum-
*t uice* *of alleviation or aggravation.
In obedience to tlie requirement of the Leg'ir-
hture, the Board of Commissioner* of the West
ern and Atlantic Uail Road proceeded to examine
the country on the Tennessee river, with the
view of ascertaining the most eligible tenumnstf
fie road for securing the advantage* of the trade
with the West. This examination resulted in
their fixiug upon Ross' Landing as thaADtnuiiMS
The selection has been concurred illy the I x
ecutive Department.
One hun Ired utiles of the grading on I tnaso: •
ry of the Rail Road is now edinplrt ad. except a
sms!! di-Ltrre where itftstjtwif.l diifienllies nave
fcesn met with, which will soon he overcome.
The remainder of tlie road would have been put
unJercontract for construction before this time,
but for tiie want of funis.
The entire cost of the road np to the 1st of Oc
tober last, lm* been one million three Imudred
and twentv thousand one hundred and forty-eight
1*1-100 dollars. Of this *uui%bout one million
and seventy thou*atul dollars have been obtained
through tho’ Central U ink, and by tho sale or
ple-lge of thu stock is*usd under tiie act* of 1837
and 1838, leaving a balance of upward* of two
hun trod aud titty tuottsand dollars, due to.the
fbntructor* and other persons ill the employiqent
of tlie Coiiiniittionort. Tiie payiueut of tins
last *um, together with what lias become due the
contractu « siuce the first of October, ought lobe
provided for immediately by the Legislature.
The uiiiitlil report of the Board of Commis
sioners to the Legislature, will show the liability
of the State for slock sold, for money advanced
upon the pledge of stock, and for interest which
may become due upon those sums. Tiie great
euibsrrssnient in the money market of thiscouti
them, and the probability that they will use the
ortiortuuUy wnich tho Nunnetiftlotr give* them,
of maVm4 profit from it. nnlet* restminrd hy ef-
(blent law*. Whilst, therefore, I wo tW recom
mend that all tiro Batiks should he permitted to-,
retain their-charter*, whose report* show that
their busiuM has been conducted with onlinary
caution, and regant for the rights of the pnSlio.'
I deem it very important tlwt the I^*gi*wtitn»
sh'utld impose such conditions upon them a*
wilt prevent their makiug excessive issues; specu-
sting in cotton or other pro3u tiotH; or selling
pceie ;su I fores them to resume specie piY® »nt*
h soon a* the present emb irressmsat iu the
money market in those countries with which wo
h tvejcotnmercialdealing*, shall have passed a wav.
—They should he required lo.inixe quarterly
•reports to thn Governor, allowing their condition,
an l exhibiting the amount of their liabilities,
an I the specie in their vault*. The c on met of
severed Bank* during their previous suspension
and since, prove* the propriety of subjecting
them to Increased penalties for ’issuing change
bill* or note* under five dollar*; and of com-
S ailing them, hy the same means, to pay their
ve dollar notes in specie, when presented lo
them for payment in small amount*. ’
The Bank of Darien and tiie Bank of Rome
s i «pen Jed specie payments, an J stopped dis
counting in tiie eorty part of the year. The
loss which lias been sustained by, in*Jiv idti d* and
tho public from tho depreciation of the hills of
these hank*, render it tiie duty of tiie State to.en
quire into the cause of their laiture, that such rein-
•‘dic.ftniay be nj'p’ie t a* will guard the community
from similar looses hereafter. A\ tiro failures ol
fie Daren Bank have most pfoludilv ifroceeded
from it* having been inthe hatirlsof Directors ap
pointed by the Side, who have had little or no
i itorest in its safe and profitable management, I
wo lid r 'common l either that the charter ol tiie
hank be forfeited, or hit tho S ate dispose of a
po lion of it* stock, so ns to place the direction
otfw Bulk n the hand* of thu «e who will haven
strong at hvidual interest in con luctittg it proper*
So pereott* have vnaviilwl themselves of
the privilege granted hy law, passed at your last
e oion, lo all the cititon* oftlro State, to establish
itanks. This result i< fortunate for tlie country,
as it is very certain, that if any hunks had gone
in o operation under the law, they would only
have increased the demngeniontOT die currency
and inonicd cuih irnissiiicnt: and because it give*
to t ic legislature an oppor uu ty of repealing
tlie law, be fine any right* are acquired under it.
A* louj a* the currency of the couutry is in bank
notes, its proper regulation is of so much impor
tance to tvery individual and the public, that the
State, ought to retain sufficient power over it to
protecttiie community from it abuse*. The Legis
lature should ascertain what amount of capital it
required to furnish the crrcul iiiitq-medium, suf
ficient for the purposes of trade; where *iich cepi-
t d on gut to Iw employed; and 16 grant, the pri
vilege of using it to such perrons, and upon such
’conditions as would he*t secure a sound curron
the Committee who had the superintendence of
it* erection, borrowed (Yum tiro Central Bank,
upon thoir own credit, the sum of three thousand
two hunJred and thirteen dollare to supply the de
ficiency. Tlie public spirit which induced* the
Committee to incur this responsibility, entitles
them to be relieved hy the Legislature lit tho sauio
spirit. An enclooiru and out in
c r-
Bank charters are not intended for the exclu
sive benefit of tiro stockholders, but to advance
t ro wealth a id prosperity of all. The tendency
and t
ishobn, of StwlMouSSSSjE : >•
n Wligiou., r Tlie nproi<ihr Tor , —
mcraua off IntajurUdiciion, i„ „ r ,i, r 5*. “"•prom.,,,,
lyiehei*, bf 5lo f
try and Europe, and t;ie low price to which Su o ; of the guicrll B diking Lo .v, 14 to induce those
stocks have t.iUeu, render it impossible lor-the
8tate to raise money upon credit. The legisla
ture must therefore determine by wluit other
means it will provide tiro funds necessary for ex
ecuting its great work of internal improvement.
Although the failure of the Htate s atteat fa
sell stock may increuse tiie amount which must be
provided at once for carrying on the construction
of the road, yet thii circuoialance neither add* :o
its final cost, nor lessens iu advantages when it
shall be completed. The indisposition of tiro Le
gislature to iiuposo heavy and uuiuuat taxes up
on tiro people: the large demands which must be
made upon he tro-uury for other pureo 1
ring tiie present year; and the deranged s
;>oscs du-
# . - _ state of
tiro finances, have created an upprenetision lest
the road shall be abandoned altogether. Great
as the dilfi:nlty will be in fin litig means for con-
sbucting Lie rood, this epprehemma cannot but
prove needless, when it is considered that ^1,3‘JO-
148 lOh ivk already been expended in it* con
struction, whk j will bn lostcut.rely to tiro State, if
it shall be abandoned: Tint tiio tine of tiro road
is the cheapest an l shortest practic ddo route hy
wjiicb the tV’e-taml tiouthwestcan be connected
with tiie Atlantic: aud that its great cost wdl there
fore create an addition d security tliat it will enjoy
the monopoly of iu advantages: Tint it is due
to her enrerpVwing citizens who are con'trusting
the Georgia. Central and Monroe Ril Roods, that
the gtate.should finish the Western and Atlantic
Kuil Road: That, as tiro Government of tiro 8 tile
holds the political opinion tliat the General Gov
ernment lias no constitution d power to make in
ternal improvements within tiro 8tate, it owes it to
itself nn I tiro otiror members of tiro Union, to exe
cute a work necessary for tiie prosperit y of sever
al, and advantageous to ull, and which none call
execute but Georgia: Tliat the rood will furnisii
tiro only means by which the heavy and valuable
production* of tlie Cherokee counties cun reach n
profitable in irkel: Tho! it will connect the Slate
with one oftlro most extended/ fertile couidrivs
in tiro world, so a* to introduce’ into every part of
it supplies of the firqt necessity, nt all times and in
any quantity which may he demanded: That it
will give toonrqitie* a large export tndc in tho
productions of tiro Western 'an l .6ouihwe*;ern
.States, aurl an equally beneficial trade .n supply
ing their home consumption t That it must be
come the great thoroughfare fortravclliiu between
tiie Southwest aud the Atlantic: Tliat it will
strengtiron the bonds if .he Union: add to tlie
mean* of mutual defence and protection among
tiie Htate; elevate, the character of the Htate; nil-
vapeeit* geneftil pto -perify, and retain within it
Lie population and wealth which would otherwise
fmmoitcto other Htate*.
tf, however, the lAtgiirhtnn fhould consider tiio
fiinuce* to be in such a coalition a-t to forbid tiro
continuance oft lie road by funds to be drawn from
tixutiui], I would recommend tliat tiie Legislature
authorize the Board ofCoinmissioneni to accept of
tiro proposal which has been nude by tiro contrac
tors now at work 011 the toad, to receive six per
cent stock of tiro State in paymeut for iu contrite-
non to Ross’Landing.
A copy of the correspondence of this Depart
ment Willi tiro Chief Engineer, upon tilts sutij^rt,
and ol tiro proposal on the part of tho contractors,
i* laid before you. If Lie Legislature should deter
mine upon ucceptiu^ tlie terms offered hy the con
tractors, I would advise that it he done us soon ns
poH-tible, so tliat they may Iro notified of it by the
time tliat their pretent coutrocU shall he complet
ed.
Reports have been received from nil tiie Banks
in tiro Htate, showing their fonditijM on tiro first of
Octolror last. These reports are so numerous and
exteuded that copies could not he made out to ac
company this iiroscige. They are filled in the
Executive Office subject to the disposition oftlro
Legislature.
The late suspension of specie payment* by
most of tiro hanks,affects so generally and to niicii
nn extent.tlro interest of tiro whole community, 11*
to coll for tiro decided inteifcrence of tiro Legisla
ture,to prevent tiro injunoii * consequences which
may follow from it. Tiro preceding *ti <peu*on
olVpeeie payments by the Banks, found iujustfi-
cation ill the extreme necessity whic.i was creat
ed by 4|l>dddeu revulsion, iu trade, nud gefifral
loss of Mfftfdciico in commercial transactions,
which succeeded immediately lifter the excessive
issues of tiie Banks,^which had been called for by
overtrading, on the part of the merchants extra
vagant purchases upon credit, and living beyond
thoir means, by the people, mid the spirit of
speculation which pervaded tho whole country.
It gave to the IJ.,nk.ft the means of affording the
■usual facilities for business, and at the same* time
of gradually curtailing their discounts, *0 as again
to resume specie payment* without great pros-'
sure upon tueir debtor*, aud to the opportunity of
making payments liv time, industry & economy,
without the ruin which would have been the con-
sequence to nanny, of forced collections iminedi-
utcly after the premura took p a e. The present
suspension lias beeu unde under very different
circuuistanccs; and if permitted to go unnoticed,'
hy the Legislature, will tend to‘ produce an in
security and vucillutfou iu Bank issue* and credit
atiecting mojt injuriously tiro relation of debtor
and creditor, aud the general wealth and pros
perity of tiro community- Tiro conduct of many
who have no money, ore largely indebted, and
those who are employed in extmwive speculation
lo engage in making money, or what passes for
it a* an easier and more rapid means of acqui
ring it, than by Isoor. A.tiro t pt the Uw as pas-
*ed, contained pro vis on*, which for the time
huve prevented tlicjrountry from tieuifl flooded
with irredeemable buuk bills, y et its policy is be
lieved tojic lorn: led 11^error, iq considering land
and uegroc* noclter security for • circulating
paper medium, than gold uud silver: and that ull
poison* owning such property, ought not only
10 have the right of ming it, enjoying its profit* &
>ejlmg it for M vulu-,butthe privilege of deprecia
ting or all*, cling me value of -every ouror per
sons property, by putting*in’6 general circulation
bank bills, to pass tor money. The great mistake
in thia matter consist* in providing for the even
tual redemption of hack, notes, rather than for
their comiuued circulation) wipiout depreciation;
and for the benefit of the l-isier* of bauk notes,
ramer tiiau tiro interest of tiro whole community.
Lind and negroes are unfit instruments for carry•
iiigon the business of barter and exchange, or lor
being made the basis for is-mes of bank notes, be-
cause they cannot b j exchanged into money at
tiro will of tiro holders or as the necessities of
commerce in ly require. Tiro rich may profit
by.lutul uud negmei, being tile basis for the issua
of banks which fail, but a large portion of the
holders of the notes of such banks, must part
with them nt auy rate of dopreebton. If, however
the Le/islature mIioiiIcI continue oftlro opinion
tint Lie business oi banking may iro left o regu
late itself under the restriction* imposed upon] t by
ihc general law upon that subject, those restric
tions ought to Iro increased by requiring that
bunking companies shall cou-oat of u sufficient
n nnber 01 stockholders, und tiro .-lock held by each
iro so liui ted a* to prevent Lie bunks liom fulling
under tiro conh 0! of individuals, or of lew persona
mid thereby secure taetu from being directed tO
spccubuvu or lr-iuduient purposes.
tn compliance with tiro Resolution of the Le-
41* a ure,Joh!i.Mcifiier*on tier.iuu,Win. W. Hon
uud Ab* tlom II. Clmppel, Eh ire, have been up-
pu n id cmnint-sioiiers to arraugo.uud digest <1
system of finance for tne Slate: Tlterr repor. will
be luaile to you ut un early day. 'Die lygh qualifi-
catioii* of ti’ie-ro gentlemen lor tiro duty imposed
upon than, tiro labor w!;.ch Ji.m been employed
in iu performance, and tiro importance of its sub
ject, wtil entitle the.r report tn great consider.*-
ton.
William Liw, Joseph Henry Lumpkin mid
David C.CampIroll, Es< k r •. hive been uppointcri
couiuiisMioners lo itives.igu.e tue .-claims of Trez*
eyant, Gulphin and Klaot. The result of their
investigation* will he reported directly to tiro Lift
gislature, and wi 1, it is to Iro expected, produce -
final disposition ot those cl tiius.
In pursuance ol* the uuihofdy given this De
partment. Charles Dougherty*and Jus. A. Mem-
wether, Esqi*. have been employed uscounsui to
defend tiro -.ctiom pending nt ,tiie Huperior Court
ot Ifatrorshdiu county, iu favor of tiro heirs ofeer-
tain Indian reservees, against the grantees of the
Htate or t.rose who hold under tbeui. The Legis
lature is referred to tiro report ol those gentlemen
for Mflornutrou upon the •ubje'gof tlicse suits.
I refer tiro Legislutmo lo jt^ correspondence
between this Dep.miueiit unfi tiro Governor aud
Commissioner* of tiro Htate ofAiabuuui, lor inior-
uiation iu relation to a proposition uiatie by tiro
Governor of Ataouina, to run-jigaiu tiro line be
tween tiro two .States, ill conjunction with tiro uit
tiioritics oftiiis Htate. | , v
Itraiuiuitto each Branch oftlro legislature,,
list oftlro Executive watraiiU signed during the
past voar, nud of oificers apponijod by tiro hxecu
live during tho same tune. j[
The proceedings of tiro Irogislature of sevend
of tiie Htales, upon subjects o! supposed cotniiiou
interest to uJj tiro States urejaul Itvibre you, ut
tiieir request.
Brigadier Gencru! Zachuriah White’s coiiiiniuid
!ios become vacant,by his removal from the Htate.
1 lay before tiro Legislature, JcOp'ro* oftlro cor
respondence between tiiis Department and Col,
Asu Bides, the contractor for improving (tie nav
igation oftlro ChaUnhooclice Rwr.from the city 01
Columbus to tiro Flor.d-i line, and the Miiperfu
lendeni, Uenjuiuin V. Iverson, Esq.; with copies
of tiieir accounts .iguinsttbu Htate.. These papers
*uli*licd Lie Dt'partiueui find life sum of $35,000,
which It id been received from the Htate, by Cot.
Bates, greatly exc-edud what lie was uutdled to
for his service*. They will also sho w tlieditiicul-
ty whit h occurred in uacerluiuiiig what ought to
Iro paid to t.ro superintendent.* They are refer
red to tiro legislature, that such delcrmiu ttion
WW beJind upon tlieTh, usnjust, regard ior the
public interest, uiul tiro rigills of tlfo qontractor and
superintendent, may require.
spirit. Au oncloetre anl out hoii«qft correspond
ing in stylo with tlie priitfip d b.tildlug, remain to
bo erected. , .
Tlie limits of tho districts within which Just.ce«
oftlro IVace exercise th-ir regular Jurisdictioii,
and Captains of Militia their ro.u.nanjs, are by
the laws now in force subject to tiro control of the
Regimental Courts of Inquiry. Thu militia ol
tiro State is so disorganized at present tlmt it would
be a matter of some convenience both to the Peo
ple an I thu Executive Department, if this power
were takun from tho military Court* and given lo
thn Inferior Courts of the Counties.
No.withfttanJing tiie efforts of the Department
to collect into tho Arsenti at this place llie public
arms which uro scattered over the country,a great
litany yet remain hi the possession of individuals,
whetothdy are becoming useless by want of care,
or are useil aud disposed of as private property.
The evil i* sufficiently extensive to authorize tiie
Legislature to compel, by poll'll enact nont, those
who may havo public nnnft in their hands, to de
liver them up to some designated officer.
The *t ite in which the public arms were found,
which have been collected inlo the Arscnul, ren
dered it irocessi.y tint considerable expense
should bo incurred inclcaninj and repairing uroui,
to preserve them lit for public use.
In executing the act passed at)onr I a*, session,
directing this Department to have sold such oftlro
public arms as 1111 |lit be doeurod iiimecessury to
retain, an order was issued to the Military Store-
keepers to select and sell, according to the terms
of thu act, tho usoIuh* nrius under their cure.
Tiro reports of the Military Htoro-kcepers, co
pies of which are laid before tiro two Houses, will
show tho manner in which that act has been car
ried into effect; mi l tho condition of the public
arms ill each of tiro Arsen da.
The appropriation of ten tlioucmd dollars for a
geological survey of the Htate, will be expended
Mdoratlio end of tiro present year. It will Iro
iiecesiary thaton addition il appropriation shall he
made, ij'itDthe purporo-ol the Irogidalore to
contitiuu Uro operation-* of li e Geologist until an
entire survey oftlro Htate shall Iro completed.
Tiro building which is now being erected for n
Lundie Asylum, will be completed before your
next se«sion, and ready for the reception of the
ill >ane. I would call the attention of thu Legial 1
turu to tiro tiecusaity of preiuribiugtiiu rules upon
which it* iimiuie* *uUI bo relived; adopting pro
per regulations for the government of the Institu
non ; appointing a Board of Trustee* for ita su
poniiteiideiice uud inspection, and a Pliyaiciaq for
IU edteal direction. •
There are at present one hundred and sixty con
vict* in Liu reiiden ary. Tuts number is too large
to bo employed within tbo present building, or to
iiduiit ol Lie convicts being subjected to solitary
confinement, Uro nutn'rorol cells now erected be
ing only one huudredond fifty.
Tiro Principal Keeper, his assistants, and tlie
Board ol Inspector*, have discharged tiro duriua 01
tiieir reqiectivc office* iuu manner which has se
cured lor the Institution os successful m.nige-
ment ns can be given to it under the laws w.ucii at
presold control it. There have bcun no disturb
ances among tiro prisoners during the past year,
but one escape, onJ the atnouut of labor of the
the couvicta nas exceeded iu value tiiatofauy pre
vious year, upwards of eight toousand dodars.
But 110 efforts oftlro olliccrs, however well direct-
oil. can make tiie fustitntion what it ought to be. a
.error to e* il doer-*, and the means of reforming
criinuid* witnout .lie aid of u well regulated po
lice. It is especially necessary Unit tiro uitrestraiii*
cd daily communication which is novy permitted
among the convicts, should be prohibited —uud
that a separate building suould oe ejected tor the
reception oiTuiiiate convicts.
Upon tiro subject of the reforms which nro ne
cessary in tiro government of the Penitentiary, tiro
I j»gi*latura is re*|»ccuiillv referred to the reports
o.tiro Board of In’qiectors, and oftlro Coaiiiiittce
oftlro Legislature.
I would respectfully rvcoinmeti-l tiro repeal or
mqdilication 01 Ue law passed at your last sessiou,
to promote tho culture of silk. From enquiries
ma le by tins department, it it is boeu uscert dued,
mat tiro premium of ti ty cents oti’ered by that lavyj
for each ponuJofsilk cocoon*, raised in Lie HUtc,]
is twice the sum of tiieir value; so that the produ
eeriq receiving tiro premium, will receive certain
ly twice tiro viuuu Ibr cocoon*, and I blue times, il
they can find a market for them. The extended!
plantings of tiro moms mullicaulis mulberry tree,
which li is Iruudy been 111 ulu m tills HLde; tliul
facility with which it can ho rapidly propagated;
ita quick growth uud early fitness lor feeding the
silk worm; and the ease \tiih which any quantity*
oftlro silk worms may ho ohtqined; render I
highly probable Unit a sittlU'ient quantity ofsilk cel
cooti* will |ro raised, entitled to premiums, to ex-
naust tiro Trej»ury in a few year*. _ There ran lie {
out little doubt thut tins wdl Iro the cose, if our c.i-
mute, soil, uud cheap lands, admit of the applica
tion oftiinorto the cultivation of die mulberry tree,
and raising silk cocoons, so ms to derive tiicrelroin
tne ordinary profit*, received Irout oLier euip.oy
Aunt*. Il not, then nil the premiums which suuil
have been paid, will he so iiiucu pubfle money
inrown away. A* tiro law gives an implied pledge
tliat tiro premium shall Iro paid tor ten^ears, regaid
ior Uro puulic lir.tii, as \1A1I as tho public interest,
require* thut if it is to lie repoulod or modified
wiLiiii the ten years,’ it be done ut once, nud before
■very extensive obligation* «hall have been incur
red lo our citizens under it, or large amount* of
tiro public money paid away.
Besides these objection* to the particular pro
vision* oftlro law, uro policy in winch it is round
ed is itself very questionable. Tue people of turn
uro mo keenly alive lo their own intercut* j mo liitle
under the influence of long continued usage*;
and change from one employment to unotiier so
readily; thut tiro interference el L.e Government
in giving a forced direction to their labor hy boun
ties, can scarcely Iro justified iu any instance wind
ever. As tiie raising of silk cocoons require*
neitlror extraordinary capital nor skill; no* iroen
Know it to tiro people of tiiis Htate from its first
coiouial settlement; is designed to Hlipply the de
mands of luxury und not of necessity, uud there
fore only encouraged by tlie Htate lo enlarge the
sources of profit: lucre is no stronger iuducuiiicut
for ns encouragement hy bounty, tli.in any other
proditclio.t which the legislature may bu of ti.e
opinion can be raised with udvanbtgc.
If tiro Legislature should Iro oftlro opinion,how
ever, that tiro law is founded iii sound policy, mid
ought to be continued m force, 1 would recom
mend that it Iro ho modified, us to .uke oil tiro
iruiiiity now ullowcd upon silk cocoons, uud in
crease tliutullowcd upon silk, nud especially upon
raw or reeled silk. Frauds are ho easily commit*
ted in weighing cocoons that they cannot he pre
vented. Tm re is besides no object to be clfectcd
by encouraging tin. raining ol cocoon* at present,
us lliero is no sulficieiit market for their sale in tiro
United Hiatcs, and because they cunnot bu sent
abroad 011 urcoiiut of tiieir great bulk in propor
tion to tiieir N.ilq.*; tiro injury (folio tiiem oy coin-
prcsftiou; iuiJ their liability to decay when expos-
ad to tliu damp of tho ocuun. Raw silk, on tuo
coii,rary, finds a ready market to any aiiioiiutin
England or France, and i* so light in proportion to
ns value, as to ho sent uhroinl nt very little c\-
peiifte. If silk is to lie m ule in this Htate in suili-
cront quantities to In come ouu of it* stnplo p;o-
dmnioiH, it will most probably Iro iu the loruiof
raw Niik, and, therefore, enrourugeinent sliould
bo given to it in that form, if at all.
No distribution lias been nude during thu past
year of the fun 1* appropriated by tiro uct* of 183/
bruuthl lo tlm ttttniion of lh,"t*,v-HM
trnvlou, oouim inlojlloni.
nand, mcraaSnt imporuinc.
uuintniil or lh.WrSr w 5 t ? ,d 'f t
liouoftii* Htate, and tlm* M i
HaiiAii C... 9 O
caUou forT&aii, r«oinm,ndin,u,,L
them a library tnr the use gf nil the scholar^ 0 (*
books calculated to imprcM upon tiiem
moral and practical truth-*; und the ii
t.ro mttnlror and qu 1 tlilicatiom of tho tnne! . w9
providing certain and sufficient public frauds to
effect that purpose. Avery slitht exam: 11 ition of
the Acta of 1837 and 1838, will ihow, that these
objects are not provided for id all, or very inade
quately, by tiro propotolsystem. TnesotlWs di
rect that tue trustees of the achool district* shall
locate am! superintend the erection of suitable
school houses iu their respective districts; Imt
expre*dy prohibit their uring the achool fund for
tliat purpose; no books can ne tmrehosed except
want nmy be noccmnry for the children whose pa
rent* are unulilo to supply them; although tho
Htuto could perhaps In no way advance the cause
of education more efficiently than by causing the
highly improved class books which have lately
Iroen’ published in tiiiffnntitry. to he placed in the w
hands of ovary child. Neither does the system position of dm present statu olW ft®
provide adequate foods to procure the uecesiiry and attempting to show how.|£ ? iXff'Si
supply of onidtfied teaclror*. The academic and ey which have been receiisrf
poor school funds an l the mterest derived from
oue-lliird of tho surplus revenue recoited front
tiie United States, m ike up the entire sum ap
propriated for the support of tiie general system
of education, and inay be ronridered equal to
sixty timuranJ dollars per nniutin. Tho low in
tend* that this Mum shall be *0 expended as to ox*
tend tue advantages of education equ illy to nil
t.e children of the State. The extent of the
State i* equal to sixty tlioti*nttd tfpnre mile*, so
thut if thure should oe a school hi each sixteen
miles, as there mud be to briny a school house
within roach of all tiie children, tiro whole su n
applicable to tiie payment of the teachers of each
sjIiooI, will bo sixtecu dollars, including in tliat
sura
wlnt may Iro necessary for purchasing books
and stilionary for the poor childrei).
Another view limy perhaps present tlio subject
in n yot dearer liglit. The whole number of
c ulureii between the ages of five and fifreen, he-
i ig those who are entitled to the honefit* of |)m
■ /stem, exceed one hundred and six thousand.—
An eqnl expenditure of tiro sixty thousand dollars
among them, will allow somowlmt more than fifty
c )nls to Iro applied to the education of each child.
\Vhni. therefore, from tkismiiu of ttr ceni
e ich Hchol.tr. or sixteen dollirs for eXh schi
deducted wliatfimy be nucuftsury to supply tiro
poor children with boohs and stationery, what
iuiv remain undrawn from the Treasury, and that
wh c!» may Iro misapplied or not applied at all by
ngentft, it will pcarcely lie necessary to estimate
tiie sum which will remain of the sixty thousand
dollars, to show its entire inadequacy to pay teach
ers for all tiie school district*, and to educate all
thu children in the State. It is truo that the law
provides that in aid oftlro friiid* which have been
appropriated, th ) trustees of the school districts
tn iv%iii*e money bp voluntary subscriptions, and
that the Inferior’ Courts of the counties may levy
n tax. But thut system i* no syalom ut ull which
depend* upon voliniLiiy assistance to sustain it.
Iu operations must Iro too uncertain aud varrob'o
to bo relied upon for any valuable purpose what
ever. ' In nduition to thesu defects of Uie system,
it may lie added, tiiat tiie expenditure of tiro
school funds as directed hr it will Iro very tine-
qml. It) all tlie populous and wealthy d'istricis
und counties, whore school houses will be erected,
teacher* employed, ati'l children taught whothcr
a ly aid is received from tiro public funds or noL
the proportion of the school fund to which such
contrite* and districts tuny be enti led, w.ll bo re
ceived and expen led. whilst the sparsely popula
te J and poor district* and, co uitte*, and where
school* are not supported at preiroui. will rccehe
untiling; beenuso their proportion of the school
fund will bo too Hin di to enable Ltetu to emplov
teachers or luahttain schooh. Entertaining t* e e
opinions of the inefficiency and inequality of tiro
general system of education by couimou schools,
I consider it my duty to recommend to tiro Logis-
la’ure, either to amend it so as ;o make it what it
pu p i.ti tn b *. or tn ahnn Ion it altosetiier.
THj lwo Houses will fin I in th» aevompan/ing
p iper* several acts and resolutions, passed , at ti.e
hist session ol* tlm Legislature, with tiro reasons
why tiroy were not signed or returned to the
House in which they originated.
‘ I regret to inform you tlinl tiro Irogishi'ure of
e Htate of Miiiuo h i* declined tnVn ? any meas
ure* to give ritiftfuctioii to this State, for tiro vio
lation of it* con*t : tntioual right*, hy the ri*final of
Governor Dunlap and Governor Kent to deliver
up to it* authorities upon tiieir demand tho fitgi-
live* from it* justice, I'hilbrook and Kellurun.—
You will perceive from th* proceedings of the
Lnn^ conlinuaSil IniilUi mu«t
forlha im|M>rfrct nm wr
m pmented lo the iT**
prevented b, Uie Mine can,, i><b
nniillnn ..fit, . . * ** !
ey which hive been reeeired lorrmhl?
frn'noUiereonree. of revenue I.
yoMywMHnl. eitiier by' «
improvident matngement, until thsfi!??*
only so exliaustcd that it U without
eemin, on Ihofirat sreot~Wwk >l> . ^
mrlerlnken hy Uie Store". boTiitoMif 5*
been contracted ol'niorc lion , /•■- '
jamepntentmvMlf wiRwlSS^Ht
lature, that whtl*t for •everil ycajViJf
uoin have been greater than the titJU *
pay . t ro general anna tl taxes, which i u 7 e
periy to the treariry.have been given SS
orretalk |«rtaVSJ*22
nor .nt to be renie»Sre.l. tlwt ®
yra od, by the protefl, in another
of threo hundred thoriMlJ rfoli.- ***
the Control Bank, under fie auUioritn?!
* ,la : ur »u«" d »Wcb the l.e*:,latSV
Uto Bonkfroin pivot, Whendtt, w4
Uvit it. mean., wild be applied too hoi
•Hie prerent rt.te of the (itnn-e,,
o'pn ibcrevontte ond eMenditiinthJ,,*’
adopted, are nkjeela of Uie hiXoEz
and demand, a. I tmd ther will riv~5!J
and earned attention orili. te.UuiLr^
UjBJhojn the Eiecntind,'
of tiro present i
I mint i
QF.OUGE R. (
SAVAWSAH7
THUII8PAY BVBNlRrifiiS
Legislature of Maine, atitsla.*tscsftion.that upon
reference to it of nil tiro document* in relation to
Mr. Howard, Uie agent wl;</fr*s sent to Eng
land to procure copies of the colonial record i, re-
luting io tho ea ly history of this Suite, has placed
in thu Executive office twenty-two manure)ipt
volume* a* the result of hi* Jubtr* fireut credit
is due to 3Ir. Ho vard for f. u iudu itry and per*e-
vormteo with which h” overcame tiro dillteulties
which hu met with in effecting tiro object of' his
mission.
The appropriation for building a bouse for the
roHtdcnco.ofthc Governor having proved insuffi-
and J838, io e4ttblt*h « general system of*educa
tion Iiy Common Schools, Tni* delay hus pro
ceeded from the axhuusted ‘.state of the 'Treasury
and Uie inability of tiro Central Bank lo udvunco
tiie uuioiint, except inthe bills of tiro Darien Bank
which tiie Treasurer refused to receive.
Whilst tiro general system of education is yet
inoperative, n suitable opportunity i*allbid *d tho
irogislature of again enquiring whether tiro menus
proponed lo be used bv it are calculated lo nn-
f.
swor the pud designed With u vlewitTsuch ait
euqqiry, it inny be proper to observe, that tiro pri
mary object* to bo uttaiuod in establishing such a
system, ure generally understood lo be Uro build-
■fortahlo
ing of comfortable school houses, of dureblo mo-
riiilhrook and Kelteran. it contented itself by rc
solving that the whole of tint subject was exclu
sively within the province of the Executive Dc.
nartmcnt.iind tint it wit* inexpedient f r tlie Legi*
Iittira to take any order in relation thereto, ttov
withstanding thut the Legislature had passed a law
at iu previous session, defining the power of the
Executive Department in arrestinv and delivering
up fugitive* from justice, from other States, and
evidently wit!i tiro vinv of jusulymg Govern: r
Dunlap in Iris previous refusal to deliver up
Philbrook aud Kelieran to the authorities of thro
^Stato.
* This conduct of the IrogisV.ure of Mainn and
the p.cvioitft conduct of Governor Dun an and
Governor Kent, pmvc conclusively that the op
position to tiie institution ofoluv’ery is *o great
nnio.ig tiio people of that Htate. that their pub
lic autiiorities are prevented from olroying tiro
inj 1 Dictions of tho Constitution of tho United
Htate*, when required to deliver up fugitive*
fi oin justice clmrgfil with the crime of violating
the right* of property in slaves. Tjps Slate
mist therefore protect hy its own authority ti e
rigliu of it* citizen* in slave propeity ugam-t th :
disposition ofthp peoplo .of Maine, to violate
them. For this purpose you will lie justil e I in
declaring by law that all citizens of.Maine wlo
iiiav come within tile jurisdiction of tina State,
onboard of any vessel n* ounce*, officers, or
iimriiiers, shall lie considered us doiifg so with
Fie intent to commit tiie crime ofsedttcing negro
slaves from their owner*, and Iro dealt with ac
cordingly by the officers ofjustice.
i have not called a Convention oftho people of
tiio Stile to tnke into corsideratiou thu cour e
they ought to pursue in maintainin'* their right*
m consequence of tiro refita! of Maine to t’o
tl om justice as directed by the resolutions of tiro
Legidature pn-sed at Its ses ion ofl 37 for the
reamn that tiro lrogiriaturc foiled to movlde for
tiro expen«es of such a convention and b .cause a
convention for unotiier object l.a I already been
called by Mho Legislutiiroand its proceedings
suhiiiitted to the people for io ideation.
Your attention is called to a law which
tew been passed by'the Legislature oftlro Htate
theatre.
; Onr Theatre was opened Imtnisfcu
direction ofMr.W. C. Kon.rj.u U
•canon, with the Comedy or ’s«, t_
"txl 'lio afterpiece c,f 7kr, Out Ti
tliat tn tvero ploand,would b, but Iriiv',
um. upon tho perform.
M. Credit in due for the order pm '
liottne; and in this pirtlctilnr, tntirhdi
tho encouragement to be obtained. Hi. f,
hra adopted a eonrae not recently
in, by having nn Orrhentnt iinnvilW,y
daya of Gu.ranr. We n idi him ■
iu every way deeerving of p
.portable company.
ITTTh, erpendilurr. of the 8ut«d
dining the Lin fiecal year, were(1714*8
The.cboul I mid amount, to (119,61
Uro bank m. ly fluid lo 73n
ILfJXOId.
Qov. Cani.iv, of lllinoin,hu iwnllii|
ntation, convoking an citraonliatij ■
the Lxgidnturn of that Htate, oath.,
day of December. Great intemb tffcl
ho ray., are involved, requiring ipn^l
Uw action.
"ANOTHER SUSPD'SI
Under thin head the Madimtt (la.) I
tlie 21.t nit., announce, that ibo -
tho Van Duran paper publidwdilfct)
followed tho example of Um Bub!
pended."
ol Now York, to nnliinri/.e tiie detention of fiigi-
I vi ■ from jiiHtiee ftrim other Btolea, and tlm Ter-
riorio. of the United Staten, a copy of whielithe
In'gidatnre of New York has emredto bo Iranr*
nmtod to tlm Gdyortior. of each of tl o Suitea,
in order diut nimilar law. may bo p e.eil liy all
tho Staten. Tiie copy received at thia Depart-
ment nccoinpariiosibj.riienoige. I aijw lay before
yencopieaorvary intiro.ting proccdinga of tiio
Lsgiilatnre of the State of South Carolina und
the .tote of New Jcrncy, in relation to the con*
Irnveray between thia atote uud tlie State of
.Maine,
# Tlm uinendmenta to the Con.tilutioii, which
wmro proponed totthe people forrutifkmtion,by the
late Convention, have lieen rejected by tiio mu.t
decided exprennion pf pitldic o| '
tlm Kecoiul limo tlmt tlm peoplo tmvo retnnen to
-unction tlm proceeding, of Cunvcn ion., Iielu
tit reform tlm Coiutiliilioutnnd.iii both inntnncea
Imve probably beeu induced to Ilia caurnapnr-
nued, by tiie helieftlmt llie uinendmenta ottered
for their approval, weru intended lor rectieual or
tciuponriy party purponca. Tliat lire proeeding.
of thene Couvoirttonn, aliould have Iroen liable ro
ntieli deciaivo objeetiotta in very mneli to be rogrdt-
teil.aince lire luuemlinenU to lire Constitution,
which they were called tn make, aroindiipcuaable
to tlie good gov-mtuum of tiro Slate. Tlie preaent
ntiuiburoftliemembera of the leginlature, must
be reduced, uud tho repreneutaliau of tlie peoplo
crpnlixcd, to secure to tiio country a wine, econo
mical, andjuit aynteni of publ.c policy. From
wlmtcvor cauao the failures to ninemi tho Con
notation limy have proceeded, it oonliimoa lole
an object of the highest importance to thu people
of llie State, that it ahould be amended. Accord
ing to the ConalituLnu. the power Of amending
its defect, belong, ftttndveijfia tiie l-eg:,lrton! i
For the Daily ftyakiM-
The Volunteer Coropaniea ofy.nO
much honor to die Stale, that I .mV I
word or depd, aanert any thinj d«»P*q
chararter aa gfhtlemen or uliim! 1W
often spoken of tho "absent CtfUu’l
Rifle Company and ito riuciftim h *J
terms, private Bbir can testify.
. Rnt that the report of Thompi
current, reference need only be tank *
opinion. And that, thtrtprt “oftbtB
pany being actually iHinmud to
next morning," will bo eoqfirmril Iw*f
to oay, by John Slater one of it* fonnr H
and iat tkaU; who observed ubW
that ona of it, member, retnarW
day noted, “me have jil-t t'ormi IblKM
uiUbbry Alfred
-Prdmw l Fnrlt are elMoretiW 1, •
I'lolionorofmyfrittnda or ray cimP^
grieved, / never tlirow d*
•enlnient on my uieeet CeJ
Another Rifleman hnajtrt iu J’T,’
the nine oceaaion. Uto Srr/oa toll W
to bury Thompson and a child ae
TO THE PUBLIC.—My 0iTl(J ‘I
Oemler'n old sliop, .Market Sgaa**’ T
C. A. WATKINS, «■
Tho Georgian will ple"«
DEATH OF HON. W.
B#**froma.UUer,dai*l t
GEXTLZ-i^ It U WjjTirSwJ
s:
soiue two or three week*-
The Buehrbrnl tre l'rj.L,(nii> 1
■ rya tlmt a gentleman well kj ^ .*
Ita. joat returned from
yoml Dayton, am far™ ,: r Us
nn never now atjeh m*'' || ., on ib«
llnckwlieut njUierowera 1
tho extent of threo couui«_
Tki- i» HELEGATES c TO vi ;rf^ o l'^
Tim fellowin?
in die several C°' lsr ?*n?e \VlB| JJJ
chuftta, as Delegatesat li^
vention which i< * u ®Jn M ,inbW *
the firat Wodiioatlay’ of® g rel< |detieJ« :
minato a candidate forth" »
(.EttOSTXS .J —
Banxr.n Bonnxsita
Isaac 0. >»*«"■
l.tDi.mct.-NoU i . c| pilW (
James H."
2d
3d
4Ui
Btii
Olh
7th
Stir
«Jth
inih
nth
12th
Iff
Llnna - .
Ar'" 111 aiw. ,
Henry I
GO'S' u%#\
Wll rren 1*"'° I
coti
111,,
]**
lit
| lb,