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THOMAS PAINE;
TO THE CITIZENS OF THF TJ. BTATE6.
LETTER THE EIGHTH.
Miuh has been frid, and much re
irnn ■ ti he said, of that undescribed
unde Icribablc nothing called federal
defigrates a sass ion that hae no prin-
Jciplcs. Aik a man'who calls himfelf a
federaiifi, what federalifm is? and he
! cannot t'-ll you. A (1: him, what are its
fcrinciplf R ? and he has none to give.
Fcdtialilm, then, with refptft to govern
ment-, isilrr.ilar to atheism with refptft
to religion, a nominal nothing w ithout
r principles. The federal papers, especial
df thole of New England, have often
Raid, that “ tell’ion and federalifm mvf
#0 together ßut if their religion is re
lated to their federalifm ; if it ij as des
titute of morals as their federalifm is qf
principles; and Hear it is; it will do
them no good in this world or the next,
it will condemn them as impoltcrs and
hypocrites in both.
’1 . ofu who once figured as leaders un
der the nfta’mcd end fraudulent name of
jcleruHfm, (but who art- since gone, not
into honorable and peaceable retirement
like Jd-n Z'ichnson rod Char let Thonp
snv.f hut i:.ti> oblcurity and oblivion,
ihi J%.n Ac;.: -s and John Jay) had
sortie plans in contemplation which they
concealed.*rni their deluded adherents
tijc those pAnscan be difeovcied through
the gauzy, hut clumsy, vril of conduct
these lea.i, s adopted. “Ac cover i;
large r ough to hide i ‘self,” fays the Spa
nish prove ib.
It rtcyui*es more artifice ar.d manage
n-.ent to tiifguilc and conceal linider dr
fijnsthau fchendrs are aware of. A man
■.ever turns a rogue hut he turns :i fool.
If - incautionfly lets out something hj
v Lich those he intended to cheat or iin
pofe upon begin Xofttd him out. Where
is truth is a iiraight forward thing, even
an ignerar.; man wdl not blunder in a
true ilory—nor can an artful man keep
a falfe Ilory straight.
Bat tliete leaders, supposing them-
Alvis in a higher position than what
rommon ohfeivation would reach, pre
sumed, on their luppoled consequence
and the t/.pefted credulity of their adhe.
rents, to impose on tiie nation by cla
morous and: falfc pretenses, for the pur
pafe of railing a Handing army of fifty
thousand men ; and when they had got
tliat army, the mafic would have been
thrown off, and their deluded adherents
would have paid the price of their du
plicity by being enslaved.
But in the midfl of this career of de
lotion and imposition, tbefe leaders be
c ime fools. They did every thing they
ought not to have done. They advoca
ted plans which (hewed that their intern
tion and their cause wcrer.ot good. They
laboured to provoke war They oppo
fed every thing which led to peace.—
i hey h.aded the country with vexatious
and timneci flary taxes, and then oppofee
thereduflion of them. They opposed
a reduction ofuftlels offices that served
no Other purpose than to maintain their
own partisans a: the expcnce of the pub
lic. In short, they run themselves a
ground, fit ft, by their extravagance and
next by their folly. Blindt-l by their
ctvn vanity, a:d though bewildered ir.
the wilderncfs of their own projects, they
foclilhly supposed tbeipfelves ab*ve de
teftion. They lad n ithcr feufe enough
to know, nor logic enough to perceive,
that as we can nation upward from cause
totfhft, so rlfo can we reaiott down
ward hem e fit cl to cause, and difeover
by the means they make use of, the mo
tives and objeft of any party ; for when
the means are had, *he motive and the
end to be obtained cannot be ijood.
The manners also, and language of
ar.y party is another clue that leads to a
dtfeovery of their real charafttrs. Wheu
lite cause and principles of a party are
good, its advocates make use of reason,
argu i<nt, and good language. Truth
can derive nc advantage from hoi/lerous
vulgarity. But when the motives and
principles of a party are bad, it is neces
sary to conceal them ; and its abettors
having principles they dare to acknowledge
and cannot defend, avoid tvery thing of
argument, and take rtfuge in abuse and
Jah hood.
The federal papers arc ar. instance of
the juflriefs of this remark. Their pa
ges aie crouded with abuse, but never
with argument ; for they have no prin.
ciples to argue from : and as to faifehood
it is become so naturally their mother
tongue, especially in New Eug’and, that
they lc.m to have loft the power as wcil
as the dispofilien, of speaking the truth.
Theft, papas have been of great aid to
the republican cauie, not only by the
additional disgrace they have brought
on their own difgrrcctu’ faftion, but by
serving as a foil to set off, with greater
eclat, the decency and well principled
arguments of the republican papers. j
have had feme experience, perhaps as
much as moll men have had in the various
tyrns of political life, but I uever saw
a greater set of fools undertake to con
duit a patty than the leaders of the fe
deralilla have been, and the editors of
their papers. They corrcfpcr.d to the
(l ory told of a mau who was become so
proud and famous for lying that he dis
dained fpcaking truth left he ihould lose
his character.
Cannot those llupid people fee, or, ac
cording to fomc dogmas, of their oven,
are their hearts hardened, that they fitall
tiot fee, that the more vulgar and abu-
five they are, the more g.ound tl y !ofc
n the eltiiration of the public. Every
■ ledtisn, especially ia New England, in
wearing them down, till they will be loft
•*ven as a faction, and Massachusetts iffid
Connecticut will recover their former
character. Everything this factift dtfe
hastens its exit. The abusive vulgarity
of Hulbert,a pettyfogging attorney %f
Sheffield, in Maffnchufctta, and one of
its legislators, has contributed to bring
forward the funeral. In his late unprin
cipled speech in the legislature of that
state, he has driven another nail in the
Coffin of the federal faction, and I leave
it to the New England Palladium to
clinch it.- It is a paper worthy of being
the bassoon of such a faction, anJ of
such an hypocritical impostor—Thus
much for the character of parties and
the method of alcertaining their motives
and objects. 1 now proceed to other
matters.
When I returner! to America in No
vember ißc2 (after an abfenfe of more
than fourteen years) I found the country
in a state of disquietude. The people
v.- re divided into two classes, under the
names of republicans -:vd federahfs , and
| i-i points of numbers appeared to be near
ly h danced. The republicans were the
majority in coagreft, and all the aurnin
iftration were of that defcript'.an ; but
they were aflailed with outrageous abuse
hi all the fideral papers, but never by
argument. I am enough acquainted with
life ami the world to ksow, that abtfe is
the evidence of want of argument, and
that those who use it, leave not right on
the .- fide. There is a dignified cglmnefs
hi conscious reftitude, which defeerds
not to abuse. It can reason but it can
not rage. It car.r.ot quit the ftrang
fortrels of rectitude to Ikirmifn in the
fields of vulgarity.
It was net difficult to perceive that
this division and agitation arose from
foine reports spread during the adminis
tration of John Adams, and in the latter
time of General Wathington, which one
part of the people bt’iieitd, and the o
ther did not ; and the point to be rfeer
taiued, was, whether those reports were
true or falfe. If either f those > cafe3
could be sfceitained effeftually it would
unite the people. The chief of those
reports, was, the danger of an invasion
from France ; and this wasrnade a cause
for borrowing, by loan, five millions of
dollars at the high rr'e of eight tier cent.
laying on a land tax of two million dol
lars annually ; beftdes a ffreat number of
other taxes ; and for raffing a Handing
army of fifty ihoufand men.
Now, if the danger was real, it ought
to have been provided again!!. If it was
a fiAioii, with the drfign of railing an
army to h; employed to accompliih Tome
concealed purpose, the country ought to
be informed of it. The party tiding
thctnfclvto fcderahfts appeared to believe
-.he danger, ar.d the republicans to ridi
cule it as fabulous ; and in this state the
parties flood. It was, however, equally
the interest of both, to know the truth,
on which ever fide the truth might fall.
■ Being at Wafhirgton in the winter
t3oj 3, l talked with fome members of
cotigrefs on the fubjeft, particuiiarly with
Mr. Breckinridge, i’enator from Kentuc
ky, the fame perlon who brought in the
bsil for repealing John Adam’s judiciary
law, and the midnight appointments
made in consequence of it.—This repeal
saved tlte country thirty two thousand
dollars annually, belides freeing it from
an intended judiciary despotism.
I (poke to him of the propriety of
ccagrds appointing a committee, or by
tome other method as they might think
proper, to enquire into the condudl of the
former admimltration, that of John A
dams, and to call upon him to produce
the information whether official or o
therwise, which he went upon, if he had
any, for putting the country to such vast
titpence, under the idea, real or preten
ded, of an invafioQ from France. This
would be giving John Adams a fair
chance of clearing himfelf, if he could,
from the fuspicioo that his adminiftrztion
was a gross imposition on the public ;
and ou the other hand, if the impeffirion
Ihould be proved, it would enlighten the
country, and put it on its guard agaiuft
future impofitioiis.
Mr. Brec kiaridge agieed with me in
the propriety and filnefs of the tneafure.
Fie saw that information was wanted,
and that it would be uie'ul, because when
the truth Ihould be known, it would
compclc the people. John Adams had
gene away in what may be called a clan
def ine manner, without surrendering into
the hands of his successor, as he ought
to have done in perlon, any account of
the affairs of the executive department,
foreign or domestic- There are co pa
pers or documents that I know of, and I
believe there ate none, because there can
be none in the fecreturyof state’s office,
that will juftity John Adams in the ex
pence to which his adminftration put
the couutvy ; or even afford ground for
suspicion that either France or England
intended to invade the United States.
Fot what purpose then was an army to
be railed. The projectors of such a mca
furc mull have had forac object in view,
and as that objodl hs: never been explain
ed, 1: ought to be enquired into. It is
bad policy, and also a bad precedent,
elpectaily in public affairs, to let impofi.
tien Aide away without detection.
At the time 1 tallied with Mr. Br-clf
inridge on this fubjeft, I expected that
Mr. Siip wilh formerly j- and at this
tune, American couful at Paris, and Jo.
itot wiihMarwnquhy to be gone into till
they came; After the fall of Robespierre
and the eftabltfhrneitt of the directory
couftitution, those two gent’iemin and
myfelf (Mfo Munroe being recalled) had
opportunities of knowing the fen
timents and intentions of the French go
vernment with refpedt to America than
other persons hid ; and they can be e-
equally with mylelf, that no in
ttnUomitxifted ip the French government
to invade Amarica ; nor was any prepa
ration made for such an attempt, nor could
it be made. The possibility of such a
thing did not exist. The French navy
at that time was nearly annihilated ; her
ports blockaded by the Britilh ; and file
had to fight by land, single handed, a
gainst almoil the whole of Europe. She
had it not in her power to spare a regiment,
much lei’s could Ihe spare an army, to
fend to America ; and if Ihe could have
spared one, she had not the means of
transporting it, nor a convoy to protect
it. All the circumstances as well as the
evidence that can be provided, will (hew
that the ad mini [‘ration of John Adams
was a fraudulent and expttifive impofi
tiotion the country ; ar.d that the army j
to he raised was intended for fonts fecrct
purpose, and not for the purpose of de
fence. If John Adams ;ut coufci
ous of something wrong, and apprehen- i
five of fome confequence*, why did he
abfcur.d in the baity and private manner!
he did ? or why did hia partisans want
to put Aaron Burr in the presidency.
In the days of the black cockades John
Adams had one i'o enormous and so va
hently large, that he appeared to be sus
pended by it ; but when his midnight
hour arrived, his valor ffed and himitif
also.
The voluntary embassy of Dr. Logan
to Paris appears to have disconcerted
John’s admiialiration, and difeomfitted
its leaders; because it served to expose
and put an end to their projects. When
Dr. Logan calied on Timothy Picker
ing, secretary of state, with Mr. Skip
with’s dispatches from Paris, Timothy,
before he knew their contents, though
Logan knew the whole, began to talk of
invafionß and dangers, and the necessity
of preparation. “It might be very well ”
“ said Logar, to have the militia alw lys
“in good order.” The militia, sir /” said
“ Timothy, “ the militia never did any
“good and sever will\ IVe must have an
“ army of ffiy thousand men.” When
Logan was coming away, Timothy said
to him at the door, “ Sir, the govermfut
don’t thank you.”
When Logan waited on general Wash
ington, who had been then appointed the
lieutenant general f the army then rai
sing, of which John was commander
in chief!—the general received him
coldy and firmly, and said to him in a
haughty tone, “ and pray sir, what a
right have you, that are but a private citi
zen, “to interfen in matters of govern
ment ?” Logan very prudently replied,
“ I have no anfwer,fir, to make to that,”
and withdrew. Tie state of Pennsylva
nia, soon after this, cledted Dr. Logan
one of its senators it congress.
Circumstances o/ten unriddle and ex
plain themselves, ani it happens so in this
case ; for if the administration, and those
leaders connected with it, were lincere in
their belief that the danger was real, and
that the country (is Goverteur Morris
expressed it, in his funeral oration on
Hamilton) was “ mnanccd with dangers
from without and that France intended
an invasion ; and if, at the fame time,
they had no concealed objeft in contem
plation themselves, they would welcome
the messenger that Ihould bring them
good tidings that all was well. But if,
on the contrary, they knew they were
afting a fraud, and heating the country
with foifenoods and falfe alarms, for the
purpose of procuring loans, levying new
taxes, and raffing an army to accompliih
fome concealed purpose that could not be
aecomplilhed without that treachery,
they would be enraged at him ; and this
accounts for the rude reception Dr. Lo
gan received frem that admitiiftratinn.—
1 houfinds who supported that admini
stration from a belief that it was aisling
right, have since abandoned it frem a
convitlionthat it acted deceitfully wrong,
and this also accounts for the great ma
jority at the last presidential ele&ion,—
We have no alarms now, uor Ihould we
have had any then, if the present admini
stration had esifted at that time.
It requires only a prudent and honest
administration to preserve America alwuvs ■
in peace. Herditlance from the Euro-!
pcan world frees her from it3 intrigues !
But when men get into power, wltofc
heads, like the head of John Adams, are
filled with “ strange notions” and counter
revolutionary principles and projeifts,
things will be furc to ti o wrong. John j
Adams, who was more the dupe of a par
ty than the leader of it, catered ou tile
office of president with his head turned
by the elevation he was lifted to ; and his!
principles, (if he ever had any,) corrup-J
ted. He turned out to be a couuter re
volutioaift ; and if the concealed projects
of his administration had fuccreded, :
the federal conltitution would have been j
destroyed, and that by perfoas tinder the I
assumed and fraudulent name of feJera •!
Ids.
“As general WalLir.gtcn (said Juba’
Adams) has no children, it wall be right
to mate the government hereditary in the
family of Lund IPa/hington.'f Perhaps;
john intended this as a fly introduction !
of hitnfeli and his hopefui son cr.cey, in
: ‘wa^gtonLi
l or t:. : T. ii.. A -I 1% 4’ x ■
chefs c f a party in congress at Tort-town
m Penofylvams, in the hitter end of the
year 1777 and beguiling of 78, for dis
mifling IVaJhington from the command of
the army, because, they said he was not
capable of it and did nothing. Yet under
John’s adminilliation the name of Wafh
ngton was made use of, for the purpose of
introducing and covering a counter revo
lutionary system. Such is the incon
fulency of faction and of men who have
no fixed principles I
The independence of America would
have added but little to her own happi
-1 nefs, and been of no benefit to the world,
if her government had been formed on the
corrupt models of the old world . It was
the opportunity of beginning the world a
new, as if were : and of bringing forward
a new system of government in which the ;
rights of all men Ihould be preserved, that j
gave value to independence. The pam- j
phlet, Common Sense, the firit work I ever j
pubiiffied, embraced both those obje&s. |
Mere independence might at fome future 1
time, have been effected and ellablilhed :
by arms, without princi r /e, but a just lys
tem of government could not. In Ihort, ;
it was the principle, £t that time, that pro
duced trie independence ; for ut i.il the •
principle spread ricftlf abroad among the j
people, independence was not thought j
of, and America was Sighting without 1
an objeft. Those who know trie civ— |
cumffances of the times I fptak of, know |
“T's 10 be true.
1 am not persecuting John Adams,
nor any other man, nor did I ever perse
cute any ; but I fee the propriety, and
even the necessity of militating an enqui
ry into the confufed state of affairs during
his administration. All the ciicurnft.cn
ces and tfee evidence combined with them,
juftify the suspicion that during that ad
minitlration the country was grossly
impoied upoK, and put to so great and
unnecessary expcnce, which the present
administration has to pay oft ; and that
fome concealed and counter-revolutionary
scheme “as in contemplation. The
leaders, separately, might hide from each
other what hri own particular objeft was.
Eeaeh of them might have a different one.
But sllof them agreed in the preliminary
prujeft, that cf railing an
tale would have been, that when they
had colltfted that army, would have bro
ken intodiiiinft parties like the generals
of Alexander’s army, and destroyed each
other, to decide who Ihould be ttte reign
ing ufutper. Symptoms of disgust had
already begun toappear among the chiefs.
Hamilton difpifed Wafhtngton $ Adams
was jealous of Hamilton ; and Hamilton
had a perfeft contempt for Adama
But in the end, John, I believe would
have come poorly off He was not a
man of the (word, but only of the cockade.
I purposely delayed entering upon this
fubjeft till the presidential cieftion Ihould
be over. Had 1 pubiiffied i£ before that
time the clamour of faftion would have
said it was an eleftior.eering trick.—
Now, they cannot fay it. The choice
made at that election was the fpontancous
choice of the people, and is therefore the
more honourable both to the eieftors
and the elefted. The country at this
time, compared with what it was two or
three years ago, is in a state of tranquili
ty ; and in a St disposition of calmness
to take the matters herein ttated into
coiffideration. before the next meeting oi
congress. It is by keeping a country’
well iaiormed upon its affairs, and discar
ding from its councils every thing of
mystery, that harmony is prri'erveil or
rcltored among the people, and confidence
reposed in the government.
THOMAS PAINE.
June gth, 1 8oj.
* Jtthn Die kins om, the respectable au
thor of the farmer’s letters before the revo
lution began. Charles Thompson, the
faithful secretary of the old congress du
j ring the revolution.
! f Mr. Skipwith ruiigaed tbe conl'tilfhip
| during the admiui;'rail'n of John Adams
I believe on account of a rude tnfulting let
| ter he received from Timothy Pickering
i then secretary of state. Mr. Jeiferfon reap.
I pointed Mr. Skipwi.h.
I t Timothy Pickering's icflcilion on the
i mr!m deserves a rtbbtf It vr. - th- maii'ia
that fought at Hunker's foil, under Harden, a
militia general. It was by the aid of nume
rous reinforcements of ma'itia to join ge; e-al
1 Gates that Burgoyne was taken. It was to a
volunteer malit'a i dvr Stark, a volunteer
general, that col. haum, a Mertian otiicci-, was
defeated at Bennington, in Vtiiuoi.t, wind.
| was the prelude to the capture < f fturg nnt
{ But perhaps Timothy reujns f.r ... iunilelf;
i and if he makes hirr.f.df the ta .hr ’ b v. hicb
to judge of the merits ot tl.e ntalitia theie is
ground far his faring the n- Vt ti never din any
good and never will. Vi orhv stt ;t public em
plo) meat was very harnt l , that:.r a .eachti
of psalmody. When the revolution began
he learned the mar.ust cxtnLc, ~nd ilien taught it.
tie was aftertervvaids appointed coloue. of a
regiment of main a, and \ hen the aifaiis of
Lexington mA uncord took place, April,l9, 1775,
and tlte British v. ere retreating from Concord
bark to Bollon, ar. order was sent to Timothy,
to march with his regiment, and post hunfeu
at a certain place to cut ctf their retreat. —
Timothy marched but he Copped hurt of the
place, ami drew up his men, and went to
prayers, till the Er'tilh paifed tt. His prayers
laved him from the dangers of th. t day. Ido
not know that he sung p alms. Perhaps n„t. 1
I’he enemy might have overheard ..•. ‘ Hat* I
ihm thy done his duty on that arc,lion, and’
put bis trull in Ged v. Ith .r loitering away
bis time, the whole party- of the B-hilh, abr m |
two thousand, ram! have teen pr.feneis, foi I
they could not have got Back hi-Bolton; and
the daughter at Hunker’s inii, the 17th of |
June foiiowir.g, could not have taken piece
Ihi who e force of the B.atih at BuU m a’ i
that tlShe was about fe.tr thru leid , or.e ha>j |
of which were on Ui. <.vp. e-.tt: . t . I‘.
4. L* ‘•
1 /J? r ‘ J .... ,
1805.
Mr. Byrne,
By publilhing in your pcDer the u I
lowing account of the manufacture 01 ifk
you will oblige a number of your rea
ders.
The culture of thewhite mulberry trees
was begun in this town more than thi -
ty years since, by Messrs. Hank 3 8c As*
penvvall, who became possessed of that
ardor which bordered on enthusiasm sot
the raising of silk. This was produced by
reading the late celebrated doctor E.'uot’t,
,small treatise on the field of husbandry.
No pains were thought too much by
them, to accompliih the objefts of their
tvifhes ; voyages to Long Island were
made, and journies to the western pans
of this state, until after several unfuccefs.
| ful attempts, they procured the feed cf
j the so much dtfired tree. A nursery
! was sown or planted, from which many
I young trees were taken and set out ca
I land favourable for their grovms. As
; this ia luxuriant in its growth, and fooa
■ produces fruit, other riurferies were lawn
a:.d about the time the legislature gavt* a
! bounty upon the railing of raw silk, ami
• afterwards a further encouragement for
| idling out ar.d cultivating the mulberry
j tree, there was about iSelhs. weight
;of silk produced ia the town-. This cn
icouiaged a number of perfon* to petitiun
the general alLmbty for an ael of in
jcciporation, and they and theii Effociates
were made a body corporate and politic
’ with ample powers, and an exemption
j from taxation for twelve years, for any
works >r machinery necessary to curry ou
; the business. No advantage of this char,
j ter was had by tae incorporation as no
Ikillful workman could be procured the
i business, however, v.as continued with
j ardor, after the state bounties and pre
niums were dileontirued. Ir. was long
’ before the knowledge of the best method
!of feeding and ordering t?j e filfe worms
j was obtained and of reeling and fpinnior
j the silk, all of which has now become
j familiar. The business has been progres
sing, and thelaff year (1804) tner e fiao
! been raised in this town, between twelve
and 13 hundred pounds weight of well
dried raw silk, fvery pound of which
when made into sewing fiik, is worth
feVeu dollars, and finds a ready market
at Boston, Providence, &c. It is fome
tunes fold near home, partly for motley
jand for luch necellaiiea and ornaments,
Jas muff, or would be had if not procu*
| red in this way. Was the silk made in
this town ir.anufaftured into the feverat
fabric's, of silk in common use, every one
may judge as well aa I, how large a
diftrift it would l'upply.
j This silk, for strength and durability
)is far preferable to any imported frera
Afta, &c. and may be in this state rai
sed to almoil any given quantity, without
injury to agricultural intcreft, as the bu
siness is performed chiefly by women and
children, without expence to the hulbandt
men in labor, or any other way, except
to keep the good ladies, their daughter*
and maids, a little busier, than ordinary
for two or three weeks, daring which
time it muff: be conftffed, they have &
laborious talk.
The writer believes at fome future
tiifte it be a subj-st of legtilative and per
haps nati. ual consideration, whether we
ihdl fend all our solid coin at a great
r.fcju; and hazard, fix tuouiand mites tc*
purehafe atticle3 that may be raised and
manufactured at home, even for exporta.
tion. £.
The foVoiuing piece of phitofophy had
neve'ty to recommend it. When <we
hear of rumlding noises in the ground
in future the conclufton will be that
the earth has the belly ache.
In a work, entitled, A Key to the Phe
norr.ena of Nature, a Freach writer, Chev
rel DtHanurais, allures us, that, for fix
thoufar.d years, mankind have been crawl,
mg about, without knowing it, on the
back of an animal. This animal which
lives, eats, drinks, and digests ; which
thinks, walks, and tranfptres ; which
has members and organs of speech ; this
wonderful animal h—The Eat th. Thus
and thus only, can hurricanes, temp
ests, the eruptions of volcapoes, Sec be
accounted for. If any one doubt it,
iet turn : -ad tns work, of this new Natu*
ralilis. “If every thing upon the earth
is animated (he argues,) why Ihould
not the tar h itfeif iikewife be so ; the
earth to which we are indebted for our
r :pport. If life be receftary for the
growth of hair in men, how can the
earth, without the lame facuity, pro
duce grals in the hclds, and trees in the
for efts ? the process with the tab’ and
with the graft is the fame. The farm
er are rocted in cur skin, and the latter
in the Ikinof th: animal earth, humus.
The nurse takes food, which the give?
hacx otjutficd to the child. Does not.
the earth do the fume, in order to fur
nifti tiie nurse with vegetable*, which Ihe
converts into milk ? Does it not im
bibe particles of air and water, which
it appropriates to the plant > As iite
is abiolutely uecdTary for these function*
the earth whicu fulaU them mull of ne*
utility be aitvc and orgsuikj ia the iante
manner as animals. Are not correfpon-
phenomena*, results and ohjefts,
proof of the lame nature, organs, a.’d
proprieties ? The earth waft, however,
be provided with much llronger organ*
than a woman, her proceeJurc through
toe Lxe being or, a much mare ex toy live
trade.”