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,JRO. IT. ADAIR J HENLY SMITH,
EDITORS AMD PROPRIETY St*.
It. C. SMITH, H. OAKDOZU
ATLANTA, GEORGIA:
SATURDAY* FEBRUARY 21, 18C3.
fc AlW*.Nl' 0A1AY CIUttfUTiOJ* IB THE MTATE..
W-HKK fc’*HST PAWK.-M
Speech a< Hon, C. L. VBltamllghatn.
CONTINUED.
. JS&6 common WenM w«* ! X,"tV 1 , ‘, that a
incentive, and ia named^b the 01 * he night is lack of the sun.
Can the Union of these Stales be Restored?—
llow Shalt it be Done ?
And why not? Is it historically impossi
ble ?• Sir, the frequent civil wars and con
flicts between the Stales of Greece did not
prevent their cordial nnion to resist the Per
sian invasion; nor did even the thirty years
Peloponnesian war, springing, in part, from
the abduction of slaves, and embittered and
disastrous as it was—let Thucydides speak—
wholly destroy tbo fellowship of those States ?
The wise Romans ended the three years so
cial war, after many bloody battles, and much
atrocity, by admitting the States of Italy to
all the rights and privileges of Roman-citi
zenship—the very object to secure which
those States had taken up arms. The border
wars between Scotland and England, running
through centuries, did not prevent the iinal
Union, in peace and by adjustmest, of the two
kingdoms under one monarch. Compromise
did at last what ages of coercion and at tempt
ed conquest had failed to effect. England
kept the crown, while Scotland gave the king
to wear it, and the memories of. Wallace, the
Brnce of Bannockburn, became part of the
glories of British history. 1 pass by the un
ion of Ireland with England—a union of force,
which Ocd and just men abhor; and yet pre
cisely “the Union as it ehonld too’V ot the
Abolitionists of America. Sir, the rivalries
or tho House of York and Lancaster filled nil
England with cruelty ana slaughter; yet
compromise and intermarriage ended the strife
at last, and the white rose and the red were
blended into one.
Who dreamed a month before the death of
Cromwell that in two years the people of Eng
land, alter twenty years of civil war and
usurpation, would, with great unanimity, re
store the house of Stewart iu the person of
its most worthless prince, whoso father, but
. eleven years before, they had beheaded ? And
could have foretold, in the beginning of 1812,
that within some three years, Napoleon would
be in exile upon a desert island, and the Bour
bons restored ? Armed foreign intervention
did it; bnt it is a strange history. Or who
then expected to see a nephew of Napoleon,
thirty-five years later, with the consent of
the people, supplant the Bourbon and reign
Emperor of France? Sir, many States and
people, onee separate, have become united in
the course of ages through natural causes and
without conquest; but 1 remember a single
instance only in history of States or people
onco united, and speaking the same language*
who have been forced permanently asunder
by civil strife or war, unless they were sepa
rated by distance or vast neutral boundaries.
The secession of the Ten Tribes is the ex
ception; theso parted without actual war.;
and their subsequent bietory is not encoura
ging to secession. But when Moses, the
greatest of all statesmen, would seoure a dis
tinct nationality and government to the He
brews, he left Egypt and established bis peo
ple iu a distant country. In modern times,
the Netherlands, three centuries ago, won
their independence by the sword; but France
and the English Channel separate them from
Spain. So did our Thirteen Colonics; but
the Atlantic Ocean divorced U3 from England.
So did Mexico and other Spanish Colonies in
America; but tho same ocean divided them
trom Spain. Cuba and the Canadas still ad
here to the parent government. And who
now. North or South, in Europe or America,
looking into history, shall presumptuously
say that because of civil war the reunion of
these States is impossible? War, indeed,
while it lasts, is disunion; and, if it lasts
long enough, will bo final, eternal separation
first, and anarchy and despotism afterward.
Hence I would hasten peace now, to-day, by
every honorable applianoe.
Are there physical cansos which render re-
onion impossible? None. Where other cau
ses do not control, rivers unite; bnt moun
tains, deserts and great bodies of water—
oceans distoeiabiles—separate a people. Vast
forests originally, and tho lakes now, also di
viders, not very widely or wholly, from Can
ada, though we epeak the same language and
are similar in manners, laws and institutions.
Our chief navigable rivers run from North to
South. Most of our bays and arms of the
sea take the same direction. Neutral causes
all tend to union, except as between the Pa
cific coast and the country East of the Rocky
Mountains to the Atlantic. It is “manifest
destiny.’' Union is empire. Hence, hither
to we have continually extended our territory
and the Union with it, South and West. The
Louisiana purchase, Florida, and Texas all
attest it. Wo passed desert and forest, and
scaled evon tho Rocky Monntaius, to extend
the Union to the Pacific. Sir, there is no
natural boundary between the North and the
South, and no line of latitude upon which to
separate; and if ever a line of longitude
shall be established, it will be East of the
Mississippi Valley. The Alleghauie* are no
longer a barrier. Highways ascend them ev
erywhere, and the railroads now Climb their
summits and span their chasms, or penetrate
their rockiest sides. The electnc telegraph
follows, and, stretching its connecting wires
along the clouds, there mingles its vocal light
nings with the fires or beaven.
But it disunionists in the East will lorctva
separation of any of these States, and a bound
ary line, purely conventional, is at last to be
marked out, it must and it will be either from
Lake brie upon the shortest line to the Otiio
river, or from Manhattan to the Canadas,
And uow, sir, is there any difference of race
here so radical aa to forbid reunion t 1 do not
reler to the negro tace, jj'yled now, in unctuous
official phrase, by the President, “Americans ot
African descent. ' Certainty, air, there are two
white races in the Uuited States, both from the
same common stock, and yet so distinct—one ot
them »o peculiar—that they develop different
forma ol civilisation, and might belong, almost,
to different types ot mankind. But the bound-
ary of throe two races is not at all marked by
the line which divides the alavehblding from the
nonsslaveholding States. If race is to bt> the
geographical limit ot disunion, the Mason and
Dixon’s can never be the line.
Next, air, do not the causes which, in the be-
umiosffcr'^nd' 1 a, dl. e ***tin their
'Erat ih» aT"* 1 ' V **‘ Were ,he f *
*“£££* c “ ra “‘k^ni-and therefore con-
Had we been contguous to great Britain, either
the causes which 'led to the separation would
have never foisted,.or else been speedily remov
ed; or, afterward,' we ! would long since have
been reunited aa equals, ami with all the. .lights
of Englishmen. And along with these were
similar, at least not essentially dJssiflMlarifrian-
ners, habits jaws, rolif
kinds, except one.
another powerful
Constitution as one among the objects ot'the
“more perfect Union” ol 1787. Stronger yet
than all these, peihaps, but made up of all them
was . a common interest. Variety of. climate
and soil, and therefore of production, implying
also extent of. country, is not an eleynetu of
separation, but added to contiguity; hecofttesii
part of the ligament of interest and is one of
the tougher! strands:' '“"■■.f JF". L !
Variety of production is the parent of the ear
liest commer.e and trade; and these. ao their
full developments, are, as between foreign na
tions, hostages for peace ; and between States
and people united, they are the firmest bonds of
union. But, after all, the strongest of the many
original impelling causes to the Union, was the
securing of domestic tranquility. The states
men of 1787 well knew that between thirteen in
dependent out contiguous States, without a nat
ural boundary, --end with nothing to- separate
them except the machinery of similar govern
ments, there must be a perpetual, in feet, an
“irrepressible conflict” of jurisdiction and in
terest, which there being no other common arbi
ter, conld only be terminated by the conflict of
the sword. And the statesmen .pf 1662 ought to
know limi two or more Confederate govern
ments, matte up of similar States, having no
natural boundary either, and separated only by
different governments, cannot endure long to-
gethcr in peace, unless'one or more of them be
either too pustlaninious for rivalry, or too insig
nificant to provoke it, o r too weak to resist ag
gression.
These, sir, along with the establishment of
justice and the securing of the general welfare,
and of the blessings of liberty to themselves and
their posterity, made up the cause and motives
which impelled our’fa.thers to the Union at first.
And row, sir, what one of them is wanting ?
What one diminished ? On the contrary, many
of them are stronger to-day than in the begin
ning. Migration and intermarriage have stren
gthened tlm lies of consanguinity. Commerce,
trade, and production have immensely multi
plied. Cotton, almost unknown here in 1787, is
now the chief product and export of the country.
It has set ah inoftonthfdfe-feu^ths of the spindles
of New England,.and give employment, directly
or remotely, to full half the shipping, trade and
commerce of the united Slates. Mor than lhat,.
cotton has kept the peace between England and
America for thirty years; and had the people
of the North been as wise aud practical as the
statesmen of Great Britain, it would have tna n-
tained union and peace here. But we are being
taught* in our first century and at our own cost;
the lessons which England learned through the
long and bloody experience of eight hundred
years. We shall be wiser next time. Let not
cotton be king, but peace-maker, and inherit the
blessing.
A common interest,‘then still remains to us
And Union for the common defense, at the
end of this war, taxed, indebted, imppver-
ished, exhausted, as both sections most be,
and with foreign fleets and armies around us,
will be fifty-fold more essential than ever be
fore. Anil finally, sir, without Union our
domestic tranquility must forever remain un
settled. If it cannot be maintained within
the Union, bow then outside of it, without an
exodus or colonization of the people of one
seetiou or tho other to a distant country ?—
Sir, 1 repeat that two governments interlink
ed and bound together every way by physical
and social ligaments, cannot exist ia peace
without a common arbiter. Will treaties bind
us ? What better treaty than the Constitution ?
What more solemn, more durable? Shall we
settlo our disputes, then, by arbitration and
compromise? Sir, let us arbitrate and com
promise now, inside of (he Uni ju. Certainly
it will be quite as easy.
And now, sir, to all.these original -causes
and motives which impelled to Union at first,
must be added certain artificial ligaments,
which eighty years of association under a
common government have most fully devel
oped. Chief among these are canals, steam
navigation, railroads, express companies, the
post office the.newspapor press, and that ter
rible agent of good and evil mixed—“spirit
-Power and patronage, and ot the
tariff and taxation and disbursement generally,
unjustand burdensome to the West equally
i ilio booth. I pass them by.
sn, I ask, is the immediate, direct
union and. civil war? Slavery, it
Sir, that is tlie philosophy of
great oausc
, . r> -. — ... iu, ouu.’ : Certainly
s'uverfwM m qatf9gU)(|—very obscure in
deed—the cause of fee war. Hod there been
no slavery hetc, this particular war about
slavery would never have been waged. In a
>ike sense, the holy sepulchre was the cause
BE ^! e Ctjtsadef; and had Troy or.
Carthage never existed, there never would
h . a ™ !>e?jy&j*a,8)r. Carthagenian war, and
no each personages as Hector and Hannibal ;
andno Hliad or .Snead, wpuld ever have been
tmlten. But-for better say th
- ... = + -r- ,--T-er say that the negro is
the cause of the war;' for had there been no
negro hero, there would be no war just now.
Whot then? Exterminate him? Who de
mands it, 1 .Colon!to him ? ' How f Where ?
When? "At whose cost ?. Sir, let.us have an
end of this folly.
But slavery, is the cause of the war. Why?
Because the South obstinately and wickedly
refused to restrict or abolish it at the demand
of the philosophers or fanatics and dema
gogues of the North and West. Then, sir, it
was abolition, the purpose to abolislf or in-
terfere with and hem in slavery, which caused
disunion und war. Slavery is only the sub
ject, but abolition the catise, of this civil war.
It was the persistent and determined agitation
in the freo Stales of the questjpn of abolish
ing slavery in the South, because of the al
leged “irrepressible conflict” between the
forms of labor in the twogeotlons, or in the
falee and mischievous cant of the day, be
tween freedom and slavery, that/orced a col
lision if arms at last. Sir, that conflict .was
not oaufiued to the territories. It was ex
pressly proclaimed by -its apostles, as between
tho States also, against the_in8titution every
where. But, assuming the* platforms of the
Republican as the standard, and statiqg the
case most strongly in favor of that party, it
was the refusal of the South to consent .that
slavery should be excluded from the Territo
ries that led to the continued agitation. North
and .South, bf'that question, and finally to
dhunion and civil war.
Sir, I will not be answered now by the old
ftlainoi of “the aggression of the slave power.”
That miserable spectre, that unreal mockery,
has been exorcised and expelled by debt and
taxation and blood. It that power did govern
thw country for the sixty years preceeding this
terrible revolution, then the sooner this govern
ment and administration return to the principles
and policy of Southern statesmanship, the bet
ter for the country ; and that, sir. is already, or
soon will be, the judgment of the people. But
I deny that it was the slave powel that govern
ed for somnny years, and so wisely and well.
It was the Democratic party and its principles-
and policy, Ynodled and coniroled. indeed,
largely byf Southern statesmen Neither will
I be stopped by that other cry of mingled fanati
cism and hypocrisy, about the sin and barbar
ism ot African slavery. Sir, I see more of bar
barism and sin, a thousand times, in the contin
uance of this war, the disolution of the Union,
the breaking up of the government and the en
slavement of the white race by debt and taxes
and arbitrary powei. The day 'of fanatics and
sophists an 1 enthusiasts, thank God, is gone at
last ; and though the age of chivalry may not-,
the age of practical statesmanship is about to
return.
. Sir, I accept the language and intent of the
Indiana resolution to the full—“that in consid
ering the terms of settlement Ivc will look only
to the welfire, peace and' safety of the white'
race, without reference to the effect that settle
ment may have upon the condition of the* Afrio
can.” And when we have dono-this, my word
for it, the safoty, acace, and welfare of the Af- .
rioan, will have been'best secured. Sir, lltertfq 1 ;
are fifty-fold less anti-slavery sentiment to-day
in the Wes: than there was two years ago ; and
if this war be continued, there will be Still less
a year hence.' The people there begin at last to.
cuni|ir.'liimd that domestic silvery in the South
is:- question not of morals of religion, or hu
manity , but a form of labor perfectly compati
ble with the dignity of free white labor in the
same community, and with national vigor, pow
er and prosperity, and especially with military
^strength.
They have-learned, or begin to learn, that
the evils of the system affect the master alone,
or the community and State in which it ex-
iste; and tint we of the free States partake
of ill the material benefits of tho institution,
unmixed with any part of its mischiefs. They
believe also in the subordination of the negro
race to the white where they both exist to
gether, and that the condition of subordina
tion, as established in the South, is far better
every way for the negro,.than the hard servi
tude of poverty, degradation and crime, to
which he is subjected iu the free States. All
this, sir, may be “pro-alaveryism,” if there
be such a word. Perhaps it is ; but tho peo
ple of tho West begin now to think it wisdom
and good sense. We will not establish slave
ry in our own midst; neither will we abolish
or interfere with it outside of our own lines.
Sir, an anti-slavery paper in New York,
(the Tribune,) the most influential, and, there-
more, most dangerous of all that class—it
would exhibit more dignity, and command
more of inflnenoe, if it' were always to dis
cuss public questions and public men with a
decent respect—laying aside now the epi
thets of “secessionist” and “traitor,” has
returned to its ancient politioal nomenclature,
and calls certain members of this house “pro-
elavery.” Well, sir, in the old sense of the
term as applied to the Democratic party, I
will not object. I said years ago, and it is a
fitting time now to repeat it:
“If to love' my country; to cherish the
"Union; to revere the Constitution; if t« ab
hor the madness and hate the treason which
would lift up a sacrilegious hand against
either; if ft read that in the past, to behold
it in the preSdnt, to foresee it in the futnre of
this land, which is of more value to us and
-(ave us one, aiuiMaryland the other—have done
■core for the BbMk' than alt Abb JegMatitmtaitd
ail the debates ia this capital for fotly years,
and they will do-more- yet again than all your
armies, though you call out another million of
men into the field: Sir, I would add, “ Yanfeee-
Doodl*,”but first let me be assured that Yan-
kee-Doodle loves the Union-more than he hates
the slaveholder.* x ..
And now, sir, I propose to briefly consider the
cruses which led to disunion and the preseitt
nai and ineradicable in their nature, and at the
same time powerful enough to overcome all the
causes and considerations which impel to re
union. -
Having two years, ago discussed tally and
elaborately the more abstruse and remot realises
whence civil commotions vn all governments,
end tho e also Which are pcrnrtiar-to.our complex
and Federal system, such as the consolidating
tendencies of the general government, because
•In truth, the song w*»
t Uh officer, and not by an
dir!sign, by a|Brl-
oi health and yet goblin damned” —if free,
the gdhtlest -mihisieroof truth and liberty ;
when enslaved the supplest instrument of
falsehood and tyranny—the magnetic tele
graph. All these have multiplied the speed
or the quantity of traae, ftraVBl, ; communica
tion, 'migration and intercourse of all kinds
between the different State!' and sections;
and thus, so long as a healthy condition of
the body politic continued, they became pow
erful cementing agencies of union. Tho nu
meroos voluntary associations, artistic; liter
ary, charitable, social and scientific, until
corrupted and made ' fanatical; the various
ecclesiastical organizations, until they divi
ded ; and the political parties, so long as they
remained all national and not sectional, were
also among the strong ties which bound us
together. And yet all of these, perverted
and abused for some years in the hands of bad
or fanatical men, became more powerful in 7
etrumentalitiee in the fatal work of disunion,
just as the veins and arteTies of the human
body, designed to convey the vitalizing fluid
through every part of it, will carry also, aud
with increased rapidity it may be, the subtle
poison which takes life away. . Nor is this
alL It was through their Agency that the im
prisoned winds of evil war were all let loose
at first jwith such sudden and appalling fury ;
and, kept in motion by political power, thoy
have ministered to that fury ever since. But,
potent alike for good aud evil, they may yet,
under the control of the people,-and-in the
hands of wise, good and patriotic men, be
made the most effective agencies, under Prov
idence, in Ute re-union of these States.
Other ties* also, less material in their uature,
but hardly less persuasive, have grown np un-
der.tlic Union. Long association, a common
history, national reputation, treaties and diplo
matic intercourse abroad, admission of new
Stqtes, a comm
whose names and
whole conntry, patriotic music and son/s, com
■non battle-fields, and'glory won under the same
flag—4hcec make up the poetry of Union; and yet,
as in the marriage relation and the family with
simiiar-tnflaettcee, they are stronger than hooka
of steel. He was a wise statesman, though he
may never have held an office, who said f “ Let
me write the songs of a people, andj care not
who makes theirlaws." Why is the Marseilles , .— .
prohibited in . France f Sir,. UsU Columbia, ot union or cisumon is bound up: Is there an
and the Star Spangled Banner—Pennsylvania irrepressible conflict ’ between the sUvehold-
rnnon jurisprudence, great men to the world for age3 to come than all the
and ftnhhs are pat'ritrfony-of tber multiplied millions
who have inhabited Afri
ca from the creation to this day 1—if this is
to befixo-slavery, then in every nerve, fiber,
vein, bone, tendon, joint anc ligament, from
ihe topmost hair of the head to the last ex
tremity of the foot,. 1 am all over and alto
gether a pro-slavery man.”
And now, sir, I come to the great and cons
trolling question within which the whole issue
tng and nonssiavetiolding States ? Must “the
cotton and rice fields ot South Carolii-a, and the
sugar plantations of Louisiana,” in the language
oi Mr. Seward, “be ultimately tilled by free
labor, and Charleston and New Orleans become
marts lor legitimate merchandise alone, or else
the rye fields and w teat fields of Massachusetts
and New York again be surrendered by tbeir
farmers to slave culture and itie production of
slaves, and Boston and New York become once
mare markets for trade in the bodies and souls
of men?” If so, then there ie an end of all union
and forever. You cannot abolish slavery by the
sword; still less by proclamations, though the
President were to “proclaim” every month.—
Of what possible avail was his proclamation of
September! Did the South submit 1 Was she
even alarmed f And yet he has now iulmined
another “bull against the comet”— brutum ful-
nen—and, threatening servile.insurrection with
all its horrors, has yet coolly , appealed ti the
judgment of mankind, and invoked the blessings
of the God of peace and love! But declaring it
a military necessity, an essential measure of war
to subdue the rebels, yet with admirable wisdom
he expressly exempts from its operation the only
States and parts of States in the South where be
has the military power to extend it.
. Neither, sir, can you abolish slavery by argu
ment. As well attempt to abolish marriage or
the relation of paternity. The Sonth is resolved
fo maintain it at every hazard and by every sa
crifice; and if “this Union cannot endure part
slave and part free,” then it is already and fis
nally dissolved. Talk not to mo of “West Vir-
S inia” Tell me not oi Missouri, trampled, lin
er tho feet of your soldiery. As well talk to
me of Ireland. Sir, the destiny of those States
must abide theissne ot the war. But Kentucky
yon may find tougher. And Maryland
v “Even la her archives live their wotted fire.”
Nor will Delaware be found wanting in the day
of trial. .. „
Ru t I deity the doctrine. It is full Of dis
union and oivil war. It is disunion it3elf.—
Whoever first taught it ought to bo dealt with
&b not only hostile to the Union, but an ene
my of the human race. Sir, tne fundamen
tal idea of the Constitution is the perfect and
eternal compatibility of a nion of States,
«part slave and part free,” else the Consti
tution never would have been framed, nor the
Union founded; and seventy year's of suc
cessful experiment have approved the wisdom
bf the plan. In my deliberate judgment, a
Confederacy made up of slaveholding and
non-slaveholding States, is, in the nature of
the strongest of all popular gofernments, Af
rican slavery has been, and is, eminently
conservative. It makes the absolute political
equality of the white race everywhere prac
ticable. It dispenses with the English order
of nobility, and leave every white man, North
and South, owning slaves or owning none, the
eqtlal of every other white man. It has re
conciled universal suffrage throughout, the
free States with the stability of-government*
I speak not now of Us material benefits to the
North and West, which are many and more
ofirvious. But the S.'Uth, too, has profited
-many ways by a union with the non-slave
holding States. Enterprise, industry, *elf-
reliance, perseverance, and the other hardy
virtues of a people living in a higher latitude,
and without hereditary servants, she has
learned or received from the Noith. Sir, it
is easy, I know, to denounce all this, aud to
revile him who utters it. Be it bo Toe Eng
lish is, of all languages, the most copious in
words of bitterness and reproach. “ Pour on :
I will endure.”
Then, sir, there is not an “ irrepressible
conflict” between slave and free labor.—
There is no conflict at all. Botfoexist to
getber iu perfect harmony in the South. The
master and the slave, tbe white laborer and
,the black, work together in the same field or
in the same .strop, and without the slightest
sense of degradation. They are not equals,
either socially or politically And why,
then, cannot ohio, having only freo labor,
live iu harmony with Kentucky which bus
both elqye and free? Above all, why can
not Massachusetts allow tbe same right of
choice to South Carolina, separate I ai they
are a thousand miles, by other States who
would keep the peace and ,Hvj in good will ?
Why thjs civil war ? Whence disunion ?—
Not froin slavery—not because tbe South
chooses to have two kinds of labor instead of
one, but from sectionalism, always and every
where ^'disintegrating principle. Sectional
jealousy and hate—these, sir, are the only el
ements of conflict bet veeq theso States, and
though powerful, they are yet not at all irre
pressible. ' They exist between families, com
inanities, towns, cities, counties and States;
and if not repressed would dissolve all socie
ty and go-'ernment. They exist also between
other sections than the North and Sou>h.
Sectionalism East, many years ago, saw the
South and West united by lies ofjgeographic •
al position, migration,' intermarriage and
iata?e£ M and thus strong enough to control
the power and policy of the Union. It found
us divided only by different forms of labor ;
and, with consummate but guilty sagacity, it
seized upon tbe question of slavery as* the
surest and most powerful instrumentality by
which to separate the West from the South,
and bind her wholly to tbe North. Encour
aged every way from abroad by those who
were jealous of our prosperity and great
ness, and who knew the secret of our strength
it proclaimed tbo “irrepressible confliet” be
tween slave labor and free labor. It taught
the people of the North to forget both their
duty and their interests; and aided by the
artificial ligaments aqd influence which money
and enterprise had cfeated between the sea
board and the Northwest, it persuaded the
people of that section, also, to yield up every
tie which binds them to the great valley of the
Mississippi, and to join their politioal for
tunes especially wholly with the East. It
resisted the fugitive slave law, and demanded
the exolusion of slavery from all the Territo
ries and from' this District, and clamored
against the admission of any more slave
States into the Union. It organized a sec
tional anti-slavery party, and thus drew to
its aid as well political ambition and interest
as fanaticism; and after twenty-two years of
inoessant and vehement agitation, it obtained
possession finally, and upon that issne of the
Federal government and of every State gov
ernment North and West. And io-day, v^e
are in tbe midst of the greatest, most cruel,
most destructive civil war ever waged. But
two years, sir, of blood and debt and taxation
andincipent commercial rain are teaching
the people of the West, and’ I trust, of. the
North also, the folly and madness of this cru
sade against African slavery, and the wisdom
and necessity of a Union of the StateB, as our
fathers made it, -‘part slave and part free.”
What then, sir, with so many esuees impel-
ing to re-nnion, keeps us apart to day ? Hate,
passion, antagonism, revenge, all heated seven
times hotter by war. Sir, thete, while they
last, are the most powerful of all motives with
a people and with the individual titan ; but for
tunately they are tbe least durable. They hold
a divided away in the same bosoms with the
nobier qualities of love, justice, reason, placa
bility ; and, except when at their height, are
weaker than the sense oi interest, and always, in
States at least, give way to itat last. No states
man who yields himself up to them can govern
wisely or well; and no State whose policy it
controlled bythen/can either prosper or endure.
But war is both their offspring ana their aliment,
and while it last* all other motives are subordi
nate. The virtues of peace cannot flourish,
cannot even find development in the midst of
fighting; and ibis civil war keeps in motion tbe
centrifugal forces ot the Union, and gives to
them increased strength end activity every day.
Bat such and so many and powerful, in my
judgment, are the cementing or centrepetai
agencies impelling us together that uothing bnt
perpetual war and atri e can keep us always
divided.
Sir, I do not under estimate the power oi the
prejudices^ot sektion, or what i* much stranger,
ot race. Prejudice ia colder, and therefore more
durable than the paaaiona of hate and revenge,
or the spirit of antagonism. But, as I.have al
ready said, iu boundary in tbe United States is
not Alason’s and Dixon’s line. The long stand-
tag mutual jealousies of Nev England and tho
South do not primarily grow ont of slavery.—
They are deeper, and wtll always be the chief
obstacle in the way ol fall aud absolute reunion.
They are founded ip difference of manners, hab
its and social life, and in different notions about
politics, morals and religion. Sir, after all, this
war is not so much one of sections—leait of all,
between tne alaveholding and non-slaveholding
sections—as oi races, representing not difference
in blood, but mind and its development, and dif
ferent types ol civilization. It is the old con
flict of the Cavalier and the Roundhead, the
Liberali8t and the Puritan; or rather it is aeons
flict upon new issues of the ideas and elements
represented I>y those names. It is a war of the
Yankee and the Southron. Said n Boston wri-
fogizing a now England utfi-
erklisburg : “This is Mas-
ssachusctts and South Can
But in the beginning, the
1 the Cavalier aiufe by .a
. . and ike negro, uuited oil
New - England first, and afterward the entire
North and West, and finally sent out to battle
against him Celt and Saxon.Gennan and Knick
erbocker. Catholic and Episcopalian, and even a
part of his own household and of the dcs.'e'Adants
ot his own stock.
Said Mr. Jefferson, 'when New England
threatened secession some ,s xtv years ago:
“No, let ub keep thd Yankees to qanHWWftl* 3
Ah, air, he forgot that quarreling is alwayB a
hazardous experiment ; and, after some time,
the oountrymen of Adams proved themselves
too sharp at that work for the countrymen of
Jefferson. But every day the contest now tends
again to its natural and original^elemepts.—
In many parts of the Northwest—I migltatid
of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York
city—the prejudice against tho “Yankees”
has always been almost as bitter a- in'the
South'. ’ Suppressed for a little: whilo by the
anti-slavery sentiment and the war, it threat
ens now to break out in one of those great but
unfortunate popular uprisings, in the midst of
which reason and justice are for the time ut
terly silenced. I speak advisedly; and let
New England hce'd else she, and the whole
East, too, in their struggle* for power, - may
learn yet from the West the same lesson which
civil war taught to Rome, that evulgato impe
rii arcano, posse principeni alibi, quam Romse
fieri. The peoplp of, the West demand peece,
and they begin to more thnn suspect that New
England is in the way. The storm rages;
and they believe that Bbe, no*, slavery, is the
cause. The ship is eu»re tried: and passen
gers and crew are now almost ready to pro
pitiate the waves by throwing the ill-^iened
prophet overboard In plain English—not
very elassic, but most expressive—they threat
en to “set New England out in }he cold.” ;
(to bk continued. J
TO THE RESCUE!
COAST DEFENSE.
WAY RkGlMRNT will eerve. by authority from thr Sr-
1VJL . zetary of War, on file ioa.t < f Geo-gia and 1 n-*w
w»'.t three more companies to complete Its organization
Authority to raise said otnpanies will be granted on ap-
plicition tome.
Tbe usu U B jnnty , f $>0 will b > i ai t as soon av the c un
paoy reports at Atlanta, aud good arms will b > provided
at once. '
I earnestly appeal te the patriots of Georgia to v.duo-
ti or. S ng'e reciuits wid be received ; ‘aud yon can elect
your owu officers.
JcrilN L HARDEE,
et20 Iw o .t ComdV-
STONE CUTTERS WANTED.
fpo work on Stone for C 8. Armory, at Macon, Gror-
X th Having taken the coutrac 10 furnish a la>gt
mount of GraniteWork for the above-menlioo<d build
iug. we ar- mnrh In n cd of workmen to carry on the
work. Weaie impouered to furfish exemptions from
ConerriptloB, and will pay liberal wages
, WOOD 4 MEADOR.
fobl8-lm Stone Mountain, G orgia.
Carolinian,'Columbia; Telegraph, Macou, and ( broi 1-
clo, Augusta, copy aud send bills to this offl o immediate
ly. •
SOUTHERN STATES HOTEL,
AUGUSTA, GEORGIA, *
\k] E have bought the entire iutoreet of the formet
YV Proprietor Mr John L Haimon, in the Boutbem
States Hotel, and intend t keep a first else* house.
, , WM M THOMAS,
f<tbl6 2m •> ISAAC LITTLE.
Shoe Lasts! Shoe Lasts!!
QHOE-MAKERS cin be supplied with 1A3IS, by or
IJ fieri rig them, specifying he k’il.d wanted, ahii remit-
log thacssh to the suberiioer, to the care of BFHLlmfa,
Express Agent, at Bran-ton, Mies. Address
LOUIS F. CARR.
, o.o Proprietor Shoo-Laet Fsfitorr. • -
fobl7 0t* Braudon, Miss.'
NOTICE OF PAY MASTER.
TTAVINtt been it signed to duty as Pay Master at this'
XX post, notice ie hereby given that I have entered
upon the discharge of the dnties assigned me.
Office oo Alabama street, nearly opposite the M irket
Konae b.J?. bOMAR, .
. , - Capt. and Ast (I M
Atlanta, Feb. 14,1861 f e bt
SALT! SALTt
III BARRELS Superfine Coast Balt.
w _ 111. racks good Coast Silt,
To bo sold to close consignment,
... By • - P.G. BKSSKNT,
ieb26-2t W hitehall street.
HOUSE AND LOT FOR SALE.
I WANT TO SELL A % acre lot, with ».comfortable
x boose, rental nine lour rooms -on McDonough street
Apply on the premises to
J*u3l-tf MRS L Y RUCKER.
LOOK HERE AGAIN,
SHARER Union Lean aad Building Stock founts^.
76 Groes Matches.
•> k. WALLACE,
tebS-tf /1 tho store, of P. A G. T.JDODD
- jSrTSjLri
IYELLABLB SUBSTITUTES, over 45, can be had by ap-
Xt plying ■ o J. K. WaUsco, at the store ol PAU T
Uo<ld - janStf
WANTED,
A C01TPFTENT BOOK-KEEPER for a Cotton Facto-
A nr-- Apply to r. - PEASE A DA VIS
IcbStf
—: r*. Macou * Wes rats. jUftBom OoO
Macon, Ga^ Jan. 28, IS63. /
/\N and after February let, this Company will receive
VF ao Freight for FSseenger Train. ...
jsuSOtf - ALFRED L. TYLER, Sept.
NEGRO SEAMSTRESS WANTED.
’ll/’ANTED TO BUY, a No. X Seamstress, not order IS
VV nor oxer 28 years old—black preferred. Must be
first rate. Apply to
iao28-lf , AC. WSLY A CO.
wooli wool:
r WANT te buy a good let of clean, washes Wcol.- The
J. highest cash price will be paid.
. J M. HOLBROOK,
fobl» Iw Hatter, Wl itehatl attest.
HOUSE AND LOT FOR SALK.
I 'EKSIROUS of moving' to the conntry,1 offer my boose
JL/ and lot where I now live, for sole
decZB-U a A DURAND.
COME quics. - v
90 1KB e R0 *8. i«t received and for
tele at fields’ Negro Mart. fehli-tf
FOR SALE.
A VERY DESIRABLE AND BEAUTIFUL RfSI-
XX. deuce, on Peach-Tree tt-ejt For particulars, anidv
ta M A ROUS A. BELL.
feblS-tf • r m | Estate Agent.
SLAIE-MAKEUS.
A MY NUMBER OF GOOD SLAIE-MAKKRS can Had
XL immediate and constant emp oy ment by apply ng to
‘•‘-14 lw MariettaTtieet.
BLUE STONE-COPPERAS. '
LVOR SALK BY THE PACKAGE, BF
f „. GKO RWBMlUgee
—aovllCoi CleYeteud
WASTED TO HIRE,
A SHiLlr FARM, 2>£ or 8 fromihecily. Ai j
T . 'r wasted, Vr
rvojuy or hire, * young mod healthy negro Women,
_L wiih* child from 4 to S months obi, t_,r » wot nurse.
A WglFiieewmitapM. Apply »t thU office
AUCTION SALES,
AUCTION SALES.
BY CRAWFORD, FRAZER & CO.,
S. J. SHACKELFORD, AUCTIOJiEKR.
1 1I1R KKUUI.AK AUCTION SALES ot oar honee will
. hereafter be <m *™
TUESD l Y$, THURSDAYS A AD SATURDAYS
JBJVERY WEEK,
AT HALF PAST 10 O’CLOCIfo
All Goods, Waree end Chattels should be sent in tb '
evening before, or early in the morning of sale day
StoeV- sales of
Horsesj Mules, &c.,
will commence at 4 (/dock on each regular tale day.
To The Highest Bidder.
I WILL SILL TO THE HIGHEST BIDDER, on th.
first Tuesday in Harcb, at the City HrU, a tract of
Land lying In Falton county, within cix miiet of Atlanta,
containing 666 acres. Jt is sitaated between the Ureet/s
Ferry road and Uayeon’s on the Chattahoochee river—
Two Railroad Surreys have been made, running from
tills cliy to Jacksonville, Ala., one crossing this ttoot. and
the other passing very near It. It has fully 60 acne of
good branch bottom, with « good mi.l arts, whereon a
mill w«a once erected. About 160 acres are cleared and
uuder le. ee—the balance well wo ded- pert very bean
Tbo improvements are a pre:ty good dwelling with aev£
ral good out houses, cribs, stabiea. Ac, a well of good
water in tbe yard and a good spring Convenient, and
•nia y other tbiogt on the place, and a small young or-
ctoud. Terms made known on the day of sale. Asy-noa
wishing to examine tho place can call on John A Cat ter
ou tbe ptemia s .' JOHN FARRAR,
Atl-tutd, Gooivia.
Tebia Vi: 14,17,19 2il, 22, 24,26 38, fob anti 2 mar
SEWING MACHINES^
1 HAVE FOR sate
two fine Shuttle
Machines, end one
Grover A Baker
Machine In tho
b-»t of working'
order.
1 am also , pre
pared to t bo.-ough-
sssti *f repair Sewing
Machine, of all
kinds, and make
every .'ewription
of .Machine Met-
dles to order.
BS'pt'ly on Whitt-
hah street, next
door to the Ga K
R Bank, up stairs,
rr*b20-4t»] W. D. YOUNG.
-SELLING OUT
"Without Resepve.
gQ TIERCES NEW RICE
16 hogsheads Sugar in store
10 hogsheads Sngar to arrive
60 gross imported Matches
600 bushels Corn
SCO bushels Meat, Ao. At
fcb7-tf
EDWARDFS.
VOLUNTEERS WANTED.
C APT. J. R. RHODES and Serg’t. R, W. CRAVEN, ot
tbe HULL VOLUNTEERS. 1st Ooofederete Regiment
Georgia V-dut-toets, ore now at home for the parpoee ol
raising recruits for their Regiment. They will give the
•■FIFi'V DOLLARS RUUNTZ " to all who will volunta
rily come terwardaud enroll themrelves. But i boas who
will not listen to their roautry’e call, in this her hour oi
oed.1, they are otdore > to Conscript. No doubt the calk
will eoon be m >de to 40, and the Exemption bill repealed.
So tome forward and Vulun eer. andsavebeingConeeribed.
rhelr command ie located at MOBILE, ALA., one of th*
mo»t d. airablo and healthy localities in the eervico. -Their
Company, consisting of or.r one hundred,has not loatour
by alckneea.
One of them will be found at VI tim w at the office ot
Cute Gartreil A Hitt, ou Whit hall street.
, „ J. K. RHODES,
jau3l-tf Capt Oom’g Co C, let Confed Reg Ga Vole
Attention, Georgians!
COAST DEFENSE,
£ U AVE been authorized to raise an Iiraintry Company
for Capt John L.Hardee-a Regiment, wKhi, row
formlug underaathority from the Secretary of War, to-
serve an the Coast of uaorgta. ,
I appeal toaUtocame forward and volunteer. Your
country Is iu want of.your sarricos, and you must no
longer remain a spectator in this mighty straggle for her
independence. A hoanty.of $M) wtll be paid and got A
aims furnished at once. A furlough wil. fie given to tease
who mty join, for twenty days
1 can be eeea at any hour, either fa person rr by rep-
rrseutstlre a: the office of Col Gartreil * Hill.
Y- ' ~ ■ Lieut D O SMITH. . ■
Atl nts, Febroary 8d, 1863. feblO-tf
SOUTHERN
Confederate Spelling Book,
FOK THE USE OF COIHIHOW SCHOOLS.
; l COPYRIGHT SECURED. *
T HIS WORK, which Is superior to aoy Text-Book of
the kind now to uso, wilt be shorfy issued irom the
* Au interest iu the Sight of tfris Po >k. can bo ourchased
for particulars apply to W P HAMM0.VU. E,q.
(ebl3-Ut» Alatooua, Georgia.
FOR SALE.
F or dying purposes—
WJ lbs Green Paint
20J lbs Yellow Paint
2,000 lbs Van. Red
100 lbs Indigo -.
4 0 lbs Vermillion Red
3,000 Ibi copperas
Wrll bo sold to the traue on reasonable terms ~
S. R KRA.MfcR,
fokVKH • _ . Druggist, Whitehall street,
reb!5 tl One doer lrum Mitchell at, West sid
, • e mc* A. A W. P. R. R. Co.,
/tlanta, Feb. 7,1863.
MRRCHANTS are respectfully i equestal to come
***? • nd „P»f their freights fat advance and rent
,B 24 . tc ? ,a after arrival, or we will be o
store the freight at their expense.
6Wtf WJ.8MALL.Ag8Q
« NOTICES.
r|‘HEundersigned, intending to chaog* his fa
A. wdluispueeof hi* lar eetoct of Millinery a
2i?^ “* greatly reduced price*. Purchasers,
salo aad retail, will find tl to their iaterets to call
A*S8Ai
a***™ WLototodl
FOR RENT.
«|1HE ROOMS over tbe stores of F JI Fisk, and 1
* Hondo, sou A Co,-on Whitehall street, being te i
recently occupied by e, A Durand, for the msnufaett
tents, s eks, Ac, suitable for Shoe or Harness mskio
any I ght mauufscturiug bnsiaese. Apply to the n
signed at the Rolling Mill office
*« b| -ri O L. PACKARD, Age
NOTICE TO TAX PAYERS.
I WILL hp ot tbo City Hall on Tuesdays, Wedoosdsys,
and Thursdays, until the first ol March, st which
time tho Books will be closed. AU who haye not paid
their tax ti*r tho Jew 1862, do well to como forward
aod pay aca aave ooau:
fet6-tilmsrl WM. I HUD30N. T. a
CITY RESIDENCE FOR SAI,
A DESIRABLE HOUSE AND LOT for sale, a
to bufftueM and well located. House new.
tug fire rooms end basement, with good outbuild
gardeu, and most excellent water. Call on
jan23-lm w . L . K