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*’.■ In,i'aary notices exceeding six lines in length
fisref 1 nii advertisements.
iWmcss anb
'ftpondencp between Mr. Seward and
^federate C
V A. FliANKLIN KILL Attor-
y , -Ji;v AT LAW, Athens, Ga. Office over the
‘,,'f Win. S. W iite.. Kovl
M WYNO & CO., Dealers in
ARE, CROCKERY, CHINA AND
Athens, On. tf
t ;U. " - 1 as
As HAUmVAR
**<S,:tr*iw« Strwt,
. tJiKNS STEAM COMPANY.-
•I p MCKKUKOS, Aecntnn.t Superintendent.—
' u f Circular Saw Mills, Steam En-
nu j Rilling PUMPS, S*mu« and
Mill, Oi.n and all other itinds of GKAR-
Ihoj, * n d Brass Cahtis«s, of every description.
‘•ilTMVti. Repairing and Finishing promptly exa-
, I e..i.., i patterns »f Iron Fencing. Terms.cash.
jljr.Bfjt.iirers i
pars.
r\ j}. LOMBARD, Dentist, Athens.
O'* Rooms in Brick building North of the Post Of-
H.C»iiegc Avenue. ~ V
n \V.& H. It. J. LONG, Wholesale
L , and Retail DRUGGISTS, Athena, Oa.
D \l W M. KIN G, Homoeopathic
PHYSICIAN, offers his professional services to
is ,.f Athens and vicinity. Residence, at Mrs.
C-vion's. tUiee, corner of Clayton and Thomas SU.
jj. lV in. lsco., iy
The t’orres
, ^ Conftdrr * te Commltwloncrs—The Gage
or War Thrown Down and Accepted, &c„ Ac.
The following is tho correspondence be-
tAveen tli©Secretary cf State and the Com-
missioners from tho Confederate States:
MESSRS. FORSYTH AND CRAWFORD TO MR.
8EWAUD, OPENING NEGOTIATION AND STAT
ING THE CASE.
Washington City, March 12, 1861.
If on. IPm. II. Seward. Secretary of State of
the Unit l States:
Sir Tlio undersigned have been duly
accredited by the government of the Con
federate States of America as Commission
ers to tlio Government of the United
States, and in pursuance of their instruc
tions have now the honor to acquaint you
with that fact, and to make known,
through you, to tlio President of the
United States, tho objects of their pres
ence in this Capital.
Seven States of the late Federal Union
having, in the exercise of the inherent
right of every free people to change or re
form their political institutions, and,
through Conventions dr their people, with
drawn from the United States and reas
sumed the attributes of sovereign power
delegated to it, have formed a government
of their own. Tho Confederate States
constitute an independent nation, de facto
and dejure, and possess a government per
fect in all its parts, and endowed with all
tho moans of self support.
With a view to a speedy adjustment of
all questions growing out of this political
separation upon such terms of amity and
good will as the respective interests, geo
graphical contiguity and future welfare of
the two nations may render necessary, the
undersigned aro instructed to make to the
government of tho United States overtures
for the opening of negotiations, assuring
J), bavin" located permanently at Homer, B*nkr
(MUitv, (in., will }ir*ctico in tho counties of Bunks,J*ck-
kt RgU, Habenbnm and Franklin. Occupying a con-
n) position in said comity, all business onuustod to bis
nn will rv-eivc immediate attention. All eommunic*-
t«, should be addressed to Homer, Banka co. ap5tf
i; W. LUCAS, Wholesale and Re-
| I tail Dealers in DRY GOODS, GROCERIES,
HAKUWARE, Ac., No. 2, Broad Street, Athena.
G L. McCLESKEY, M.D., having
• permanently located in Athens, will continue
de practice of Mcdicino and Surjjery. Residence, that
TMtc , ly occupied by Mr. Chase-—Office, st home, where
It Kav he found. ^
H A. LOWRANCE, Surgeon Den
• TIST, Athens, Ga. Office onCollegeAvonne,
•ter i he Jewelry store of Messra. Tnlmadge A Winn.
H GILLELAND, Dentist, Wat-
• kinsville, Ga., respectfully solicits the patron-
m ef the surrounding country. Full satisfaction will
W given in his profession.
T M. KENNEY, (next door to the
1* Bant: of Athens,) constantly keeps on hand STA
RK and FANCY DRY GOODS, and Choice Family
Groceries, cheap for cash, or to prompt customers.
T Af. MATTHEWS, Attorney at
•) * LAW, Danielsville, Ga. May 1.
MIN H. CHRISTY, Plain and
Fancy BOOK AND JOB PRINTER, Broad St.,
uj, (la. Office corner Broad and Wall streets, over
'ore of Sansom A Pittanf. tf
\MES A. CARLTON, Dealer in
Silk, Fancy and Staple DRY GOODS, Hardware
Crockery, No. 3, Granite Row, Athena.
TW.HANCOCK, Attorney at
• LAW, Danielsville, Ga,, will practice in Jack-
SOB. Clarke. Madison. Hart, Oglethorpe and Elbert.
T W. REAVES & CO., Wholesale
V • and Retail Denlers in GROCERIES, DRY
GOODS, CROCKERY, HARDWARE, Ac. No. launder
Franklin lloure, Broad struct, Athena, Ga. tf
F. O’KELLEY, Photograph and
• A MBROTYPK ARTIST. Rooms on Broad and
ini tracts, over the store of John R. Matthews,
ear. tla. MarS-tf
TAS. M. ROYAL, Harness-Maker,
v i head of Wall street, Hourly opposite the old State
Bank | Athens, Ga.7 keeps always on hand a general as-
► nm ml of articles in bis lino, and is always ready to
* i rib rs in the best style. tf
K. DAVIS, Land Broker, Collec-
i Tuli and GENERAL AGENT, Augusta, Ga.—
ikm nn.rmlo-1 to in any county of tho State. Office
er of Jncksom and Elite street*.
T P. MASON & CO., Bookbinders,
** • IVitwt Rulers nitd Blank Book Manufacturer*,
"uBuall street, Ail.mt.i, Go.
Ai’tca*, (la.
J. II. Cn misty. ApinL
)aly2i-ly
\[ADISON BELL, Attorney at
-U LAW. Burner, Banks Cuunty, Oa.—will prac-
’ ill the Court* of the Wostoni Circuit. All business
«htni»tfd to liitt cnto will nw-t with prompt attention.
ktfKRicxors : llua. J. li. Lumpkin, T. K. K. Cobb,
f’J-. Athuns, tin.. J. II. Banks. Iv*q., Gainesville. G:>.
G.CANDLER,AttorneyatLaw, tbe Government of the United States that
- " " 1 the President, Congress, and the people of
tho Confederate States earnestly dcsiro a
peaceful selijtion of these great questions;
that it is neither their interest nor their
wish to make any demand which is not
founded in strictest justice, nor do any act
to injure their late confederates.
The undersigned have now the honor, in
obedience to tbcir’government, to request
you to appoint as early a day as possible in
order that they may present to the Presi
dent of the United States the credentials
which they bear and tbe objects of tbe mis
sion with which they are charged. We
are, very respectfully, sir, your obedient
servants, John Forsyth,
Martin J. Crawford.
The Reply of Mr. Seward.—Memorandum
Department of State, )
Washington, March 15,1860. j
Mr. John Forsyth, of the State of Ala
bama, and Mr. Martin J. Crawford, of the
State of Georgia, on the 11th inst., through
the kind offices of a distinguished Senator,
submitted to the Secretary of State their
desire for au unofficial interview. This
request was, on the 12th mat., upon exclu
sively public considerations, respectfully
doclinea.
On the 13th inst., while the Secretary
was pre-occupied, Mi*. A. P. Banks, of Vir
ginia, called at this department and was
received by the Assistant Secretary, to
whom ho delivered a sealed communica
tion, which he had been charged by Messrs.
Forayth and Crawford to present to the
Secretary in person.
In that communication Messrs. Forsyth
and Crawford inform the Secretary of
State that they have been duly accredited
by the government of the Confederate
States of America as Commissioners to the
government of tho United States, and they
set forth the objects of their attendance at
Washington. They observe that seven
States of tho American Union, in the ex
orcise of a right inherent in every free peo
ple, havo withdrawn, through conventions
of their people, from the United States, re-
assumed tbe attributes of sovereign power,
and formed a government of their own,
and that those Confederate States now
constitute an independent nation, de
facto and de-jure, and possess a govern
ment perfect in all its parts, aud fully en
dowed with all the means of self-support.
Messrs. Forsyth and Crawford, in their
aforesaid communication, thereupon pro
ceed to inform the Secretary that, with a
view to a speedy adjustment of all ques
tions growing out of the political separa
tion t hus assumed, upon such terms oi'am-
itv and good will as the respective inter
ests, geographical contiguity, and the fu
ture welfare of tho two supposed nations,
might, vender neeessary, they are instruct
ed to make to the government of tlio Unit
ed States overtures for the opening ol
negotiations, assuring} his government that
the President, Congress, and People of the
Confederate States, earnestly desiro a
peaceful solution of these great questions,
anti that it is neither their interest nor
their wish to make any demand which is
not founded in strictest justice, nor to do
any act to injare their late confederates.
Afler making those statements, .Messrs.
Forsyth and Crawford closed their commu
nication, as they say, in obedience to the
instructions of their government, by re
questing the Secretary of State to appoint
as early a day as possible, in order that
they may present to tho President -of the
United. States tho credentials which they
boar ami the objects of the mission with
wlitcUAhoy are charged.
The Secretary of State frankly confesses
that ho understands the events which have
recently occurred, and the condition of
political affaire which actually exists iu the
part of the Union, to which bis attention
has thus been directed, very different from
tho aspect in which they aro presented by
Messrs. Forsyth and Crawford. Ho sees
in them, not a rightful and accomplished
revolution and an independent nation,
with .an established government, but ra
ther a perversion, of a temporary and par
tisan excitement to the .inconsiderate puv-
V Mil OLSON, Leaves & Wynn,
' Whol- sjtJc an«l Retail Dealers in STAPLE anti
*AN( Y GOODS, GROCERIES, HARDWARE, Crack-
V. T * mj new llrick Store, corner Bridge and
? ’ r «v; -, A then?, Ga,
pATMAN k SUMM KY, Dealers in
f UAlimVARU ami CUTLERY, corner Of Brmul
l ’ J ‘ " all a crests, Allien*. Ga. if
pITNEH. ENGLAND & FKEE-
I MAN, WhcU-snlo ami iteUli Dealer* in GROOE-
ri&f BUY GOODS, HARDWARE, SHOES A BOOTS,
Street, Allien*. Giv - tf
P BALIRY, Fashionable Boot and
* • SHOE-MAKER. Broad rtrect. Atiicni, Ga., is
in rt-adine?* t« fill orders in liis lint.
pOPK
-*■- Athi'i
£ BAR HOW, Attorney at Law,
Achrnj, Go. Office over White'* Bookstore.
T HISUOP & SON, Wholesale and
A • Driller* In GROCERIES. HARDWARE
yj/TAI'LK DRY GOODS, No. 1. Broa.l »U. Attend.
T W. WALKER, Attorney at Law,
, • At’icu*. Ga. Ofliro over tho now Jewelry Store
Broad ft root. , tf
TalmaDGE, STARK & H El NS,
t« in Waioncs,‘Clock*, Jewelry, Geni, Pin-
I too Cutlery, Mturioal Instrumont*, Sheet Marie,
f ra<jr «f College Avenue and Clayton *1., AUien*.
tv.,
f
tfr . * Athens, Go. Rooms on Broud
Tn^urauoo
0 U Y L E R, Resident Dentist,
kneb vntraao,
FeW-tf
\\TM. L. MAHLER; Attorney at
. ' LAW, Jefferson, Jackson county, Ga.
M. MeLcfterand W. 6. Thompaon,
Y Jefferron; D.W. ■ f "
Wm. a DELONY, Attorney at
V*d», hAW' Athene, Ga., wUl nltand promptly to all
V“! ra8l<ld to hi* core. — ** *
- ; M- henney’s store.
\\ r M. PHIL
Office on Broad itraet,
vtf
action of the people of those States, in co
operation with tlicir brethren in the other
States, through the Congress of the United
States, and such extraordinary conventions,
if there shall be need thereof, as tho feder
al constitution contemplates and authorizes
to be assembled.
It is, however, the purpose of the Secre
tary of State on this occasion not to invite
or engage in any discussion of these sub
jects, but simply to sot forth his reasons
for declining to comply with the request
of Messrs. Forsyth and Crawford;
On tho 4th oi‘ March inst., the then new
ly ejected President of the United States,
in view of all the facts bearing on the pres
ent question, assumed the executive ad
ministration of the government, first de
livering, in accordance with an early and
honored custom, an inaugural address to
the people of the United States. The Sec
retary ofState respectfully submits a copy
of his address to Messrs. Forsyth and
Crawford.
A simple reference to it will be sufficient
to satisfy those gentlemen that the Secre
tary of State, guided by the principles
therein announced, is prevented altogether
from admitting or assumingthat the States
referred to by them have, in law or in fact,
withdrawn from the Federal Union, or
that they could do so in the .manner de
scribed by Messrs. Forsyth and Crawford,
or in any other manner than with the con
cert of the people of the United States, to
be given through a National Convention,
to be assembled in conformity with the
irovisions of tho Constitution of the United
iStates.* Of course the Secretary of State,
cannot act upon the assumption or in any
way admit that tho so-called Confederate
Suites constitute a foreign Power, with
whom diplomatic relations ought to bo
established.
Under these circumstances the Secreta
ry of State, whose official duties are con
fined, subject to tbe direction of the Presi
dent, to tho conducting of the foreign re
lations of the country, and do not sit ail
embrace domestic questions or questions
arising between tho several States and the
Federal Government, is unable to comply
with tho request of Messrs. Forsyth and
Crawford, to appoint a day on which they
may presont the evidence of their authori
ty and the object of their visit to the Presi
dent of the United Suites. On tho con
trary, he is obliged to stato to Messrs.
Forsyth and Crawford that ho has no au
thority nor is ho at liberty to reeognizo
them as diplomatic agents, or hold corres
pondence or other communication with
them.
Finally, tho Secretary of State wonld ob
serve that, although ho supposed that
he might safely and with propriety have
adopted these conclusions without making
any reference of the subject to the Execu
tive, yet so strong has been bis desire to
practice entire directness and to act in a
spirit of perfect rospoct and candor towards
Messrs. Forsyth ana Crawford,and that por
tion of the people of the Union in whose came
they present themselves before him, that
ho lias cheerfully submitted this paper to
tho President, who coincides generally in
tho views it expresses, and sanctions tho
Secretary’s decision, declining official in
tercourse with Messrs. Forsyth and Craw
ford.
ArniL 8th, 1861.
The foregoing memorandum was filed
in this Department on the 15th of March
last. A delivery of the same, however, to
Messrs. Forsyth and Crawford was delay
ed, as was understood, with their consent.
They have now, through their secretary,
communicated their desire for a definitive
disposition of the subject. Tho Secretary
ofState therefore directs that a duly veri
fied copy of the paper be now doliverod.
A true copy of the original, dolivored to
me by Mr. F. W. Seward, Assistant Secre
tary ofState of tlio United Suites, oil April
8, iSGl, at 2:15 P. M., in blank onvelopo.
Attest, J. T. Pickett,
Secretary to the Commissioners.
THE COMMISSION EES IN REPLY TO MR. SEW
ARD, ACCUSING THE GOVERNMENT OF DE
CEPTION, AND ACCEPTING A SOLUTION BY
THE SWORD.
Wasiqngton, April 9,1801.
Hon. IF. iff. Sewardj Secretary of State of
the United States, Washington :
The “memorandum,” dated Department
of State, Washington, March 15, 1861,
with postscript under dato of 8th instaut,
has been received through the hands of
Mr. J. T. Pickett, Secretary to the Com
mission, who, bv tho instructions of tho
undersigned, called for it on yesterday at
the Department.
la that memorandum you correctly
state the purport of the official note ad
dressed to you by the undersigned on.the
12th ultimo. Without repeating the con
tents of that note in full, it is enough to
-V*' 1 '- tf tional anirrcssion upon the rigots and the
tional aggression upon
authority vested in tho ledcral government,
and hitherto benignly exercised, as from
their very,nature they always must bo so
say hero that its object was to invito tho
Government of tbe lY«it«<! Ki*im tn a
United States to a
friendly consideration of the relations be
tween the United Status and tho seven
States lately of the Federal Union, hut
now separated from it by tho sovereign
will of their people, growing , out of tho
pregnant and undeniable fact that those
people have rejected the authority of the
United Suites and established a Govern
ment of their own. Those relations had
to be friendly or hostile. The people of
the old and new Governments, occupying
contiguous territories, had to stand to each
other in the relation of good neighbors*
each seeking their happiness and pursuing
their national destinies in their own way,
without interference with the other, or
they had to be rival and hostile nations.
The Government of the Confederate States
bad no hesiUition in electing its choice in
this alternative. Frankly aud unreserved
ly, seeking tbo good of the people who had
entrusted them with this power, io^»ho
spirit of humanity, of tho Christian civili
zation of.the age, and.of that Americanism
which regards the true wolfare anq happi
ness of the peoplo, the Government of tho
Confederate States, among' its-first acts,
commissioned the undersigned to approach
tho Government of the United States with
the olivo branch of peace, and to: offer to
duccd their natural and often predicted
result of the destruction of tho Union, un
der which we might have continued to
live happily and gloriously together had
the spirit of the ancestry who framed the
common constitution animated the hearts
of all their sons, you, now, with a persis
tence untaught and uncured by the ruin
which has been wrought, refused to recog
nise the great fact presented to you of a
complete and successful revolution; you
close your eyes to the existence of a gov
ernment founded upon it, and ignore the
high duties of moderation and humani
ty which attach to you in dealing with
this great fact. Had” you met those issues
with the frankness and manliness with
which the undersigned were instructed to
present them to yon and treat them, the
undersigned had not now the melancholy
duty to return home and tell their govern
ment and their eoimtryinen that their
earnest and ceaseless efforts in behalf of
peace had been futile, and that the gov
ernment of the United States meant to
subjugate them, by force of arms.
Whatever may bo the result, impartial
history will record tho innocence of the
government of the Confederate States’, and
place the responsibility of tho blood and
mourning that may ensue upon those who
have denied the great fundamental doc
trine of American liberty, that “govern
ments derive their just powers from tho
consent of the governed,” and who have
set naval and hind armaments in motion
to subject tho people of one portion to the
will of another portion. That that can
never be done while a freeman survives
in the Confederate States to wield a Avea-
pon, the undersigned appeal to past history
to prove. These military demonstrations
against the people of the seceded States are
certainly far from being in keeping and con
sistency with the theory of the Secretary
ofState. maintained in his memorandum
that these States are still component parts
of the late American Union, as the under
signed aro not aware of any constitutional
power in the President of the United
States to levy war, without the consent of
Congress, upon a foreign people, much
less upon any portion of the United States.
Tho undersigned, like the Secretary of
State, have no purpose to “ invite or en
gage in discussions,” of the subject on
which their two governments arc so irre-
coueileably at variance. It is this variance
that lias broken up the old Union, the dis
integration of which 1ms only begun. It
is proper, however, to advise you that it
wore well to dismiss the hopes you seem
to entertain that, by anj* of the modes in
dicated, tho people of the Confederate
States will ever be brought to submit to
the authority of tho government of the
United States. You are dealing with de
lusions, too, when you seek to separate
our peoplo from our government and to
characterize the deliberate, sovereign act
of that people as a “perversion of a tem
porary and partisan excitement.” If you
cherish these dreams you will be awaken
ed from them and find them ns unreal and
unsubstantial as others in which you havo
recently indulged The undersigned would
omit the performance of an obvious duty
were they to fail to make kuowu to the
government of the United States that the
people of the Confederate States have de
clared their independence with a full
knowledge of the responsibilities of that
act, and with as firm determination to
maintain it by all tho means with which
nature has endowed them, as that which
sustained their fathers when they threw
off tho authority of tho British crown.
The undersigned clearly understand
that you have declined to uppoint a day to
enable them to lay the objects of the mis
sion with which they are charged before
the President of tho UnitcdStatea,-because
so to do would recognise the independence
and separate nationality of the Confeder
ate States. This is the vein of thought
that pervades tlie memorandum before us.
Tho truth of history requires that it should
distinely appear upon the record that the
undersigned did not ask the government
of the United States to recognise the in
dependence of tho Confederate States.—
They only ask audience to adjust, in a
spirit of amity and peace, the new relations
springing trom a manifest and accomplish
ed revolution in tho government of the
late federal Uniou. Your refusal to enter
tain these overtures for a peaceful solu
tion, the active naval and military prepa
ration of this government, and a formal
notice to tho commanding general of the
Confederate forces in the harbor of Charles
ton that the President intends to provis
ion Fort Sumter by forcible means, if ne
cessary, are viewed by tho undersigned,
and can only be received by the world,
as a declaration of war against the Con
federate States; for the President of the
United States knows that Fort Sumter
cannot bo provisioned without the effusion
of blood. The nudersigued, in behalf of
their government and people, accept the
gage of buttle thus thrown down to them;
and, appealing to God and the judgment
of mankind for the righteousness of their
cause, tho peoplo of the Confederate States
will defend their liberties tbtbe last against
this flagrant and open attempt at their
subjugation to sectional power.
This communication cannot be properly
closed without adverting to the date of
your memorandum. The official note of
the undersigned, of the 12th March was
delivered to the Assistant Secretary of
State on the 13th of the month, the gen
tleman who delivered it informed him that
the Secretary of this Commission would
call at .twelve o'clock, noon, on tbe next
day, for an answer. At the appointed
hour Mr. Piekett did call, and was inform
ed by the Assistant Secretary of State
and a ball* pounds) of guano contain tbe
nitrogen of six hundred kilo-grammes of
sea fish, and as the gnano deposits, before
they began to be worked, contained three
hundred and seventy-eight million's of me
trical quintals (the quintal metrique is one
hundredweight; three quarts,twenty-five
pounds, eight ounces) of gnano, tho birds
must have consumed two thousand two
hundred and sixty-eigut millions of quin
tals of fish.
be evacuated in a very few days, and that
no measure changing the existing status
prejudicially to the Confederate States, as
respects Fort Pickens, was then eontom-
1 dated,as these assurances were subsequent-
y repeated, with the addition that any con
templated change as respects Fort Pickens
would be notified to us. On 1st of April
we were again informed that there might
be an attempt to supply Fort Sumter with
provisions, but that Governor Pickens
should have previous notice of this attempt.
There was no suggestion of any reinforce
ment. The undersigned did not hesitate to
believe that these assurances expressed
the intentions of tho administration at the
time, or at all events of prominent mem
bers of that administration. This delay
was assented to for the express purpose of
attaining the great end of tho mission of
tne undersigned, to-wit; A pacific solution
of existing complications. The inference
dcducible from the date of your memoran- . ......
dum, that tho udersigned had, of their otf n T the <** an . contradistinction
volition aud without cause, consented to
this long hiatus in the grave duties with
which they wore charged, is therefore
not consistent with a just exposition of
the facts of tho ease.
The intervening twenty-three days were
employed in active unofiuid efforts, tho
object of which was to smooth the path to
a pacific'solution, thodistinguished person
age alluded to co-operating with tbo under
signed, and every step of that effort is re
corded in writing, and now in possession
of tho undersigned and of their govern
ment. It was only where all these anx
ious efforts for peace had been exhausted,
and it became clear that Mr. Lincoln hail
determined to appeal to the sword to re
duce the people of the Confederate States
to the will of the section or party whoso
President he is, that the undersigned re
sumed the official negotiation temporari
ly suspended, and sent their Secretary for
a reply to their official note of March
12 '
It is proper to add that, during tho twen
ty-three days, two gentlemen of official dis
tinction as high as that of the personage
hitherto alluded to aided the undersigned
as intermediates in these unofficial nego
tiations for peace.
The undersigned, Commissioners of the
Confederate States, of America, having
thus made an answer to all they deem ma
terial in the memorandum filed in the De
partment on the 15tli of March last, have
tho honor to be,
John Forsytit,
Martin J. Crawford,
A. B. Homan.
A true copy of the original of one de
livered to Mr. F. W. Seward, Assistant
Secretary ofState of the United Stales, at
8 o’clock in tbo evening of Abril 6, 1861.
Attest, J. T. Pickett. Secretary, &c.
Mr. Seward, in reply to the Commissioners,
acknowledges the receipt of their letter, but
declines to answer it.
Department of State, ) •
Washington, April 16,1861. )
Messrs. Forsyth, Crawford, and Roman
having been apprised by a memorandum
which has been delivered to them that the
Secretary of State is not at liberty to
hold official intercourse with them, will
it is presumed, expect no notico from him
of the now communication which they
have addressed to him under dato of the
9th inst., beyond tho simple acknowledge
ment of the receipt thereof, which he here
by very cheerfully gives.
A true copy of the original received
by the Commissioners of the Confederate
States, this 10th day of April, 1861.
Attest, J. T. Pickett, Secretary, &c.,
Ac.
Where Bid They Go f
We are told, in Kings x, 22, that Solo
mon had at sea a navy of “ Tarskish with
the navy of Hiram,” and that “once in
three years came tho navy of Tarshish
bringing gold and silver, ivory, apes and
peacocks.” Where did this navy go ? We
have looked to the Bible expositors to find
what is to be understood by Tarshish, and
we find they have no knowledge on the
subject, but some of them think it is meant
from the
great ocean,” as the Mediterranean was
called. We once heard a revereud gentle
man contend that the ships of Solomon
which were fitted out at Exoingeber on the
shore of the Red Sea, went dowu thalSea,
felt their way along tho coast of the Iudies,
China, etc., where they collected thoir ivo
ry, apes and peacocks and then continued
down tho American coast to California,
which ho contended was the Ophir of Scrip
ture. The text from which tins inference
is drawn reads as follows: “ And King
Solomon made a navy of ships, in Ezoin-
geber, which is beside Eloth on the shore
of tho Red Sea, iu the laud of Edom. And
Hiram sent Ju the navy his servants, ship-
meu that had knowledge of tho sea, with
the servants of Solomon. And they came
to Ophir aud fetched from thence gold,
four hundred and twenty talents, and
brought it to King Solomon.”
It appears to havo taken these ships
three years to go to Ophir and return. If
they really came to California, we should
have some light thrown on the history of
our mound builders. Wo could then throw
open a connection between the Jews and
the extraordinary people who once inhab
ited the Valley of the Mississippi. It may
be rather hard to believe that lliram’s
“ shipmeu,’* with all their “ knowledge of
the sea,” penetrated as far as California;
but we are forced to believe something.—
The evidences that our mound builders had
some connection with the Israelites are
cumulative aud almost beyond question.
Where did Solomon’s ships go? Evident
ly not down tho Mediterranean, for they
were built on tho Red Sea. Ophir must
therefore have been on tho eastern coast of
Africa, where we have no knowledge of
any gold mines, or it must have been in
Asia, or on the western coast of America.
We shall not decide where it was but we
throw out our suggestion for the scrutiny*
of thoso who are learned in Biblical mat
ters.— The Printer.
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad; over the in
tervening space ocoepied by the Pratt street
track.
The cars were dispatched one after the
other by horses, and upon the arrival of
the first car at the intersection of Gay. and
Pratt streets, a vast assemblage having.
collected there, demonstrations were made
which evidently contemplated the stop- .
ping of the troops at that point. Just
there, repairs of the road were in progress,
and a number of paving stones were lying
in heaps, which were seized by the crowd
and used for the purposes of assault.
Six of the cars had succeeded in passing
on their way before tho crowd were able
to accomplish their purpose of barricading
the track, which they now began tQ effect
by placing large heavy anchors lying in
the vicinity directly across the rails. Some
seven or eight were borne by the crowd
and laid on tho track, and thus tbo passage
of the cars was effectually interrupted.
Having accomplished this object the
crowd sot to lustily cheering for the South,
for Jefferson Davis, South Carolina and
secession, and groans for sundry obnoxi
ous parties. In the meanwhile the troops
thus delayed at the depot remained quietly
iu the cars until tired of their inaction,
aud apprehending a more formidable de
monstration, they came to the conclusion to
face tho music and march through* tho city*.
They accordingly evacuated the cars
and rapidly gathering on the street north
of the depot, formed in lino and prepared
to make tlio attempt.
At the head of this column on foot, May
or Brown placed himself, and walked in
front, exerting all his influence to preserve
The Guano Bird Thousands of Tear Olders
Than Man.
Mr. Boussingalt has given to the Acade
my of Science an interesting paper on this
valuable manure, from which we learn that
deposits of guano extend from the second
A Queer People.
Chambers’ Journal discussing a recent
book of missionary* travels in Africa, thus
alludes to one of the tribes which are found
in that terra incognita :
“ But the strangest of all aro the stories
told of tho Dokos who live among the moist
warm bamboo woods to the south of Kaffii
and Susa. Only four feet high, of a dark
olive color, savage and naked, they* have
neither household temples, fire, nor human
food. They live only* on auts, mice and
serpents diversified by a few roots and
fruits. They let their nails grow long like
talons, the better to dig for ants and the
more easily to tear iu pieces their favorite
snakes.
They do not marry but live indiserimi
nate lives of animals, multiplying very
rapidly and with very little maternal in
stinct. The mother nurses her child for
only aBhort time, accustoming it to cat
ants and serpents as.soon as possible; and
when it can help itself, it wanders away
where it will, and the mother thinks no
more about it. The Dokos are invaluable
as slaves, and are taken in large numbers.
Tho slave hunters bold up bright colored
that the engagements of tho Secretary of
State had prevented him from giving the
note his attention. Tho Assistant Secre
tary of State then askod for tho address of
Messrs. Crawford and Forsyth, the mem
bers of tbe Commission then present in
this city*, took note of the address on a card
and engaged to send whatover reply might
bo made to their lodgings. Why this was
notdoheitis proper should be here explain
ed. Tim momorandum isdated March 15,
to tho twenty-first degree ofSauth latitude, as 80O „ as they* come to the moist
along the coast or Peru. Those which he
beyond these limits are much poorer in
ammoniacal compound than the former, and
are, therefore, less valuable as manures.—
Guano is generally found deposited on
small promontories or cliffs. It fills up
crevices, and is to be found wherever birds
seek shelter. Tho rocks of this part of
the coast consists of granite, gneiss, syen
ite, and porpbyritic sycnito. The guano
deposits are generally covered with an
agglomeration of sand and saline substan
ces, calfed caliche, which the laborers re
move before beginning their attacks on
the guano. In some places, as at Pabellon
di Pica and Punia Ceanda, tho deposits lie
under a mass of sand descended from the
“neighboring mountains,” on which subject
De Rivero makes an extremely curious
observation, viz: That at tbcplacosabove
mentioned, tho lowest guano deposit's are
covered with a stratum of old alluvial soil;
then comes another layer of guano, and
then a stratum of modern alluvial soil.—
To understand the importance of this fact,
it must be borne in mind that the age of
modern alluvions does not extend beyond
historic time, whereas old alluvions dato
from tho period immediately preceding
that at whieh man first began to inhabit
the earth ; so that the gnanses or cormo
rants, and allied birds which deposit gu
ano, must havo existed thousands of years
before man, seoing that the lower layer of
guano is sometimes fifteen or twenty yards
in depth, while the old alluvial crust above
it has a thickness of upwards of three
yards.
To explain the immense accumulation
of guano in those regions, Mr. Boussin-
gault observes that there lias boen a com
bination of circumstances lightly* favorable
to its production and preservation, among
which are to be reckoned a dry climate; a
ground presenting a vast number of chinks,
fissures and caverns, where the birds can
rest, lay their eggs and hatch them, with
out being disturbed by the strong breezes
from the South; and lastly, abundance of
food suited to them. Nowhere else are
fish so plenty* as d
warm bamboo woods where these human
monkeys live, and the poor Dokos cannot
resist tho attraction offered by such supe
rior people. They crowd round them; and
are taken in thousands.
In slavery they lire docile, attached, obe
dient, with few wants and excellent health
They have only one fault—a love of ants
mice and serpents, and ahabitofspeakin
to Yor with thoir heads on tho groun
and their heels in the air. Yor is thoir
idea of a superior power, to whom they
talk in this comical nature when they* are
dispirited or angry or tired of ants and
snakes, and longing for unknown food.
The Dokos seem to come nearest of all
people y*ct discovered to that terrible cou
sin of humanity*—the ape.”
The Course of John Beil.
The Montgomery papers report, upon
good authority, that Hon. John Bell was
expected to make a speech at Nashville iu
favor of secession, one day this week. We
do not find :n tho Nashville papers any
direct confirmation or-contradiction of this
report, but wo find in one of them, articles
which go to show that Mr. Bell’s closest
political friends in Tennessee now regard
the secession of that state as a matter
necessity. Tho Nashville Patriot, which
was last year called “Mr. Boll’s home
organ,” has an article in its issue of April
16th, noticing Lincoln s Proclamation, etc.,
in which it admonishes that deluded “pub
lic functionary” that “he cannot get his
armies in Tennessee; neither can he march
his armies through Tennessee for the pur
pose of subjugating tho Southed? Elates.”
It also expresses theopinion that the border
slaveholding States “ought not and will
not remain" in the Union, and advocates
“peaceable separation” by a Convention
of all the States. We are still convinced,
however, that Tennessee cannot avoid be
ing involved in the war; that she will be
made, by tbe action of her own citizens,
to tako sides with ns.—Columbus Enquirer.
■ — — $ sS
From tho Baltimore Sun, Salurdny, 20th.
on the coast, where whole Particulars ef tbe Baltimore Collision.
Yesterday morningtheexcitement
peace.
J ust before the movement was made from
the cars a largo crowd of persons wont
dowu President street with a southern flag
and met the troops as they emerged from
the cars. The southern flag was then car
ried in front of the column, and whooping
and yelling began, and as goon as the troops
turned out of Canton avenue they* were
greeted with a volley of stones.
At the corner of Fawn street two of the
soldiers were struck with stones and knock
ed down.
The yelling continued and the stones
flew thick and fast. At Pratt street bridge
gun was fired, said by policeman No. 71,
to have been fired from the ranks of the
soldiers.
The crowd pressed stronger, until the
body reached the corner of Gay street,
where the troops presented arms and tired.
Soveral persons foil on the first round, and
the crowd became furious. A number of *
revolvers were nsed, and their shots took
effect in tho ranks.
People then ran in every direction in
search of arms, but the armories of the
military companies of the city were closely
guarded and none could be obtained. Tho
firing continued from Frederick street to
South street in quick succession but how
many fell cannot now be ascertained.
Ainongthose wounded Was a young man
named Francis X. Ward, shot in tho groin,
but the wouud not thought to bo mortal.
A young man named James-Clark, was
shot through the head, and instan tly killed.
James Myers, was shot in the right side
of tho back, near the spine, and the ball, a
Minnie, passed through him and lodged
among tho false ribs. ’ Ho was mortally
wounded. Johr. McConn, was mortally*
wounded.
A man named Flannery, was mortally-
wounded, and died shortly after.
-Carr, wounded by a musket ball in
the knee.
John Staub, shot iu .the fore-fingor of
the right hand.
A young man named Maloney was shot
on Pratt street, near Gay, and died at the
central police station.
James Keenan was wounded by a Min
nie ball through the body. Ha was one .
of the soldiers. His wound was supposed
to he mortal.
At the police station, an old man, who
did not give his name, was badly* wounded.
How many were wounded it is impossi
ble to ascertain, as many of the soldiers
who left on tlio ears ivere known to have
been injured.
Kirk Hatch, of Philadelphia, was wound
ed on the hoad by* a blow from a stone or
a bludgeon. lie wasseveroly* injured.
Oon ner.of Baltimore,was also wound
ed on the head with a stone.
At the central police Rtation two soldiers
were taken in dead, as also two citizens.
Three soldiers and one citizen wore taken
to the same place wounded. The erowd
passed on up Broad street, and near Light
street there was another volley fired.
At Light street wharf a boy named Win.
Reed received a ball through the abdomen,
and was dying at last accounts in the hold
of a schooner. ,
Another boy, Patrick Griffin, employed
at the Green House, Pratt street, was shot
.through the bowels while looking from
the door.
A frenzied crowd returned the fire from
revolvers, and with bricks. Andrew Rob
bins, a member of a volunteer company*
from Stonington, Conn., was shot in the
back of the head and fell fVom the ranks.
Another soldier, S. H. Needham, a mem
ber of tlio Massachusetts -regiment, was
struck by* a brick and knocked insensible
from tho ranks. He subsequently died.
At the Corner of Howard and Dover
Streets one oftbc marching companies was
pressed upon,When the troops in one.of
the cars fired a volley into the citizens.—
The bails struck in the brick walls of tho
dwelling, dashing out pieces of brick, and
making largo holes in tho walls. The fire
was returned from several ppiuts with guns
and 1 revolvers, and with bricks by the
crowd. Soveral soldiers were wounded
here, but it Is thought no citizens were
Struck by the bullets of the soldiers. The
faces of many of the soldiers, as -seen
through the car windows were streaming
with blood from cuts received from tlio
shattered glass df car window's, and from
the missiles hurled into them. Several
wounded, supposed to have been shot ip
their passage along Pratt street, were
taken out of the car in a bleeding and
fainting condition at the Camden station,
theother cars.
or Pratt, the
jptrehed, or
tcrrific.—
the
the negroes